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Yi B, Pan J, Yang Z, Zhu Z, Sun Y, Guo T, Zhao Z. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promote tissue repair injury in rats with liver trauma by regulating gut microbiota and metabolism. Mol Cell Probes 2024; 75:101958. [PMID: 38518900 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2024.101958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-exos) on serum metabolites and intestinal microbiota in rats after liver trauma were discussed. METHODS Adult Wistar Albino rats were assigned into control, model (liver trauma), MSCs, and MSC-exos groups (n = 6). The study examined changes in the inflammatory environment in liver tissues were analyzed by histological examination and analysis of macrophage phenotypes. Alterations in serum metabolites were determined by untargeted metabonomics, and gut microbiota composition was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing. Correlations between specific gut microbiota, metabolites, and inflammatory response were calculated using Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS Rats with liver trauma after MSCs and MSC-exos treatment exhibited attenuated inflammatory infiltration and necrosis in liver tissues. MSCs and MSC-exos treatment reduced the proportion of M1 macrophages, accompanied by a decrease in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels. Furthermore, MSCs and MSC-exos treatment expanded the proportion of M2 macrophages, accompanied by an increase in arginase-1 (Arg-1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels. The beneficial effects of MSC-exo treatment on rats with liver trauma were superior to those of MSC treatment. The composition and abundance of the gut microbiota and metabolites were altered in pathological rats, whereas MSC and MSC-exo intervention partially restored specific gut microbiota and metabolite alterations. At the phylum level, alterations in Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobiota were observed after MSC and MSC-exo intervention. At the genus level, Intestinimonas, Alistipes, Aerococcus, Faecalibaculum, and Lachnospiraceae_ND3007_group were the main differential microbiota. 6-Methylnicotinamide, N-Methylnicotinamide, Glutathione, oxidized, ISOBUTYRATE, ASCORBATE, EICOSAPENTAENOATE, GLYCEROL 3-PHOSPHATE, and Ascorbate radical were selected as important differential metabolites. There was a clear correlation between Ascorbate, Intestinimonas/Faecalibaculum and inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION MSC-exos promoted the repair of tissue damage in rats with liver trauma by regulating serum metabolites and intestinal microbiota, providing new insights into how MSC-exos reduced inflammation in rats with liver trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yi
- Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Juan Pan
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Zhaoming Yang
- Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Zemin Zhu
- Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yongkang Sun
- Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Zhao
- Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China.
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Berezin AA, Obradovic Z, Berezina TA, Boxhammer E, Lichtenauer M, Berezin AE. Cardiac Hepatopathy: New Perspectives on Old Problems through a Prism of Endogenous Metabolic Regulations by Hepatokines. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020516. [PMID: 36830074 PMCID: PMC9951884 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hepatopathy refers to acute or chronic liver damage caused by cardiac dysfunction in the absence of any other possible causative reasons of liver injury. There is a large number of evidence of the fact that cardiac hepatopathy is associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with acute or actually decompensated heart failure (HF). However, the currently dominated pathophysiological background does not explain a role of metabolic regulative proteins secreted by hepatocytes in progression of HF, including adverse cardiac remodeling, kidney injury, skeletal muscle dysfunction, osteopenia, sarcopenia and cardiac cachexia. The aim of this narrative review was to accumulate knowledge of hepatokines (adropin; fetuin-A, selenoprotein P, fibroblast growth factor-21, and alpha-1-microglobulin) as adaptive regulators of metabolic homeostasis in patients with HF. It is suggested that hepatokines play a crucial, causative role in inter-organ interactions and mediate tissue protective effects counteracting oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and necrosis. The discriminative potencies of hepatokines for HF and damage of target organs in patients with known HF is under on-going scientific discussion and requires more investigations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Berezin
- Internal Medicine Department, Zaporozhye Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, 69000 Zaporozhye, Ukraine
- Klinik Barmelweid, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, 5017 Barmelweid, Switzerland
| | - Zeljko Obradovic
- Klinik Barmelweid, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, 5017 Barmelweid, Switzerland
| | - Tetiana A. Berezina
- Department of Internal Medicine & Nephrology, VitaCenter, 69000 Zaporozhye, Ukraine
| | - Elke Boxhammer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexander E. Berezin
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Internal Medicine Department, Zaporozhye State Medical University, 69035 Zaporozhye, Ukraine
- Correspondence:
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Zhang W, Li T, Li Y, Ma Y, Xie HQ, Zou X, Wu J, Li Y, Wang R, Zhao B. Gut microbiota of Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792) in the e-waste dismantling region: In situ status and relationship with internal metal burden. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 248:106171. [PMID: 35504175 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to the production of large quantities of electronic waste (e-waste), unsafe dismantling has caused serious pollution as well as toxicological impacts on both wildlife and humans. As an important aspect of physiology and health, the wildlife's gut microbiota and its changes induced by pollution have been recruiting increasing concerns. To reveal the gut microbiota-related ecotoxicology induced by e-waste dismantling, this study resolves the gut microbiota profile of Anabas testudineus, a native highly adapted nonmodel fish under the in situ exposure, and reveals whether and how the microbiota was altered. The comparisons are made by collecting samples from different e-waste polluted sites in Guiyu (a town in South China) and a nearby reference (nonpolluted) site. The overall gut microbiota landscape of A. testudineus is similar to that of other reported fishes, with an average of ∼300 OTUs, and constituted by Firmicutes (34.51%), Fusobacteria (29.16%) as the major phyla. Obviously different liver metal burdens/fingerprints were observed between the e-waste and reference sites. Accordingly, although the alpha-diversity (ACE, Simpson, and Shannon) of the gut microbiota did not significantly vary, a detailed exploration of the microbiota constitution indicated significant differences at various taxonomic levels, including a series of significantly different species and biomarkers, and showing site-specific beta-diversity clustering patterns. Interestingly, a few bacteria with greater abundance in the fish gut of e-waste polluted sites were also reported to present in other contaminated environments, have a role in wastewater treatment, be capable to transform metal, etc. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and Pearson association analyses indicated significant associations between Mn and Cetobacterium somerae (Pearson r = 0.3612, p = 0.0008) and between Pb and Clostridium colicanis (Pearson r = 0.5151, p < 0.0001). In summary, pollution from e-waste dismantling may have a role in altering the fish gut microbiota, and this research provides insights for better understanding e-waste ecotoxicology and improving future conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanglong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Tengzhou Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Yongchao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Centre for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Heidi Qunhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianghui Zou
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, China
| | - Jiameng Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Yunping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Renjun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Moxifloxacin Induced Liver Injury by Causing Lachnospiraceae Deficiency and Interfering with Butyric Acid Production through Gut–Liver Axis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:9302733. [PMID: 35531479 PMCID: PMC9076306 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9302733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cases of unpredictable, idiosyncratic liver damage of moxifloxacin (MXF) have been occasionally reported. However, the health effects of MXF exposure remain controversial. The current study examined the metabolic phenotypes and intestinal flora characteristics of hepatotoxicity induced by MXF. Rats were administered moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablets at doses of 36, 72, and 108 mg/kg body weight/day for 21 days. The levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates were decreased, whereas those of lipids (arachidonic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and linoleic acid) were increased, reflecting disorders of energy–related and lipid metabolism. Enrichment analysis of the differential metabolites suggested that butanoate metabolism was associated with MXF–induced liver injury. 16S rRNA sequencing uncovered that the diversity of gut intestinal was decreased in MXF–treated rats. Specifically, the abundance of Muribaculaceae was increased, whereas that of Lachnospiraceae, a family of butyrate–producing bacteria, was decreased. The combined serum metabonomics and gut microbiome datasets illustrated the involvement of butanoic acid and energy metabolism in the regulatory changes of the gut–liver axis associated with MXF–induced liver injury. The regulation of endogenous small molecules and intestinal flora during drug–induced liver injury was first described from the perspective of the gut–liver axis, providing a research basis for the mechanism of clinical drug–induced liver injury.
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A Preliminary Study on the Effect of Hydrogen Gas on Alleviating Early CCl 4-Induced Chronic Liver Injury in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121933. [PMID: 34943036 PMCID: PMC8750042 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a small-molecule reductant substance, hydrogen gas has an obvious antioxidant function. It can selectively neutralize hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and peroxynitrite (ONOO•) in cells, reducing oxidative stress damage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrogen gas (3%) on early chronic liver injury (CLI) induced by CCl4 and to preliminarily explore the protective mechanism of hydrogen gas on hepatocytes by observing the expression of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in liver tissue. Here, 32 rats were divided into four groups: the control group, CCl4 group, H2 (hydrogen gas) group, and CCl4 + H2 group. The effect of hydrogen gas on early CLI was observed by serological tests, ELISA, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and oil red O staining. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting were used to observe the expression of UCP2 in liver tissues. We found that CCl4 can induce significant steatosis in hepatocytes. When the hydrogen gas was inhaled, hepatocyte steatosis was reduced, and the UCP2 expression level in liver tissue was increased. These results suggest that hydrogen gas might upregulate UCP2 expression levels, reduce the generation of intracellular oxygen free radicals, affect lipid metabolism in liver cells, and play a protective role in liver cells.
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Wahlang B, Alexander NC, Li X, Rouchka EC, Kirpich IA, Cave MC. Polychlorinated biphenyls altered gut microbiome in CAR and PXR knockout mice exhibiting toxicant-associated steatohepatitis. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:536-547. [PMID: 33777700 PMCID: PMC7985695 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Previously, we demonstrated that the PCB mixture, Aroclor1260, exacerbated NAFLD, reflective of toxicant-associated steatohepatitis, in diet-induced obese mice, in part through pregnane-xenobiotic receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) activation. Recent studies have also reported PCB-induced changes in the gut microbiome that consequently impact NAFLD. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine PCB effects on the gut-liver axis and characterize the role of CAR and PXR in microbiome alterations. C57Bl/6 (wildtype, WT), CAR and PXR knockout mice were fed a high fat diet and exposed to Aroclor1260 (20 mg/kg, oral gavage, 12 weeks). Metagenomics analysis of cecal samples revealed that CAR and/or PXR ablation increased bacterial alpha diversity regardless of exposure status. CAR and PXR ablation also increased bacterial composition (beta diversity) versus WT; Aroclor1260 altered beta diversity only in WT and CAR knockouts. Distinct changes in bacterial abundance at different taxonomic levels were observed between WT and knockout groups; however Aroclor1260 had modest effects on bacterial abundance within each genotype. Notably, both knockout groups displayed increased Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia abundance. In spite of improved bacterial diversity, the knockout groups however failed to show protection from PCB-induced hepato- and intestinal- toxicity including decreased mRNA levels of ileal permeability markers (occludin, claudin3). In summary, CAR and PXR ablation significantly altered gut microbiome in diet-induced obesity while Aroclor1260 compromised intestinal integrity in knockout mice, implicating interactions between PCBs and CAR, PXR on the gut-liver axis.
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Key Words
- ACHS, anniston community healthy survey
- AhR, arylhydrocarbon receptor
- Aroclor1260
- CAR, constitutive androstane receptor
- Camp, cathelicidin anti-microbial peptide
- Cdh5, adhesion molecule VE-cadherin
- Cldn, claudin
- Fasn, fatty acid synthase
- Fgf15, fibroblast growth factor 15
- Gut-liver
- HFD, high fat diet
- HOMA, homeostasis model assessment
- IBD, inflammatory bowel diseases
- LDA, linear discriminant analysis
- LEfSe, linear discriminant analysis effect size
- Microbiome
- Muc, mucin
- NAFLD
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- OTU, operational taxonomic unit
- Ocln, occludin
- PCBs
- PCBs, polychlorinated biphenyls
- PXR, pregnane-xenobiotic receptor
- Pck1, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1
- Ppara, peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor alpha
- RER, respiratory exchange rate
- Reg3g, regenerating islet-derived protein 3-gamma
- TASH
- TASH, toxicant-associated steatohepatitis
- Tff3, trefoil factor 3
- Tjp1, tight junction protein 1
- Tnfa, tumor necrosis factor
- WT, wildtype
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Affiliation(s)
- Banrida Wahlang
- UofL Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- KBRIN Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Eric C. Rouchka
- KBRIN Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, J.B. Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Irina A. Kirpich
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Matthew C. Cave
- UofL Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY, USA
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Blossom SJ, Gokulan K, Arnold M, Khare S. Sex-Dependent Effects on Liver Inflammation and Gut Microbial Dysbiosis After Continuous Developmental Exposure to Trichloroethylene in Autoimmune-Prone Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:569008. [PMID: 33250767 PMCID: PMC7673404 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.569008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a common environmental toxicant linked with hypersensitivity and autoimmune responses in humans and animal models. While autoimmune diseases are more common in females, mechanisms behind this disparity are not clear. Recent evidence suggests that autoimmunity may be increasing in males, and occupational studies have shown that TCE-mediated hypersensitivity responses occur just as often in males. Previous experimental studies in autoimmune-prone MRL+/+ mice have focused on responses in females. However, it is important to include both males and females in order to better understand sex-disparity in autoimmune disease. In addition, because of an alarming increase in autoimmunity in adolescents, developmental and/or early life exposures to immune-enhancing environmental pollutants should also be considered. Using MRL+/+ mice, we hypothesized that TCE would alter markers related to autoimmunity to a greater degree in female mice relative to male mice, and that TCE would enhance these effects. Mice were continuously exposed to either TCE or vehicle beginning at gestation, continuing during lactation, and directly in the drinking water. Both male and female offspring were evaluated at 7 weeks of age. Sex-specific effects were evident. Female mice were more likely than males to show enhanced CD4+ T cell cytokine responses (e.g., IL-4 and IFN-γ). Although none of the animals developed pathological or serological signs of autoimmune hepatitis-like disease, TCE-exposed female mice were more likely than males in either group to express higher levels of biomarkers in the liver related to regeneration/repair and proliferation. Levels of bacterial populations in the intestinal ileum were also altered by TCE exposure and were more prominent in females as compared to males. Thus, our expectations were correct in that young adult female mice developmentally exposed to TCE were more likely to exhibit alterations in immunological and gut/liver endpoints compared to male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Blossom
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Kuppan Gokulan
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States
| | - Matthew Arnold
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States
| | - Sangeeta Khare
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States
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Abstract
Up to 40% of individuals with cystic fibrosis have cystic fibrosis-related liver disease (CFLD); however, only 5% to 10% will have clinically evident disease. With the introduction of powerful cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) enhancers, effective treatment for cystic fibrosis is available. The role of CFTR enhancers in liver disease is unknown at this time. The traditionally accepted theory of the pathogenesis of CFLD is being questioned. A different pathogenesis may lead to new ways to treat CFLD. The way that CFLD is diagnosed and monitored is evolving as new imaging technology become available.
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