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He S, Zhang H, Yin S, Hao X, Yang Y, Shang S. Characterization of chicken interleukin-9 receptor alpha chain. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102965. [PMID: 37562135 PMCID: PMC10432844 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-9 receptor alpha chain (IL-9Rα) is the ligand-binding subunit of IL-9R that plays roles in IL-9-mediated allergy, inflammation, infection, and tumor immunity. While mammalian IL-9Rαs have been extensively investigated, avian IL-9Rα has not yet been identified and characterized. In this study, we cloned chicken IL-9Rα (chIL-9Rα) and performed a phylogenetic analysis, analyzed its tissue distribution, characterized the expression form of natural chIL-9Rα. Phylogenetic analysis showed that chIL-9Rα has less than 25% amino acid homology with mammalian IL-9Rαs. The chIL-9Rα mRNA was abundantly detected only in heart and mitogen-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, 4 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against chIL-9Rα were generated using prokaryotic recombinant chIL-9Rα (rchIL-9Rα). Using anti-chIL-9Rα mAbs, natural chIL-9Rα expressed on the splenocytes of chickens was observed by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and its molecular weight of 51 kDa was identified by Western blotting. Overall, our study reveals for the first time the presence of IL-9Rα in birds, and provides immunological tools for further investigating the roles of chIL-9 in diseases and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjiang He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Huining Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shi Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoli Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shaobin Shang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; International Corporation Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Liang M, Zhang Y, Wang M, Wen Z, Chen C, Bu Y, Lu M, Song X, Xu L, Li X, Yan R. Haemonchus contortus HcL6 promoted the Th9 immune response in goat PBMCs by activating the STAT6/PU.1/NF-κB pathway. Vet Res 2023; 54:80. [PMID: 37740213 PMCID: PMC10517550 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Th9 cells play a crucial role in parasite immunity. The development of Th9 cells is facilitated by several cytokines. Key transcription factors, such as STAT6, STAT5, and PU.1, are known to enhance IL-9 expression during the Th9 immune response. NF-κB-mediated transduction pathways participate in the induction of IL-9. In a previous study, we unveiled a unique ribosomal protein derived from Haemonchus contortus excretory-secretory proteins (HcESPs) that interact with host Th9 cells. In the present study, the effects of the Haemonchus contortus ribosomal protein L6 domain DE-containing protein (HcL6) on IL-9 secretion, Th9 differentiation, and IL-9 transcription were assessed by employing ELISA, flow cytometry, and qPCR methodologies. The observations revealed the transcriptional upregulation of several key genes within the Th9 immune response pathway. Moreover, silencing STAT6, PU.1, and NF-κB was found to attenuate the Th9 immune response. In this study, we unveiled the Th9 immune response-inducing capabilities of HcL6 and elucidated some of its underlying mechanisms. These findings suggest that HcL6 is an immunostimulatory antigen capable of inducing the Th9 immune response. These insights could prove instrumental in identifying potential candidate antigens for the development of immunoprophylactic strategies against H. contortus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaohai Wen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongqian Bu
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang, 212400, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingmin Lu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaokai Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruofeng Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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3
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Alatoom A, ElGindi M, Sapudom J, Teo JCM. The T Cell Journey: A Tour de Force. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200173. [PMID: 36190140 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
T cells act as the puppeteers in the adaptive immune response, and their dysfunction leads to the initiation and progression of pathological conditions. During their lifetime, T cells experience myriad forces that modulate their effector functions. These forces are imposed by interacting cells, surrounding tissues, and shear forces from fluid movement. In this review, a journey with T cells is made, from their development to their unique characteristics, including the early studies that uncovered their mechanosensitivity. Then the studies pertaining to the responses of T cell activation to changes in antigen-presenting cells' physical properties, to their immediate surrounding extracellular matrix microenvironment, and flow conditions are highlighted. In addition, it is explored how pathological conditions like the tumor microenvironment can hinder T cells and allow cancer cells to escape elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseel Alatoom
- Laboratory for Immuno Bioengineering Research and Applications Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Campus, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Department of Mechanical Engineering Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Mei ElGindi
- Laboratory for Immuno Bioengineering Research and Applications Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Campus, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Jiranuwat Sapudom
- Laboratory for Immuno Bioengineering Research and Applications Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Campus, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Jeremy C M Teo
- Laboratory for Immuno Bioengineering Research and Applications Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Campus, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Department of Mechanical Engineering Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
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4
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Huang X, Ran H, Li Y, Ma Q, Ou C, Qiu L, Feng H, Liu W. Leflunomide combined with low-dose prednisone inhibits proinflammatory T cells responses in myasthenia gravis patients. Front Neurol 2022; 13:961628. [PMID: 36164461 PMCID: PMC9508276 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.961628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously found that leflunomide combined with low-dose prednisone rapidly improved the clinical symptoms of myasthenia gravis (MG), but we had not investigated the mechanism of this phenomenon. This study documents the effect of leflunomide combined with low-dose prednisone on pro-inflammatory T cells in MG patients. We compared 32 treated MG patients with 18 controls. We collected peripheral blood before treatment and 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment. We extracted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and stimulated them with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) + ionomycin and quantified IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17, and IL-9 secretion through ELISA. We quantified T helper (Th) cells Th1 (CD3+CD4+IFN-γ+), Th2 (CD3+CD4+IL-4+), Th17 (CD3+CD4+IL-17A+) and Th9 (CD3+CD4+IL-9+) among PBMCs. The treatment significantly reduced IL-17 and IL-9 secretion in peripheral blood but did not affect IFN-γ levels. Significant decreases in IL-17 and IL-9 appeared at week 12, and the trend of change was similar to that of the MG composite score. Flow cytometry indicated that leflunomide combined with low-dose prednisone significantly reduced the frequency of Th1 and Th17 cells. These findings demonstrate the potential of this treatment as an alternative immunosuppressive therapy for MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Ran
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingkai Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changyi Ou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiyu Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huiyu Feng
| | - Weibin Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
- Weibin Liu
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5
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Liang M, Lu M, Aleem MT, Zhang Y, Wang M, Wen Z, Song X, Xu L, Li X, Yan R. Identification of excretory and secretory proteins from Haemonchus contortus inducing a Th9 immune response in goats. Vet Res 2022; 53:36. [PMID: 35597967 PMCID: PMC9123704 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Th9 cells have been shown to play crucial roles in anti-parasite immunity, pathogenic microbe infection, and allergy. Previous studies have demonstrated that Haemonchus contortus excretory and secretory proteins (HcESPs) induce the proliferation of Th9 cells and alter the transcriptional level of IL-9 as well as its related pathways in the Th9 immune response after infection. However, the exact molecule(s) in HcESPs inducing the Th9 immune response is not yet known. In this study, flow cytometry, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and shotgun liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) were used, and a total of 218 proteins from HcESPs that might interact with goat Th9 cells were identified. By in vitro culture of Th9 cells with HcESPs, 40 binding proteins were identified. In vivo, 38, 47, 42 and 142 binding proteins were identified at 7, 15, 35 and 50 days post-infection (dpi), respectively. Furthermore, 2 of the 218 HcESPs, named DNA/RNA helicase domain containing protein (HcDR) and GATA transcription factor (HcGATA), were confirmed to induce the proliferation of Th9 cells and promote the expression of IL-9 when incubated with goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This study represents a proteomics-guided investigation of the interactions between Th9 cells and HcESPs. It provides a new way to explore immunostimulatory antigens among HcESPs and identifies candidates for immune-mediated prevention of H. contortus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingmin Lu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muhammad Tahir Aleem
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaohai Wen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaokai Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruofeng Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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6
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Cameron B, Zaheer SA, Dominguez-Villar M. Control of CD4+ T Cell Differentiation and Function by PI3K Isoforms. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:197-216. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Aimulajiang K, Wen Z, Naqvi MAUH, Liang M, Tian X, Feng K, Muhammad Khand F, Memon MA, Xu L, Song X, Li X, Yan R. Characteristics of Biotin lipoyl attachment and 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase acyltransferase of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus and its modulatory functions on goat PBMCs in vitro. Parasite Immunol 2021; 43:e12895. [PMID: 34674283 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Biotin lipoyl attachment and 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase acyltransferase (BLAODA), as an essential excretion of Haemonchus contortus (HcESPs), was identified to have antigenic functions. T helper-9 (Th9) cells secrete interleukin (IL)-9, a signature cytokine associated with tumour immunology, allergy and autoimmunity. Nonetheless, the understanding of modulatory functions of BLAODA on Th9 and other immune cells is limited. In this study, the BLAODA gene was cloned, and the recombinant (r) protein of BLAODA (rHcBLAODA) was expressed and immunoblotting was performed. The results revealed that HcBLAODA gene was successfully cloned and rHcBLAODA protein was expressed. The localization of rHcBLAODA was confirmed on the surface of gut sections from adult H. contortus. The rHcBLAODA protein capability to react precisely with anti-H. contortus antibodies were confirmed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Further functional analysis showed that interaction of rHcBLAODA with host cells significantly enhanced Th9 cells generation, IL-9 expression, nitric oxide production and cell apoptosis while suppressing the cells proliferation and cells migration depending on the concentration. Overall, these findings suggest that rHcBLAODA protein could modulate the host immune response by inducing Th9 cells to secrete IL-9 cytokine in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalibixiati Aimulajiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaohai Wen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muhammad Ali-Ul-Husnain Naqvi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Liang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowei Tian
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Kangli Feng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Faiz Muhammad Khand
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Sakrand, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Memon
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaokai Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruofeng Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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8
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Aimulajiang K, Wen Z, Tian X, Lakho SA, Zhang Y, Naqvi MAUH, Liang M, Song X, Xu L, Li X, Yan R. Unveiling the Immunomodulatory Characteristics of Haemonchus contortus Ephrin Domain Containing Protein in the Parasite-Host Interactions. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10112137. [PMID: 33213045 PMCID: PMC7698521 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Haemonchus contortus excretory/secretory products (HcESPs) contain many proteins that can perform various functions including modulating the host immune response. Recent studies indicate that IL-9 can be secreted by a specialized population of T cells called Th9 cells, which mediate anti-parasite immunity. Furthermore, HcESPs could enhance goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived Th9 cells production. Ephrin domain containing protein (EPH) was identified as one of the HcESPs that can be isolated from different stages of this helminth. Nonetheless, the understanding of immunomodulatory roles of EPH on Th9 and other immune cells remains limited. In this study, the correlation between recombinant H. contortus Ephrin domain containing protein(rHcEPH)and goat PBMCs significantly enhanced Th9 cells differentiation, IL-9 expression, cell apoptosis efficiency, and cell migration, whereas cell proliferation was suppressed significantly depending on the concentration. Our findings illustrated that rHcEPH protein is linked to modulate the host immune cells and could enhance protective immunity by inducing Th9 cells secreted IL-9 in vitro. Abstract Ephrin domain containing protein (EPH), a significant excreted and secreted product (ESPs) of Haemonchus contortus, has been identified to have antigenic functions. Over the past years, a new subset of CD4 + T named as T helper 9 cells that secrete interleukin-9 (IL-9) as a signature cytokine is associated with tumor immunity and allergy. Nonetheless, the understanding of immunomodulatory roles of EPH on goat Th9 and other immune cells remains limited. Herein, EPH from H. contortus (HcEPH) was cloned and expressed in pET-28a. Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was carried-out to localize rHcEPH within H. contortus adult worms and to bind with goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Besides, the impact of rHcEPH on signature cytokine IL-9 expression in goat PBMCs was evaluated. Flow cytometry was employed to examine Th9 cells production and cell apoptosis. The results revealed success in the expression and localization of rHcEPH in surface of adult H. contortus gut sections. According to IFA analysis, the rHcEPH protein was capable to react precisely with anti-H. contortus antibodies. Further functional analysis showed that correlation between rHcEPH and host PBMCs significantly enhanced Th9 cell differentiation, IL-9 expression, cell apoptosis efficiency, and cell migration, whereas cell proliferation was suppressed significantly depending on the concentration. Our observations indicated that rHcEPH protein is linked to modulate the host immune cells and could enhance protective immunity by inducing Th9 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruofeng Yan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-84395904; Fax: +86-25-84399000
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9
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Bu Y, Cao M, Tian X, Lu M, Li J, Mao D, Yu L, Memon MA, Li C, Xu L, Song X, Yan R, Li X. HcFAR, a functional inhibitor of goat TGF-β1 identified from excretory and secretory products of Haemonchus contortus. Vet Parasitol 2020; 286:109236. [PMID: 32961509 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus has developed complexed and multifaceted mechanisms of immune evasion to enable the survival in the host. Generating excretion and secretion products (ESPs) to subvert or suppress the functions of host cytokines is a newly immune regulatory pattern found during recent years. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has critical immune regulatory functions in nematode infections. In this study, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay was used to identify the goat TGF-β1 binding proteins from HcESPs. The interaction between TGF-β1 and nematode fatty acid retinoid binding domain containing protein of H. contortus (HcFAR) was analyzed by glutathione S-transferase (GST)-pull down assay. The suppressive effect of rHcFAR on TGF-β1-induced immunoglobulin A (IgA) secretion was observed by co-incubation of rHcFAR and TGF-β1 with goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The IgA concentrations were determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Meanwhile, the suppressive effect of rHcFAR on TGF-β1-induced T helper (Th) 9 differentiation was investigated by co-incubation of rHcFAR, TGF-β1 and interleukin (IL)-4 with goats PBMCs. In parallel, IL-4 was replaced by IL-6 to determine the effects on the Th17 differentiation. The transcriptions of IL-9 and IL-17 in PBMCs were then evaluated by real-time PCR. Finally, we found that HcFAR from HcESPs could bind to goat TGF-β1 in vitro. The ELISA results of IgA showed that 40 μg/mL rHcFAR could suppress the IgA secretion of PBMCs induced by TGF-β1. Additionally, rHcFAR (at 10 μg/mL and 20 μg/mL) could inhibit the mRNA transcription of IL-9 induced by TGF-β1 and IL-4. Meanwhile, rHcFAR could also downregulate the transcription of IL-17 induced by TGF-β1 and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicated that HcFAR was a functional inhibitor of goat TGF-β1 and this information may help contribute to understanding of the relationship between the ESPs and host cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqian Bu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Man Cao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Xiaowei Tian
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Mingmin Lu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Junjie Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Dingyi Mao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Lin Yu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Ali Memon
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Charles Li
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States; Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States.
| | - Lixin Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Xiaokai Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Ruofeng Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Xiangrui Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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10
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Varadé J, Magadán S, González-Fernández Á. Human immunology and immunotherapy: main achievements and challenges. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:805-828. [PMID: 32879472 PMCID: PMC7463107 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is a fascinating world of cells, soluble factors, interacting cells, and tissues, all of which are interconnected. The highly complex nature of the immune system makes it difficult to view it as a whole, but researchers are now trying to put all the pieces of the puzzle together to obtain a more complete picture. The development of new specialized equipment and immunological techniques, genetic approaches, animal models, and a long list of monoclonal antibodies, among many other factors, are improving our knowledge of this sophisticated system. The different types of cell subsets, soluble factors, membrane molecules, and cell functionalities are some aspects that we are starting to understand, together with their roles in health, aging, and illness. This knowledge is filling many of the gaps, and in some cases, it has led to changes in our previous assumptions; e.g., adaptive immune cells were previously thought to be unique memory cells until trained innate immunity was observed, and several innate immune cells with features similar to those of cytokine-secreting T cells have been discovered. Moreover, we have improved our knowledge not only regarding immune-mediated illnesses and how the immune system works and interacts with other systems and components (such as the microbiome) but also in terms of ways to manipulate this system through immunotherapy. The development of different types of immunotherapies, including vaccines (prophylactic and therapeutic), and the use of pathogens, monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins, cytokines, and cellular immunotherapies, are changing the way in which we approach many diseases, especially cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jezabel Varadé
- CINBIO, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidade de Vigo, Immunology Group, Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS-Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Susana Magadán
- CINBIO, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidade de Vigo, Immunology Group, Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS-Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - África González-Fernández
- CINBIO, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidade de Vigo, Immunology Group, Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS-Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain.
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11
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Talepoor AG, Fouladseresht H, Khosropanah S, Doroudchi M. Immune-Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: A New Twist in an Old Tale. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:525-545. [DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191016095725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective:Atherosclerosis, a chronic and progressive inflammatory disease, is triggered by the activation of endothelial cells followed by infiltration of innate and adaptive immune cells including monocytes and T cells in arterial walls. Major populations of T cells found in human atherosclerotic lesions are antigen-specific activated CD4+ effectors and/or memory T cells from Th1, Th17, Th2 and Treg subsets. In this review, we will discuss the significance of T cell orchestrated immune inflammation in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.Discussion:Pathogen/oxidative stress/lipid induced primary endothelial wound cannot develop to a full-blown atherosclerotic lesion in the absence of chronically induced inflammation. While the primary inflammatory response might be viewed as a lone innate response, the persistence of such a profound response over time must be (and is) associated with diverse local and systemic T cell responses. The interplay between T cells and innate cells contributes to a phenomenon called immuneinflammation and has an impact on the progression and outcome of the lesion. In recent years immuneinflammation, an old term, has had a comeback in connecting the puzzle pieces of chronic inflammatory diseases.Conclusion:Taking one-step back and looking from afar at the players of immune-inflammation may help us provide a broader perspective of these complicated interactions. This may lead to the identification of new drug targets and the development of new therapies as well as preventative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefe Ghamar Talepoor
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Fouladseresht
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahdad Khosropanah
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Doroudchi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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12
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Shamsdin SA, Alborzi A, Ghaderi A, Lankrani KB, Pouladfar GR. Significance of TC9 and TH9 in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis. Helicobacter 2020; 25:e12672. [PMID: 31803999 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND H pylori plays a critical role in the development of stomach cancer, especially in people affected by the bacteria at an early stage of life. Th9 cells and IL-9 play major roles in immune responses against various infections. IL-9 is influential in chronic or acute inflammation of the mucosa. AIM This study seeks to investigate the possible functions of Tc9, Th9 cells, and IL-9 level in patients with inflammation due to H pylori infection. METHODS Eighty-three patients with dyspepsia symptoms and twenty normal subjects with no sign and symptoms of dyspepsia were recruited. Frequencies of T-cell subsets were determined by flow cytometry. Levels of cytokines IL-9 family in the sera and supernatants of antigen-activated PBMCs patients were measured by ELISA and flow cytometry. RESULTS The participants included 56 females and 47 males with a mean age of 39.2 ± 15.3 years. We assigned the infected group into peptic ulcer and gastritis (chronic active and chronic). Frequencies of Tc9, Th17, Tc17, Th17/9, and Tc17/9 increased significantly in the peptic ulcer, chronic active, and chronic gastritis, compared with the uninfected and healthy control groups. A significant increase was seen in IL-9, IL-4, and IL-23 in the chronic active gastritis. Further observed was a significant increase in IL-21 and a decrease in IL-10 in the infected groups. CONCLUSION The results revealed that increased Tc9, Th17/9, and Tc17/9 cells appear to be influential in the progression and severity of H pylori infection. Also, increased IL-9 and IL-4 levels and Tc9, Tc17/9, and Th17/9 were seen in chronic active gastritis patients. These findings may provide useful information for a therapeutic targeting of chronic active H pylori infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Azra Shamsdin
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdolvahab Alborzi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamran B Lankrani
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Pouladfar
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Khurana S, Bhardwaj N, Kumar S, Sagar S, Pal R, Soni KD, Aggarwal R, Malhotra R, Mathur P. Crosstalk between T Helper Cell Subsets and Their Roles in Immunopathogenesis and Outcome of Polytrauma Patients. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020; 24:1037-1044. [PMID: 33384508 PMCID: PMC7751033 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose One of the leading causes of morbidity and early-age mortality across the globe is trauma. It disrupts immune system homeostasis and intensely affects the innate and adaptive immune responses, predisposing patients to posttrauma complications and poor outcomes. Most of the studies on posttrauma cellular immune response have been centered on the T helper-1-T helper-2 imbalances after trauma. This study was conducted to understand the role of circulating novel T helper cells in the acute posttraumatic period and clinical outcome of trauma patients. Materials and methods Signature cytokines and transcription factors of circulating Th (T helper)-9, Th-17, Th-22, and regulatory T helper cells were studied using flowcytometry along with serum biomarkers in 49 patients with polytraumatic injuries admitted to a tertiary care hospital. The patients were followed up until their outcome. The results were correlated with their clinical outcomes. Results In patients who died, higher nTreg, iTreg, Tr1 (early-phase), and higher IRF4+Th-9, IL17+ Th-17, and RORγT+ Th-17 (mid-phase) were seen. However, by the late phase, only RORγT+ Th-17 remained higher. Serum IL-6 and PCT were found to be consistently higher. In survivors, higher Th-3 (early phase), Th-22 (mid-phase), and IRF4+Th-9, IL17+ Th-17, nTreg, Th-3 (late phase) were observed to have played a protective role. Serum IL-2, IL-4, IL-17A and IL-22 were significantly higher in survivors. Conclusion Different T helper subsets were observed to be playing pathogenic and protective roles in different phases of trauma and could be used for early prognostication and make way for noninvasive management of critically injured trauma patients by immunomodulation. How to cite this article Khurana S, Bhardwaj N, Kumar S, Sagar S, Pal R, Soni KD, et al. Crosstalk between T Helper Cell Subsets and Their Roles in Immunopathogenesis and Outcome of Polytrauma Patients. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(11):1037–1044.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Khurana
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, JPNA Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nidhi Bhardwaj
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, JPNA Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Critical Care, JPNA Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushma Sagar
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Critical Care, JPNA Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Pal
- Immunoendocrinology Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kapil Dev Soni
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, JPNA Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Richa Aggarwal
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, JPNA Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Malhotra
- Department of Orthopedics, JPNA Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Purva Mathur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, JPNA Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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14
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Shen Y, Song Z, Lu X, Ma Z, Lu C, Zhang B, Chen Y, Duan M, Apetoh L, Li X, Guo J, Miao Y, Zhang G, Yang D, Cai Z, Wang J. Fas signaling-mediated T H9 cell differentiation favors bowel inflammation and antitumor functions. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2924. [PMID: 31266950 PMCID: PMC6606754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10889-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fas induces apoptosis in activated T cell to maintain immune homeostasis, but the effects of non-apoptotic Fas signaling on T cells remain unclear. Here we show that Fas promotes TH9 cell differentiation by activating NF-κB via Ca2+-dependent PKC-β activation. In addition, PKC-β also phosphorylates p38 to inactivate NFAT1 and reduce NFAT1-NF-κB synergy to promote the Fas-induced TH9 transcription program. Fas ligation exacerbates inflammatory bowel disease by increasing TH9 cell differentiation, and promotes antitumor activity in p38 inhibitor-treated TH9 cells. Furthermore, low-dose p38 inhibitor suppresses tumor growth without inducing systemic adverse effects. In patients with tumor, relatively high TH9 cell numbers are associated with good prognosis. Our study thus implicates Fas in CD4+ T cells as a target for inflammatory bowel disease therapy. Furthermore, simultaneous Fas ligation and low-dose p38 inhibition may be an effective approach for TH9 cell induction and cancer therapy. Fas signalling induces apoptosis of activated T cells to maintain immune homeostasis. Here the authors show that Fas also induces PKC-β activation to promote NF-κB-mediated TH9 cell differentiation, while p38 activation by PKC-β antagonizes this effect, thereby supporting a synergy between p38 inhibitor and Fas for TH9 differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shen
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, 310003, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Immunology and Department of Orthopaedics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengbo Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 310022, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinliang Lu
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Ma
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaojie Lu
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinghu Chen
- Division of Infection Disease, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Neonatal Diseases, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310006, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Duan
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lionel Apetoh
- INSERM, U866, Dijon, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, 21000, France
| | - Xu Li
- School of Life Science, Westlake University, 310024, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jufeng Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310006, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Miao
- Clinical Trial Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, 266011, Qingdao, China
| | - Gensheng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Diya Yang
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Cai
- Institute of Immunology and Department of Orthopaedics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jianli Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China. .,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, 310003, Hangzhou, China.
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15
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Ayakannu R, Abdullah NA, Radhakrishnan AK, Lechimi Raj V, Liam CK. Relationship between various cytokines implicated in asthma. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:755-763. [PMID: 31054782 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a complex disorder involving immunologic, environmental, genetic and other factors. Today, asthma is the most common disease encountered in clinical medicine in both children and adults worldwide. Asthma is characterized by increased responsiveness of the tracheobronchial tree resulting in chronic swelling and inflammation of the airways recognized to be controlled by the T-helper 2 (Th2) lymphocytes, which secrete cytokines to increase the production of IgE by B cells. There are many cytokines implicated in the development of the chronic inflammatory processes that are often observed in asthma. Ultimately, these cytokines cause the release of mediators such as histamine and leukotrienes (LT), which in turn promote airway remodeling, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and bronchoconstriction. The CD4+ T-lymphocytes from the airways of asthmatics express a panel of cytokines that represent the Th2 cells. The knowledge derived from numerous experimental and clinical studies have allowed physicians and scientists to understand the normal functions of these cytokines and their roles in the pathogenesis of asthma. The main focus of this review is to accentuate the relationship between various cytokines implicated in human asthma. However, some key findings from animal models will be highlighted to support the discoveries from clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathimalar Ayakannu
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N A Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ammu K Radhakrishnan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Vijaya Lechimi Raj
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - C K Liam
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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16
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Jafarzadeh A, Nemati M. Therapeutic potentials of ginger for treatment of Multiple sclerosis: A review with emphasis on its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 324:54-75. [PMID: 30243185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by chronic inflammatory response-induced demyelination of the neurons and degeneration of the axons within the central nervous system (CNS). A complex network of immunopathological-, inflammatory- and oxidative parameters involve in the development and advancement of MS. The anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti-oxidative characteristics of the ginger and several of its components have been indicated in some of experimental and clinical investigations. The possible therapeutic potentials of ginger and its ingredients in the treatment of MS may exert mainly through the regulation of the Th1-, Th2-, Th9-, Th17-, Th22- and Treg cell-related immune responses, down-regulation of the B cell-related immune responses, modulation of the macrophages-related responses, modulation of the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, down-regulation of the arachidonic acid-derived mediators, interfering with the toll like receptor-related signaling pathways, suppression of the inflammasomes, down-regulation of the oxidative stress, reduction of the adhesion molecules expression, and down-regulation of the expression of the chemokines and chemokine receptors. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive knowledge regarding the immunomodulatory-, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties of ginger and its components, and highlight novel insights into the possible therapeutic potentials of this plant for treatment of MS. The review encourages more investigations to consider the therapeutic potentials of ginger and its effective components for managing of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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17
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Li Y, Yu Q, Zhang Z, Wang J, Li S, Zhang J, Liu G. TH9 cell differentiation, transcriptional control and function in inflammation, autoimmune diseases and cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:71001-71012. [PMID: 27589682 PMCID: PMC5342605 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Naïve CD4+T cells differentiate into various T cell subsets depending on the specific cytokine environment. TH9 cells are less well-characterized than other T cell subsets, and factors that control their development and function have only recently been identified. It is now clear that TH9 cells play critical roles in immune-mediated diseases, including allergic airway, autoimmune and inflammatory bowel diseases, and cancer. Thus, the promotion or suppression of TH9 cell differentiation, transcriptional control and function may provide novel treatments for clinical inflammation, autoimmune diseases and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Simin Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Jafarzadeh A, Larussa T, Nemati M, Jalapour S. T cell subsets play an important role in the determination of the clinical outcome of Helicobacter pylori infection. Microb Pathog 2018; 116:227-236. [PMID: 29407232 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most prevalent human pathogen and a persistent infection with this bacterium causes common pathologies, such as gastritis or peptic ulcers, and also less common but more serious pathologies, such as gastric cancer or gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. The clinical outcome of gastrointestinal infection sustained by H. pylori is determined by the reciprocal interactions between virulence factors of the bacterium and host factors, including immune response genes. Although H. pylori induces a strong immune response, the bacterium is not eliminated. The eradication failure could be attributed to the bacterial capability to regulate helper T (Th) cell-related responses. H. pylori specific CD4+ T cells play a fundamental role in regulating host immunity and immunopathologic events. It has been documented that Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22 and T regulatory (Treg) cells, separately or in coordination with each other, can affect the outcome of the infection sustained by of H. pylori. Some studies indicated that both Th1 and Th17 cells may be protective or pathogenic, whereas Treg and Th2 cells perform anti-inflammatory impacts during H. pylori infection. This review gathers recent information regarding the association of the CD4+ T cells-mediated immunological responses and the clinical consequence of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Tiziana Larussa
- Department of Health Science, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shila Jalapour
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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19
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Brummelman J, Pilipow K, Lugli E. The Single-Cell Phenotypic Identity of Human CD8+ and CD4+ T Cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 341:63-124. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Invasion of Dendritic Cells, Macrophages and Neutrophils by the Bordetella Adenylate Cyclase Toxin: A Subversive Move to Fool Host Immunity. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9100293. [PMID: 28934122 PMCID: PMC5666340 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9100293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) is released in the course of B. pertussis infection in the host’s respiratory tract in order to suppress its early innate and subsequent adaptive immune defense. CD11b-expressing dendritic cells (DC), macrophages and neutrophils are professional phagocytes and key players of the innate immune system that provide a first line of defense against invading pathogens. Recent findings revealed the capacity of B. pertussis CyaA to intoxicate DC with high concentrations of 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which ultimately skews the host immune response towards the expansion of Th17 cells and regulatory T cells. CyaA-induced cAMP signaling swiftly incapacitates opsonophagocytosis, oxidative burst and NO-mediated killing of bacteria by neutrophils and macrophages. The subversion of host immune responses by CyaA after delivery into DC, macrophages and neutrophils is the subject of this review.
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21
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Jia L, Wang Y, Li J, Li S, Zhang Y, Shen J, Tan W, Wu C. Detection of IL-9 producing T cells in the PBMCs of allergic asthmatic patients. BMC Immunol 2017; 18:38. [PMID: 28724400 PMCID: PMC5517817 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-017-0220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-9 (IL-9) was reported as an active participant in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. This study aimed to investigate the major source ofIL-9 and its effect on interferon γ (IFN-γ) and immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion by B cells. METHODS We isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from children with allergic asthma and healthy children. IL-9, IL-4 and IFN-γ expression were detected by ELISA, ELISpot and Flowcytometry. Expression of transcription factor PU.1 was measured by Western Blot. We evaluated the effect of IL-9 on B cell activation and Ig production. RESULTS Results showed that compared with healthy children, levels of IL-9, IL-4 and PU.1 were elevated and levels of IFN-γ were lower in children with allergic asthma. IL-9-expressing CD4+ T cells did not co-express IL-4. Exogenous IL-9 inhibited IFN-γ production in a dose-dependent manner. Antigen-specific Th9 cells existed in children with house dust mite allergic asthma. IL-9 up-regulated expression of CD69 and CD25 on B cells and combination of IL-9 and IL-4 enhanced IgE production. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our results showed that Th9 cells may be the major source of IL-9 in children with allergic asthma. In these patients, IL-9 impairs IFN-γ production and synergistically promotes IL-4-induced IgE secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jia
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510600, China
| | - Jiangping Li
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yannan Zhang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Juan Shen
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Weiping Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Changyou Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Qiao J, Li X, Wu Y, Wu X, Zhu F, Liu N, Qi K, Cheng H, Li D, Sun H, Zeng L, Xu K. An increased expression profile of Th9/IL-9 correlated with Th17/IL-17 in patients with immune thrombocytopenia. Platelets 2016; 28:287-294. [PMID: 27662073 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2016.1218454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Qiao
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yulu Wu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Tengzhou, China
| | - Kunming Qi
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hai Cheng
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Depeng Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Haiying Sun
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lingyu Zeng
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kailin Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou, China
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T Helper Lymphocyte Subsets and Plasticity in Autoimmunity and Cancer: An Overview. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:327470. [PMID: 26583100 PMCID: PMC4637008 DOI: 10.1155/2015/327470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In response to cytokine signalling and other factors, CD4-positive T lymphocytes differentiate into distinct populations that are characterized by the production of certain cytokines and are controlled by different master transcription factors. The spectrum of such populations, which was initially limited to Th1 and Th2 subsets, is currently broadened to include Th17 and Treg subsets, as well as a number of less studied subtypes, such as Tfh, Th9, and Th22. Although these subsets appear to be relatively stable, certain plasticity exists that allows for transition between the subsets and formation of hybrid transition forms. This provides the immune system flexibility needed for adequate response to pathogens but, at the same time, can play a role in the pathogenic processes in cases of deregulation. In this review, we will discuss the properties of T lymphocyte subsets and their plasticity, as well as its implications for cancer and autoimmune diseases.
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The Potential Role of Th9 Cell Related Cytokine and Transcription Factors in Patients with Hepatic Alveolar Echinococcosis. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:895416. [PMID: 26509179 PMCID: PMC4609816 DOI: 10.1155/2015/895416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a lethal parasitic infectious disease which may lead to liver failure if left untreated. It is caused by the larval stage of the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis and usually develops a substantial infiltrative occupation in solid organs. During the infection, T helper subsets are known to play crucial role in crosstalk between the parasite and human host. Th9 cells, a new member of CD4+ T cell family which is characterized by its specific cytokine IL-9 and transcription factors PU.1 and IRF-4, have been known recently to have a critical role in allergic diseases, and cancers as well as the parasitic infection. To assess the potential role of Th9 cells during the infection, the mRNA levels of IL-9, PU.1, and IRF-4 both in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in liver tissues were, respectively, detected by using real-time PCR. The plasma concentration levels of IL-9 were detected by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Th9 related cytokine IL-9 and transcription factors PU.1 and IRF-4 mRNA levels elevated both in PBMCs, and in hepatic lesion and paralesion tissues in AE patients. This may facilitate the infiltrative growth of the parasite and its persistence in human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Taleb
- INSERM UMR-S 970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center - PARCC, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 56 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Alain Tedgui
- INSERM UMR-S 970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center - PARCC, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 56 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
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Wang JX, Guo XY, Jiang HX, Luo W, Chen M, Lu DH, Cen Y. Circulatory Th9 cells in patients with hepatitis B associated liver cirrhosis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:1736-1744. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i11.1736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the phenotype and function of circulatory T-helper 9 (Th9) cells in patients with hepatitis B associated liver cirrhosis, as well as the impact of the macrophage inflammatory protein 3a (MIP-3a, CCL20)/CCR6 axis on Th9 cell expression.
METHODS: Peripheral blood and liver tissue samples were collected from 18 patients with hepatitis B associated cirrhosis and 6 healthy donors. Expression and phenotype of Th9 cells in the peripheral blood were tested by flow cytometry. Serum interleukin-9 (IL-9) and CCL20 levels were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of CCR6 and CCL20 proteins in liver tissues.
RESULTS: Compared with normal controls, the frequency of Th9 cells in the hepatitis B-associated cirrhosis group and serum level of IL-9 significantly increased. The levels of Th9 cells and IL-9 were associated with severity of liver cirrhosis. In addition, expression of CCR4 and CCR6 chemokine receptors in Th9 cells was significantly increased. Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of CCL20 and CCR6 proteins was significantly increased in the hepatitis B associated cirrhosis group.
CONCLUSION: Th9 cells may be involved in the development and progression of hepatitis B associated liver cirrhosis, and the CCL20/CCR6 axis may play a role in Th9 cell infiltration in liver tissue.
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