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Herdean A, Hall C, Hughes DJ, Kuzhiumparambil U, Diocaretz BC, Ralph PJ. Temperature mapping of non-photochemical quenching in Chlorella vulgaris. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 155:191-202. [PMID: 36417105 PMCID: PMC9879819 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00981-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Light intensity and temperature independently impact all parts of the photosynthetic machinery in plants and algae. Yet to date, the vast majority of pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements have been performed at well-defined light intensities, but rarely at well-defined temperatures. In this work, we show that PAM measurements performed at various temperatures produce vastly different results in the chlorophyte Chlorella vulgaris. Using a recently developed Phenoplate technique to map quantum yield of Photosystem II (Y(II)) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) as a function of temperature, we show that the fast-relaxing NPQ follows an inverse normal distribution with respect to temperature and appears insensitive to previous temperature acclimation. The slow-relaxing or residual NPQ after 5 minutes of dark recovery follows a normal distribution similar to Y(II) but with a peak in the higher temperature range. Surprisingly, higher slow- and fast-relaxing NPQ values were observed in high-light relative to low-light acclimated cultures. Y(II) values peaked at the adaptation temperature regardless of temperature or light acclimation. Our novel findings show the complete temperature working spectrum of Y(II) and how excess energy quenching is managed across a wide range of temperatures in the model microalgal species C. vulgaris. Finally, we draw attention to the fact that the effect of the temperature component in PAM measurements has been wildly underestimated, and results from experiments at room temperature can be misleading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Herdean
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Christopher Hall
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - David J Hughes
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | | | | | - Peter J Ralph
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Lacour T, Babin M, Lavaud J. Diversity in Xanthophyll Cycle Pigments Content and Related Nonphotochemical Quenching (NPQ) Among Microalgae: Implications for Growth Strategy and Ecology. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:245-263. [PMID: 31674660 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Xanthophyll cycle-related nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), which is present in most photoautotrophs, allows dissipation of excess light energy. Xanthophyll cycle-related NPQ depends principally on xanthophyll cycle pigments composition and their effective involvement in NPQ. Xanthophyll cycle-related NPQ is tightly controlled by environmental conditions in a species-/strain-specific manner. These features are especially relevant in microalgae living in a complex and highly variable environment. The goal of this study was to perform a comparative assessment of NPQ ecophysiologies across microalgal taxa in order to underline the specific involvement of NPQ in growth adaptations and strategies. We used both published results and data acquired in our laboratory to understand the relationships between growth conditions (irradiance, temperature, and nutrient availability), xanthophyll cycle composition, and xanthophyll cycle pigments quenching efficiency in microalgae from various taxa. We found that in diadinoxanthin-containing species, the xanthophyll cycle pigment pool is controlled by energy pressure in all species. At any given energy pressure, however, the diatoxanthin content is higher in diatoms than in other diadinoxanthin-containing species. XC pigments quenching efficiency is species-specific and decreases with acclimation to higher irradiances. We found a clear link between the natural light environment of species/ecotypes and quenching efficiency amplitude. The presence of diatoxanthin or zeaxanthin at steady state in all species examined at moderate and high irradiances suggests that cells maintain a light-harvesting capacity in excess to cope with potential decrease in light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcel Babin
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory UMI3376, CNRS (France) & ULaval (Canada), Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, 1045, Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Johann Lavaud
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory UMI3376, CNRS (France) & ULaval (Canada), Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, 1045, Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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Nowicka B. Practical aspects of the measurements of non-photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching in green microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using Open FluorCam. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:617-629. [PMID: 31264713 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Methods of chlorophyll fluorescence measurements are widely used in the research on photosynthesis and ecophysiology of plants and algae. Among them, a very popular technique is pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM) flourometry, which is simple to carry out, fast and non-invasive. However, this method is also prone to generate artifacts if the experiments were not planned and executed properly. Application of this technique to algae brings additional complications, which need to be taken into consideration. Some of them are connected with sample preparation and setting of the protocols used, while another origin from the differences in the photosynthetic apparatus and regulation of photosynthesis in various algal groups when compared to vascular plants. In the present paper, some important practical aspects concerning PAM fluorometry measurements in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii have been described, including the equipment settings and sample preparation. The impact of growth conditions, such as light, temperature and medium type on the induction of non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence have been also tackled, as well as the question of state transitions occurring in darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
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González R, Butković A, Elena SF. From foes to friends: Viral infections expand the limits of host phenotypic plasticity. Adv Virus Res 2020; 106:85-121. [PMID: 32327149 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity enables organisms to survive in the face of unpredictable environmental stress. Intimately related to the notion of phenotypic plasticity is the concept of the reaction norm that places phenotypic plasticity in the context of a genotype-specific response to environmental gradients. Whether reaction norms themselves evolve and which factors might affect their shape has been the object of intense debates among evolutionary biologists along the years. Since their discovery, viruses have been considered as pathogens. However, new viromic techniques and a shift in conceptual paradigms are showing that viruses are mostly non-pathogenic ubiquitous entities. Recent studies have shown how viral infections can even be beneficial for their hosts. This may happen especially in the context of stressed hosts, where the virus infection can induce beneficial changes in the host's physiological homeostasis, hence changing the shape of the reaction norm. Despite the fact that underlying physiological mechanisms and evolutionary dynamics are still not well understood, such beneficial interactions are being discovered in a growing number of plant-virus systems. Here, we aim to review these disperse studies and place them into the context of phenotypic plasticity and the evolution of reaction norms. This is an emerging field that is posing many questions that still need to be properly answered. The answers would clearly interest virologists, plant pathologists and evolutionary biologists and likely they will suggest possible future biotechnological applications, including the development of crops with higher survival rates and yield under adverse environmental situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén González
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas, CSIC-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Anamarija Butković
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas, CSIC-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago F Elena
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas, CSIC-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, United States.
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McGee D, Archer L, Fleming GTA, Gillespie E, Touzet N. Influence of spectral intensity and quality of LED lighting on photoacclimation, carbon allocation and high-value pigments in microalgae. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 143:67-80. [PMID: 31705368 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring spectral quality during microalgal cultivation can provide a means to increase productivity and enhance biomass composition for downstream biorefinery. Five microalgae strains from three distinct lineages were cultivated under varying spectral intensities and qualities to establish their effects on pigments and carbon allocation. Light intensity significantly impacted pigment yields and carbon allocation in all strains, while the effects of spectral quality were mostly species-specific. High light conditions induced chlorophyll photoacclimation and resulted in an increase in xanthophyll cycle pigments in three of the five strains. High-intensity blue LEDs increased zeaxanthin tenfold in Rhodella sp. APOT_15 relative to medium or low light conditions. White light however was optimal for phycobiliprotein content (11.2 mg mL-1) for all tested light intensities in this strain. The highest xanthophyll pigment yields for the Chlorophyceae were associated with medium-intensity blue and green lights for Brachiomonas submarina APSW_11 (5.6 mg g-1 lutein and 2.0 mg g-1 zeaxanthin) and Kirchneriella aperta DMGFW_21 (1.5 mg g-1 lutein and 1 mg g-1 zeaxanthin), respectively. The highest fucoxanthin content in both Heterokontophyceae strains (2.0 mg g-1) was associated with medium and high white light for Stauroneis sp. LACW_24 and Phaeothamnion sp. LACW_34, respectively. This research provides insights into the application of LEDs to influence microalgal physiology, highlighting the roles of low light on lipid metabolism in Rhodella sp. APOT_15, of blue and green lights for carotenogenesis in Chlorophyceae and red light-induced photoacclimation in diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dónal McGee
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, CERIS, Centre for Environmental Research, Innovation and Sustainability, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland.
| | - Lorraine Archer
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, CERIS, Centre for Environmental Research, Innovation and Sustainability, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Gerard T A Fleming
- Microbiology Department, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Eoin Gillespie
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, CERIS, Centre for Environmental Research, Innovation and Sustainability, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Nicolas Touzet
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, CERIS, Centre for Environmental Research, Innovation and Sustainability, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
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Sivakaminathan S, Hankamer B, Wolf J, Yarnold J. High-throughput optimisation of light-driven microalgae biotechnologies. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11687. [PMID: 30076312 PMCID: PMC6076246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29954-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae biotechnologies are rapidly developing into new commercial settings. Several high value products already exist on the market, and systems development is focused on cost reduction to open up future economic opportunities for food, fuel and freshwater production. Light is a key environmental driver for photosynthesis and optimising light capture is therefore critical for low cost, high efficiency systems. Here a novel high-throughput screen that simulates fluctuating light regimes in mass cultures is presented. The data was used to model photosynthetic efficiency (PEµ, mol photon-1 m2) and chlorophyll fluorescence of two green algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella sp. Response surface methodology defined the effect of three key variables: density factor (Df, 'culture density'), cycle time (tc, 'mixing rate'), and maximum incident irradiance (Imax). Both species exhibited a large rise in PEµ with decreasing Imax and a minimal effect of tc (between 3-20 s). However, the optimal Df of 0.4 for Chlamydomonas and 0.8 for Chlorella suggested strong preferences for dilute and dense cultures respectively. Chlorella had a two-fold higher optimised PEµ than Chlamydomonas, despite its higher light sensitivity. These results demonstrate species-specific light preferences within the green algae clade. Our high-throughput screen enables rapid strain selection and process optimisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwetha Sivakaminathan
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Ben Hankamer
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Juliane Wolf
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Australia.
| | - Jennifer Yarnold
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Australia.
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A blue-light photoreceptor mediates the feedback regulation of photosynthesis. Nature 2016; 537:563-566. [PMID: 27626383 DOI: 10.1038/nature19358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In plants and algae, light serves both as the energy source for photosynthesis and a biological signal that triggers cellular responses via specific sensory photoreceptors. Red light is perceived by bilin-containing phytochromes and blue light by the flavin-containing cryptochromes and/or phototropins (PHOTs), the latter containing two photosensory light, oxygen, or voltage (LOV) domains. Photoperception spans several orders of light intensity, ranging from far below the threshold for photosynthesis to values beyond the capacity of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation. Excess light may cause oxidative damage and cell death, processes prevented by enhanced thermal dissipation via high-energy quenching (qE), a key photoprotective response. Here we show the existence of a molecular link between photoreception, photosynthesis, and photoprotection in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We show that PHOT controls qE by inducing the expression of the qE effector protein LHCSR3 (light-harvesting complex stress-related protein 3) in high light intensities. This control requires blue-light perception by LOV domains on PHOT, LHCSR3 induction through PHOT kinase, and light dissipation in photosystem II via LHCSR3. Mutants deficient in the PHOT gene display severely reduced fitness under excessive light conditions, indicating that the sensing, utilization, and dissipation of light is a concerted process that plays a vital role in microalgal acclimation to environments of variable light intensities.
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Curien G, Flori S, Villanova V, Magneschi L, Giustini C, Forti G, Matringe M, Petroutsos D, Kuntz M, Finazzi G. The Water to Water Cycles in Microalgae. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:1354-1363. [PMID: 26955846 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In oxygenic photosynthesis, light produces ATP plus NADPH via linear electron transfer, i.e. the in-series activity of the two photosystems: PSI and PSII. This process, however, is thought not to be sufficient to provide enough ATP per NADPH for carbon assimilation in the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. Thus, it is assumed that additional ATP can be generated by alternative electron pathways. These circuits produce an electrochemical proton gradient without NADPH synthesis, and, although they often represent a small proportion of the linear electron flow, they could have a huge importance in optimizing CO2 assimilation. In Viridiplantae, there is a consensus that alternative electron flow comprises cyclic electron flow around PSI and the water to water cycles. The latter processes include photosynthetic O2 reduction via the Mehler reaction at PSI, the plastoquinone terminal oxidase downstream of PSII, photorespiration (the oxygenase activity of Rubisco) and the export of reducing equivalents towards the mitochondrial oxidases, through the malate shuttle. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the role of the water to water cycles in photosynthesis, with a special focus on their occurrence and physiological roles in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Curien
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 1414 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble (BIG), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Serena Flori
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 1414 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble (BIG), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | | | - Leonardo Magneschi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 1414 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble (BIG), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Cécile Giustini
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 1414 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble (BIG), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Giorgio Forti
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michel Matringe
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 1414 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble (BIG), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Dimitris Petroutsos
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 1414 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble (BIG), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Marcel Kuntz
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 1414 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble (BIG), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 1414 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble (BIG), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
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