1
|
Nowacki K, Galiński M, Fursov A, Voronkina A, Meissner H, Petrenko I, Stelling AL, Ehrlich H. Electrolysis as a Universal Approach for Isolation of Diverse Chitin Scaffolds from Selected Marine Demosponges. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:665. [PMID: 36354988 PMCID: PMC9699038 DOI: 10.3390/md20110665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional chitinous scaffolds often used in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, biomimetics and technology are mostly isolated from marine organisms, such as marine sponges (Porifera). In this work, we report the results of the electrochemical isolation of the ready to use chitinous matrices from three species of verongiid demosponges (Aplysina archeri, Ianthella basta and Suberea clavata) as a perfect example of possible morphological and chemical dimorphism in the case of the marine chitin sources. The electrolysis of concentrated Na2SO4 aqueous solution showed its superiority over the chemical chitin isolation method in terms of the treatment time reduction: only 5.5 h for A. archeri, 16.5 h for I. basta and 20 h for the S. clavata sample. Further investigation of the isolated scaffolds by digital microscopy and SEM showed that the electrolysis-supported isolation process obtains chitinous scaffolds with well-preserved spatial structure and it can be competitive to other alternative chitin isolation techniques that use external accelerating factors such as microwave irradiation or atmospheric plasma. Moreover, the infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) proved that with the applied electrochemical conditions, the transformation into chitosan does not take place.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Nowacki
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Galiński
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Andriy Fursov
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner Str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Alona Voronkina
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner Str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, 21018 Vinnytsia, Ukraine
| | - Heike Meissner
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Iaroslav Petrenko
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner Str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Allison L. Stelling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Hermann Ehrlich
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner Str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
- Center of Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ren Z, Chhetri A, Guan Z, Suo Y, Yokoyama K, Lee SY. Structural basis for inhibition and regulation of a chitin synthase from Candida albicans. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2022; 29:653-664. [PMID: 35788183 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00791-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chitin is an essential component of the fungal cell wall. Chitin synthases (Chss) catalyze chitin formation and translocation across the membrane and are targets of antifungal agents, including nikkomycin Z and polyoxin D. Lack of structural insights into the action of these inhibitors on Chs has hampered their further development to the clinic. We present the cryo-EM structures of Chs2 from Candida albicans (CaChs2) in the apo, substrate-bound, nikkomycin Z-bound, and polyoxin D-bound states. CaChs2 adopts a unique domain-swapped dimer configuration where a conserved motif in the domain-swapped region controls enzyme activity. CaChs2 has a dual regulation mechanism where the chitin translocation tunnel is closed by the extracellular gate and plugged by a lipid molecule in the apo state to prevent non-specific leak. Analyses of substrate and inhibitor binding provide insights into the chemical logic of Chs inhibition, which can guide Chs-targeted antifungal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenning Ren
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Abhishek Chhetri
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ziqiang Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yang Suo
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kenichi Yokoyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang Y, Xu B, Haverstick J, Ibtehaz N, Muszyński A, Chen X, Chowdhury MEH, Zughaier SM, Zhao Y. Differentiation and classification of bacterial endotoxins based on surface enhanced Raman scattering and advanced machine learning. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8806-8817. [PMID: 35686584 PMCID: PMC9575096 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01277d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial endotoxin, a major component of the Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane leaflet, is a lipopolysaccharide shed from bacteria during their growth and infection and can be utilized as a biomarker for bacterial detection. Here, the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of eleven bacterial endotoxins with an average detection amount of 8.75 pg per measurement have been obtained based on silver nanorod array substrates, and the characteristic SERS peaks have been identified. With appropriate spectral pre-processing procedures, different classical machine learning algorithms, including support vector machine, k-nearest neighbor, random forest, etc., and a modified deep learning algorithm, RamanNet, have been applied to differentiate and classify these endotoxins. It has been found that most conventional machine learning algorithms can attain a differentiation accuracy of >99%, while RamanNet can achieve 100% accuracy. Such an approach has the potential for precise classification of endotoxins and could be used for rapid medical diagnoses and therapeutic decisions for pathogenic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Yang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Beibei Xu
- Department of Statistics, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - James Haverstick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Nabil Ibtehaz
- Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Artur Muszyński
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Xianyan Chen
- Department of Statistics, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Muhammad E H Chowdhury
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, PO. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Susu M Zughaier
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, PO. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Yiping Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Su D, Sun W, Li BZ, Yang Y, Wang Y, Lv W, Li D, Wang L. Influence of ultrasonic pretreatments on microwave hot-air flow rolling drying mechanism, thermal characteristics and rehydration dynamics of Pleurotus eryngii. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:2100-2109. [PMID: 34596248 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to improve the drying efficiency and reduce the drying energy consumption of Pleurotus eryngii, microwave hot-air flow rolling drying (MHARD) coupled with ultrasonic pretreating time (0, 20, 40, and 60 min) was used to investigate the drying profile, thermal characteristics, water migration, microstructure and rehydration dynamics of P. eryngii using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS Results showed that the drying time of P. eryngii was 80, 70, 60 and 50 min, accordingly. Energy consumption was significantly reduced by ultrasonic pretreatment, and moisture effective diffusivity (Deff ) was increased with the increase of ultrasonic pretreating time. DSC curves showed that the drying process was accelerated by ultrasonic pretreatment significantly by enhancing the heat transfer. Meanwhile, SEM images showed that the cell was broken and numbers of irregular holes appeared in the ultrasound-pretreated samples. In terms of rehydration dynamics, Page model could well model the rehydration kinetics of dried P. eryngii with R2 > 0.99. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that ultrasonic pretreatment is a promising method for MHARD of P. eryngii as it can enhance the drying process, and show potential for industrial application. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dianbin Su
- College of Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Weihong Sun
- College of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bing-Zheng Li
- Guangxi Bioscience and Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yu Yang
- College of Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Weiqiao Lv
- College of Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- College of Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
González-Hourcade M, Del Campo EM, Casano LM. The Under-explored Extracellular Proteome of Aero-Terrestrial Microalgae Provides Clues on Different Mechanisms of Desiccation Tolerance in Non-Model Organisms. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 81:437-453. [PMID: 32989484 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trebouxia sp. (TR9) and Coccomyxa simplex (Csol) are desiccation-tolerant lichen microalgae with different adaptive strategies in accordance with the prevailing conditions of their habitats. The remodelling of cell wall and extracellular polysaccharides depending on water availability are key elements in the tolerance to desiccation of both microalgae. Currently, there is no information about the extracellular proteins of these algae and other aero-terrestrial microalgae in response to limited water availability. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the proteins associated with the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of aero-terrestrial microalgae subjected to cyclic desiccation/rehydration. LC-MS/MS and bioinformatic analyses of the EPS-associated proteins in the two lichen microalgae submitted to four desiccation/rehydration cycles allowed the compilation of 111 and 121 identified proteins for TR9 and Csol, respectively. Both sets of EPS-associated proteins shared a variety of predicted biological functions but showed a constitutive expression in Csol and partially inducible in TR9. In both algae, the EPS-associated proteins included a number of proteins of unknown functions, some of which could be considered as small intrinsically disordered proteins related with desiccation-tolerant organisms. Differences in the composition and the expression pattern between the studied EPS-associated proteins would be oriented to preserve the biochemical and biophysical properties of the extracellular structures under the different conditions of water availability in which each alga thrives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva M Del Campo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Leonardo M Casano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tsurkan MV, Voronkina A, Khrunyk Y, Wysokowski M, Petrenko I, Ehrlich H. Progress in chitin analytics. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 252:117204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
7
|
Intestinal Population in Host with Metabolic Syndrome during Administration of Chitosan and Its Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245857. [PMID: 33322383 PMCID: PMC7764266 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan and its derivatives can alleviate metabolic syndrome by different regulation mechanisms, phosphorylation of AMPK (AMP-activated kinase) and Akt (also known as protein kinase B), suppression of PPAR-γ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ) and SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory element–binding proteins), and translocation of GLUT4 (glucose transporter-4), and also the downregulation of fatty-acid-transport proteins, fatty-acid-binding proteins, fatty acid synthetase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase), and HMG-CoA reductase (hydroxy methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase). The improved microbial profiles in the gastrointestinal tract were positively correlated with the improved glucose and lipid profiles in hosts with metabolic syndrome. Hence, this review will summarize the current literature illustrating positive correlations between the alleviated conditions in metabolic syndrome hosts and the normalized gut microbiota in hosts with metabolic syndrome after treatment with chitosan and its derivatives, implying that the possibility of chitosan and its derivatives to serve as therapeutic application will be consolidated. Chitosan has been shown to modulate cardiometabolic symptoms (e.g., lipid and glycemic levels, blood pressure) as well as gut microbiota. However, the literature that summarizes the relationship between such metabolic modulation of chitosan and prebiotic-like effects is limited. This review will discuss the connection among their structures, biological properties, and prebiotic effects for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Our hope is that future researchers will consider the prebiotic effects as significant contributors to the mitigation of metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
|
8
|
Li RK, Hu YJ, He YJ, Ng TB, Zhou ZM, Ye XY. A thermophilic chitinase 1602 from the marine bacterium Microbulbifer sp. BN3 and its high-level expression in Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:1076-1085. [PMID: 32924196 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases play an important role in many industrial processes, including the preparation of oligosaccharides with potential applications. In the present study, a 1,713 bp gene of Chi1602, derived from a marine bacterium Microbulbifer sp. BN3, encoding a GH18 family chitinase, was expressed at high levels in Pichia pastoris. Distinct from most of the marine chitinases, the recombinant chitinase 1602 exhibited maximal activity at 60 °C and over a broad pH range between 5.0 and 9.0, and was stable at 50 °C and over the pH range 4.0-9.0. The hydrolytic products derived from colloidal chitins comprised mainly (GlcNAc)2 and GlcNAc, indicating that rChi1602 is a GH18 processive chitinase in conformity with its hypothetical structure. However, rChi1602 showed traces of β-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity on substrates such as powder chitin, chitosan, and ethylene glycol chitin. The thermophilic rChi1602, which manifests adaptation to a wide pH range and can be expressed at a high level in P. pastoris, is advantageous for applications in industrial processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ren Kuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for High-efficient Enzyme Expression, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Juan Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Jie He
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Min Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Yun Ye
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for High-efficient Enzyme Expression, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|