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Bhatt IS, Garay JAR, Torkamani A, Dias R. DNA Methylation Patterns Associated with Tinnitus in Young Adults-A Pilot Study. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2024:10.1007/s10162-024-00961-2. [PMID: 39147981 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-024-00961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tinnitus, the perception of sound without any external sound source, is a prevalent hearing health concern. Mounting evidence suggests that a confluence of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors can influence the pathogenesis of tinnitus. We hypothesized that alteration in DNA methylation, an epigenetic modification that occurs at cytosines of cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) dinucleotide sites, where a methyl group from S-adenyl methionine gets transferred to the fifth carbon of the cytosine, could contribute to tinnitus. DNA methylation patterns are tissue-specific, but the tissues involved in tinnitus are not easily accessible in humans. This pilot study used saliva as a surrogate tissue to identify differentially methylated CpG regions (DMRs) associated with tinnitus. The study was conducted on healthy young adults reporting bilateral continuous chronic tinnitus to limit the influence of age-related confounding factors and health-related comorbidities. METHODS The present study evaluated the genome-wide methylation levels from saliva-derived DNA samples from 24 healthy young adults with bilateral continuous chronic tinnitus (> 1 year) and 24 age, sex, and ethnicity-matched controls with no tinnitus. Genome-wide DNA methylation was evaluated for > 850,000 CpG sites using the Infinium Human Methylation EPIC BeadChip. The association analysis used the Bumphunter algorithm on 23 cases and 20 controls meeting the quality control standards. The methylation level was expressed as the area under the curve of CpG sites within DMRs.The FDR-adjusted p-value threshold of 0.05 was used to identify statistically significant DMRs associated with tinnitus. RESULTS We obtained 25 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with tinnitus. Genes within or in the proximity of the hypermethylated DMRs related to tinnitus included LCLAT1, RUNX1, RUFY1, NUDT12, TTC23, SLC43A2, C4orf27 (STPG2), and EFCAB4B. Genes within or in the proximity of hypomethylated DMRs associated with tinnitus included HLA-DPB2, PM20D1, TMEM18, SNTG2, MUC4, MIR886, MIR596, TXNRD1, EID3, SDHAP3, HLA-DPB2, LASS3 (CERS3), C10orf11 (LRMDA), HLA-DQB1, NADK, SZRD1, MFAP2, NUP210L, TPM3, INTS9, and SLC2A14. The burden of genetic variation could explain the differences in the methylation levels for DMRs involving HLA-DPB2, HLA-DQB1, and MUC4, indicating the need for replication in large independent cohorts. CONCLUSION Consistent with the literature on comorbidities associated with tinnitus, we identified genes within or close to DMRs involved in auditory functions, chemical dependency, cardiovascular diseases, psychiatric conditions, immune disorders, and metabolic syndromes. These results indicate that epigenetic mechanisms could influence tinnitus, and saliva can be a good surrogate for identifying the epigenetic underpinnings of tinnitus in humans. Further research with a larger sample size is needed to identify epigenetic biomarkers and investigate their influence on the phenotypic expression of tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Sunilkumar Bhatt
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Juan Antonio Raygoza Garay
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Ali Torkamani
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Raquel Dias
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
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Kim DM, Lee SY, Lim JC, Cho EH, Park UJ. RUNX3 regulates the susceptibility against EGFR-targeted non-small cell lung cancer therapy using 47Sc-conjugated cetuximab. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:652. [PMID: 37438719 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radioimmunotherapy with cetuximab and conjugates with various radioisotopes is a feasible treatment option for different tumor models. Scandium-47 (47Sc), one of several β--particle-emitting radioisotopes, displays favorable physical and chemical properties for conjugation to monoclonal antibodies. However, the therapeutic efficacy of 47Sc in preclinical and clinical studies is largely unknown. Given that intrinsic alterations in tumors greatly contribute to resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy, research on overcoming resistance to radioimmunotherapy using cetuximab is required. METHODS 47Sc was produced by irradiation of a CaCO3 target at the HANARO research reactor in KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) and prepared by chromatographic separation of the irradiated target. Cetuximab was conjugated with 47Sc using the bifunctional chelating agent DTPA. Radiochemical purity was determined using instant thin-layer chromatography. The immunoreactivity of 47Sc-DTPA-cetuximab was evaluated using the Lindmo method and an in vitro cell-binding assay. The inhibitory effects of cetuximab and 47Sc-DTPA-cetuximab were confirmed using cell growth inhibition and BrdU cell proliferation assays. Differences in protein expression levels between cetuximab- and 47Sc-DTPA-cetuximab-treated cells were confirmed using western blotting. Complex formation between RUNX3 and DNA repair components was confirmed using immunoprecipitation and western blotting. RESULTS Cetuximab induces cell cycle arrest and cell death in EGFR-overexpressing NSCLC cells. Radiolabeling of cetuximab with 47Sc led to increased therapeutic efficacy relative to cetuximab alone. Application of 47Sc-DTPA-cetuximab induced DNA damage responses, and activation of RUNX3 significantly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of 47Sc-DTPA-cetuximab. RUNX3 mediated susceptibility to EGFR-targeted NSCLC therapy using 47Sc-DTPA-cetuximab via interaction with components of the DNA damage and repair machinery. CONCLUSIONS 47Sc-DTPA-cetuximab promoted cell death in EGFR-overexpressing NSCLC cells by targeting EGFR and inducing DNA damage as a result of β irradiation emitted from the conjugated 47Sc. Activation of RUNX3 played a key role in DNA damage and repair processes in response to the ionizing radiation and inhibited cell growth, thus leading to more effective tumor suppression. RUNX3 can potentially moderate susceptibility to 47Sc-conjugated cetuximab by modulating DNA damage and repair process mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Mi Kim
- Radioisotope Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea.
| | - So-Young Lee
- Radioisotope Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Cheong Lim
- Radioisotope Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Cho
- Radioisotope Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Ul-Jae Park
- Radioisotope Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
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RUNX Proteins as Epigenetic Modulators in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223687. [PMID: 36429115 PMCID: PMC9688118 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX proteins are highly conserved in metazoans and perform critical functions during development. Dysregulation of RUNX proteins through various molecular mechanisms facilitates the development and progression of various cancers, where different RUNX proteins show tumor type-specific functions and regulate different aspects of tumorigenesis by cross-talking with different signaling pathways such as Wnt, TGF-β, and Hippo. Molecularly, they could serve as transcription factors (TFs) to activate their direct target genes or interact with many other TFs to modulate chromatin architecture globally. Here, we review the current knowledge on the functions and regulations of RUNX proteins in different cancer types and highlight their potential role as epigenetic modulators in cancer.
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Wang L, Feng J, Deng Y, Yang Q, Wei Q, Ye D, Rong X, Guo J. CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Proteins in Fibrosis: Complex Roles Beyond Conventional Understanding. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:9891689. [PMID: 36299447 PMCID: PMC9575473 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9891689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) are a family of at least six identified transcription factors that contain a highly conserved basic leucine zipper domain and interact selectively with duplex DNA to regulate target gene expression. C/EBPs play important roles in various physiological processes, and their abnormal function can lead to various diseases. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that aberrant C/EBP expression or activity is closely associated with the onset and progression of fibrosis in several organs and tissues. During fibrosis, various C/EBPs can exert distinct functions in the same organ, while the same C/EBP can exert distinct functions in different organs. Modulating C/EBP expression or activity could regulate various molecular processes to alleviate fibrosis in multiple organs; therefore, novel C/EBPs-based therapeutic methods for treating fibrosis have attracted considerable attention. In this review, we will explore the features of C/EBPs and their critical functions in fibrosis in order to highlight new avenues for the development of novel therapies targeting C/EBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Feng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyue Deng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quxing Wei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dewei Ye
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhou C, Cui Y, Yang Y, Guo D, Zhang D, Fan Y, Li X, Zou J, Xie J. Runx1 protects against the pathological progression of osteoarthritis. Bone Res 2021; 9:50. [PMID: 34876557 PMCID: PMC8651727 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor-1 (Runx1) is required for chondrocyte-to-osteoblast lineage commitment by enhancing both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis during vertebrate development. However, the potential role of Runx1 in joint diseases is not well known. In the current study, we aimed to explore the role of Runx1 in osteoarthritis induced by anterior cruciate ligament transaction (ACLT) surgery. We showed that chondrocyte-specific Runx1 knockout (Runx1f/fCol2a1-Cre) aggravated cartilage destruction by accelerating the loss of proteoglycan and collagen II in early osteoarthritis. Moreover, we observed thinning and ossification of the growth plate, a decrease in chondrocyte proliferative capacity and the loss of bone matrix around the growth plate in late osteoarthritis. We overexpressed Runx1 by adeno-associated virus (AAV) in articular cartilage and identified its protective effect by slowing the destruction of osteoarthritis in cartilage in early osteoarthritis and alleviating the pathological progression of growth plate cartilage in late osteoarthritis. ChIP-seq analysis identified new targets that interacted with Runx1 in cartilage pathology, and we confirmed the direct interactions of these factors with Runx1 by ChIP-qPCR. This study helps us to understand the function of Runx1 in osteoarthritis and provides new clues for targeted osteoarthritis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujia Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daimo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Demao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zou
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Rodríguez-Pérez JM, Posadas-Sánchez R, Vargas-Alarcón G, Blachman-Braun R, García-Flores E, Cazarín-Santos BG, Castillo-Avila RG, Borgonio-Cuadra VM, Tovilla-Zárate CA, González-Castro TB, López-Bautista F, Pérez-Hernández N. The rs46522 Polymorphism of the Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme E2Z Gene Is Associated with Abnormal Metabolic Parameters in Patients with Myocardial Infarction: The Genetics of Atherosclerosis Disease Mexican Study. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:1155-1161. [PMID: 32392439 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The participation of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2Z (UBE2Z) in atherosclerosis has been reported. We aimed to evaluate the association of the rs46522 polymorphism of the UBE2Z gene with myocardial infarction (MI) and other clinical and metabolic components in the Mexican population. A total of 2128 individuals (1023 patients with MI and 1105 healthy controls) were included. rs46522 was genotyped using the 5' exonuclease TaqMan genotyping assay. A similar polymorphism distribution was observed between patients and healthy controls. The association between rs46522 polymorphism and cardiometabolic parameters was evaluated separately in the two groups. In the control group, rs46522 polymorphism was associated with increased risk of developing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥130 mg/dL (odds ratio [OR] = 1.249, padditive = 0.018; OR = 1.479, precessive = 0.015; OR = 1.589, pcodominant 2 = 0.013). On the other hand, in MI patients, it was observed that rs46522 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of developing high levels of alanine transaminase (OR = 1.297, pheterozygote = 0.043) and aspartate transaminase (OR = 1.453, pdominant = 0.009; OR = 1.592, pheterozygote = 0.001; OR = 1.632, pcodominant 1 = 0.001). Our results suggest that the UBE2Z gene rs46522 polymorphism is associated with abnormal metabolic parameters in Mexican patients with MI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Department of Molecular Biology and Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruben Blachman-Braun
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Esbeidy García-Flores
- Department of Molecular Biology and Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Rosa Giannina Castillo-Avila
- Department of Molecular Biology and Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.,Academic Division of Health Sciences, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zárate
- Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Comalcalco, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Thelma Beatriz González-Castro
- Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Fabiola López-Bautista
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nonanzit Pérez-Hernández
- Department of Molecular Biology and Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Exosome-derived miR-339-5p mediates radiosensitivity by targeting Cdc25A in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2019; 38:4990-5006. [PMID: 30858545 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells associated with radioresistance are likely to give rise to local recurrence and distant metastatic relapse. However, it remains unclear whether specific miRNAs have direct roles in radioresistance and/or prognosis. In this study, we find that miR-339-5p promotes radiosensitivity, and is downregulated in radioresistant subpopulations of esophageal cancer cells. Notably, miR-339-5p was selectively secreted into blood via exosomes, and that higher serum miR-339-5p levels were positively associated with radiotherapy sensitivity and good survival. Moreover, miR-339-5p expression was downregulated in the T3/T4 stage compared with T1/T2 stage in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients (P = 0.04), and low miR-339-5p expression in tissue was significantly associated with poor overall survival (P = 0.036) and disease-free survival (P = 0.037). Overexpression of miR-339-5p enhanced radiosensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, miR-339-5p enhances radiosensitivity by targeting Cdc25A, and is transcriptionally regulated by Runx3. Correlations were observed between miR-339-5p levels and Cdc25A/Runx3 levels in tissue samples. Intriguingly, combined analysis of miR-339-5p expression with Runx3 increased the separation of the survival curves obtained for either gene alone in the TCGA datasets (P = 0.009). Overall, exosome-derived miR-339-5p mediates radiosensitivity through downregulation of Cdc25A, and predicts pathological response to preoperative radiotherapy in locally advanced ESCC, suggesting it could be a promising non-invasive biomarker for facilitating personalized treatments.
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RUNX Poly(ADP-Ribosyl)ation and BLM Interaction Facilitate the Fanconi Anemia Pathway of DNA Repair. Cell Rep 2018; 24:1747-1755. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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The Special AT-rich Sequence Binding Protein 1 (SATB1) and its role in solid tumors. Cancer Lett 2018; 417:96-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Krishnan V, Chong YL, Tan TZ, Kulkarni M, Bin Rahmat MB, Tay LS, Sankar H, Jokhun DS, Ganesan A, Chuang LSH, Voon DC, Shivashankar GV, Thiery JP, Ito Y. TGFβ Promotes Genomic Instability after Loss of RUNX3. Cancer Res 2017; 78:88-102. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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