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De Luca V, Giovannuzzi S, Supuran CT, Capasso C. A comprehensive investigation of the anion inhibition profile of a β-carbonic anhydrase from Acinetobacter baumannii for crafting innovative antimicrobial treatments. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2372731. [PMID: 39012078 PMCID: PMC467105 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2372731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study refers to the intricate world of Acinetobacter baumannii, a resilient pathogenic bacterium notorious for its propensity at antibiotic resistance in nosocomial infections. Expanding upon previous findings that emphasised the bifunctional enzyme PaaY, revealing unexpected γ-carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity, our research focuses on a different class of CA identified within the A. baumannii genome, the β-CA, designated as 𝛽-AbauCA (also indicated as CanB), which plays a crucial role in the resistance mechanism mediated by AmpC beta-lactamase. Here, we cloned, expressed, and purified the recombinant 𝛽-AbauCA, unveiling its distinctive kinetic properties and inhibition profile with inorganic anions (classical CA inhibitors). The exploration of 𝛽-AbauCA not only enhances our understanding of the CA repertoire of A. baumannii but also establishes a foundation for targeted therapeutic interventions against this resilient pathogen, promising advancements in combating its adaptability and antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana De Luca
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Naples, Italy
| | - Simone Giovannuzzi
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Naples, Italy
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2
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Martínez-Montiel M, Romero-Hernández LL, Giovannuzzi S, Begines P, Puerta A, Ahuja-Casarín AI, Fernandes MX, Merino-Montiel P, Montiel-Smith S, Nocentini A, Padrón JM, Supuran CT, Fernández-Bolaños JG, López Ó. Conformationally Restricted Glycoconjugates Derived from Arylsulfonamides and Coumarins: New Families of Tumour-Associated Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119401. [PMID: 37298353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of carbonic anhydrases (CAs) in a myriad of biological events makes the development of new inhibitors of these metalloenzymes a hot topic in current Medicinal Chemistry. In particular, CA IX and XII are membrane-bound enzymes, responsible for tumour survival and chemoresistance. Herein, a bicyclic carbohydrate-based hydrophilic tail (imidazolidine-2-thione) has been appended to a CA-targeting pharmacophore (arylsulfonamide, coumarin) with the aim of studying the influence of the conformational restriction of the tail on the CA inhibition. For this purpose, the coupling of sulfonamido- or coumarin-based isothiocyanates with reducing 2-aminosugars, followed by the sequential acid-promoted intramolecular cyclization of the corresponding thiourea and dehydration reactions, afforded the corresponding bicyclic imidazoline-2-thiones in good overall yield. The effects of the carbohydrate configuration, the position of the sulfonamido motif on the aryl fragment, and the tether length and substitution pattern on the coumarin were analysed in the in vitro inhibition of human CAs. Regarding sulfonamido-based inhibitors, the best template turned out to be a d-galacto-configured carbohydrate residue, meta-substitution on the aryl moiety (9b), with Ki against CA XII within the low nM range (5.1 nM), and remarkable selectivity indexes (1531 for CA I and 181.9 for CA II); this provided an enhanced profile in terms of potency and selectivity compared to more flexible linear thioureas 1-4 and the drug acetazolamide (AAZ), used herein as a reference compound. For coumarins, the strongest activities were found for substituents devoid of steric hindrance (Me, Cl), and short linkages; derivatives 24h and 24a were found to be the most potent inhibitors against CA IX and XII, respectively (Ki = 6.8, 10.1 nM), and also endowed with outstanding selectivity (Ki > 100 µM against CA I, II, as off-target enzymes). Docking simulations were conducted on 9b and 24h to gain more insight into the key inhibitor-enzyme interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Martínez-Montiel
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, PUE, Mexico
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1203, E-41071 Seville, Spain
| | - Laura L Romero-Hernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, PUE, Mexico
| | - Simone Giovannuzzi
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Paloma Begines
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Adrián Puerta
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, c/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, E-38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Ana I Ahuja-Casarín
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, PUE, Mexico
| | - Miguel X Fernandes
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, c/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, E-38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Penélope Merino-Montiel
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, PUE, Mexico
| | - Sara Montiel-Smith
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, PUE, Mexico
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - José M Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, c/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, E-38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - José G Fernández-Bolaños
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1203, E-41071 Seville, Spain
| | - Óscar López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1203, E-41071 Seville, Spain
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Metwally NH, El-Desoky EA. Novel Thiopyrano[2,3- d]thiazole-pyrazole Hybrids as Potential Nonsulfonamide Human Carbonic Anhydrase IX and XII Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, and Biochemical Studies. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:5571-5592. [PMID: 36816682 PMCID: PMC9933482 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, molecular hybridization strategies have developed into a potent strategy for drug discovery. A series of novel thiopyrano[2,3-d]thiazoles linked to the pyrazole moiety was designed and developed as anticancer agents by a molecular hybridization. Target compounds were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic tools as well as X-ray crystallography analysis as in the case of thiopyrano[2,3-d]thiazole derivative 5a. The MTT assay was used to demonstrate the in vitro efficacy of compounds 5a-g and 7a-j on MCF-7 and HePG-2. The results showed that some cycloadducts such as bromophenyl-4-thioxo-2-thiazolidinone 3e, 4-methylphenyl derivative of thiopyrano[2,3-d]thiazole 5d, and 6-substituted-thiopyrano[2,3-d]thiazoles 7e-j displayed good to excellent IC50 in the range of 10.08 ± 1.5 to 25.95 ± 2.8 μg/mL against the MCF-7 cell line and from 7.83 ±2.1 to 13.37 ± 1.2 μg/mL against the HePG-2 cell line. To explore the enzymatic tests for isozymes hCAIX and hCAXII, the most promising eight compounds 3e, 5d, and 7e-j with IC50 ranging from 7.83 ± 2.1 to 25.95 ± 2.8 μM were chosen. Compound 7e exhibited an IC50 (0.067 ± 0.003 μM) similar to that of the standard drug AZA against CAIX (0.059 ± 0.003 μM)). For CAXII, the compound 7i had an IC50 equal to 0.123 ± 0.007 μM compared to that of AZA (0.083 ± 0.005 μM). In addition, using flow cytometry, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis studies in HePG-2 were performed for the two potent anticancer and selective carbonic anhydrase agents (7e and 7i). An enzymatic assay of these two compounds against caspase-9 was also examined. Interestingly, the molecular docking studies revealed that compounds 7e and 7i successfully embedded themselves in the active pockets of the CAIX and CAXII enzymes through different interactions. Overall, the novel thiopyrano[2,3-d]thiazole-pyrazole hybrids (7e and 7i) were suggested to be potent and selective inhibitors of CAIX and CAXII.
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Squaramide-Tethered Sulfonamides and Coumarins: Synthesis, Inhibition of Tumor-Associated CAs IX and XII and Docking Simulations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147685. [PMID: 35887037 PMCID: PMC9318203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are attractive targets for the development of new anticancer therapies; in particular, CAs IX and XII isoforms are overexpressed in numerous tumors. (2) Methods: following the tail approach, we have appended a hydrophobic aromatic tail to a pharmacophore responsible for the CA inhibition (aryl sulfonamide, coumarin). As a linker, we have used squaramides, featured with strong hydrogen bond acceptor and donor capacities. (3) Results: Starting from easily accessible dimethyl squarate, the title compounds were successfully obtained as crystalline solids, avoiding the use of chromatographic purifications. Interesting and valuable SARs could be obtained upon modification of the length of the hydrocarbon chain, position of the sulfonamido moiety, distance of the aryl sulfonamide scaffold to the squaramide, stereoelectronic effects on the aromatic ring, as well as the number and type of substituents on C-3 and C-4 positions of the coumarin. (4) Conclusions: For sulfonamides, the best profile was achieved for the m-substituted derivative 11 (Ki = 29.4, 9.15 nM, CA IX and XII, respectively), with improved selectivity compared to acetazolamide, a standard drug. Coumarin derivatives afforded an outstanding selectivity (Ki > 10,000 nM for CA I, II); the lead compound (16c) was a strong CA IX and XII inhibitor (Ki = 19.2, 7.23 nM, respectively). Docking simulations revealed the key ligand-enzyme interactions.
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Dotsenko OI. The whole-cell kinetic metabolic model of the pH regulation mechanisms in human erythrocytes. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.15421/022235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mathematical modeling in recent years helped to obtain answers to questions that were difficult or even impossible to answer experimentally, to predict several unexpected connections in cell metabolism and to understand and importance of certain biochemical reactions. Due to the complexity and variety of processes underlying the mechanisms of intracellular pH (pHi) regulation, mathematical modeling and metabolome analysis are powerful tools for their analysis. In this regard, a mathematical metabolic model for human erythrocytes was created, which combines cellular metabolism with acid-base processes and gas exchange. The model consists of the main metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, some membrane transport systems, and interactions between hemoglobin and metabolites. The Jacobs-Stewart cycle, which is fundamental in gas exchange and pH regulation, was included to these pathways. The model was created in the COPASI environment, consisted of 85 reactions, the rate of which is based on accurate kinetic equations. The time dependences of reaction flows and metabolite concentrations, as an outcome of calculations, allowed us to reproduce the behaviour of the metabolic system after its disturbance in vitro and to establish the recovery mechanisms or approximation to stationary states. The COPASI simulation environment provides model flexibility by reproducing any experimental design by optimizing direct quantitative comparisons between measured and predicted results. Thus, the procedure of parameters optimization (Parameter Estimation) followed by the solution of the model’s differential equations (Time Course procedure) was used to predict the behaviour of all measured and unmeasured variables over time. The initial intracellular concentrations of CO2, HCO3– in human erythrocytes used for incubation in a phosphate buffer medium were calculated. Changes in CO2, HCO3– content over time were shown. It was established that the regulation of pH in erythrocytes placed in a buffer medium takes place with the participation of two types of processes – fast (takes place in 1.3 s) and slow. It is shown that fast processes are aimed at restoring the intracellular balance between CO2 and HCO3–, slow processes are aimed at establishing the balance of H+ between the cell and the extracellular environment. The role of carbonic anhydrase (CA) and hemoglobin in the processes of pH stabilization is shown and analyzed. The physiological role of the metabolon between band 3 protein (AE1), CA, aquaporin and hemoglobin in maintaining pH homeostasis in the conditions of in vitro experiments are discussed.
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6
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Said MF, George RF, Petreni A, Supuran CT, Mohamed NM. Synthesis, molecular modelling and QSAR study of new N-phenylacetamide-2-oxoindole benzensulfonamide conjugates as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors with antiproliferative activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:701-717. [PMID: 35168458 PMCID: PMC8863381 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2036137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In continuation of our previous studies to optimise potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, two new series of isatin N-phenylacetamide based sulphonamides were synthesised and screened for their human (h) carbonic anhydrase (EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitory activities against four isoforms hCA I, hCA II, hCA IX and hCA XII. The indole-2,3-dione derivative 2h showed the most effective inhibition profile against hCAI and hCA II (KI = 45.10, 5.87 nM) compared to acetazolamide (AAZ) as standard inhibitor. Moreover, 2h showed appreciable inhibition activity against the tumour-associated hCA XII, similar to AAZ showing KI of 7.91 and 5.70 nM, respectively. The analogs 3c and 3d showed good cytotoxicity effects, and 3c revealed promising selectivity towards lung cell line A549. Molecular docking was carried out for 2h and 3c to predict their binding conformations and affinities towards the hCA I, II, IX and XII isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona F Said
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Riham F George
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Andrea Petreni
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nada M Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information MTI, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Steger F, Reich J, Fuchs W, Rittmann SKMR, Gübitz GM, Ribitsch D, Bochmann G. Comparison of Carbonic Anhydrases for CO 2 Sequestration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:957. [PMID: 35055147 PMCID: PMC8777876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Strategies for depleting carbon dioxide (CO2) from flue gases are urgently needed and carbonic anhydrases (CAs) can contribute to solving this problem. They catalyze the hydration of CO2 in aqueous solutions and therefore capture the CO2. However, the harsh conditions due to varying process temperatures are limiting factors for the application of enzymes. The current study aims to examine four recombinantly produced CAs from different organisms, namely CAs from Acetobacterium woodii (AwCA or CynT), Persephonella marina (PmCA), Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum (MtaCA or Cab) and Sulphurihydrogenibium yellowstonense (SspCA). The highest expression yields and activities were found for AwCA (1814 WAU mg-1 AwCA) and PmCA (1748 WAU mg-1 PmCA). AwCA was highly stable in a mesophilic temperature range, whereas PmCA proved to be exceptionally thermostable. Our results indicate the potential to utilize CAs from anaerobic microorganisms to develop CO2 sequestration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Steger
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Department for Agrobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Johanna Reich
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Department for Agrobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
- ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Werner Fuchs
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Department for Agrobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Simon K-M R Rittmann
- Archaea Physiology & Biotechnology Group, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg M Gübitz
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Department for Agrobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Doris Ribitsch
- ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Günther Bochmann
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Department for Agrobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
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8
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Review on bacteria fixing CO2 and bio-mineralization to enhance the performance of construction materials. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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9
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Amine- and Amino Acid-Based Compounds as Carbonic Anhydrase Activators. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237331. [PMID: 34885917 PMCID: PMC8659172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
After being rather neglected as a research field in the past, carbonic anhydrase activators (CAAs) were undoubtedly demonstrated to be useful in diverse pharmaceutical and industrial applications. They also improved the knowledge of the requirements to selectively interact with a CA isoform over the others and confirmed the catalytic mechanism of this class of compounds. Amino acid and amine derivatives were the most explored in in vitro, in vivo and crystallographic studies as CAAs. Most of them were able to activate human or non-human CA isoforms in the nanomolar range, being proposed as therapeutic and industrial tools. Some isoforms are better activated by amino acids than amines derivatives and the stereochemistry may exert a role. Finally, non-human CAs have been very recently tested for activation studies, paving the way to innovative industrial and environmental applications.
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10
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Post-translational modifications in tumor-associated carbonic anhydrases. Amino Acids 2021; 54:543-558. [PMID: 34436666 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrases IX (hCA IX) and XII (hCA XII) are two proteins associated with tumor formation and development. These enzymes have been largely investigated both from a biochemical and a functional point of view. However, limited data are currently available on the characterization of their post-translational modifications (PTMs) and the functional implication of these structural changes in the tumor environment. In this review, we summarize existing literature data on PTMs of hCA IX and hCA XII, such as disulphide bond formation, phosphorylation, O-/N-linked glycosylation, acetylation and ubiquitination, highlighting, when possible, their specific role in cancer pathological processes.
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Dar'in D, Kantin G, Kalinin S, Sharonova T, Bunev A, Ostapenko GI, Nocentini A, Sharoyko V, Supuran CT, Krasavin M. Investigation of 3-sulfamoyl coumarins against cancer-related IX and XII isoforms of human carbonic anhydrase as well as cancer cells leads to the discovery of 2-oxo-2H-benzo[h]chromene-3-sulfonamide - A new caspase-activating proapoptotic agent. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 222:113589. [PMID: 34147910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis of a set of seventeen 3-sulfonamide substituted coumarin derivatives. Prepared compounds were tested in vitro for inhibition of four physiologically relevant isoforms of the metalloenzyme human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1). Several coumarin sulfonamides displayed low nanomolar KI values against therapeutically relevant hCA II, IX, and XII, whereas they did not potently inhibit hCA I. Some of these compounds exerted a concentration-dependent antiproliferative action toward RT4 human bladder cancer and especially A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cell lines. In the meantime, the viability of non-tumorigenic hTERT immortalized human foreskin fibroblast cell line Bj-5ta was not significantly affected by the obtained derivatives. Interestingly, compound 10q (2-oxo-2H-benzo [h]chromene-3-sulfonamide) showed a profound and selective dose-dependent inhibition of A431 cell growth with low nanomolar IC50 values. We demonstrated that 10q possessed a concentration-dependent apoptosis induction activity associated with caspase 3/7 activation in cancer cells. As carbonic anhydrase isoforms in question were not potently inhibited by this compound, its antiproliferative effects likely involve other mechanisms, such as DNA intercalation. Compound 10q clearly represents a viable lead for further development of new-generation anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Dar'in
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Grigory Kantin
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Stanislav Kalinin
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Sharonova
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Bunev
- Medicinal Chemistry Center, Togliatti State University, Togliatti, 445020, Russian Federation
| | - Gennady I Ostapenko
- Medicinal Chemistry Center, Togliatti State University, Togliatti, 445020, Russian Federation
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Neurofarba Department, Universita Degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, 50019, Italy
| | - Vladimir Sharoyko
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Universita Degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, 50019, Italy.
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation.
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12
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Sharonova T, Paramonova P, Kalinin S, Bunev A, Gasanov RЕ, Nocentini A, Sharoyko V, Tennikova TB, Dar'in D, Supuran CT, Krasavin M. Insertion of metal carbenes into the anilinic N-H bond of unprotected aminobenzenesulfonamides delivers low nanomolar inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase IX and XII isoforms. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 218:113352. [PMID: 33774343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis of a set of thirty-four primary sulfonamides generated via formal N-H-insertion of metal carbenes into anilinic amino group of sulfanilamide and its meta-substituted analog. Obtained compounds were tested in vitro as inhibitors of four physiologically significant isoforms of the metalloenzyme human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1). Many of the synthesized sulfonamides displayed low nanomolar Ki values against therapeutically relevant hCA II, IX, and XII, whereas they did not potently inhibit hCA I. Provided the promising activity profiles of the substances towards tumor-associated hCA IX and XII isozymes, single-concentration MTT test was performed for the entire set. Disappointingly, most of the discovered hCA inhibitors did not significantly suppress the growth of cancer cells either in normoxia or CoCl2 induced hypoxic conditions. The only two compounds exerting profound antiproliferative effect turned out to be modest hCA inhibitors. Their out of the range activity in cells is likely attributive to the presence of Michael acceptor substructure which can potentially act either through the inhibition of Thioredoxin reductases (TrxRs, EC 1.8.1.9) or nonspecific covalent binding to cell proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Sharonova
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Polina Paramonova
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Stanislav Kalinin
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Bunev
- Medicinal Chemistry Center, Togliatti State University, Togliatti, 445020, Russian Federation
| | - Rovshan Е Gasanov
- Medicinal Chemistry Center, Togliatti State University, Togliatti, 445020, Russian Federation
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Neurofarba Department, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, 50019, Italy
| | - Vladimir Sharoyko
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana B Tennikova
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Dar'in
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, 50019, Italy.
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation.
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13
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Di Fiore A, Supuran CT, Scaloni A, De Simone G. Human carbonic anhydrases and post-translational modifications: a hidden world possibly affecting protein properties and functions. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 35:1450-1461. [PMID: 32648529 PMCID: PMC7470082 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1781846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrases (CAs) have become a well-recognized target for the design of inhibitors and activators with biomedical applications. Accordingly, an enormous amount of literature is available on their biochemical, functional and structural aspects. Nevertheless post-translational modifications (PTMs) occurring on these enzymes and their functional implications have been poorly investigated so far. To fill this gap, in this review we have analysed all PTMs occurring on human CAs, as deriving from the search in dedicated databases, showing a widespread occurrence of modification events in this enzyme family. By combining these data with sequence alignments, inspection of 3 D structures and available literature, we have summarised the possible functional implications of these PTMs. Although in some cases a clear correlation between a specific PTM and the CA function has been highlighted, many modification events still deserve further dedicated studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Di Fiore
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-National Research Council, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Napoli, Italy
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Insights into Potential Targets for Therapeutic Intervention in Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228573. [PMID: 33202963 PMCID: PMC7697405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease that affects approximately 65 million people worldwide. However, despite the continuous development of antiepileptic drugs, over 30% patients with epilepsy progress to drug-resistant epilepsy. For this reason, it is a high priority objective in preclinical research to find novel therapeutic targets and to develop effective drugs that prevent or reverse the molecular mechanisms underlying epilepsy progression. Among these potential therapeutic targets, we highlight currently available information involving signaling pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and zinc signaling), enzymes (carbonic anhydrase), proteins (erythropoietin, copine 6 and complement system), channels (Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1 (TRPV1) channel) and receptors (galanin and melatonin receptors). All of them have demonstrated a certain degree of efficacy not only in controlling seizures but also in displaying neuroprotective activity and in modifying the progression of epilepsy. Although some research with these specific targets has been done in relation with epilepsy, they have not been fully explored as potential therapeutic targets that could help address the unsolved issue of drug-resistant epilepsy and develop new antiseizure therapies for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Mahmud S, Rahman E, Nain Z, Billah M, Karmakar S, Mohanto SC, Paul GK, Amin A, Acharjee UK, Saleh MA. Computational discovery of plant-based inhibitors against human carbonic anhydrase IX and molecular dynamics simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:2754-2770. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1753579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shafi Mahmud
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Ekhtiar Rahman
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Zulkar Nain
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Khustia, Bangladesh
| | - Mutasim Billah
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Sumon Karmakar
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | | | - Gobindo Kumar Paul
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Al Amin
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Uzzal Kumar Acharjee
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abu Saleh
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
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16
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Zheng T, Qian C. Influencing factors and formation mechanism of CaCO3 precipitation induced by microbial carbonic anhydrase. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Kim EK, Song MJ, Jung Y, Lee WS, Jang HH. Proteomic Analysis of Primary Colon Cancer and Synchronous Solitary Liver Metastasis. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 16:583-592. [PMID: 31659112 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Colon cancer is prone to distant metastases to other sites and the risk of recurrence is relatively high. Therefore, the identification of liver metastasis-related factors is important for the diagnosis or treatment of colon cancer. The aim of this study was to identify the metastasis-related factors that are differentially expressed in synchronous solitary liver metastasis compared to primary colon cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissues of primary colon cancer and associated with liver metastases of five patients were used for mass spectrometry. Identified proteins were validated by western blotting. The in silico analysis was performed using the STRING database and GeneMANIA. RESULTS We identified 58 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), including 51 under-expressed and 7 over-expressed proteins among a total of 164 identified proteins. Major hubs of protein-protein networks were ACTC1, PRDX6, TPI1, and ALDH1A1. DEPs were located in the extracellular region and cytoplasm and were involved in the regulation of enzymatic activity. The metabolic process was significantly enriched in biological processes and an involvement in the KEGG pathway. CONCLUSION These DEPs can potentially be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of liver metastasis and they may provide a new strategy for developing anti-metastatic liver drugs in colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjae Jung
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Suk Lee
- Department of Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Hee Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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18
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Andring JT, Kim CU, McKenna R. Structure and mechanism of copper-carbonic anhydrase II: a nitrite reductase. IUCRJ 2020; 7:287-293. [PMID: 32148856 PMCID: PMC7055381 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252520000986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) promotes vasodilation through the activation of guanylate cyclase, resulting in the relaxation of the smooth muscle vasculature and a subsequent decrease in blood pressure. Therefore, its regulation is of interest for the treatment and prevention of heart disease. An example is pulmonary hypertension which is treated by targeting this NO/vasodilation pathway. In bacteria, plants and fungi, nitrite (NO2 -) is utilized as a source of NO through enzymes known as nitrite reductases. These enzymes reduce NO2 - to NO through a catalytic metal ion, often copper. Recently, several studies have shown nitrite reductase activity of mammalian carbonic anhydrase II (CAII), yet the molecular basis for this activity is unknown. Here we report the crystal structure of copper-bound human CAII (Cu-CAII) in complex with NO2 - at 1.2 Å resolution. The structure exhibits Type 1 (T-1) and 2 (T-2) copper centers, analogous to bacterial nitrite reductases, both required for catalysis. The copper-substituted CAII active site is penta-coordinated with a 'side-on' bound NO2 -, resembling a T-2 center. At the N terminus, several residues that are normally disordered form a porphyrin ring-like configuration surrounding a second copper, acting as a T-1 center. A structural comparison with both apo- (without metal) and zinc-bound CAII (Zn-CAII) provides a mechanistic picture of how, in the presence of copper, CAII, with minimal conformational changes, can function as a nitrite reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T. Andring
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Chae Un Kim
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
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19
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Combs JE, Andring JT, McKenna R. Neutron crystallographic studies of carbonic anhydrase. Methods Enzymol 2020; 634:281-309. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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De Simone G, Di Fiore A, Truppo E, Langella E, Vullo D, Supuran CT, Monti SM. Exploration of the residues modulating the catalytic features of human carbonic anhydrase XIII by a site-specific mutagenesis approach. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:1506-1510. [PMID: 31431090 PMCID: PMC6713127 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1653290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are ubiquitous metallo-enzymes that catalyse the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and proton. In humans there are 15 isoforms among which only 12 are catalytically active. Since active human (h) CAs show different efficiency, the understanding of the molecular determinants affecting it is a matter of debate. Here we investigated, by a site-specific mutagenesis approach, residues modulating the catalytic features of one of the least investigated cytosolic isoform, i.e. hCA XIII. Results showed that residues assisting the formation of an ordered solvent network within the catalytic site as well as those forming a histidine cluster on the protein surface are important to guarantee an efficient proton transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Di Fiore
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR , Naples , Italy
| | | | - Emma Langella
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR , Naples , Italy
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Neurofarba Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Sesto Fiorentino , Florence , Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Sesto Fiorentino , Florence , Italy
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21
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Bousquet L, Nicholas KM. In search of alkene-diazene cross metathesis. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.120909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Murray AB, Quadri M, Li H, McKenna R, Horenstein NA. Synthesis of saccharin-glycoconjugates targeting carbonic anhydrase using a one-pot cyclization/deprotection strategy. Carbohydr Res 2019; 476:65-70. [PMID: 30921738 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) has been identified as a biomarker and drug target for several malignant tumors due to its role in cancer cell growth and proliferation. Simple cyclic sulfonamides, like saccharin (SAC), have shown up to a 60-fold selectivity towards CA IX over other ubiquitous CA isoforms, with greater selectivity obtained applying the "tail-approach" to derivatize SAC with a methylene triazole linker that connected to a "tail" beta glucoside. These modifications of SAC led to an increased selectivity of more than 1000-fold towards CA IX, whereas clinically available CA inhibitors show little to no isoform selectivity. As part of our interest in the development of new CA inhibitors, we found the existing synthetic protocol, which relies on a N-tert-butyl saccharin intermediate, to be problematic in the final deprotection steps. We therefore describe an alternative approach to the synthesis of these compounds featuring a gentle "one pot" deprotection/cyclization as the final synthetic step, and report new galactosyl and glucosyl conjugates with low to mid nM inhibition of CA IX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akilah B Murray
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Marta Quadri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Haoxi Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Nicole A Horenstein
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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23
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Andring JT, Dohle W, Tu C, Potter BVL, McKenna R. 3,17β-Bis-sulfamoyloxy-2-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-triene and Nonsteroidal Sulfamate Derivatives Inhibit Carbonic Anhydrase IX: Structure-Activity Optimization for Isoform Selectivity. J Med Chem 2019; 62:2202-2212. [PMID: 30721041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
3,17β-Bis-sulfamoyloxy-2-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-triene (STX140), a bis-sulfamate derivative of the endogenous steroid 2-methoxyestradiol, has shown promising anticancer potency both in vitro and in vivo, with excellent bioavailability. Its activity against taxane-resistant xenografts makes it a potential drug candidate against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). These properties are linked to the ability of STX140 to act in a multitargeting fashion in vivo as a microtubule disruptor, leading to cell cycle arrest and with both proapoptotic and anti-angiogenic activities. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a well-established biomarker for aggressive cancers, including TNBC. This study reports, for the first time, the inhibitory activities of a series of steroidal and nonsteroidal sulfamate derivatives against CA IX in comparison to the ubiquitous CA II, with some compounds demonstrating 100-200-fold selectivity for CA IX over CA II. X-ray crystallographic studies of four of the most promising compounds reveal that isoform-specific residue interactions are responsible for the high specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Andring
- College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Wolfgang Dohle
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology , University of Oxford , Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3QT , U.K
| | - Chingkuang Tu
- College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Barry V L Potter
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology , University of Oxford , Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3QT , U.K
| | - Robert McKenna
- College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
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Chen F, Jin W, Gao H, Guo Z, Lin H, Li J, Hu K, Guan X, Kalia VC, Lee JK, Zhang L, Li Y. Cloning, Expression and Characterization of Two Beta Carbonic Anhydrases from a Newly Isolated CO 2 Fixer, Serratia marcescens Wy064. Indian J Microbiol 2019; 59:64-72. [PMID: 30728632 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-018-0773-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial strains from karst landform soil were enriched via chemostat culture in the presence of sodium bicarbonate. Two chemolithotrophic strains were isolated and identified as Serratia marcescens Wy064 and Bacillus sp. Wy065. Both strains could grow using sodium bicarbonate as the sole carbon source. Furthermore, the supplement of the medium with three electron donors (Na2S, NaNO2, and Na2S2O3) improved the growth of both strains. The activities of carbonic anhydrase (CA) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) could be detected in the crude enzyme of strain Wy064, implying that the strain Wy064 might employ Calvin cycle to fix CO2. S. marcescens genome mining revealed four potential CA genes designated CA1-CA4. The proteins encoded by genes CA1-3 were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant enzymes of CA1 and CA3 exhibited CO2 hydration activities, whereas enzyme CA2 was expressed in inclusion bodies. A CO2 hydration assay demonstrated that the specific activity of CA3 was significantly higher than that of CA1. The maximum CO2 hydration activities for CA1 and CA3 were observed at pH 7.5 and 40 °C. The activities of CA1 and CA3 were significantly enhanced by several metal ions, especially Zn2+, which resulted in 21.1-fold and 26.1-fold increases of CO2 hydration activities, respectively. The apparent K m and V max for CO2 as substrate were 27 mM and 179 WAU/mg for CA1, and 14 mM and 247 WAU/mg for CA3, respectively. Structure modeling combined with sequence analysis indicated that CA1 and CA3 should belong to the Type II β-CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanbing Chen
- 1College of Life Sciences, Gutian Edible Fungi Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 People's Republic of China
| | - Wensong Jin
- 1College of Life Sciences, Gutian Edible Fungi Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Gao
- 1College of Life Sciences, Gutian Edible Fungi Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 People's Republic of China
| | - Zewang Guo
- 1College of Life Sciences, Gutian Edible Fungi Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Lin
- 1College of Life Sciences, Gutian Edible Fungi Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahuan Li
- 1College of Life Sciences, Gutian Edible Fungi Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 People's Republic of China
| | - Kaihui Hu
- 1College of Life Sciences, Gutian Edible Fungi Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Guan
- 1College of Life Sciences, Gutian Edible Fungi Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 People's Republic of China
| | - Vipin C Kalia
- 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Liaoyuan Zhang
- 1College of Life Sciences, Gutian Edible Fungi Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 People's Republic of China
- 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Yongyu Li
- 3College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 People's Republic of China
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Lomelino CL, Andring JT, McKenna R. Crystallography and Its Impact on Carbonic Anhydrase Research. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:9419521. [PMID: 30302289 PMCID: PMC6158936 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9419521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
X-ray and neutron crystallography are powerful techniques utilized to study the structures of biomolecules. Visualization of enzymes in complex with substrate/product and the capture of intermediate states can be related to activity to facilitate understanding of the catalytic mechanism. Subsequent analysis of small molecule binding within the enzyme active site provides insight into mechanisms of inhibition, supporting the design of novel inhibitors using a structure-guided approach. The first X-ray crystal structures were determined for small, ubiquitous enzymes such as carbonic anhydrase (CA). CAs are a family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the hydration of CO2, producing HCO3 - and a proton. The CA structure and ping-pong mechanism have been extensively studied and are well understood. Though the function of CA plays an important role in a variety of physiological functions, CA has also been associated with diseases such as glaucoma, edema, epilepsy, obesity, and cancer and is therefore recognized as a drug target. In this review, a brief history of crystallography and its impact on CA research is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie L. Lomelino
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jacob T. Andring
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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26
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Protective Role of Carbonic Anhydrases III and VII in Cellular Defense Mechanisms upon Redox Unbalance. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2018306. [PMID: 30154947 PMCID: PMC6098850 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2018306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Under oxidative stress conditions, several constitutive cellular defense systems are activated, which involve both enzymatic systems and molecules with antioxidant properties such as glutathione and vitamins. In addition, proteins containing reactive sulfhydryl groups may eventually undergo reversible redox modifications whose products act as protective shields able to avoid further permanent molecular oxidative damage either in stressful conditions or under pathological circumstances. After the recovery of normal redox conditions, the reduced state of protein sulfhydryl groups is restored. In this context, carbonic anhydrases (CAs) III and VII, which are human metalloenzymes catalyzing the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and proton, have been identified to play an antioxidant role in cells where oxidative damage occurs. Both proteins are mainly localized in tissues characterized by a high rate of oxygen consumption, and contain on their molecular surface two reactive cysteine residues eventually undergoing S-glutathionylation. Here, we will provide an overview on the molecular and functional features of these proteins highlighting their implications into molecular processes occurring during oxidative stress conditions.
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27
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Boucher-Jacobs C, Liu P, Nicholas KM. Mechanistic Insights into the ReIO2(PPh3)2-Promoted Reductive Coupling of Alcohols. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Boucher-Jacobs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Kenneth M. Nicholas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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28
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Lomelino CL, Kim JK, Lee C, Lim SW, Andring JT, Mahon BP, Chung M, Kim CU, McKenna R. Carbonic anhydrase II microcrystals suitable for XFEL studies. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2018; 74:327-330. [PMID: 29870015 PMCID: PMC5987739 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x18006118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) sources have permitted the study of protein dynamics. Femtosecond X-ray pulses have allowed the visualization of intermediate states in enzyme catalysis. In this study, the growth of carbonic anhydrase II microcrystals (40-80 µm in length) suitable for the collection of XFEL diffraction data at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory is demonstrated. The crystals diffracted to 1.7 Å resolution and were indexed in space group P21, with unit-cell parameters a = 42.2, b = 41.2, c = 72.0 Å, β = 104.2°. These preliminary results provide the necessary framework for time-resolved experiments to study carbonic anhydrase catalysis at XFEL beamlines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie L. Lomelino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jin Kyun Kim
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Lee
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Woo Lim
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jacob T. Andring
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Brian P. Mahon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Moses Chung
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Un Kim
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Noor SI, Jamali S, Ames S, Langer S, Deitmer JW, Becker HM. A surface proton antenna in carbonic anhydrase II supports lactate transport in cancer cells. eLife 2018; 7:35176. [PMID: 29809145 PMCID: PMC5986270 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many tumor cells produce vast amounts of lactate and acid, which have to be removed from the cell to prevent intracellular lactacidosis and suffocation of metabolism. In the present study, we show that proton-driven lactate flux is enhanced by the intracellular carbonic anhydrase CAII, which is colocalized with the monocarboxylate transporter MCT1 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Co-expression of MCTs with various CAII mutants in Xenopus oocytes demonstrated that CAII facilitates MCT transport activity in a process involving CAII-Glu69 and CAII-Asp72, which could function as surface proton antennae for the enzyme. CAII-Glu69 and CAII-Asp72 seem to mediate proton transfer between enzyme and transporter, but CAII-His64, the central residue of the enzyme's intramolecular proton shuttle, is not involved in proton shuttling between the two proteins. Instead, this residue mediates binding between MCT and CAII. Taken together, the results suggest that CAII features a moiety that exclusively mediates proton exchange with the MCT to facilitate transport activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Ibne Noor
- Division of General Zoology, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Somayeh Jamali
- Division of General Zoology, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Samantha Ames
- Division of General Zoology, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Silke Langer
- Division of General Zoology, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Joachim W Deitmer
- Division of General Zoology, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Holger M Becker
- Division of General Zoology, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.,Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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30
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Buonanno M, Di Fiore A, Langella E, D'Ambrosio K, Supuran CT, Monti SM, De Simone G. The Crystal Structure of a hCA VII Variant Provides Insights into the Molecular Determinants Responsible for Its Catalytic Behavior. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061571. [PMID: 29795045 PMCID: PMC6032174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although important progress has been achieved in understanding the catalytic mechanism of Carbonic Anhydrases, a detailed picture of all factors influencing the catalytic efficiency of the various human isoforms is still missing. In this paper we report a detailed structural study and theoretical pKa calculations on a hCA VII variant. The obtained data were compared with those already known for another thoroughly investigated cytosolic isoform, hCA II. Our structural studies show that in hCA VII the network of ordered water molecules, which connects the zinc bound solvent molecule to the proton shuttle His64, is altered compared to hCA II, causing a reduction of the catalytic efficiency. Theoretical calculations suggest that changes in solvent network are related to the difference in pKa of the proton shuttle in the two enzymes. The residue that plays a major role in determining the diverse pKa values of the proton shuttle is the one in position four, namely His for hCA II and Gly for hCA VII. This residue is located on the protein surface, outside of the active site cavity. These findings are in agreement with our previous studies that highlighted the importance of histidines on the protein surface of hCA II (among which His4) as crucial residues for the high catalytic efficiency of this isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Buonanno
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Anna Di Fiore
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Emma Langella
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Katia D'Ambrosio
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Simona Maria Monti
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina De Simone
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
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31
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Steffensmeier E, Nicholas KM. Oxidation–reductive coupling of alcohols catalyzed by oxo-vanadium complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:790-793. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08387d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxo-vanadium complexes catalyze the novel oxidation–reductive coupling of benzylic and allylic alcohols.
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32
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Ye W, Zhang C, Xu N, Sun Y, Ma L, Shen B, Zhou D, Zhu C. Carbonic anhydrase II confers resistance to deltamethrin in Culex pipiens pallens. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 96:e21428. [PMID: 29086997 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are metabolic enzymes that regulate the physiological equilibrium in a variety of organisms. In this study, we investigated the function of CA II in Culex pipiens pallens using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and double-stranded RNA injection. CA II transcripts were more abundant in the deltamethrin-susceptible strain than the deltamethrin-resistant strain. The activities of metabolic enzymes increased when the CA II expression was silenced. These findings suggest CA II regulates deltamethrin resistance by altering metabolic enzyme activity, and could serve as a potential genetic marker for monitoring deltamethrin resistance in mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyun Ye
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changliang Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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33
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Picomolar inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase: Importance of inhibition and binding assays. Anal Biochem 2017; 522:61-72. [PMID: 28153585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Ki of carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors is often determined by the stopped- flow CO2 hydration assay, the method that directly follows the inhibition of CA enzymatic activity. However, the assay has limitations, such as largely unknown concentration of CO2 and the inability to determine the Ki below several nM. The widely used direct binding assay, isothermal titration calorimetry, also does not determine the Kd below several nM. In contrast, the thermal shift assay can accurately determine picomolar affinities. New equations estimating CO2 concentration were developed for the determination of kcat and KM of CA I and CA II. The inhibitor dose-response curves were analyzed using Hill and Morrison equations demonstrating that only the Morrison model is applicable for the determination of tight-binding inhibitor Ki. The measurements of interactions between ten inhibitors and seven CA isoforms showed the limitations and advantages of all three techniques. Inhibitor 6 exhibited the Kd of 50 pM and was highly selective towards human CA IX, an isoform which is nearly absent in healthy human, but highly overexpressed in numerous cancers. Combination of inhibition and binding techniques was necessary for precise determination of CA-high-affinity inhibitor interactions and future drug design.
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34
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Carrie D, Gilmour KM. Phosphorylation increases the catalytic activity of rainbow trout gill cytosolic carbonic anhydrase. J Comp Physiol B 2016; 186:111-22. [PMID: 26498599 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-015-0942-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrase (CAc) in the gill of teleost fish contributes to ionic regulation and acid–base balance by catalyzing the reversible reaction of CO2 and water, CO2 + H2O ↔ H(+) + HCO3(-). Regulation of CAc abundance and activity therefore is expected to fine-tune responses to ionic or acid–base challenges. The present study investigated the potential for gill CAc of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (tCAc), to undergo reversible phosphorylation. The activity of tCAc was approximately doubled by phosphorylation achieved through in vitro stimulation of endogenous protein kinases; kinase stimulation doubled phospho-threonine content from that observed in tCAc isolated under conditions where both kinases and protein phosphatases were inhibited. In vitro incubation to preferentially stimulate specific kinases implicated protein kinase G (PKG) in mediating the increase in tCAc activity. The kinetic parameters of turnover number (k cat) and substrate affinity (K m) were similarly affected by stimulation of either kinase or phosphatase action. However, phosphorylation via kinase stimulation significantly increased the efficiency of tCAc (V max /K m), and this factor may have contributed to the elevation of tCAc activity. In addition, phosphorylation of tCAc by kinase stimulation significantly increased the inhibition constant (K i) for acetazolamide. These results demonstrate that tCAc is subject to reversible phosphorylation; future work should focus on identifying the physiological situation(s) in which phosphorylation of trout branchial CAc occurs.
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35
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Lakota J, Vulic R, Dubrovcakova M, Tyciakova S. Sera of patients with spontaneous tumour regression and elevated anti-CA I autoantibodies change the gene expression of ECM proteins. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:543-551. [PMID: 27704726 PMCID: PMC5323822 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous tumour regression after high‐dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation is associated with the aplastic anaemia‐like syndrome and the presence of polyclonal autoantibodies against carbonic anhydrase I (CA I). When tumour cells were grown in vitro in the presence of patients’ sera positive for anti‐CA I autoantibodies, their morphological pattern was altered. These changes were accompanied by modifications in the gene expression profile. We observed downregulation of genes of the basal lamina assembly (collagen type IV alpha 4, the laminin subunit gamma 2), the extracellular matrix (collagen type I alpha 1), the cytoskeleton (keratin 14 type I), the collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 and the proto‐oncogene WNT7B. On the other hand, the expression of the CA 1 gene was increased in the tumour cells. It was also noticed that the presence of anti‐CA I autoantibodies did not impair tumour cell proliferation and cell viability in vitro. These findings were observed only in the presence of patients’ sera positive for anti‐CA I autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lakota
- Cancer Research Institute BMC SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia.,St. Elizabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
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36
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Compostella ME, Berto P, Vallese F, Zanotti G. Structure of α-carbonic anhydrase from the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2015; 71:1005-11. [PMID: 26249690 PMCID: PMC4528932 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x15010407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure of α-carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme present in the periplasm of Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium that affects humans and that is responsible for several gastric pathologies, is described. Two enzyme monomers are present in the asymmetric unit of the monoclinic space group P21, forming a dimer in the crystal. Despite the similarity of the enzyme structure to those of orthologues from other species, the H. pylori protein has adopted peculiar features in order to allow the bacterium to survive in the difficult environment of the human stomach. In particular, the crystal structure shows how the bacterium has corrected for the mutation of an essential amino acid important for catalysis using a negative ion from the medium and how it localizes close to the inner membrane in the periplasm. Since carbonic anhydrase is essential for the bacterial colonization of the host, it is a potential target for antibiotic drugs. The definition of the shape of the active-site entrance and cavity constitutes a basis for the design of specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Compostella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Berto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Vallese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zanotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
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37
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Thermostable Carbonic Anhydrases in Biotechnological Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:15456-80. [PMID: 26184158 PMCID: PMC4519908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160715456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases are ubiquitous metallo-enzymes which catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide in bicarbonate ions and protons. Recent years have seen an increasing interest in the utilization of these enzymes in CO2 capture and storage processes. However, since this use is greatly limited by the harsh conditions required in these processes, the employment of thermostable enzymes, both those isolated by thermophilic organisms and those obtained by protein engineering techniques, represents an interesting possibility. In this review we will provide an extensive description of the thermostable carbonic anhydrases so far reported and the main processes in which these enzymes have found an application.
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38
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Esbaugh AJ, Secor SM, Grosell M. Renal plasticity in response to feeding in the Burmese python, Python molurus bivittatus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 188:120-6. [PMID: 26123779 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Burmese pythons are sit-and-wait predators that are well adapted to go long periods without food, yet subsequently consume and digest single meals that can exceed their body weight. These large feeding events result in a dramatic alkaline tide that is compensated by a hypoventilatory response that normalizes plasma pH; however, little is known regarding how plasma HCO3(-) is lowered in the days post-feeding. The current study demonstrated that Burmese pythons contain the cellular machinery for renal acid-base compensation and actively remodel the kidney to limit HCO3(-) reabsorption in the post-feeding period. After being fed a 25% body weight meal plasma total CO2 was elevated by 1.5-fold after 1 day, but returned to control concentrations by 4 days post-feeding (d pf). Gene expression analysis was used to verify the presence of carbonic anhydrase (CA) II, IV and XIII, Na(+) H(+) exchanger 3 (NHE3), the Na(+) HCO3(-) co-transporter (NBC) and V-type ATPase. CA IV expression was significantly down-regulated at 3 dpf versus fasted controls. This was supported by activity analysis that showed a significant decrease in the amount of GPI-linked CA activity in isolated kidney membranes at 3 dpf versus fasted controls. In addition, V-type ATPase activity was significantly up-regulated at 3 dpf; no change in gene expression was observed. Both CA II and NHE3 expression was up-regulated at 3 dpf, which may be related to post-prandial ion balance. These results suggest that Burmese pythons actively remodel their kidney after feeding, which would in part benefit renal HCO3(-) clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Esbaugh
- Department of Marine Science, University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78418, USA.
| | - S M Secor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35405, USA
| | - M Grosell
- Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
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39
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Esbaugh AJ, Secor SM, Grosell M. Characterization of carbonic anhydrase XIII in the erythrocytes of the Burmese python, Python molurus bivittatus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 187:71-7. [PMID: 26005204 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is one of the most abundant proteins found in vertebrate erythrocytes with the majority of species expressing a low activity CA I and high activity CA II. However, several phylogenetic gaps remain in our understanding of the expansion of cytoplasmic CA in vertebrate erythrocytes. In particular, very little is known about isoforms from reptiles. The current study sought to characterize the erythrocyte isoforms from two squamate species, Python molurus and Nerodia rhombifer, which was combined with information from recent genome projects to address this important phylogenetic gap. Obtained sequences grouped closely with CA XIII in phylogenetic analyses. CA II mRNA transcripts were also found in erythrocytes, but found at less than half the levels of CA XIII. Structural analysis suggested similar biochemical activity as the respective mammalian isoforms, with CA XIII being a low activity isoform. Biochemical characterization verified that the majority of CA activity in the erythrocytes was due to a high activity CA II-like isoform; however, titration with copper supported the presence of two CA pools. The CA II-like pool accounted for 90 % of the total activity. To assess potential disparate roles of these isoforms a feeding stress was used to up-regulate CO2 excretion pathways. Significant up-regulation of CA II and the anion exchanger was observed; CA XIII was strongly down-regulated. While these results do not provide insight into the role of CA XIII in the erythrocytes, they do suggest that the presence of two isoforms is not simply a case of physiological redundancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Esbaugh
- Department of Marine Science, University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78418, USA.
| | - S M Secor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0344, USA
| | - M Grosell
- Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
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40
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Boone CD, Rasi V, Tu C, McKenna R. Structural and catalytic effects of proline substitution and surface loop deletion in the extended active site of human carbonic anhydrase II. FEBS J 2015; 282:1445-57. [PMID: 25683338 PMCID: PMC4400229 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bioengineering of a thermophilic enzyme starting from a mesophilic scaffold has proven to be a significant challenge, as several stabilizing elements have been proposed to be the foundation of thermal stability, including disulfide bridges, surface loop reduction, ionic pair networks, proline substitutions and aromatic clusters. This study emphasizes the effect of increasing the rigidity of human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II; EC 4.2.1.1) via incorporation of proline residues at positions 170 and 234, which are located in surface loops that are able to accommodate restrictive main-chain conformations without rearrangement of the surrounding peptide backbone. Additionally, the effect of the compactness of HCA II was examined by deletion of a surface loop (residues 230-240) that had been previously identified as a possible source of thermal stability for the hyperthermophilic carbonic anhydrase isolated from the bacterium Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense YO3AOP1. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis of these HCA II variants revealed that these structural modifications had a minimum effect on the thermal stability of the enzyme, while kinetic studies showed unexpected effects on the catalytic efficiency and proton transfer rates. X-ray crystallographic analysis of these HCA II variants showed that the electrostatic potential and configuration of the highly acidic loop (residues 230-240) play an important role in its high catalytic activity. Based on these observations and previous studies, a picture is emerging of the various components within the general structural architecture of HCA II that are key to stability. These elements may provide blueprints for rational thermal stability engineering of other enzymes. DATABASE Structural data have been submitted to the Protein Data Bank under accession numbers 4QK1 (K170P), 4QK2 (E234P) and 4QK3 (Δ230-240).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Boone
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Valerio Rasi
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Chingkuang Tu
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100267, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA,Corresponding author. FAX (352) 392-3422;
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41
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De Simone G, Monti SM, Alterio V, Buonanno M, De Luca V, Rossi M, Carginale V, Supuran CT, Capasso C, Di Fiore A. Crystal structure of the most catalytically effective carbonic anhydrase enzyme known, SazCA from the thermophilic bacterium Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2002-6. [PMID: 25817590 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Two thermostable α-carbonic anhydrases (α-CAs) isolated from thermophilic Sulfurihydrogenibium spp., namely SspCA (from S. yellowstonensis) and SazCA (from S. azorense), were shown in a previous work to possess interesting complementary properties. SspCA was shown to have an exceptional thermal stability, whereas SazCA demonstrated to be the most active α-CA known to date for the CO2 hydration reaction. Here we report the crystallographic structure of SazCA and the identification of the structural features responsible for its high catalytic activity, by comparing it with SspCA structure. These data are of relevance for the design of engineered proteins showing higher stability and catalytic activity than other α-CAs known to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina De Simone
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Simona Maria Monti
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Alterio
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Martina Buonanno
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy; Seconda Università di Napoli (SUN), 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Viviana De Luca
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse-CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mosè Rossi
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse-CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carginale
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse-CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse-CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Di Fiore
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
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42
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Probing the surface of human carbonic anhydrase for clues towards the design of isoform specific inhibitors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:453543. [PMID: 25811028 PMCID: PMC4355338 DOI: 10.1155/2015/453543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The alpha carbonic anhydrases (α-CAs) are a group of structurally related zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of CO2 to HCO3−. Humans have 15 different α-CAs with numerous physiological roles and expression patterns. Of these, 12 are catalytically active, and abnormal expression and activities are linked with various diseases, including glaucoma and cancer. Hence there is a need for CA isoform specific inhibitors to avoid off-target CA inhibition, but due to the high amino acid conservation of the active site and surrounding regions between each enzyme, this has proven difficult. However, residues towards the exit of the active site are variable and can be exploited to design isoform selective inhibitors. Here we discuss and characterize this region of “selective drug targetability” and how these observations can be utilized to develop isoform selective CA inhibitors.
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43
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Mahon BP, Pinard MA, McKenna R. Targeting carbonic anhydrase IX activity and expression. Molecules 2015; 20:2323-48. [PMID: 25647573 PMCID: PMC6272707 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20022323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic tumors are often hypoxic exhibiting a decrease in extracellular pH (~6.5) due to a metabolic transition described by the Warburg Effect. This shift in tumor cell metabolism alters the tumor milieu inducing tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, cell motility, invasiveness, and often resistance to common anti-cancer treatments; hence hindering treatment of aggressive cancers. As a result, tumors exhibiting this phenotype are directly associated with poor prognosis and decreased survival rates in cancer patients. A key component to this tumor microenvironment is carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX). Knockdown of CA IX expression or inhibition of its activity has been shown to reduce primary tumor growth, tumor proliferation, and also decrease tumor resistance to conventional anti-cancer therapies. As such several approaches have been taken to target CA IX in tumors via small-molecule, anti-body, and RNAi delivery systems. Here we will review recent developments that have exploited these approaches and provide our thoughts for future directions of CA IX targeting for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Mahon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Melissa A Pinard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Cure E, Cure MC, Tumkaya L, Kalkan Y, Aydin I, Kirbas A, Yilmaz A, Yuce S, Gokce MF. Topiramate ameliorates abdominal aorta cross-clamping induced liver injury in rats. SAUDI JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SAUDI GASTROENTEROLOGY ASSOCIATION 2014. [PMID: 25253365 DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.141690.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the liver occurs after a prolonged period of ischemia followed by restoration of hepatic blood perfusion. During the surgery of abdominal aorta, I/R injury causes damage to lower extremities and many organs, especially liver. The antioxidant and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) suppression effects of topiramate (TPM) have been reported in several studies. We evaluated the potential protective effect of TPM on cellular damage in liver tissue during I/R injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: Control, I/R, and I/R plus TPM (I/R + TPM) groups. Laparotomy without I/R injury was performed in the control group. After laparotomy, cross-ligation of infrarenal abdominal aorta was applied for 2 h in I/R groups that was followed by 2 h of reperfusion. TPM (100 mg/kg/day) was orally administrated to the animals in the I/R + TPM group for seven consecutive days before I/R procedure. RESULTS The I/R group's TNF-α and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly higher than those of the control (P = 0.010; P = 0.002) and I/R + TPM groups (P = 0.010; P = 0.002, respectively). Asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA) levels of I/R group were higher than the control (P = 0.015) and I/R + TPM groups. I/R caused serious histopathological damage to liver tissue; however, TPM led to very low histopathological changes. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that TPM treatment prominently decreases the severity of liver I/R injury. TPM pretreatment may have preventive effects on liver injury via I/R during intra-abdominal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Cure
- Department of Internal Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
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Cure E, Cure MC, Tumkaya L, Kalkan Y, Aydin I, Kirbas A, Yilmaz A, Yuce S, Gokce MF. Topiramate ameliorates abdominal aorta cross-clamping induced liver injury in rats. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:297-303. [PMID: 25253365 PMCID: PMC4196345 DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.141690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the liver occurs after a prolonged period of ischemia followed by restoration of hepatic blood perfusion. During the surgery of abdominal aorta, I/R injury causes damage to lower extremities and many organs, especially liver. The antioxidant and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) suppression effects of topiramate (TPM) have been reported in several studies. We evaluated the potential protective effect of TPM on cellular damage in liver tissue during I/R injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: Control, I/R, and I/R plus TPM (I/R + TPM) groups. Laparotomy without I/R injury was performed in the control group. After laparotomy, cross-ligation of infrarenal abdominal aorta was applied for 2 h in I/R groups that was followed by 2 h of reperfusion. TPM (100 mg/kg/day) was orally administrated to the animals in the I/R + TPM group for seven consecutive days before I/R procedure. RESULTS The I/R group's TNF-α and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly higher than those of the control (P = 0.010; P = 0.002) and I/R + TPM groups (P = 0.010; P = 0.002, respectively). Asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA) levels of I/R group were higher than the control (P = 0.015) and I/R + TPM groups. I/R caused serious histopathological damage to liver tissue; however, TPM led to very low histopathological changes. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that TPM treatment prominently decreases the severity of liver I/R injury. TPM pretreatment may have preventive effects on liver injury via I/R during intra-abdominal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Cure
- Department of Internal Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Erkan Cure, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Recep Tayyip Erdogan, School of Medicine, Rize - 53100, Turkey. E-mail:
| | - Medine C. Cure
- Department of Biochemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - Levent Tumkaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - Yildiray Kalkan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Aydin
- Department of Surgery, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - Aynur Kirbas
- Department of Biochemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - Arif Yilmaz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Yuce
- Department of Internal Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
| | - Mehmet F. Gokce
- Department of Physiology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
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Lehneck R, Pöggeler S. A matter of structure: structural comparison of fungal carbonic anhydrases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:8433-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5993-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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