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Moon S, Hong J, Go S, Kim BS. Immunomodulation for Tissue Repair and Regeneration. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:389-409. [PMID: 36920675 PMCID: PMC10219918 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Various immune cells participate in repair and regeneration following tissue injury or damage, orchestrating tissue inflammation and regeneration processes. A deeper understanding of the immune system's involvement in tissue repair and regeneration is critical for the development of successful reparatory and regenerative strategies. Here we review recent technologies that facilitate cell-based and biomaterial-based modulation of the immune systems for tissue repair and regeneration. First, we summarize the roles of various types of immune cells in tissue repair. Second, we review the principle, examples, and limitations of regulatory T (Treg) cell-based therapy, a representative cell-based immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss biomaterial-based immunotherapy strategies that aim to modulate immune cells using various biomaterials for tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjun Moon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Hong
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhyeong Go
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Chemical Processes, Institute of Engineering Research, BioMAX, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Lin N, Yin W, Miller H, Byazrova MG, Herrada AA, Benlagha K, Lee P, Guan F, Lei J, Gong Q, Yan Y, Filatov A, Liu C. The role of regulatory T cells and follicular T helper cells in HBV infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1169601. [PMID: 37275865 PMCID: PMC10235474 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1169601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B has become one of the major global health threats, especially in developing countries and regions. Hepatitis B virus infection greatly increases the risk for liver diseases such as cirrhosis and cancer. However, treatment for hepatitis B is limited when considering the huge base of infected people. The immune response against hepatitis B is mediated mainly by CD8+ T cells, which are key to fighting invading viruses, while regulatory T cells prevent overreaction of the immune response process. Additionally, follicular T helper cells play a key role in B-cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, and formation of germinal centers. The pathogenic process of hepatitis B virus is generally the result of a disorder or dysfunction of the immune system. Therefore, we present in this review the critical functions and related biological processes of regulatory T cells and follicular T helper cells during HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengqi Lin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heather Miller
- Department of Research and Development, BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Maria G. Byazrova
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrés A. Herrada
- Lymphatic Vasculature and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Kamel Benlagha
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, Paris, France
| | - Pamela Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fei Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Youqing Yan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Wuhan No.7 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Alexander Filatov
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Jung M, Lee S, Park S, Hong J, Kim C, Cho I, Sohn HS, Kim K, Park IW, Yoon S, Kwon S, Shin J, Lee D, Kang M, Go S, Moon S, Chung Y, Kim Y, Kim BS. A Therapeutic Nanovaccine that Generates Anti-Amyloid Antibodies and Amyloid-specific Regulatory T Cells for Alzheimer's Disease. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207719. [PMID: 36329674 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is a complex condition characterized by multiple pathophysiological mechanisms including amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque accumulation and neuroinflammation in the brain. The current immunotherapy approaches, such as anti-Aβ monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy, Aβ vaccines, and adoptive regulatory T (Treg) cell transfer, target a single pathophysiological mechanism, which may lead to unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, Aβ vaccines often induce T helper 1 (Th1) cell-mediated inflammatory responses. Here, a nanovaccine composed of lipid nanoparticles loaded with Aβ peptides and rapamycin is developed, which targets multiple pathophysiological mechanisms, exhibits the combined effects of anti-Aβ antibody therapy and adoptive Aβ-specific Treg cell transfer, and can overcome the limitations of current immunotherapy approaches for AD. The Nanovaccine effectively delivers rapamycin and Aβ peptides to dendritic cells, produces both anti-Aβ antibodies and Aβ-specific Treg cells, removes Aβ plaques in the brain, alleviates neuroinflammation, prevents Th1 cell-mediated excessive immune responses, and inhibits cognitive impairment in mice. The nanovaccine shows higher efficacy in cognitive recovery than an Aβ vaccine. Unlike anti-Aβ mAb therapy and adoptive Treg cell transfer, both of which require complicated and costly manufacturing processes, the nanovaccine is easy-to-prepare and cost-effective. The nanovaccines can represent a novel treatment option for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mungyo Jung
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Songmin Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohui Park
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Hong
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheesue Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Illhwan Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Su Sohn
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - In Wook Park
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Soljee Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungpil Kwon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghee Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhyung Go
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjun Moon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Chemical Processes, Institute of Engineering Research, BioMAX, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Chen Z, Lan H, Liao Z, Huang J, Jian X, Hu J, Liao H. Regulatory T cells-centered regulatory networks of skeletal muscle inflammation and regeneration. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:112. [PMID: 35869487 PMCID: PMC9308315 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
As the understanding of skeletal muscle inflammation is increasingly clarified, the role of Treg cells in the treatment of skeletal muscle diseases has attracted more attention in recent years. A consensus has been reached that the regulation of Treg cells is the key to completing the switch of inflammation and repair of skeletal muscle, whose presence directly determine the repairing quality of the injured skeletal muscle. However, the functioning process of Treg cells remains unreported, thereby making it necessary to summarize the current role of Treg cells in skeletal muscle. In this review, the characteristics, origins, and cellular kinetics of these Treg cells are firstly described; Then, the relationship between Treg cells and muscle satellite cells (MuSCs), conventional T cells (Tconv) is discussed (the former is involved in the entire repair and regeneration process, while the latter matters considerably in causing most skeletal muscle autoimmune diseases); Next, focus is placed on the control of Treg cells on the phenotypic switch of macrophages, which is the key to the switch of inflammation; Finally, factors regulating the functional process of Treg cells are analyzed, and a regulatory network centered on Treg cells is summarized. The present study summarizes the cell-mediated interactions in skeletal muscle repair over the past decade, and elucidates the central role of regulatory T cells in this process, so that other researchers can more quickly and comprehensively understand the development and direction of this very field. It is believed that the hereby proposed viewpoints and problems can provide fresh visions for the latecomers.
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Spiteri AG, Wishart CL, Pamphlett R, Locatelli G, King NJC. Microglia and monocytes in inflammatory CNS disease: integrating phenotype and function. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 143:179-224. [PMID: 34853891 PMCID: PMC8742818 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In neurological diseases, the actions of microglia, the resident myeloid cells of the CNS parenchyma, may diverge from, or intersect with, those of recruited monocytes to drive immune-mediated pathology. However, defining the precise roles of each cell type has historically been impeded by the lack of discriminating markers and experimental systems capable of accurately identifying them. Our ability to distinguish microglia from monocytes in neuroinflammation has advanced with single-cell technologies, new markers and drugs that identify and deplete them, respectively. Nevertheless, the focus of individual studies on particular cell types, diseases or experimental approaches has limited our ability to connect phenotype and function more widely and across diverse CNS pathologies. Here, we critically review, tabulate and integrate the disease-specific functions and immune profiles of microglia and monocytes to provide a comprehensive atlas of myeloid responses in viral encephalitis, demyelination, neurodegeneration and ischemic injury. In emphasizing the differential roles of microglia and monocytes in the severe neuroinflammatory disease of viral encephalitis, we connect inflammatory pathways common to equally incapacitating diseases with less severe inflammation. We examine these findings in the context of human studies and highlight the benefits and inherent limitations of animal models that may impede or facilitate clinical translation. This enables us to highlight common and contrasting, non-redundant and often opposing roles of microglia and monocytes in disease that could be targeted therapeutically.
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Pang LX, Cai WW, Li Q, Li HJ, Fei M, Yuan YS, Sheng B, Zhang K, An RC, Ou YW, Zeng WJ. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via upregulation of splenic regulatory T cells. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:215. [PMID: 33906602 PMCID: PMC8080373 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is the main pathological manifestation of cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction. The potential therapeutic effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and the participation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in MIRI remains to be defined. METHODS We used the experimental acute MIRI that was induced in mice by left ascending coronary ischemia, which were subsequently randomized to receive immunoglobulin G (IgG) or anti-CD25 antibody PC61 with or without intravenously injected BM-MSCs. The splenectomized mice underwent prior to experimental MIRI followed by intravenous administration of BM-MSCs. At 72 h post-MIRI, the hearts and spleens were harvested and subjected to cytometric and histologic analyses. RESULTS CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells were significantly elevated after MIRI in the hearts and spleens of mice receiving IgG + BM-MSCs and PC61 + BM-MSCs compared to the respective control mice (all p < 0.01). This was accompanied by upregulation of interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor β1 and downregulation of creatinine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in the serum. The post-MIRI mice receiving BM-MSCs showed attenuated inflammation and cellular apoptosis in the heart. Meanwhile, splenectomy compromised all therapeutic effects of BM-MSCs. CONCLUSION Administration of BM-MSCs effectively alleviates MIRI in mice through inducing Treg activation, particularly in the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Xiao Pang
- Department of Emergency, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wen-Wei Cai
- Department of Emergency, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Emergency, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Heng-Jie Li
- Department of Emergency, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Min Fei
- Department of Health Management Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Yuan
- Department of Emergency, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Bin Sheng
- Department of Emergency, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Rong-Cheng An
- Department of Emergency, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Ying-Wei Ou
- Department of Emergency, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zeng
- Department of Gynecology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, ShangTang Road 158, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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Deng B, Zhang W, Zhu Y, Li Y, Li D, Li B. FOXP3 + regulatory T cells and age-related diseases. FEBS J 2021; 289:319-335. [PMID: 33529458 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are critical for the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Dysregulation of Treg cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity and chronic inflammation, while aging is characterized by an accumulation of inflammatory markers in the peripheral blood, a phenomenon known as 'inflammaging'. The relationship between Treg cells and age-related diseases remains to be further studied. Increasing evidence revealed that Treg cells' dysfunction occurs in aged patients, suggesting that immune therapies targeting Treg cells may be a promising approach to treat diseases such as cancers and autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, drugs targeting Treg cells show encouraging results and contribute to CD8+ T-cell-mediated cytotoxic killing of tumor and infected cells. In general, a better understanding of Treg cell function may help us to develop new immune therapies against aging. In this review, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies to modify immune responses of relevance for aging to prevent and treat age-related diseases, as well as the challenges posed by the translation of novel immune therapies into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaolong Deng
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yicheng Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Dan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
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Ito M, Komai K, Nakamura T, Srirat T, Yoshimura A. Tissue regulatory T cells and neural repair. Int Immunol 2020; 31:361-369. [PMID: 30893423 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and immune responses after tissue injury play pivotal roles in the pathology, resolution of inflammation, tissue recovery, fibrosis and remodeling. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the cells responsible for suppressing immune responses and can be activated in secondary lymphatic tissues, where they subsequently regulate effector T cell and dendritic cell activation. Recently, Tregs that reside in non-lymphoid tissues, called tissue Tregs, have been shown to exhibit tissue-specific functions that contribute to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and repair. Unlike other tissue Tregs, the role of Tregs in the brain has not been well elucidated because the number of brain Tregs is very small under normal conditions. However, we found that Tregs accumulate in the brain at the chronic phase of ischemic brain injury and control astrogliosis through secretion of a cytokine, amphiregulin (Areg). Brain Tregs resemble other tissue Tregs in many ways but, unlike the other tissue Tregs, brain Tregs express neural-cell-specific genes such as the serotonin receptor (Htr7) and respond to serotonin. Administering serotonin or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in an experimental mouse model of stroke increases the number of brain Tregs and ameliorates neurological symptoms. Knowledge of brain Tregs will contribute to the understanding of various types of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Ito
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Komai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nakamura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tanakorn Srirat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Ji W, Peng X, Lou T, Wang J, Qiu W. Total flavonoids from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum ameliorates inflammatory stress in concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis mice by regulating Treg/Th17 immune homeostasis. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 27:1297-1307. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00599-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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