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Guzniczak E, Otto O, Whyte G, Willoughby N, Jimenez M, Bridle H. Deformability-induced lift force in spiral microchannels for cell separation. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:614-625. [PMID: 31915780 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01000a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell sorting and isolation from a heterogeneous mixture is a crucial task in many aspects of cell biology, biotechnology and medicine. Recently, there has been an interest in methods allowing cell separation upon their intrinsic properties such as cell size and deformability, without the need for use of biochemical labels. Inertial focusing in spiral microchannels has been recognised as an attractive approach for high-throughput cell sorting for myriad point of care and clinical diagnostics. Particles of different sizes interact to a different degree with the fluid flow pattern generated within the spiral microchannel and that leads to particles ordering and separation based on size. However, the deformable nature of cells adds complexity to their ordering within the spiral channels. Herein, an additional force, deformability-induced lift force (FD), involved in the cell focusing mechanism within spiral microchannels has been identified, investigated and reported for the first time, using a cellular deformability model (where the deformability of cells is gradually altered using chemical treatments). Using this model, we demonstrated that spiral microchannels are capable of separating cells of the same size but different deformability properties, extending the capability of the previous method. We have developed a unique label-free approach for deformability-based purification through coupling the effect of FD with inertial focusing in spiral microchannels. This microfluidic-based purification strategy, free of the modifying immuno-labels, allowing cell processing at a large scale (millions of cells per min and mls of medium per minute), up to high purities and separation efficiency and without compromising cell quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Guzniczak
- Heriot-Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Department of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering Edinburgh Campus, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK.
| | - Oliver Otto
- Centre for Innovation Competence-Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17489 Greifswald, Germany & Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung, Partner Site Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Graeme Whyte
- Heriot-Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Department of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering Edinburgh Campus, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK.
| | - Nicholas Willoughby
- Heriot-Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Department of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering Edinburgh Campus, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK.
| | - Melanie Jimenez
- Biomedical Engineering Division, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8LT UK
| | - Helen Bridle
- Heriot-Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Department of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering Edinburgh Campus, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK.
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Abbasalizadeh S, Pakzad M, Cabral JMS, Baharvand H. Allogeneic cell therapy manufacturing: process development technologies and facility design options. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:1201-1219. [PMID: 28699788 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1354982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently, promising outcomes from clinical trials of allogeneic cells, especially allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and human cardiac stem cells, have encouraged research institutions, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and big pharmaceutical companies to invest and focus on developing allogeneic cell therapy products. Commercial and large-scale production of allogeneic cell therapy products requires unique capabilities to develop technologies that generate safe and effective allogeneic cells/cell lines and their fully characterized master/working banks. In addition, it is necessary to design robust upstream and downstream manufacturing processes, and establish integrated, well-designed manufacturing facilities to produce high quality affordable products in accordance with current GMP regulations for the production of cell therapy products. Areas covered: The authors highlight: the recent advances in the development of allogeneic products, the available options to develop robust manufacturing processes, and facility design considerations. Expert opinion: Currently, there are multiple challenges in development of allogeneic cell therapy products. Indeed, the field is still in its infancy; with technologies and regulations still under development, as is our understanding of the mechanisms of action in the body and their interaction with the host immune system. Their characterization and testing is also an emerging and very complex area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Abbasalizadeh
- a Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center , Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR , Tehran , Iran.,b Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences , Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Mohammad Pakzad
- a Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center , Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR , Tehran , Iran
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- b Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences , Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- a Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center , Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR , Tehran , Iran.,c Department of Developmental Biology , University of Science and Culture , Tehran , Iran
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