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Effects of the Photosystem II Inhibitors CCCP and DCMU on Hydrogen Production by the Unicellular Halotolerant Cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica. ScientificWorldJournal 2019; 2019:1030236. [PMID: 31346323 PMCID: PMC6620853 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1030236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The unicellular halotolerant cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica is a potential dark fermentative producer of molecular hydrogen (H2) that produces very little H2 under illumination. One factor limiting the H2 photoproduction of this cyanobacterium is an inhibition of bidirectional hydrogenase activity by oxygen (O2) obtained from splitting water molecules via photosystem II activity. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the photosystem II inhibitors carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) on H2 production of A. halophytica under light and dark conditions and on photosynthetic and respiratory activities. The results showed that A. halophytica treated with CCCP and DCMU produced H2 at three to five times the rate of untreated cells, when exposed to light. The highest H2 photoproduction rates, 2.26 ± 0.24 and 3.63 ± 0.26 μmol H2 g−1 dry weight h−1, were found in cells treated with 0.5 μM CCCP and 50 μM DCMU, respectively. Without inhibitor treatment, A. halophytica incubated in the dark showed a significant increase in H2 production compared with cells that were incubated in the light. Only CCCP treatment increased H2 production of A. halophytica during dark incubation, because CCCP functions as an uncoupling agent of oxidative phosphorylation. The highest dark fermentative H2 production rate of 39.50 ± 2.13 μmol H2 g−1 dry weight h−1 was found in cells treated with 0.5 μM CCCP after 2 h of dark incubation. Under illumination, CCCP and DCMU inhibited chlorophyll fluorescence, resulting in a low level of O2, which promoted bidirectional hydrogenase activity in A. halophytica cells. In addition, only CCCP enhanced the respiration rate, further reducing the O2 level. In contrast, DCMU reduced the respiration rate in A. halophytica.
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Xu K, Racine F, He Z, Juneau P. Impacts of hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor (mesotrione) on photosynthetic processes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 244:295-303. [PMID: 30343230 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesotrione, an herbicide increasingly found in aquatic systems due to its increased application frequency in corn fields, is an inhibitor of the p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), a key enzyme for plastoquinone-9, α-tocopherol and indirectly for carotenoid biosynthesis. The direct effect of mesotrione on plastoquinone-9 and α-tocopherol synthesis and their degradation rates are well documented, but few information exists on its action on photosynthetic processes under various light intensities. We therefore investigated the photosynthetic activity, energy dissipation processes, pigment composition and α-tocopherol content when Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were exposed to mesotrione for 24 h under low light condition and then the impacts of HL treatment (75 min) were also investigated. Under low light growth conditions, mesotrione did not induce PSII photoinhihition, while substantially decreased Car:Chl-a ratio, maximal energy-dependant quenching and state 1 to state 2 transition. Under high light conditions (HL), PSII activity was highly decreased in presence of mesotrione, and the non-photochemical energy dissipation processes were drastically affected in these conditions compared to the HL treatment alone. Mesotrinone also prevent the complete recovery of PSII damage caused by HL. Light condition seems therefore to be a non-negligible factor modulating mesotrione toxicity, and this has an obvious importance in agricultural waterbodies where phytoplankton is subjected to fluctuating light intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Francis Racine
- Department of Biological Sciences, GRIL-TOXEN, Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Zhili He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Philippe Juneau
- Department of Biological Sciences, GRIL-TOXEN, Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Johansson P, Eriksson KM, Axelsson L, Blanck H. Effects of seven antifouling compounds on photosynthesis and inorganic carbon use in sugar kelp Saccharina latissima (Linnaeus). ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 63:365-77. [PMID: 22743627 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-012-9778-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgae depend on carbon-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) to maintain a high photosynthetic activity under conditions of low carbon dioxide (CO(2)) availability. Because such conditions are prevalent in marine environments, CCMs are important for upholding the macroalgal primary productivity in coastal zones. This study evaluated the effects of seven antifouling compounds-chlorothalonil, DCOIT, dichlofluanid, diuron, irgarol, tolylfluanid, and zinc pyrithione (ZnTP)-on the photosynthesis and CCM of sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima (L.)). Concentration-response curves of these toxicants were established using inhibition of carbon incorporation, whereas their effects over time and their inhibition of the CCM were studied using inhibition of O(2) evolution. We demonstrate that exposure to all compounds except ZnTP (< 1000 nM) resulted in toxicity to photosynthesis of S. latissima. However, carbon incorporation and O(2) evolution differed in their ability to detect toxicity from some of the compounds. Diuron, irgarol, DCOIT, tolylfluanid, and, to some extent, dichlofluanid inhibited carbon incorporation. Chlorothalonil did not inhibit carbon incorporation but clearly inhibited oxygen (O(2)) evolution. Photosynthesis showed only little recovery during the 2-h postexposure period. Inhibition of photosynthesis even increased after the end of exposure to chlorothalonil and tolylfluanid. Through changes in pH of the medium, toxic effects on the CCM could be studied isolated from photosynthesis effects. The CCM of S. latissima was inhibited by chlorothalonil, DCOIT, dichlofluanid, and tolylfluanid. Such inhibition of the CCM, or the absence thereof, deepens the understanding the mechanism of action of the studied compounds.
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Bermúdez MÁ, Galmés J, Moreno I, Mullineaux PM, Gotor C, Romero LC. Photosynthetic adaptation to length of day is dependent on S-sulfocysteine synthase activity in the thylakoid lumen. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 160:274-88. [PMID: 22829322 PMCID: PMC3440205 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.201491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) chloroplasts contain two O-acetyl-serine(thiol)lyase (OASTL) homologs, OAS-B, which is an authentic OASTL, and CS26, which has S-sulfocysteine synthase activity. In contrast with OAS-B, the loss of CS26 function resulted in dramatic phenotypic changes, which were dependent on the light treatment. We have performed a detailed characterization of the photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in cs26 plants compared with those of wild-type plants under short-day growth conditions (SD) and long-day growth conditions (LD). Under LD, the photosynthetic characterization, which was based on substomatal CO(2) concentrations and CO(2) concentration in the chloroplast curves, revealed significant reductions in most of the photosynthetic parameters for cs26, which were unchanged under SD. These parameters included net CO(2) assimilation rate, mesophyll conductance, and mitochondrial respiration at darkness. The analysis also showed that cs26 under LD required more absorbed quanta per driven electron flux and fixed CO(2). The nonphotochemical quenching values suggested that in cs26 plants, the excess electrons that are not used in photochemical reactions may form reactive oxygen species. A photoinhibitory effect was confirmed by the background fluorescence signal values under LD and SD, which were higher in young leaves compared with mature ones under SD. To hypothesize the role of CS26 in relation to the photosynthetic machinery, we addressed its location inside of the chloroplast. The activity determination and localization analyses that were performed using immunoblotting indicated the presence of an active CS26 enzyme exclusively in the thylakoid lumen. This finding was reinforced by the observation of marked alterations in many lumenal proteins in the cs26 mutant compared with the wild type.
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Strodtkötter I, Padmasree K, Dinakar C, Speth B, Niazi PS, Wojtera J, Voss I, Do PT, Nunes-Nesi A, Fernie AR, Linke V, Raghavendra AS, Scheibe R. Induction of the AOX1D isoform of alternative oxidase in A. thaliana T-DNA insertion lines lacking isoform AOX1A is insufficient to optimize photosynthesis when treated with antimycin A. MOLECULAR PLANT 2009; 2:284-97. [PMID: 19825614 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssn089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant respiration is characterized by two pathways for electron transfer to O(2), namely the cytochrome pathway (CP) that is linked to ATP production, and the alternative pathway (AP), where electrons from ubiquinol are directly transferred to O(2) via an alternative oxidase (AOX) without concomitant ATP production. This latter pathway is well suited to dispose of excess electrons in the light, leading to optimized photosynthetic performance. We have characterized T-DNA-insertion mutant lines of Arabidopsis thaliana that do not express the major isoform, AOX1A. In standard growth conditions, these plants did not show any phenotype, but restriction of electron flow through CP by antimycin A, which induces AOX1A expression in the wild-type, led to an increased expression of AOX1D in leaves of the aox1a-knockout mutant. Despite the increased presence of the AOX1D isoform in the mutant, antimycin A caused inhibition of photosynthesis, increased ROS, and ultimately resulted in amplified membrane leakage and necrosis when compared to the wild-type, which was only marginally affected by the inhibitor. It thus appears that AOX1D was unable to fully compensate for the loss of AOX1A when electron flow via the CP is restricted. A combination of inhibition studies, coupled to metabolite profiling and targeted expression analysis of the P-protein of glycine decarboxylase complex (GDC), suggests that the aox1a mutants attempt to increase their capacity for photorespiration. However, given their deficiency, it is intriguing that increase in expression neither of AOX1D nor of GDC could fully compensate for the lack of AOX1A to optimize photosynthesis when treated with antimycin A. We suggest that the aox1a mutants can further be used to substantiate the current models concerning the influence of mitochondrial redox on photosynthetic performance and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Strodtkötter
- Department of Plant Physiology, FB5, University of Osnabrueck, 49069 Osnabrueck, Germany
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Fischer BB, Wiesendanger M, Eggen RIL. Growth condition-dependent sensitivity, photodamage and stress response of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exposed to high light conditions. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 47:1135-45. [PMID: 16857695 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcj085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Different substrate conditions, such as varying CO(2) concentrations or the presence of acetate, strongly influence the efficiency of photosynthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Altered photosynthetic efficiencies affect the susceptibility of algae to the deleterious effects of high light stress, such as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and PSII photodamage. In this study, we investigated the effect of high light on C. reinhardtii grown under photomixotrophy, i.e. in the presence of acetate, as well as under photoautotrophic growth conditions with either low or high CO(2) concentrations. Different parameters such as growth rate, chlorophyll bleaching, singlet oxygen generation, PSII photodamage and the total genomic stress response were analyzed. Although showing a similar degree of PSII photodamage, a much stronger singlet oxygen-specific response and a broader general stress response was observed in acetate and high CO(2)-supplemented cells compared with CO(2)-limited cells. These different photooxidative stress responses were correlated with the individual cellular PSII content and probably directly influenced the ROS production during exposure to high light. In addition, growth of high CO(2)-supplemented cells was more susceptible to high light stress compared with cells grown under CO(2) limitation. The growth of acetate-supplemented cultures, on the other hand, was less affected by high light treatment than cultures grown under high CO(2) concentrations, despite the similar cellular stress. This suggests that the production of ATP by mitochondrial acetate respiration protects the cells from the deleterious effects of high light stress, presumably by providing energy for an effective defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat B Fischer
- Eawag, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
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Raghavendra AS, Padmasree K. Beneficial interactions of mitochondrial metabolism with photosynthetic carbon assimilation. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2003; 8:546-53. [PMID: 14607100 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2003.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are traditionally considered to be autonomous organelles but they are not as independent as they were once thought to be. Mitochondrial metabolism, particularly the bioenergetic reactions of oxidative electron transport and phosphorylation, continue to be active in the light and are essential for sustaining photosynthetic carbon assimilation. The marked and mutually beneficial interaction between mitochondria and chloroplasts is intriguing. The key compartments within plant cells, including not only mitochondria and chloroplasts but also the peroxisomes and cytosol, appear to be in a delicate metabolic equilibrium. Disturbance of any of these compartments perturbs the metabolism of whole cell. Nevertheless, mitochondria appear to be the key players because they function during both photorespiration and dark respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agepati S Raghavendra
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, 500 046, Hyderabad, India.
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Mitochondrial Functions in the Light and Significance to Carbon-Nitrogen Interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/0-306-48138-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Pilon J, Santamaría L. Seasonal acclimation in the photosynthetic and respiratory temperature responses of three submerged freshwater macrophyte species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2001; 151:659-670. [PMID: 33853248 DOI: 10.1046/j.0028-646x.2001.00212.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
• Investigations of seasonal temperature acclimation in gas exchange are few and only exist for terrestrial and marine plants. Here we report on results obtained for three freshwater macrophyte species (Callitriche obtusangula, Potamogeton pectinatus and Potamogeton perfoliatus). • We collected plants from the field at monthly intervals and measured photosynthetic and respiratory temperature-response curves. Fitted and calculated parameters were derived from the curves and a simple model was used to evaluate the acclimative capacity to seasonal variation in water temperature. • For all species, optimum temperatures for gross photosynthesis showed little temporal variation. In addition, the shape of the temperature-response curves at suboptimal temperature was not optimized to temporal differences in water temperature. The only consistent seasonal trend in gas exchange was a gradual decrease in photosynthetic and respiratory capacity over time. • Our measurements and model predictions did not point to an acclimative seasonal response in the thermal dependence of oxygen exchange. Hence, we conclude that either other processes constrain the plants' response, or temporal variation in water temperature is less important than seasonal loss of photosynthetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Pilon
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Centre for Limnology, Rijksstraatweg 6, 3631 AC Nieuwersluis, The Netherlands
| | - Luis Santamaría
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Centre for Limnology, Rijksstraatweg 6, 3631 AC Nieuwersluis, The Netherlands
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Trivedi PK, Reddy MS, Sane PV. Plastid gene expression is not associated with midday depression in CO(2) assimilation and electron transport. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2000; 155:187-192. [PMID: 10814822 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-9452(00)00218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of diurnal variations on chloroplastic electron transport as well as accumulation of gene products associated with it, studies were carried out on Populus deltoides, a tree species. Electron transport studies showed two peak responses as a large diurnal change with pronounced midday depression in whole chain (H(2)O--> MV) as well as partial reactions for PSII (H(2)O-->PBQ) and PSI (DCPIP-->MV). The electron transport rates first increased from 05:00 h to a maximum at around 09:00 h and then showed a decrease at 13:00 h followed by recovery and further decrease. The pigments associated with electron transport chain did not show any change during the day. Surprisingly midday depression in the accumulation of transcripts and polypeptides related to electron transport was not observed. This suggests that chloroplastic gene expression is not associated with the midday depression observed for both CO(2) assimilation and electron transport. Studies on the transcripts of psbD/C operon during the day showed that there were differences in the processing pattern although the steady state levels of the processed transcripts of this operon did not show any variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- PK Trivedi
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Chaturvedi R, Shyam R. Degradation and de novo synthesis of D1 protein and psbA transcript levels in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during UV-B inactivation of photosynthesis and its reactivation. J Biosci 2000; 25:65-71. [PMID: 10824200 DOI: 10.1007/bf02985183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UV-B induces intensity and time dependent inhibition of photosynthetic O2 evolution and PS II electron transport activity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The D1 and D2 proteins of chloroplast membranes are rapidly and specifically degraded in the course of irradiation of cells to UV-B. Continuous synthesis of the two proteins was essential for the repair of damaged PS II as chloramphenicol accelerated UV-B inactivation of photosynthesis and prevented photoreactivation. Northern analysis revealed that UV-B also affected the expression of psbA gene coding for the D1 protein. Cells showing 72% inhibition of PS II activity, revealed a modest net loss of 25% in the level of D1 protein. This shows that synthesis of D1 protein is not the only component involved in the recovery process. Our results indicate that besides affecting the synthesis of the D1 protein UV-B may impair certain post-translational events, which in turn may limit the repair of damaged PS II.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chaturvedi
- Stress Physiology Laboratory, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India
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Ekelund NG. Interactions between photosynthesis and 'light-enhanced dark respiration' (LEDR) in the flagellate Euglena gracilis after irradiation with ultraviolet radiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2000; 55:63-9. [PMID: 10877069 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(00)00029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of ultraviolet radiation (UV-A, 315-400 nm plus UV-B, 280-315 nm) on photosynthesis and 'light-enhanced dark respiration' (LEDR) in Euglena gracilis have been investigated by using light pulses (80 s) with increasing photon fluence rates of 59, 163, 600, 1180, 2080 and 3340 micromol m(-2) s(-1) and dark periods between the light pulses. LEDR is estimated as the maximum rate of oxygen consumption after a period of light minus the rate of oxygen consumption 30 s after the maximum rate. Without any exposure to UV radiation, the photosynthetic rate and LEDR increase with increasing photon fluence rate. After 20 and 40 min exposures to UV radiation, the photosynthetic rate and LEDR as functions of photon fluence rate are reduced. After a 20 min UV treatment respiration is greater than photosynthesis after the first light pulse of 59 micromol m(-2) s(-1) radiation, and especially at higher photon fluence rates photosynthesis is lower than the control values. The inhibitory effects of UV radiation on photosynthetic rate and LEDR are greater after a 40 min UV exposure than after a 20 min exposure. Only at 600 micromol m(-2) s(-1) is the rate of oxygen evolution greater than that of oxygen consumption after a 40 min UV treatment. Both photosynthetic rate and LEDR are inhibited by the photosynthetic inhibitor DCMU (10(-5) M) in a similar way, which indicates close regulatory interactions between photosynthesis and LEDR. Potassium cyanide (KCN) inhibits dark respiration more than it inhibits LEDR. Dark respiration is not affected to the same degree by UV radiation as are photosynthesis and LEDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Ekelund
- Mid Sweden University, Department of Applied Science, Härnösand, Sweden
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Constant S, Eisenberg-Domovitch Y, Ohad I, Kirilovsky D. Recovery of photosystem II activity in photoinhibited synechocystis cells: light-dependent translation activity is required besides light-independent synthesis of the D1 protein. Biochemistry 2000; 39:2032-41. [PMID: 10684653 DOI: 10.1021/bi9914154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Irreversible photoinactivation of photosystem II (PSII) results in the degradation of the reaction center II D1 protein. In Synechocystis PCC 6714 cells, recovery of PSII activity requires illumination. The rates of photoinactivation and recovery of PSII activity in the light are similar in cells grown in minimal (MM) or glucose-containing medium (GM). Reassembly of PSII with newly synthesized proteins requires degradation of the D1 protein of the photoinactivated PSII. This process may occur in darkness in both types of cells. The degraded D1 protein is, however, only partially replaced by newly synthesized protein in MM cells in darkness while a high level of D1 protein synthesis occurs in darkness in the GM cells. The newly synthesized D1 protein in darkness appears to be assembled with other PSII proteins. However, PSII activity is not recovered in such cells. Illumination of the cells in absence but not in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors allows recovery of PSII activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Constant
- Laboratoire de Photoregulation et Dynamique des Membranes Vegetales, UMR 8543, CNRS, Ecole Normale Superieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75230 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Photoinhibition of photosynthesis without net loss of photosystem II components inPopulus deltoides. J Biosci 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02703237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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