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Siddiqui ZS, Nida K, Cho JI, Rehman Y, Abideen Z. Physiological and photochemical profiling of soybean plant using biological and chemical methods of treatment against biotic stress management. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 208:108454. [PMID: 38452449 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Phyto-pathogenic fungal species is a leading biotic stress factor to agri-food production and ecosystem of globe. Chemical (Systemic fungicides) and biological treatment (micro-organism) are globally accepted methods that are being used against biotic stress (disease) management. Plant Growth-Promoting Microbes are being used as an alternative to ease chemical dependency as their overdoses have generated injurious effects on plants and environment. Therefore, present study performs to evaluate the photochemical and physiological profiling of plants exposed to chemical and biological treatment in biotic stress (disease) environment. Two concentrations of each chemical treatment i.e. Topsin-M 70 (Dimethyl 4,4'-o-phenylene bis 3-thioallaphanate, MF1 = 3 g kg-1 and MF2 = 6 g kg-1 seeds) and biological treatment i.e. Trichoderma harzianum strain Th-6 (MT1 = 106 spores mL-1and MT2 = 107 spores mL-1) were used in this experiment. Macrophomina phaseolina (MP) were used as biotic stress factor causing root rot disease in soybean plants. Morpho-physiological assessments and light harvesting efficiency of photosystem II were conducted after 52 days of treatment. Maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), number and size of active reaction center (Fv/Fo), photochemical quenching (qP), efficiency of photosystem II (ΦPSII), electron transport rate (ETR), chlorophyll content index (CCI), relative water content (RWC) and stomatal conductance (SC) were increased in MT2 and MF1 treatments as compared to stress plants (MP). Biological (MT2) and chemical (MF1) treatment lessen the production of stress markers showing -48.0 to -54.3% decline in malondialdehyde (MDA) and -42.0 to -53.7% in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as compared to stress plant (MP). Biological treatment in both concentration (MF1 & MF2) while chemical treatment at low dose effectively mitigates biotic stress and eases the magnitude of disease. Increasing doses of chemical treatment persuaded deleterious effects on the physiology and light harvesting efficiency of stressed plant suggesting the role of biological treatment (T. harzianum) against biotic stress management in future of crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Komal Nida
- Stress Physiology Lab., Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jung-Il Cho
- Crop Production and Physiology Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, South Korea
| | - Yusra Rehman
- Stress Physiology Lab., Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zainul Abideen
- MAK Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Pakistan
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Chen CI, Lin KH, Huang MY, Yao KY, Huang CC, Lin TC, Chu EL, Yang JD, Wang CW. Photo-protection and photo-inhibition during light induction in Barbula indica and Conocephalum conicum under different light gradients. Photosynth Res 2024; 159:191-202. [PMID: 37335528 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to measure the chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) parameters of Barbula indica (Hook.) Spreng and Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dumort subjected to various light intensities (LI) as a reflection of their adaptability to their habitats. The electron transport rate (ETR) of all plants under 500 μmol m-2 s-1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was significantly higher than other LI treatments, implying that these plants could be grown under a specific and optimal light intensity adapted to 500 PPFD conditions. As LI increased from 50 to 2,000 PPFD, we observed in all plants increased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and photo-inhibitory quenching (qI) and decreased photosystem II efficiency (ΦPSII), potential quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), actual PSII efficiency (ΔF/Fm'%), and Fv/Fm%. In addition, energy-dependent quenching (qE), the light protection system (qE + qZ + qT), and qI increased as ΦPSII decreased and photo-inhibition% increased under 1000, 1500, and 2000 PPFD conditions, suggesting that these plants had higher photo-protective ability under high LI treatments to maintain higher photosynthetic system performance. B. indica plants remained photochemically active and maintained higher qE under 300, 500, and 1000 PPFD, whereas C. conicum qZ + qT exhibited higher photo-protection under 500, 1000, and 1500 PPFD conditions. These ChlF indices can be used for predicting photosynthetic responses to light induction in different bryophytes and provide a theoretical basis for ecological monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-I Chen
- Department of Forestry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, 11114, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Meng-Yuan Huang
- Department of Life Sciences and Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuei-Yu Yao
- Department of Forestry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Tzu-Chao Lin
- Endemic Species Research Institute, Nantou, 552203, Taiwan, ROC
| | - En-Liang Chu
- Endemic Species Research Institute, Nantou, 552203, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jia-Dong Yang
- Endemic Species Research Institute, Nantou, 552203, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Ching-Wen Wang
- Endemic Species Research Institute, Nantou, 552203, Taiwan, ROC.
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Lin J, Zhou L, Wu J, Han X, Zhao B, Chen M, Liu L. Water stress significantly affects the diurnal variation of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF): A case study for winter wheat. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:168256. [PMID: 37924891 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Remote sensing of Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has been widely used in estimating Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and detecting stress in terrestrial ecosystems. Water stress adversely impacts the growth, development, and productivity of a plant. Recently, the characterizing and understanding of the diurnal cycling of plant functioning and ecosystem processes has been explored using SIF. However, the diurnal response of SIF to different levels of water stress remains unclear. This study conducted field experiments on winter wheat by subjecting it to different levels of water stress including well-watered (CK) and, mild, moderate, and severe water stress (D1, D2, D3), and collected the spectral data using an automated SIF measurement system. The results observed the strong SIF-PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) correlations and that these relationships gradually decoupled with increasing water stress, which further decreased the accuracy of temporal upscaling of far-red SIF from an instantaneous to daily scale. To quantify the characteristics of diurnal far-red SIF, five indices including peak time, peak value, curve opening coefficient (leading coefficient of the parabola), and left/right slopes of the peak were proposed. The results demonstrated that diurnal far-red SIF was characterized by an earlier peak time, decreasing peak value, wider curve opening, and flattening right slope from the CK plot to the D3 plot. There were certain mechanisms linking the different indices, for example, between peak size and opening coefficient. Furthermore, the response of far-red SIF to water stress was most pronounced at noon. SIF/PAR exhibited a more significant response to varying water stress compared to far-red SIF, which mitigated the negative influence of PAR variations on diurnal SIF. These findings contribute to the monitoring of plant water dynamics at fine temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Litao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xinyi Han
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bingyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Leizhen Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Pupillo P, Sparla F, Melandri BA, Trost P. The circadian night depression of photosynthesis analyzed in a herb, Pulmonaria vallarsae. Day/night quantitative relationships. Photosynth Res 2022; 154:143-153. [PMID: 36087250 PMCID: PMC9630222 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00956-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although many photosynthesis related processes are known to be controlled by the circadian system, consequent changes in photosynthetic activities are poorly understood. Photosynthesis was investigated during the daily cycle by chlorophyll fluorescence using a PAM fluorometer in Pulmonaria vallarsae subsp. apennina, an understory herb. A standard test consists of a light induction pretreatment followed by light response curve (LRC). Comparison of the major diagnostic parameters collected during day and night showed a nocturnal drop of photosynthetic responses, more evident in water-limited plants and consisting of: (i) strong reduction of flash-induced fluorescence peaks (FIP), maximum linear electron transport rate (Jmax, ETREM) and effective PSII quantum yield (ΦPSII); (ii) strong enhancement of nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and (iii) little or no change in photochemical quenching qP, maximum quantum yield of linear electron transport (Φ), and shape of LRC (θ). A remarkable feature of day/night LRCs at moderate to high irradiance was their linear-parallel course in double-reciprocal plots. Photosynthesis was also monitored in plants subjected to 2-3 days of continuous darkness ("long night"). In such conditions, plants exhibited high but declining peaks of photosynthetic activity during subjective days and a low, constant value with elevated NPQ during subjective night tests. The photosynthetic parameters recorded in subjective days in artificial darkness resembled those under natural day conditions. On the basis of the evidence, we suggest a circadian component and a biochemical feedback inhibition to explain the night depression of photosynthesis in P. vallarsae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pupillo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna Alma Mater, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Sparla
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna Alma Mater, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Bruno A Melandri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna Alma Mater, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trost
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna Alma Mater, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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Gupta N, Kanojia A, Katiyar A, Mudgil Y. Molecular Characterization of NDL1-AGB1 Mediated Salt Stress Signaling: Further Exploration of the Role of NDL1 Interacting Partners. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092261. [PMID: 34571915 PMCID: PMC8472134 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is considered to be the most severe abiotic stress. High soil salinity leads to osmotic and ionic toxicity, resulting in reduced plant growth and crop production. The role of G-proteins during salt stresses is well established. AGB1, a G-protein subunit, not only plays an important role during regulation of Na+ fluxes in roots, but is also involved in the translocation of Na+ from roots to shoots. N-Myc Downregulated like 1 (NDL1) is an interacting partner of G protein βγ subunits and C-4 domain of RGS1 in Arabidopsis. Our recent in-planta expression analysis of NDL1 reported changes in patterns during salt stress. Based on these expression profiles, we have carried out functional characterization of the AGB1-NDL1 module during salinity stress. Using various available mutant and overexpression lines of NDL1 and AGB1, we found that NDL1 acts as a negative regulator during salt stress response at the seedling stage, an opposite response to that of AGB1. On the other hand, during the germination phase of the plant, this role is reversed, indicating developmental and tissue specific regulation. To elucidate the mechanism of the AGB1-NDL1 module, we investigated the possible role of the three NDL1 stress specific interactors, namely ANNAT1, SLT1, and IDH-V, using yeast as a model. The present study revealed that NDL1 acts as a modulator of salt stress response, wherein it can have both positive as well as negative functions during salinity stress. Our findings suggest that the NDL1 mediated stress response depends on its developmental stage-specific expression patterns as well as the differential presence and interaction of the stress-specific interactors.
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Pfündel EE. Simultaneously measuring pulse-amplitude-modulated (PAM) chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves at wavelengths shorter and longer than 700 nm. Photosynth Res 2021; 147:345-358. [PMID: 33528756 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PAM fluorescence of leaves of cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) was measured simultaneously in the spectral range below 700 nm (sw) and above 700 nm (lw). A high-sensitivity photodiode was employed to measure the low intensities of sw fluorescence. Photosystem II (PSII) performance was analyzed by the saturation pulse method during a light response curve with subsequent dark phase. The sw fluorescence was more variable, resulting in higher PSII photochemical yields compared to lw fluorescence. The variations between sw and lw data were explained by different levels of photosystem I (PSI) fluorescence: the contribution of PSI fluorescence to minimum fluorescence (F0) was calculated to be 14% at sw wavelengths and 45% at lw wavelengths. With the results obtained, the validity of an earlier method for the quantification of PSI fluorescence (Genty et al. in Photosynth Res 26:133-139, 1990, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00047085 ) was reconsidered. After subtracting PSI fluorescence from all fluorescence levels, the maximum PSII photochemical yield (FV/FM) in the sw range was 0.862 and it was 0.883 in the lw range. The lower FV/FM at sw wavelengths was suggested to arise from inactive PSII reaction centers in the outermost leaf layers. Polyphasic fluorescence transients (OJIP or OI1I2P kinetics) were recorded simultaneously at sw and lw wavelengths: the slowest phase of the kinetics (IP or I2P) corresponded to 11% and 13% of total variable sw and lw fluorescence, respectively. The idea that this difference is due to variable PSI fluorescence is critically discussed. Potential future applications of simultaneously recording fluorescence in two spectral windows include studies of PSI non-photochemical quenching and state I-state II transitions, as well as measuring the fluorescence from pH-sensitive dyes simultaneously with chlorophyll fluorescence.
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Lysenko V, Kosolapov A, Usova E, Tatosyan M, Varduny T, Dmitriev P, Rajput V, Krasnov V, Kunitsina A. Chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics and oxygen evolution in Chlorella vulgaris cells: Blue vs. red light. J Plant Physiol 2021; 258-259:153392. [PMID: 33636555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen evolution and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics in cells of the Chlorella vulgaris strain (Europolytest, Russia) were studied under low, moderate and high photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD 40, 130 and 350 μmol photons m-2 s-1) of the red and blue actinic light. A novel method of a pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) Fourier chlorophyll fluorometry was applied to obtain photoinduction curves simultaneously for the red and blue measuring light for one sample. It was found that the red light did not induce oxygen evolution at low and moderate PPFD, whereas at high PPFD it caused a declining oxygen release. There was only a trace fluorescence kinetics at the low PPFD, but noticeable fluorescence kinetics under the red light was observed at the low and moderate PPFD. Particularly, the moderate red illumination of Chlorella cells excited a high chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics along with the absence of oxygen evolution that suggests anoxygenic photosynthesis. In contrast, the blue light induced a significant oxygen evolution as well as fluorescence kinetics already at low PPFD which were both further increased with the PPFD increasing. In addition, a high value of the chromatic divergence of quantum yield of photosystem II was revealed between the red and blue measuring light under high PPFD of the red actinic light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Lysenko
- Southern Federal University, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
| | - Aleksey Kosolapov
- Russian Information-Analytical and Water Management Research Center, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Elena Usova
- Russian Information-Analytical and Water Management Research Center, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Margarita Tatosyan
- Russian Information-Analytical and Water Management Research Center, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Tatyana Varduny
- Southern Federal University, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Pavel Dmitriev
- Southern Federal University, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Vishnu Rajput
- Southern Federal University, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Vladimir Krasnov
- Russian Information-Analytical and Water Management Research Center, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; Rostov State Medical University, Department of General and Clinical Biochemistry No. 1, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Anastasiya Kunitsina
- Southern Federal University, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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Yu K, Wang J, Sun C, Liu X, Xu H, Yang Y, Dong L, Zhang D. High-density QTL mapping of leaf-related traits and chlorophyll content in three soybean RIL populations. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:470. [PMID: 33050902 PMCID: PMC7556954 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf size and shape, which affect light capture, and chlorophyll content are important factors affecting photosynthetic efficiency. Genetic variation of these components significantly affects yield potential and seed quality. Identification of the genetic basis for these traits and the relationship between them is of great practical significance for achieving ideal plant architecture and high photosynthetic efficiency for improved yield. RESULTS Here, we undertook a large-scale linkage mapping study using three mapping populations to determine the genetic interplay between soybean leaf-related traits and chlorophyll content across two environments. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between leaf size and shape, while both traits were positively correlated with chlorophyll content. This phenotypic relationship was verified across the three mapping populations as determined by principal component analysis, suggesting that these traits are under the control of complex and interrelated genetic components. The QTLs for leaf-related traits and chlorophyll are partly shared, which further supports the close genetic relationship between the two traits. The largest-effect major loci, q20, was stably identified across all population and environments and harbored the narrow leaflet gene Gm-JAG1 (Ln/ln), which is a key regulator of leaflet shape in soybean. CONCLUSION Our results uncover several major QTLs (q4-1, q4-2, q11, q13, q18 and q20) and its candidate genes specific or common to leaf-related traits and chlorophyll, and also show a complex epistatic interaction between the two traits. The SNP markers closely linked to these valuable QTLs could be used for molecular design breeding with improved plant architecture, photosynthetic capacity and even yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiye Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Jinshe Wang
- Zhengzhou National Subcenter for Soybean Improvement, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Chongyuan Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Huanqing Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Yuming Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Lidong Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong China
| | - Dan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Agronomy College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
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Cael BB, Chase A, Boss E. Information content of absorption spectra and implications for ocean color inversion. Appl Opt 2020; 59:3971-3984. [PMID: 32400669 DOI: 10.1364/ao.389189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of hyperspectral optical data in oceanography, both in situ and via remote sensing, holds the potential to significantly advance characterization of marine ecology and biogeochemistry because, in principle, hyperspectral data can provide much more detailed inferences of ecosystem properties via inversion. Effective inferences, however, require careful consideration of the close similarity of different signals of interest, and how these interplay with measurement error and uncertainty to reduce the degrees of freedom (DoF) of hyperspectral measurements. Here we discuss complementary approaches to quantify the DoF in hyperspectral measurements in the case of in situ particulate absorption measurements, though these approaches can also be used on other such data, e.g., ocean color remote sensing. Analyses suggest intermediate (${\sim}5 $∼5) DoF for our dataset of global hyperspectral particulate absorption spectra from the Tara Oceans expedition, meaning that these data can yield coarse community structure information. Empirically, chlorophyll is an effective first-order predictor of absorption spectra, meaning that error characteristics and the mathematics of inversion need to be carefully considered for hyperspectral data to provide information beyond that which chlorophyll provides. We also discuss other useful analytical tools that can be applied to this problem and place our results in the context of hyperspectral remote sensing.
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Pan T, Wang Y, Wang L, Ding J, Cao Y, Qin G, Yan L, Xi L, Zhang J, Zou Z. Increased CO 2 and light intensity regulate growth and leaf gas exchange in tomato. Physiol Plant 2020; 168:694-708. [PMID: 31376304 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide concentration (CO2 ) and light intensity are known to play important roles in plant growth and carbon assimilation. Nevertheless, the underlying physiological mechanisms have not yet been fully explored. Tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. cv. Jingpeng No. 1) were exposed to two levels of CO2 and three levels of light intensity and the effects on growth, leaf gas exchange and water use efficiency were investigated. Elevated CO2 and increased light intensity promoted growth, dry matter accumulation and pigment concentration and together the seedling health index. Elevated CO2 had no significant effect on leaf nitrogen content but did significantly upregulate Calvin cycle enzyme activity. Increased CO2 and light intensity promoted photosynthesis, both on a leaf-area basis and on a chlorophyll basis. Increased CO2 also increased light-saturated maximum photosynthetic rate, apparent quantum efficiency and carboxylation efficiency and, together with increased light intensity, it raised photosynthetic capacity. However, increased CO2 reduced transpiration and water consumption across different levels of light intensity, thus significantly increasing both leaf-level and plant-level water use efficiency. Among the range of treatments imposed, the combination of increased CO2 (800 µmol CO2 mol-1 ) and high light intensity (400 µmol m-2 s-1 ) resulted in optimal growth and carbon assimilation. We conclude that the combination of increased CO2 and increased light intensity worked synergistically to promote growth, photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency by upregulation of pigment concentration, Calvin cycle enzyme activity, light energy use and CO2 fixation. Increased CO2 also lowered transpiration and hence water usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghua Pan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
- Research Center of Facility Agriculture Engineering Technology, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
- Research Center of Facility Agriculture Engineering Technology, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Linghui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Juanjuan Ding
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
- Research Center of Facility Agriculture Engineering Technology, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yanfei Cao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
- Research Center of Facility Agriculture Engineering Technology, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Gege Qin
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
- Research Center of Facility Agriculture Engineering Technology, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Lulu Yan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
- Research Center of Facility Agriculture Engineering Technology, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Linjie Xi
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
- Research Center of Facility Agriculture Engineering Technology, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
- Research Center of Facility Agriculture Engineering Technology, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhirong Zou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
- Research Center of Facility Agriculture Engineering Technology, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China
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11
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Ye ZP, Liu YG, Kang HJ, Duan HL, Chen XM, Zhou SX. Comparing two measures of leaf photorespiration rate across a wide range of light intensities. J Plant Physiol 2019; 240:153002. [PMID: 31254740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Suppression of photorespiration by low O2 concentrations (Method 1) and simultaneous measurements of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence (Method 2) are often used to estimate leaf photorespiration rate (Rp) of C3 plants. However, it is largely unknown whether Method 1 and Method 2 can be used equivalently in estimating Rp. Using a field experiment on two wheat cultivars (T. aestivum JM22 and T. aestivum Z39-118) whose leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence at low and normal O2 concentrations (2% versus 21% O2) were simultaneously measured across a wide range of light intensities (I), this study assessed the impacts of the two measures on Rp and its response under changing irradiance conditions. All the above quantities increased with the increasing I until reaching the cultivar-specific maximum values and the corresponding saturation light intensities. However, there were significant differences between Rp estimated by Method 1 and Method 2 at the I range from 150 to 2000 μmol m-2 s-1 for T. aestivum JM22 and from 150 to 1000 μmol m-2 s-1 for T. aestivum Z39-118. These findings demonstrated that the two methods cannot be used equivalently under changing irradiance conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Piao Ye
- Maths and Physics College, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yu-Guo Liu
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hua-Jing Kang
- Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou 325006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong-Lang Duan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Xian-Mao Chen
- Soil Fertilizer and Environmental Resources Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Shuang-Xi Zhou
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Hawke's Bay 4130, New Zealand.
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12
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Magney TS, Bowling DR, Logan BA, Grossmann K, Stutz J, Blanken PD, Burns SP, Cheng R, Garcia MA, Kӧhler P, Lopez S, Parazoo NC, Raczka B, Schimel D, Frankenberg C. Mechanistic evidence for tracking the seasonality of photosynthesis with solar-induced fluorescence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:11640-11645. [PMID: 31138693 PMCID: PMC6575630 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1900278116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Northern hemisphere evergreen forests assimilate a significant fraction of global atmospheric CO2 but monitoring large-scale changes in gross primary production (GPP) in these systems is challenging. Recent advances in remote sensing allow the detection of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) emission from vegetation, which has been empirically linked to GPP at large spatial scales. This is particularly important in evergreen forests, where traditional remote-sensing techniques and terrestrial biosphere models fail to reproduce the seasonality of GPP. Here, we examined the mechanistic relationship between SIF retrieved from a canopy spectrometer system and GPP at a winter-dormant conifer forest, which has little seasonal variation in canopy structure, needle chlorophyll content, and absorbed light. Both SIF and GPP track each other in a consistent, dynamic fashion in response to environmental conditions. SIF and GPP are well correlated (R2 = 0.62-0.92) with an invariant slope over hourly to weekly timescales. Large seasonal variations in SIF yield capture changes in photoprotective pigments and photosystem II operating efficiency associated with winter acclimation, highlighting its unique ability to precisely track the seasonality of photosynthesis. Our results underscore the potential of new satellite-based SIF products (TROPOMI, OCO-2) as proxies for the timing and magnitude of GPP in evergreen forests at an unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy S Magney
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125;
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109
| | - David R Bowling
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Barry A Logan
- Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04287
| | - Katja Grossmann
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jochen Stutz
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Peter D Blanken
- Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Sean P Burns
- Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
- Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301
| | - Rui Cheng
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Maria A Garcia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Philipp Kӧhler
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Sophia Lopez
- Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04287
| | - Nicholas C Parazoo
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109
| | - Brett Raczka
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - David Schimel
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109
| | - Christian Frankenberg
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125;
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109
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13
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Hussain S, Iqbal N, Brestic M, Raza MA, Pang T, Langham DR, Safdar ME, Ahmed S, Wen B, Gao Y, Liu W, Yang W. Changes in morphology, chlorophyll fluorescence performance and Rubisco activity of soybean in response to foliar application of ionic titanium under normal light and shade environment. Sci Total Environ 2019; 658:626-637. [PMID: 30580217 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) is considered an essential element for plant growth; however, its role in crop performance through stimulating the activities of certain enzymes, enhancing chlorophyll content and photosynthesis, and improving crop morphology and growth requires more study. We therefore conducted a laboratory experiments to study the effects of ionic Ti application on morphology, growth, biomass distribution, chlorophyll fluorescence performance and Rubisco activity of soybean (Glycine max L.) under normal light (NL) and shade conditions (SC). In this study, we sprayed soybean plants with five different levels of ionic Ti (T1 = 0, T2 = 1.25, T3 = 2.5, T4 = 5 and T5 = 10 mg Ti Plant-1) through foliar application method. Our results show that with increasing moderate (2.5 mg Ti Plant-1) Ti concentration, the chlorophyll pigments (chlorophyll [Chl] a, b, carotenoid [Car]), plant biomass, photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), and electron transport rate (ETR) of soybean increased, but higher levels (5-10 mg Ti Plant-1), resulted in leaf anatomical and chloroplast structural disruptions under both NL and SC. Soybean plants showed maximum biomass, leaf area, leaf thickness, Chl a, b, Car, Rubisco activity, Fv/Fm and ETR for T3 at 2.5 mg Ti Plant-1; however, declined significantly for T5 at high concentration of 10 mg Plant-1. In NL, the application of 2.5 mg Ti Plant-1 (T3) increased the Chl a, b, and total Chl contents 40, 20, and 27% as compared to control treatment (T1). In SC, the application of 1.25 mg Ti mg Plant-1 (T2) increased the Chl a, b, and total Chl contents 38, 19, and 14% as compared to control treatment. In NL, the Fv/Fm, qP, PSII, and ETR were higher in the T3 treatment over the T1 (control) by 7, 0.3, 16, and 16%, respectively. In SC, the Fv/Fm, qP, PSII, and ETR were higher in the T3 treatment over the T1 (control) by 5, 5, 19, and 19%, respectively. Moreover, Rubisco activity was at peak (55 and 6% increase under NL and SC) at 2.5 mg Ti Plant-1and decreased with increasing Ti concentration, reaching the lowest at 10 mg Ti Plant-1, which indicates that leaf cells were damaged as observed in the leaf anatomy. We concluded that ionic Ti expresses a hormesis effect: at lower concentrations, promoting soybean growth, however, at higher concentrations, suppressing soybean growth both under NL and SC. We therefore suggest that under different light stress conditions, Ti application could serve to mitigate abiotic stresses, especially in intercropping systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Hussain
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Nasir Iqbal
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | | | - Muhammad Ali Raza
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ting Pang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | | | | | - Shoaib Ahmed
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Bingxiao Wen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yang Gao
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China.
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14
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Liu N, Zhong G, Zhou J, Liu Y, Pang Y, Cai H, Wu Z. Separate and combined effects of glyphosate and copper on growth and antioxidative enzymes in Salvinia natans (L.) All. Sci Total Environ 2019; 655:1448-1456. [PMID: 30577136 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The coexistence of glyphosate and copper is widely found in bodies of water and terrestrial ecosystems due to widespread application of herbicides and heavy metal. However, their joint ecotoxicological risks in aquatic environments remain unknown. The experiment investigated the individual and combined effects of glyphosate and copper on the growth and physiological response in Salvinia natans (L.) All. The results showed that their joint toxicity is related to concentration. Antagonistic effects were induced when plants were exposed to low concentrations of glyphosate and copper (≤1 + 0.2 mg l-1). Synergistic effects were elicited at higher doses (≥5 + 1 mg l-1). In addition, increased hydrogen peroxide levels indicated the occurrence of oxidative stress at individual or combined exposures. To cope with oxidative stress, S. natans can activate the antioxidant defense systems, including increased superoxide dismutase and changes in peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase. High concentrations of combined pollution exceed the oxidative defense capabilities of plants, and therefore, malondialdehyde content increased significantly. Our results indicated that the ecotoxicity of glyphosate or copper may be exacerbated in aquatic environments and caused obvious damage to S. natans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Liu
- The National Field Station of Lake Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guidi Zhong
- The National Field Station of Lake Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jianan Zhou
- The National Field Station of Lake Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- The National Field Station of Lake Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yijian Pang
- The National Field Station of Lake Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huan Cai
- The National Field Station of Lake Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- The National Field Station of Lake Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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15
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Antal TK, Maslakov A, Yakovleva OV, Krendeleva TE, Riznichenko GY, Rubin AB. Simulation of chlorophyll fluorescence rise and decay kinetics, and P 700-related absorbance changes by using a rule-based kinetic Monte-Carlo method. Photosynth Res 2018; 138:191-206. [PMID: 30062532 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0564-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A model of primary photosynthetic reactions in the thylakoid membrane was developed and its validity was tested by simulating three types of experimental kinetic curves: (1) the light-induced chlorophyll a fluorescence rise (OJIP transients) reflecting the stepwise transition of the photosynthetic electron transport chain from the oxidized to the fully reduced state; (2) the dark relaxation of the flash-induced fluorescence yield attributed to the QA- oxidation kinetics in PSII; and (3) the light-induced absorbance changes near 820 or 705 nm assigned to the redox transitions of P700 in PSI. A model was implemented by using a rule-based kinetic Monte-Carlo method and verified by simulating experimental curves under different treatments including photosynthetic inhibitors, heat stress, anaerobic conditions, and very high light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Antal
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991.
| | - A Maslakov
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
| | - O V Yakovleva
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
| | - T E Krendeleva
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
| | - G Yu Riznichenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
| | - A B Rubin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
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16
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Huang W, Suorsa M, Zhang SB. In vivo regulation of thylakoid proton motive force in immature leaves. Photosynth Res 2018; 138:207-218. [PMID: 30056561 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In chloroplast, proton motive force (pmf) is critical for ATP synthesis and photoprotection. To prevent photoinhibition of photosynthetic apparatus, proton gradient (ΔpH) across the thylakoid membranes needs to be built up to minimize the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in thylakoid membranes. However, the regulation of thylakoid pmf in immature leaves is little known. In this study, we compared photosynthetic electron sinks, P700 redox state, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), and electrochromic shift (ECS) signal in immature and mature leaves of a cultivar of Camellia. The immature leaves displayed lower linear electron flow and cyclic electron flow, but higher levels of NPQ and P700 oxidation ratio under high light. Meanwhile, we found that pmf and ΔpH were higher in the immature leaves. Furthermore, the immature leaves showed significantly lower thylakoid proton conductivity than mature leaves. These results strongly indicated that immature leaves can build up enough ΔpH by modulating proton efflux from the lumenal side to the stromal side of thylakoid membranes, which is essential to prevent photoinhibition via thermal energy dissipation and photosynthetic control of electron transfer. This study highlights that the activity of chloroplast ATP synthase is a key safety valve for photoprotection in immature leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
| | | | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
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17
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Derks AK, Bruce D. Rapid regulation of excitation energy in two pennate diatoms from contrasting light climates. Photosynth Res 2018; 138:149-165. [PMID: 30008155 PMCID: PMC6208626 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is a fast acting photoprotective response to high light stress triggered by over excitation of photosystem II. The mechanism for NPQ in the globally important diatom algae has been principally attributed to a xanthophyll cycle, analogous to the well-described qE quenching of higher plants. This study compared the short-term NPQ responses in two pennate, benthic diatom species cultured under identical conditions but which originate from unique light climates. Variable chlorophyll fluorescence was used to monitor photochemical and non-photochemical excitation energy dissipation during high light transitions; whereas whole cell steady state 77 K absorption and emission were used to measure high light elicited changes in the excited state landscapes of the thylakoid. The marine shoreline species Nitzschia curvilineata was found to have an antenna system capable of entering a deeply quenched, yet reversible state in response to high light, with NPQ being highly sensitive to dithiothreitol (a known inhibitor of the xanthophyll cycle). Conversely, the salt flat species Navicula sp. 110-1 exhibited a less robust NPQ that remained largely locked-in after the light stress was removed; however, a lower amplitude, but now highly reversible NPQ persisted in cells treated with dithiothreitol. Furthermore, dithiothreitol inhibition of NPQ had no functional effect on the ability of Navicula cells to balance PSII excitation/de-excitation. These different approaches for non-photochemical excitation energy dissipation are discussed in the context of native light climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen K Derks
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, Saint Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Doug Bruce
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, Saint Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
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18
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Kwon BO, Kim HC, Koh CH, Ryu J, Son S, Kim YH, Khim JS. Development of temperature-based algorithms for the estimation of microphytobenthic primary production in a tidal flat: A case study in Daebu mudflat, Korea. Environ Pollut 2018; 241:115-123. [PMID: 29803025 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the results of field experiments that were designed to investigate the photophysiological characteristics of microphytobenthos (MPB) and to estimate primary production (PP) in Daebu mudflat, which is located at the west coast of Korea. A typical seasonal (or monthly) fluctuation of intertidal MPB PP was found in association with biotic (benthic Chl-a) and/or abiotic parameters (irradiance and temperature) over a period of three years. From a series of field-laboratory experiments using the oxygen micro-profiling method (totaling 28 surveys), three consistent phenomena were observed: 1) winter to early spring algal blooms, 2) seasonal changes in Q10, and 3) temperature dependent MPB photosynthesis-irradiance (P-I). In particular, both the chlorophyll-specific maximum photosynthetic capacity (Pbmax) and the saturated light intensity (Ik), derived from 126 P-I curves (1870 data sets of oxygen micro-profiling in the sediment), were significantly correlated with sediment temperature (p < 0.01). To develop an empirical MPB PP model, the relationships between P-I parameters and environmental variables were parameterized following established exponential forms (e.g., Q10). It was possible to estimate the MPB PP in Daebu mudflat area by using easily accessible explanatory factor, suitable to be used for future explorations of parameters such as sediment temperature, irradiance, chlorophyll concentration, and tidal height. The estimated annual MPB PP based on the empirical PP model were found to be greater than that in the Wadden Sea and average annual PP in the temperate zones of the world. Authors believe that the present approach of the MPB PP estimation could be combined with remote-sensing techniques (e.g., satellites) to support coastal ecosystem management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Oh Kwon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Cheol Kim
- I.M. Systems Group at NOAA/NWS/NECP/EMC, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Chul-Hwan Koh
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongseong Ryu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Anyang University, Ganghwagun, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - SeungHyun Son
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Yong Hoon Kim
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, PA, USA
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Li J, Wang X, Lin X, Yan G, Liu L, Zheng H, Zhao B, Tang J, Guo YD. Alginate-derived oligosaccharides promote water stress tolerance in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Plant Physiol Biochem 2018; 130:80-88. [PMID: 29980096 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Marine alginate-derived oligosaccharides (ADOs) are prepared from degraded alginate. Our experiments were carried out to determine the mechanism of ADOs to improve resistance to water stress in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). We evaluated the effects of ADOs on physiological indices, photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, and relative expression levels of drought resistance genes. The growth of drought stressed cucumber decreased markedly. However, treatment with ADOs significantly improved the diameter, fresh weight, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and chlorophyll degradation; thus, reversing the effects of drought stress. Moreover, the antioxidant levels and ROS scavenging enzyme activities also increased in response to the ADOs. Additionally, the genes involved in abscisic aid (ABA) signaling and the drought stress response, such as superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] (CsSOD(Cu-Zn)), the peroxidase superfamily protein (CsPOD3), ABA deficient 2 (CsABA2), responsive to ABA 18 (CsRAB18), abscisic acid insensitive 5 (CsABI5), responsive to dehydration 22 (CsRD22), and responsive to dehydration 29A (CsRD29A) were upregulated by ADOs. The ABA content was also improved by ADOs. Our results suggest that ADOs induced the expression of some antioxidant enzyme synthetic genes involved in the ABA signaling pathway by stimulating ABA synthesis to improve the drought resistance capacity in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- College of Horticulture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- College of Horticulture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinpeng Lin
- College of Horticulture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guofu Yan
- Beijing LEILI Marine Bioindustry Inc, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Lun Liu
- College of Horticulture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - He Zheng
- Agricultural Institute of Haidian, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Beijing LEILI Marine Bioindustry Inc, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Yang-Dong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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20
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Colombo R, Celesti M, Bianchi R, Campbell PKE, Cogliati S, Cook BD, Corp LA, Damm A, Domec JC, Guanter L, Julitta T, Middleton EM, Noormets A, Panigada C, Pinto F, Rascher U, Rossini M, Schickling A. Variability of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence according to stand age-related processes in a managed loblolly pine forest. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:2980-2996. [PMID: 29460467 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Leaf fluorescence can be used to track plant development and stress, and is considered the most direct measurement of photosynthetic activity available from remote sensing techniques. Red and far-red sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) maps were generated from high spatial resolution images collected with the HyPlant airborne spectrometer over even-aged loblolly pine plantations in North Carolina (United States). Canopy fluorescence yield (i.e., the fluorescence flux normalized by the light absorbed) in the red and far-red peaks was computed. This quantifies the fluorescence emission efficiencies that are more directly linked to canopy function compared to SIF radiances. Fluorescence fluxes and yields were investigated in relation to tree age to infer new insights on the potential of those measurements in better describing ecosystem processes. The results showed that red fluorescence yield varies with stand age. Young stands exhibited a nearly twofold higher red fluorescence yield than mature forest plantations, while the far-red fluorescence yield remained constant. We interpreted this finding in a context of photosynthetic stomatal limitation in aging loblolly pine stands. Current and future satellite missions provide global datasets of SIF at coarse spatial resolution, resulting in intrapixel mixture effects, which could be a confounding factor for fluorescence signal interpretation. To mitigate this effect, we propose a surrogate of the fluorescence yield, namely the Canopy Cover Fluorescence Index (CCFI) that accounts for the spatial variability in canopy structure by exploiting the vegetation fractional cover. It was found that spatial aggregation tended to mask the effective relationships, while the CCFI was still able to maintain this link. This study is a first attempt in interpreting the fluorescence variability in aging forest stands and it may open new perspectives in understanding long-term forest dynamics in response to future climatic conditions from remote sensing of SIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Colombo
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Celesti
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Petya K E Campbell
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sergio Cogliati
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruce D Cook
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | | | - Alexander Damm
- Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Surface Waters - Research and Management, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christophe Domec
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR 1391 INRA-ISPA, Gradignan Cedex, France
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Luis Guanter
- Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tommaso Julitta
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Asko Noormets
- Department of Forestry & Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Cinzia Panigada
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francisco Pinto
- Institute of Bio and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Uwe Rascher
- Institute of Bio and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Micol Rossini
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Anke Schickling
- Institute of Bio and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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21
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Hashimoto H, Uragami C, Yukihira N, Gardiner AT, Cogdell RJ. Understanding/unravelling carotenoid excited singlet states. J R Soc Interface 2018; 15:20180026. [PMID: 29643225 PMCID: PMC5938589 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are essential light-harvesting pigments in natural photosynthesis. They absorb in the blue-green region of the solar spectrum and transfer the absorbed energy to (bacterio-)chlorophylls, and thus expand the wavelength range of light that is able to drive photosynthesis. This process is an example of singlet-singlet excitation energy transfer, and carotenoids serve to enhance the overall efficiency of photosynthetic light reactions. The photochemistry and photophysics of carotenoids have often been interpreted by referring to those of simple polyene molecules that do not possess any functional groups. However, this may not always be wise because carotenoids usually have a number of functional groups that induce the variety of photochemical behaviours in them. These differences can also make the interpretation of the singlet excited states of carotenoids very complicated. In this article, we review the properties of the singlet excited states of carotenoids with the aim of producing as coherent a picture as possible of what is currently known and what needs to be learned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Chiasa Uragami
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Nao Yukihira
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Alastair T Gardiner
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Richard J Cogdell
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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22
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Pollastri S, Savvides A, Pesando M, Lumini E, Volpe MG, Ozudogru EA, Faccio A, De Cunzo F, Michelozzi M, Lambardi M, Fotopoulos V, Loreto F, Centritto M, Balestrini R. Impact of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on Arundo donax L. response to salt stress. Planta 2018; 247:573-585. [PMID: 29124326 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
AM symbiosis did not strongly affect Arundo donax performances under salt stress, although differences in the plants inoculated with two different fungi were recorded. The mechanisms at the basis of the improved tolerance to abiotic stresses by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have been investigated mainly focusing on food crops. In this work, the potential impact of AM symbiosis on the performance of a bioenergy crop, Arundo donax, under saline conditions was considered. Specifically, we tried to understand whether AM symbiosis helps this fast-growing plant, often widespread in marginal soils, withstand salt. A combined approach, involving eco-physiological, morphometric and biochemical measurements, was used and the effects of two different AM fungal species (Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus irregularis) were compared. Results indicate that potted A. donax plants do not suffer permanent damage induced by salt stress, but photosynthesis and growth are considerably reduced. Since A. donax is a high-yield biomass crop, reduction of biomass might be a serious agronomical problem in saline conditions. At least under the presently experienced growth conditions, and plant-AM combinations, the negative effect of salt on plant performance was not rescued by AM fungal colonization. However, some changes in plant metabolisms were observed following AM-inoculation, including a significant increase in proline accumulation and a trend toward higher isoprene emission and higher H2O2, especially in plants colonized by R. irregularis. This suggests that AM fungal symbiosis influences plant metabolism, and plant-AM fungus combination is an important factor for improving plant performance and productivity, in presence or absence of stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Pollastri
- The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), 10125 Turin (M.P., E.L., A.F., R.B.), 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, SP, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Pesando
- The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), 10125 Turin (M.P., E.L., A.F., R.B.), 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, SP, Italy
| | - Erica Lumini
- The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), 10125 Turin (M.P., E.L., A.F., R.B.), 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, SP, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonella Faccio
- The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), 10125 Turin (M.P., E.L., A.F., R.B.), 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, SP, Italy
| | | | - Marco Michelozzi
- CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Maurizio Lambardi
- CNR, Institute of Trees and Timber (IVALSA), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Loreto
- CNR, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences (DiSBA), Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Centritto
- CNR, Institute of Trees and Timber (IVALSA), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), 10125 Turin (M.P., E.L., A.F., R.B.), 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, SP, Italy.
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23
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Salesse C, Sharwood R, Sakamoto W, Stern D. The Rubisco Chaperone BSD2 May Regulate Chloroplast Coverage in Maize Bundle Sheath Cells. Plant Physiol 2017; 175:1624-1633. [PMID: 29089394 PMCID: PMC5717744 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In maize (Zea mays), Bundle Sheath Defective2 (BSD2) plays an essential role in Rubisco biogenesis and is required for correct bundle sheath (BS) cell differentiation. Yet, BSD2 RNA and protein levels are similar in mesophyll (M) and BS chloroplasts, although Rubisco accumulates only in BS chloroplasts. This raises the possibility of additional BSD2 roles in cell development. To test this hypothesis, transgenic lines were created that overexpress and underexpress BSD2 in both BS and M cells, driven by the cell type-specific Rubisco Small Subunit (RBCS) or Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase (PEPC) promoters or the ubiquitin promoter. Genetic crosses showed that each of the transgenes could complement Rubisco deficiency and seedling lethality conferred by the bsd2 mutation. This was unexpected, as RBCS-BSD2 lines lacked BSD2 in M chloroplasts and PEPC-BSD2 lines expressed half the wild-type BSD2 level in BS chloroplasts. We conclude that BSD2 does not play a vital role in M cells and that BS BSD2 is in excess of requirements for Rubisco accumulation. BSD2 levels did affect chloroplast coverage in BS cells. In PEPC-BSD2 lines, chloroplast coverage decreased 30% to 50%, whereas lines with increased BSD2 content exhibited a 25% increase. This suggests that BSD2 has an ancillary role in BS cells related to chloroplast size. Gas exchange showed decreased photosynthetic rates in PEPC-BSD2 lines despite restored Rubisco function, correlating with reduced chloroplast coverage and pointing to CO2 diffusion changes. Conversely, increased chloroplast coverage did not result in increased Rubisco abundance or photosynthetic rates. This suggests another limitation beyond chloroplast volume, most likely Rubisco biogenesis and/or turnover rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Salesse
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Robert Sharwood
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Wataru Sakamoto
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - David Stern
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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24
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Salesse C, Sharwood R, Sakamoto W, Stern D. The Rubisco Chaperone BSD2 May Regulate Chloroplast Coverage in Maize Bundle Sheath Cells. Plant Physiol 2017. [PMID: 29089394 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In maize (Zea mays), Bundle Sheath Defective2 (BSD2) plays an essential role in Rubisco biogenesis and is required for correct bundle sheath (BS) cell differentiation. Yet, BSD2 RNA and protein levels are similar in mesophyll (M) and BS chloroplasts, although Rubisco accumulates only in BS chloroplasts. This raises the possibility of additional BSD2 roles in cell development. To test this hypothesis, transgenic lines were created that overexpress and underexpress BSD2 in both BS and M cells, driven by the cell type-specific Rubisco Small Subunit (RBCS) or Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase (PEPC) promoters or the ubiquitin promoter. Genetic crosses showed that each of the transgenes could complement Rubisco deficiency and seedling lethality conferred by the bsd2 mutation. This was unexpected, as RBCS-BSD2 lines lacked BSD2 in M chloroplasts and PEPC-BSD2 lines expressed half the wild-type BSD2 level in BS chloroplasts. We conclude that BSD2 does not play a vital role in M cells and that BS BSD2 is in excess of requirements for Rubisco accumulation. BSD2 levels did affect chloroplast coverage in BS cells. In PEPC-BSD2 lines, chloroplast coverage decreased 30% to 50%, whereas lines with increased BSD2 content exhibited a 25% increase. This suggests that BSD2 has an ancillary role in BS cells related to chloroplast size. Gas exchange showed decreased photosynthetic rates in PEPC-BSD2 lines despite restored Rubisco function, correlating with reduced chloroplast coverage and pointing to CO2 diffusion changes. Conversely, increased chloroplast coverage did not result in increased Rubisco abundance or photosynthetic rates. This suggests another limitation beyond chloroplast volume, most likely Rubisco biogenesis and/or turnover rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Salesse
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Robert Sharwood
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Wataru Sakamoto
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - David Stern
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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25
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Oliver SK, Collins SM, Soranno PA, Wagner T, Stanley EH, Jones JR, Stow CA, Lottig NR. Unexpected stasis in a changing world: Lake nutrient and chlorophyll trends since 1990. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:5455-5467. [PMID: 28834575 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The United States (U.S.) has faced major environmental changes in recent decades, including agricultural intensification and urban expansion, as well as changes in atmospheric deposition and climate-all of which may influence eutrophication of freshwaters. However, it is unclear whether or how water quality in lakes across diverse ecological settings has responded to environmental change. We quantified water quality trends in 2913 lakes using nutrient and chlorophyll (Chl) observations from the Lake Multi-Scaled Geospatial and Temporal Database of the Northeast U.S. (LAGOS-NE), a collection of preexisting lake data mostly from state agencies. LAGOS-NE was used to quantify whether lake water quality has changed from 1990 to 2013, and whether lake-specific or regional geophysical factors were related to the observed changes. We modeled change through time using hierarchical linear models for total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), stoichiometry (TN:TP), and Chl. Both the slopes (percent change per year) and intercepts (value in 1990) were allowed to vary by lake and region. Across all lakes, TN declined at a rate of 1.1% year-1 , while TP, TN:TP, and Chl did not change. A minority (7%-16%) of individual lakes had changing nutrients, stoichiometry, or Chl. Of those lakes that changed, we found differences in the geospatial variables that were most related to the observed change in the response variables. For example, TN and TN:TP trends were related to region-level drivers associated with atmospheric deposition of N; TP trends were related to both lake and region-level drivers associated with climate and land use; and Chl trends were found in regions with high air temperature at the beginning of the study period. We conclude that despite large environmental change and management efforts over recent decades, water quality of lakes in the Midwest and Northeast U.S. has not overwhelmingly degraded or improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K Oliver
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sarah M Collins
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Patricia A Soranno
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Tyler Wagner
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Emily H Stanley
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John R Jones
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Craig A Stow
- NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Noah R Lottig
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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26
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Mezzetti A, Leibl W. Time-resolved infrared spectroscopy in the study of photosynthetic systems. Photosynth Res 2017; 131:121-144. [PMID: 27678250 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved (TR) infrared (IR) spectroscopy in the nanosecond to second timescale has been extensively used, in the last 30 years, in the study of photosynthetic systems. Interesting results have also been obtained at lower time resolution (minutes or even hours). In this review, we first describe the used techniques-dispersive IR, laser diode IR, rapid-scan Fourier transform (FT)IR, step-scan FTIR-underlying the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. Then, the main TR-IR results obtained so far in the investigation of photosynthetic reactions (in reaction centers, in light-harvesting systems, but also in entire membranes or even in living organisms) are presented. Finally, after the general conclusions, the perspectives in the field of TR-IR applied to photosynthesis are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mezzetti
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7197, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surfaces, 4 Pl. Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), IBITECS, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Winfried Leibl
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), IBITECS, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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27
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Bujaldon S, Kodama N, Rappaport F, Subramanyam R, de Vitry C, Takahashi Y, Wollman FA. Functional Accumulation of Antenna Proteins in Chlorophyll b-Less Mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Mol Plant 2017; 10:115-130. [PMID: 27742488 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii contains several light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complexes (LHC): four major LHCIIs, two minor LHCIIs, and nine LHCIs. We characterized three chlorophyll b-less mutants to assess the effect of chlorophyll b deficiency on the function, assembly, and stability of these chlorophyll a/b binding proteins. We identified point mutations in two mutants that inactivate the CAO gene responsible for chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b conversion. All LHCIIs accumulated to wild-type levels in a CAO mutant but their light-harvesting function for photosystem II was impaired. In contrast, most LHCIs accumulated to wild-type levels in the mutant and their light-harvesting capability for photosystem I remained unaltered. Unexpectedly, LHCI accumulation and the photosystem I functional antenna size increased in the mutant compared with in the wild type when grown in dim light. When the CAO mutation was placed in a yellow-in-the-dark background (yid-BF3), in which chlorophyll a synthesis remains limited in dim light, accumulation of the major LHCIIs and of most LHCIs was markedly reduced, indicating that sustained synthesis of chlorophyll a is required to preserve the proteolytic resistance of antenna proteins. Indeed, after crossing yid-BF3 with a mutant defective for the thylakoid FtsH protease activity, yid-BF3-ftsh1 restored wild-type levels of LHCI, which defines LHCI as a new substrate for the FtsH protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Bujaldon
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR7141 CNRS-UPMC, Paris 75005, France
| | - Natsumi Kodama
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; JST-CREST, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Fabrice Rappaport
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR7141 CNRS-UPMC, Paris 75005, France
| | - Rajagopal Subramanyam
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Catherine de Vitry
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR7141 CNRS-UPMC, Paris 75005, France
| | - Yuichiro Takahashi
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; JST-CREST, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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28
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Řezanka T, Kaineder K, Mezricky D, Řezanka M, Bišová K, Zachleder V, Vítová M. The effect of lanthanides on photosynthesis, growth, and chlorophyll profile of the green alga Desmodesmus quadricauda. Photosynth Res 2016; 130:335-346. [PMID: 27113221 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanides (La, Gd, Nd, Ce) accumulated in the green alga Desmodesmus quadricauda but their intracellular localizations were distinctly different: lanthanum and gadolinium were localized in cytoplasm, while neodymium and cerium were in the chloroplast. The effect of lanthanum and neodymium, as representatives of these two groups, on growth, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate at different light intensities was studied. At the lowest light intensity used (50 µmol photons m-2 s-1), in the presence of lanthanides (Nd), growth was enhanced by as much as 36 % over lanthanide free control, and the photosynthetic rate increased by up to 300 %. At high light intensities (238, 460, and 750 µmol photons m-2 s-1), photosynthetic rate increased markedly, but there was no significant difference between rates in the presence or absence of lanthanides. However, growth, measured as a percentage of dry weight, if compared with lanthanide free control, increased at all light intensities (31, 39, and 20 %, respectively). The total amount of chlorophyll after lanthanide treatment increased by up to 21 % relative to the control culture, mainly due to an increase in the level of chlorophyll b. Addition of lanthanides caused a change in the chlorophyll a/b ratio from 4.583 in control cultivation, to 1.05. Possible mechanisms of lanthanide-induced photosynthetic change, alterations in photosynthetic structures, and increases in growth are discussed and compared with findings in higher plants. The hypothesis that the lanthanide effect could be due to formation of lanthanide-pheophytins was not confirmed as lanthanide pheophytins were not found in D. quadricauda. Furthermore, we have shown that the preferential incorporation of heavy isotopes of magnesium, namely 25Mg and 26Mg, into chlorophyll during photosynthesis that occurred in controls was diminished in the presence of lanthanides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katrin Kaineder
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Piaristengasse1, A-3500, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Dana Mezricky
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Piaristengasse1, A-3500, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Michal Řezanka
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 46117, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Bišová
- Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Novohradská 237, Třeboň, 379 81, Czech Republic
| | - Vilém Zachleder
- Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Novohradská 237, Třeboň, 379 81, Czech Republic
| | - Milada Vítová
- Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Novohradská 237, Třeboň, 379 81, Czech Republic.
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Fernàndez-Martínez J, Fransi MA, Fleck I. Ecophysiological responses of Betula pendula, Pinus uncinata and Rhododendron ferrugineum in the Catalan Pyrenees to low summer rainfall. Tree Physiol 2016; 36:1520-1535. [PMID: 27784825 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is producing modifications in the intensity and frequency of rainfall in some regions of the planet. According to predictions, annual rainfall distribution in Western Europe will result in an increase in episodes of drought, thereby negatively affecting nutrient availability. Since high mountain systems will be particularly vulnerable, the physiological and nutritional responses to changes in summer rainfall were monitored over the course of two consecutive summers on three species, which are representative of subalpine forests: birch (Betula pendula Roth.), rhododendron (Rhododendron ferrugineum L.) and mountain pine (Pinus uncinata Mill.). Birch was especially susceptible to scarce precipitation showing alterations in leaf morphology and a decline in net photosynthesis (A) due to stomatal closure, which led to photoinhibition and to early leaf senescence as shown by the photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE), carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio, foliar N and 13C isotope discrimination (Δ13C) results. The Δ13C of the soluble fraction is a good estimator of intrinsic water-use efficiency in this species. Rhododendron and mountain pine had sclerophyllous leaves, as indicated by leaf mass per area, Δ13C, PNUE and C/N results. Rhododendron was particularly affected by short periods of scarce rainfall, which negatively affected gas exchange and photochemistry, and reduced the remobilization of leaf N and P. Mountain pine was the most tolerant species since alterations of gas exchange, photochemistry and Δ13C were not observed. Its highest investment of N in RuBisCo and highest potassium, iron and magnesium leaf concentration contributed to the highest A rates observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Fernàndez-Martínez
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Unitat de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Alba Fransi
- Medi Ambient i Serveis Urbans-Ecologia Urbana, Ajuntament de Barcelona, Torrent de l'Olla, 218-220, E-08012 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Fleck
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Unitat de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Pulido Herrera K, Ramos Montaño C. Edge effect on lichen's distribution and chlorophyll content, in fragments of Polylepis quadrijuga (Rosaceae) in Páramo de la Rusia (Boyacá-Colombia). REV BIOL TROP 2016; 64:1683-1697. [PMID: 29465945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ecosystems fragmentation is one of the anthropic phenomena with highest impact at global level and the edge effect causes that only the fragments interior conserve their original biotic and abiotic characteristics. Lichens are organisms especially susceptible to environmental variability, what could be useful for bio-indication of edge effect. In this work, we evaluated the edge effect in two fragments of Polylepis quadrijuga in the Páramo de la Rusia (Boyacá-Colombia) to determine if there is an edge effect on distribution of lichens associated to P. quadrijuga and their chlorophyll content. We used three transects of 70 m across the matrix-edge-interior gradient in each fragment. We chose nine phorophytes per transect to measure the environmental variables: photosynthetically active radiation, relative humidity and air temperature, and the biological variables: richness and cover per species. Besides, we employed the species that were present in all the three zones of the gradient to quantify the content of chlorophylls a and b, and determine if there are changes in the ratio of chlorophylls a/b that could suggest physiological plasticity as a response to the edge effect. Our results showed that fragment 2 had a higher edge exposition because of its high relation perimeter/area, allowing to an environmental homogenization and lose of biodiversity in relation with fragment 1. Overall, we found 55 differentially distributed species in relation with the fragments and the matrix-edge-interior gradient. The interior of fragment 1 was the most conserved zone, harboring a composition different in more than 40 % to the composition of any other zone. We classified the lichens according with their habits: gelatinous, fruticose, crusty or foliose, but we did not find any relationship between the habit distribution and the edge effect. Six species of wide distribution showed changes in the chlorophyll content along the matrix-edge-interior gradient, what is an evidence of physiological plasticity to edge effect. It was also possible to distinguish between species with preference to warmer environment and species with preference to more humid and sufficiently irradiated places. We concluded that some species of lichens could have an important potential as bio-indicators of fragmentation in the páramo.
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Devadasu ER, Madireddi SK, Nama S, Subramanyam R. Iron deficiency cause changes in photochemistry, thylakoid organization, and accumulation of photosystem II proteins in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Photosynth Res 2016; 130:469-478. [PMID: 27325385 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A trace element, iron (Fe) plays a pivotal role in photosynthesis process which in turn mediates the plant growth and productivity. Here, we have focused majorly on the photochemistry of photosystem (PS) II, abundance of proteins, and organization of supercomplexes of thylakoids from Fe-depleted cells in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Confocal pictures show that the cell's size has been reduced and formed rosette-shaped palmelloids; however, there is no cell death. Further, the PSII photochemistry was reduced remarkably. Further, the photosynthetic efficiency analyzer data revealed that both donor and acceptor side of PSII were equally damaged. Additionally, the room-temperature emission spectra showed the fluorescence emission maxima increased due to impaired energy transfer from PSII to PSI. Furthermore, the protein data reveal that most of the proteins of reaction center and light-harvesting antenna were reduced in Fe-depleted cells. Additionally, the supercomplexes of PSI and PSII were destabilized from thylakoids under Fe-deficient condition showing that Fe is an important element in photosynthesis mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsin Raju Devadasu
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Sai Kiran Madireddi
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Srilatha Nama
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Rajagopal Subramanyam
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
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Chondrogiannis C, Grammatikopoulos G. Photosynthesis in developing leaf of juveniles and adults of three Mediterranean species with different growth forms. Photosynth Res 2016; 130:427-444. [PMID: 27220729 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Leaf development is influenced by almost all the prevailing environmental conditions as well as from the conditions at the time of bud formation. Furthermore, the growth form of a plant determines the leaf longevity and subsequently the investment in biomass and the internal structure of the mesophyll. Therefore, photosynthetic traits of a growing leaf, though, partly predetermined, should also acclimate to temporal changes during developmental period. In addition, the age of the plant can affect photosynthesis of the growing leaf, yet, in the majority of studies, the age is associated to the size of the plant. To test if the reproductive status of the plant affects the time kinetics of the photosynthetic capacity of a growing leaf and the relative contribution of the plants' growth form to the whole procedure, field measurements were conducted in juveniles (prereproductive individuals) and adults (fully reproductive individuals) of an evergreen sclerophyllous shrub (Nerium oleander), a semi-deciduous dimorphic shrub (Phlomis fruticosa), and a winter deciduous tree with pre-leafing flowering (Cercis siliquastrum). PSII structural and functional integrity was progressively developed in all species, but already completed, only some days after leaf expansion in P. fruticosa. Developing leaf as well as fully developed leaf in adults of C. siliquastrum showed enhanced relative size of the pool of final PSI electron acceptors. Photosynthetic traits between juveniles and adults of P. fruticosa were similar, though the matured leaf of adults exhibited lower transpiration rates and improved water-use efficiency than that of juveniles. Adults of the evergreen shrub attained higher CO2 assimilation rate than juveniles in matured leaf which can be attributed to higher electron flow devoted to carboxylation, and lower photorespiration rate. The reproductive phase of the plant seemed to be involved in modifications of the PSII and PSI functions of the deciduous tree, in carboxylation and photorespiration traits of the evergreen shrub, and in water conductance efficiency of the semi-deciduous shrub. However, it is interesting, that regardless of the growth form of the plant and the prospective leaf longevity of the developing leaf, adults need to support flowering outmatch juveniles, in terms of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Chondrogiannis
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Rio, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - George Grammatikopoulos
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Rio, 26504, Patras, Greece.
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Karlický V, Kurasová I, Ptáčková B, Večeřová K, Urban O, Špunda V. Enhanced thermal stability of the thylakoid membranes from spruce. A comparison with selected angiosperms. Photosynth Res 2016; 130:357-371. [PMID: 27154572 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we have found that thermal stability of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry in spruce needles is higher than in other plants (barley, beech) cultivated under the same temperatures. In this work, temperature dependences of various characteristics of PSII organization were studied in order to obtain complex information on the thermal stability of PSII function and organization in spruce. Temperature dependency of circular dichroism spectra revealed by about 6 °C higher thermal stability of macrodomain organization in spruce thylakoid membranes in comparison with Arabidopsis and barley ones; however, thermal disintegration of light-harvesting complex of PSII did not significantly differ among the species studied. These results thus indicate that thermal stability of PSII macro-organization in spruce thylakoid membranes is enhanced to a similar extent as thermal stability of PSII photochemistry. Clear-native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of preheated thylakoids demonstrated that among the separated pigment-protein complexes, only PSII supercomplexes (SCs) revealed considerably higher thermal stability in spruce thylakoids as compared to Arabidopsis and barley ones. Hence we suggest that higher thermal stability of PSII macro-organization of spruce is influenced by the maintenance of PSII SCs in the thylakoid membrane. In addition, we discuss possible effects of different PSII organizations and lipid compositions on the thermal stability of spruce thylakoid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Karlický
- Faculty of Science, Ostrava University, 30. dubna 22, 701 03, Ostrava 1, Czech Republic.
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Irena Kurasová
- Faculty of Science, Ostrava University, 30. dubna 22, 701 03, Ostrava 1, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Božena Ptáčková
- Faculty of Science, Ostrava University, 30. dubna 22, 701 03, Ostrava 1, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Večeřová
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Špunda
- Faculty of Science, Ostrava University, 30. dubna 22, 701 03, Ostrava 1, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Shimakawa G, Akimoto S, Ueno Y, Wada A, Shaku K, Takahashi Y, Miyake C. Diversity in photosynthetic electron transport under [CO 2]-limitation: the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 and green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii drive an O 2-dependent alternative electron flow and non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence during CO 2-limited photosynthesis. Photosynth Res 2016; 130:293-305. [PMID: 27026083 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Some cyanobacteria, but not all, experience an induction of alternative electron flow (AEF) during CO2-limited photosynthesis. For example, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (S. 6803) exhibits AEF, but Synechococcus elongatus sp. PCC 7942 does not. This difference is due to the presence of flavodiiron 2 and 4 proteins (FLV2/4) in S. 6803, which catalyze electron donation to O2. In this study, we observed a low-[CO2] induced AEF in the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 that lacks FLV2/4. The AEF shows high affinity for O2, compared with AEF mediated by FLV2/4 in S. 6803, and can proceed under extreme low [O2] (about a few µM O2). Further, the transition from CO2-saturated to CO2-limited photosynthesis leads a preferential excitation of PSI to PSII and increased non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence. We found that the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii also has an O2-dependent AEF showing the same affinity for O2 as that in S. 7002. These data represent the diverse molecular mechanisms to drive AEF in cyanobacteria and green algae. In this paper, we further discuss the diversity, the evolution, and the physiological function of strategy to CO2-limitation in cyanobacterial and green algal photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginga Shimakawa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ayumi Wada
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Shaku
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Takahashi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
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Komatsu H, Wada K, Kanjoh T, Miyashita H, Sato M, Kawachi M, Kobayashi M. Unique chlorophylls in picoplankton Prochlorococcus sp. "Physicochemical properties of divinyl chlorophylls, and the discovery of monovinyl chlorophyll b as well as divinyl chlorophyll b in the species Prochlorococcus NIES-2086". Photosynth Res 2016; 130:445-467. [PMID: 27334004 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we introduce our recent studies on divinyl chlorophylls functioning in unique marine picoplankton Prochlorococcus sp. (1) Essential physicochemical properties of divinyl chlorophylls are compared with those of monovinyl chlorophylls; separation by normal-phase and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with isocratic eluent mode, absorption spectra in four organic solvents, fluorescence information (emission spectra, quantum yields, and life time), circular dichroism spectra, mass spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, and redox potentials. The presence of a mass difference of 278 in the mass spectra between [M+H]+ and the ions indicates the presence of a phytyl tail in all the chlorophylls. (2) Precise high-performance liquid chromatography analyses show divinyl chlorophyll a' and divinyl pheophytin a as the minor key components in four kinds of Prochlorococcus sp.; neither monovinyl chlorophyll a' nor monovinyl pheophytin a is detected, suggesting that the special pair in photosystem I and the primary electron acceptor in photosystem II are not monovinyl but divinyl-type chlorophylls. (3) Only Prochlorococcus sp. NIES-2086 possesses both monovinyl chlorophyll b and divinyl chlorophyll b, while any other monovinyl-type chlorophylls are absent in this strain. Monovinyl chlorophyll b is not detected at all in the other three strains. Prochlorococcus sp. NIES-2086 is the first example that has both monovinyl chlorophyll b as well as divinyl chlorophylls a/b as major chlorophylls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Komatsu
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Wada
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Terumitsu Kanjoh
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hideaki Miyashita
- Graduate School of Human and Environment Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mayumi Sato
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kawachi
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Masami Kobayashi
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan.
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Mishanin VI, Trubitsin BV, Benkov MA, Minin AA, Tikhonov AN. Light acclimation of shade-tolerant and light-resistant Tradescantia species: induction of chlorophyll a fluorescence and P 700 photooxidation, expression of PsbS and Lhcb1 proteins. Photosynth Res 2016; 130:275-291. [PMID: 27037825 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have compared photosynthetic performance and expression of the PsbS and Lhcb1 proteins in two contrast ecotypes of Tradescantia species, T. fluminensis (shade-tolerant) and T. sillamontana (light-resistant), grown at two intensities of light: 50-125 μmol photons m-2 s-1 (low light, LL) and 875-1000 μmol photons m-2 s-1 (high light, HL). Using the EPR method for measuring the P700 content, we have found that LL-grown plants of both species have higher (by a factor of ≈1.7-1.8) contents of PSI per fresh weight unit as compared to HL-grown plants. Acclimation of plants to LL or HL irradiation also influences the Chl(a + b) level and expression of the PsbS and Lhcb1 proteins. Immunoblotting analysis showed that acclimation to HL stimulates (by a factor of ≈1.7-1.8) the level of PsbS related to the total number of P700 centers. In light-resistant species T. sillamontana, the ratio PsbS/P700 is about 2-times higher than in shade-tolerant species T. fluminensis grown under the same conditions. This should enhance the capacity of their leaves for protection against the light stress. In agreement with these observations, the capacity of leaves for NPQ induction was enhanced during plant acclimation to HL. Kinetic studies of P700 photooxidation and light-induced changes in the yield of Chl a fluorescence also revealed that the short-term regulation of electron transport processes in chloroplasts, which manifested themselves in the kinetics of [Formula: see text] induction and the rate of Chl a fluorescence quenching, occurred more rapidly in HL-grown plants than in LL-grown plants. Thus, both factors, enhanced expression of PsbS and more rapid response of the photosynthetic electron transport chain to dark-to-light transitions should increase the capacity of HL-grown plants for their resistance to rapid fluctuations of solar light.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael A Benkov
- Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Andrei A Minin
- N.K. Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Alexander N Tikhonov
- Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
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Dana S, Herdean A, Lundin B, Spetea C. Each of the chloroplast potassium efflux antiporters affects photosynthesis and growth of fully developed Arabidopsis rosettes under short-day photoperiod. Physiol Plant 2016; 158:483-491. [PMID: 27080934 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, the chloroplast harbors three potassium efflux antiporters (KEAs), namely KEA1 and KEA2 in the inner envelope and KEA3 in the thylakoid membrane. They may play redundant physiological roles as in our previous analyses of young developing Arabidopsis rosettes under long-day photoperiod (16 h light per day), chloroplast kea single mutants resembled the wild-type plants, whereas kea1kea2 and kea1kea2kea3 mutants were impaired in chloroplast development and photosynthesis resulting in stunted growth. Here, we aimed to study whether chloroplast KEAs play redundant roles in chloroplast function of older Arabidopsis plants with fully developed rosettes grown under short-day photoperiod (8 h light per day). Under these conditions, we found defects in photosynthesis and growth in the chloroplast kea single mutants, and most dramatic defects in the kea1kea2 double mutant. The mechanism behind these defects in the single mutants involves reduction in the electron transport rate (kea1 and kea3), and stomata conductance (kea1, kea2 and kea3), which in turn affect CO2 fixation rates. The kea1kea2 mutant, in addition to these alterations, displayed reduced levels of photosynthetic machinery. Taken together, our data suggest that, in addition to the previously reported roles in chloroplast development in young rosettes, each chloroplast KEA affects photosynthesis and growth of Arabidopsis fully developed rosettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Dana
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Andrei Herdean
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Björn Lundin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Cornelia Spetea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
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Sandhu D, Atkinson T, Noll A, Johnson C, Espinosa K, Boelter J, Abel S, Dhatt BK, Barta T, Singsaas E, Sepsenwol S, Goggi AS, Palmer RG. Soybean proteins GmTic110 and GmPsbP are crucial for chloroplast development and function. Plant Sci 2016; 252:76-87. [PMID: 27717480 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We have identified a viable-yellow and a lethal-yellow chlorophyll-deficient mutant in soybean. Segregation patterns suggested single-gene recessive inheritance for each mutant. The viable- and lethal-yellow plants showed significant reduction of chlorophyll a and b. Photochemical energy conversion efficiency and photochemical reflectance index were reduced in the viable-yellow plants relative to the wildtype, whereas the lethal-yellow plants showed no electron transport activity. The viable-yellow plants displayed reduced thylakoid stacking, while the lethal-yellow plants exhibited failure of proplastid differentiation into normal chloroplasts with grana. Genetic analysis revealed recessive epistatic interaction between the viable- and the lethal-yellow genes. The viable-yellow gene was mapped to a 58kb region on chromosome 2 that contained seven predicted genes. A frame shift mutation, due to a single base deletion in Glyma.02g233700, resulted in an early stop codon. Glyma.02g233700 encodes a translocon in the inner membrane of chloroplast (GmTic110) that plays a critical role in plastid biogenesis. The lethal-yellow gene was mapped to an 83kb region on chromosome 3 that contained 13 predicted genes. Based on the annotated functions, we sequenced three potential candidate genes. A single base insertion in the second exon of Glyma.03G230300 resulted in a truncated protein. Glyma.03G230300 encodes for GmPsbP, an extrinsic protein of Photosystem II that is critical for oxygen evolution during photosynthesis. GmTic110 and GmPsbP displayed highly reduced expression in the viable- and lethal-yellow mutants, respectively. The yellow phenotypes in the viable- and lethal-yellow mutants were due to the loss of function of GmTic110 or GmPsbP resulting in photooxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taylor Atkinson
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI 54481, USA.
| | - Andrea Noll
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI 54481, USA.
| | - Callie Johnson
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI 54481, USA.
| | - Katherine Espinosa
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1010, USA.
| | - Jessica Boelter
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI 54481, USA.
| | - Stephanie Abel
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI 54481, USA.
| | - Balpreet K Dhatt
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI 54481, USA; Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
| | - Terese Barta
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI 54481, USA.
| | - Eric Singsaas
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI 54481, USA; Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, 55811, USA.
| | - Sol Sepsenwol
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI 54481, USA.
| | - A Susana Goggi
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1010, USA.
| | - Reid G Palmer
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1010, USA
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Slattery RA, Grennan AK, Sivaguru M, Sozzani R, Ort DR. Light sheet microscopy reveals more gradual light attenuation in light-green versus dark-green soybean leaves. J Exp Bot 2016; 67:4697-709. [PMID: 27329746 PMCID: PMC4973739 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Light wavelengths preferentially absorbed by chlorophyll (chl) often display steep absorption gradients. This over-saturates photosynthesis in upper chloroplasts and deprives lower chloroplasts of blue and red light. Reducing chl content could create a more even leaf light distribution and thereby increase leaf light-use efficiency and overall canopy photosynthesis. This was tested on soybean cultivar 'Clark' (WT) and a near-isogenic chl b deficient mutant, Y11y11, grown in controlled environment chambers and in the field. Light attenuation was quantified using a novel approach involving light sheet microscopy. Leaf adaxial and abaxial surfaces were illuminated separately with blue, red, and green wavelengths, and chl fluorescence was detected orthogonally to the illumination plane. Relative fluorescence was significantly greater in deeper layers of the Y11y11 mesophyll than in WT, with the greatest differences in blue, then red, and finally green light when illuminated from the adaxial surface. Modeled relative photosynthesis based on chlorophyll profiles and Beer's Law predicted less steep gradients in mutant relative photosynthesis rates compared to WT. Although photosynthetic light-use efficiency was greater in the field-grown mutant with ~50% lower chl, light-use efficiency was lower in the mutant when grown in chambers where chl was ~80% reduced. This difference is probably due to pleiotropic effects of the mutation that accompany very severe reductions in chlorophyll and may warrant further testing in other low-chl lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Slattery
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Aleel K Grennan
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Mayandi Sivaguru
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, 2115 Gardner Hall, Box 7612, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Donald R Ort
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Čepl J, Holá D, Stejskal J, Korecký J, Kočová M, Lhotáková Z, Tomášková I, Palovská M, Rothová O, Whetten RW, Kaňák J, Albrechtová J, Lstibůrek M. Genetic variability and heritability of chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Tree Physiol 2016; 36:883-895. [PMID: 27126227 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Current knowledge of the genetic mechanisms underlying the inheritance of photosynthetic activity in forest trees is generally limited, yet it is essential both for various practical forestry purposes and for better understanding of broader evolutionary mechanisms. In this study, we investigated genetic variation underlying selected chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) parameters in structured populations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) grown on two sites under non-stress conditions. These parameters were derived from the OJIP part of the ChlF kinetics curve and characterize individual parts of primary photosynthetic processes associated, for example, with the exciton trapping by light-harvesting antennae, energy utilization in photosystem II (PSII) reaction centers (RCs) and its transfer further down the photosynthetic electron-transport chain. An additive relationship matrix was estimated based on pedigree reconstruction, utilizing a set of highly polymorphic single sequence repeat markers. Variance decomposition was conducted using the animal genetic evaluation mixed-linear model. The majority of ChlF parameters in the analyzed pine populations showed significant additive genetic variation. Statistically significant heritability estimates were obtained for most ChlF indices, with the exception of DI0/RC, φD0 and φP0 (Fv/Fm) parameters. Estimated heritabilities varied around the value of 0.15 with the maximal value of 0.23 in the ET0/RC parameter, which indicates electron-transport flux from QA to QB per PSII RC. No significant correlation was found between these indices and selected growth traits. Moreover, no genotype × environment interaction (G × E) was detected, i.e., no differences in genotypes' performance between sites. The absence of significant G × E in our study is interesting, given the relatively low heritability found for the majority of parameters analyzed. Therefore, we infer that polygenic variability of these indices is selectively neutral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Čepl
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 1176, 165 21 Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Holá
- Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 5, 128 43 Praha 2 - Nové Město, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Stejskal
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 1176, 165 21 Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Korecký
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 1176, 165 21 Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Kočová
- Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 5, 128 43 Praha 2 - Nové Město, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Lhotáková
- Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 5, 128 43 Praha 2 - Nové Město, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Tomášková
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 1176, 165 21 Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Palovská
- Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 5, 128 43 Praha 2 - Nové Město, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Rothová
- Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 5, 128 43 Praha 2 - Nové Město, Czech Republic
| | - Ross W Whetten
- Department of Forestry & Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8008, USA
| | - Jan Kaňák
- Arboretum Sofronka, Plaská 877, 323 00 Plzeň-Bolevec, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Albrechtová
- Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 5, 128 43 Praha 2 - Nové Město, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Lstibůrek
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 1176, 165 21 Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
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Canton GC, Bertolazi AA, Cogo AJD, Eutrópio FJ, Melo J, de Souza SB, A Krohling C, Campostrini E, da Silva AG, Façanha AR, Sepúlveda N, Cruz C, Ramos AC. Biochemical and ecophysiological responses to manganese stress by ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius and in association with Eucalyptus grandis. Mycorrhiza 2016; 26:475-487. [PMID: 26861483 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-016-0686-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
At relatively low concentrations, the element manganese (Mn) is essential for plant metabolism, especially for photosynthesis and as an enzyme antioxidant cofactor. However, industrial and agricultural activities have greatly increased Mn concentrations, and thereby contamination, in soils. We tested whether and how growth of Pisolithus tinctorius is influenced by Mn and glucose and compare the activities of oxidative stress enzymes as biochemical markers of Mn stress. We also compared nutrient accumulation, ecophysiology, and biochemical responses in Eucalyptus grandis which had been colonized by the ectomycorrhizal Pisolithus tinctorius with those which had not, when both were exposed to increasing Mn concentrations. In vitro experiments comprised six concentrations of Mn in three concentrations of glucose. In vivo experiments used plants colonized by Pisolithus tinctorius, or not colonized, grown with three concentrations of Mn (0, 200, and 1000 μM). We found that fungal growth and glucose concentration were correlated, but these were not influenced by Mn levels in the medium. The anti-oxidative enzymes catalase and glutathione S-transferase were both activated when the fungus was exposed to Mn. Also, mycorrhizal plants grew more and faster than non-mycorrhizal plants, whatever Mn exposure. Photosynthesis rate, intrinsic water use efficiency, and carboxylation efficiency were all inversely correlated with Mn concentration. Thus, we originally show that the ectomycorrhizal fungus provides protection for its host plants against varying and potentially toxic concentrations of Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela C Canton
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Lab, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Amanda A Bertolazi
- Plant Physiology Lab, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Antônio J D Cogo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Frederico Jacob Eutrópio
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Juliana Melo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Sávio Bastos de Souza
- Plant Physiology Lab, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Cesar A Krohling
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Eliemar Campostrini
- Plant Physiology Lab, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Ary Gomes da Silva
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Lab, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Arnoldo R Façanha
- Plant Physiology Lab, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
- Cell Tissue and Biology Lab, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Nuno Sepúlveda
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, Faculty of Sciences, United Kingdom & Center of Statistics and Applications of University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Cruz
- Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (Ce3C), Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alessandro C Ramos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil.
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Wagle P, Zhang Y, Jin C, Xiao X. Comparison of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence, light-use efficiency, and process-based GPP models in maize. Ecol Appl 2016; 26:1211-22. [PMID: 27509759 DOI: 10.1890/15-1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Accurately quantifying cropland gross primary production (GPP) is of great importance to monitor cropland status and carbon budgets. Satellite-based light-use efficiency (LUE) models and process-based terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) have been widely used to quantify cropland GPP at different scales in past decades. However, model estimates of GPP are still subject to large uncertainties, especially for croplands. More recently, space-borne solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has shown the ability to monitor photosynthesis from space, providing new insights into actual photosynthesis monitoring. In this study, we examined the potential of SIF data to describe maize phenology and evaluated three GPP modeling approaches (space-borne SIF retrievals, a LUE-based vegetation photosynthesis model [VPM], and a process-based soil canopy observation of photochemistry and energy flux [SCOPE] model constrained by SIF) at a maize (Zea mays L.) site in Mead, Nebraska, USA. The result shows that SIF captured the seasonal variations (particularly during the early and late growing season) of tower-derived GPP (GPP_EC) much better than did satellite-based vegetation indices (enhanced vegetation index [EVI] and land surface water index [LSWI]). Consequently, SIF was strongly correlated with GPP_EC than were EVI and LSWI. Evaluation of GPP estimates against GPP_EC during the growing season demonstrated that all three modeling approaches provided reasonable estimates of maize GPP, with Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) of 0.97, 0.94, and 0.93 for the SCOPE, VPM, and SIF models, respectively. The SCOPE model provided the best simulation of maize GPP when SIF observations were incorporated through optimizing the key parameter of maximum carboxylation capacity (Vcmax). Our results illustrate the potential of SIF data to offer an additional way to investigate the seasonality of photosynthetic activity, to constrain process-based models for improving GPP estimates, and to reasonably estimate GPP by integrating SIF and GPP_EC data without dependency on climate inputs and satellite-based vegetation indices.
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Chiquoine LP, Abella SR, Bowker MA. Rapidly restoring biological soil crusts and ecosystem functions in a severely disturbed desert ecosystem. Ecol Appl 2016; 26:1260-1272. [PMID: 27509763 DOI: 10.1002/15-0973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Restoring biological soil crusts (biocrusts) in degraded drylands can contribute to recovery of ecosystem functions that have global implications, including erosion resistance and nutrient cycling. To examine techniques for restoring biocrusts, we conducted a replicated, factorial experiment on recently abandoned road surfaces by applying biocrust inoculation (salvaged and stored dry for two years), salvaged topsoil, an abiotic soil amendment (wood shavings), and planting of a dominant perennial shrub (Ambrosia dumosa). Eighteen months after treatments, we measured biocrust abundance and species composition, soil chlorophyll a content and fertility, and soil resistance to erosion. Biocrust addition significantly accelerated biocrust recovery on disturbed soils, including increasing lichen and moss cover and cyanobacteria colonization. Compared to undisturbed controls, inoculated plots had similar lichen and moss composition, recovered 43% of total cyanobacteria density, had similar soil chlorophyll content, and exhibited recovery of soil fertility and soil stability. Inoculation was the only treatment that generated lichen and moss cover. Topsoil application resulted in partial recovery of the cyanobacteria community and soil properties. Compared to untreated disturbed plots, topsoil application without inoculum increased cyanobacteria density by 186% and moderately improved soil chlorophyll and ammonium content and soil stability. Topsoil application produced 22% and 51% of the cyanobacteria density g⁻¹ soil compared to undisturbed and inoculated plots, respectively. Plots not treated with either topsoil or inoculum had significantly lower cyanobacteria density, soil chlorophyll and ammonium concentrations, and significantly higher soil nitrate concentration. Wood shavings and Ambrosia had no influence on biocrust lichen and moss species recovery but did affect cyanobacteria composition and soil fertility. Inoculation of severely disturbed soil with native biocrusts rapidly restored biocrust communities and soil stability such that restored areas were similar to undisturbed desert within three years. Using salvaged biocrust as inoculum can be an effective tool in ecological restoration because of its efficacy and simple implementation. Although salvaging biocrust material can be technically difficult and potentially costly, utilizing opportunities to salvage material in planned future disturbance can provide additional land management tools.
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Agathokleous E, Mouzaki-Paxinou AC, Saitanis CJ, Paoletti E, Manning WJ. The first toxicological study of the antiozonant and research tool ethylene diurea (EDU) using a Lemna minor L. bioassay: Hints to its mode of action. Environ Pollut 2016; 213:996-1006. [PMID: 26809480 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The antiozonant and research tool ethylene diurea (EDU) is widely studied as a phytoprotectant against the widespread pollutant ground-surface ozone. Although it has been extensively used, its potential toxicity in the absence of ozone is unknown and its mode of action is unclear. The purpose of this research was to toxicologically assess EDU and to further investigate its mode of action using Lemna minor L. as a model organism. Application of EDU concentrations greater than 593 mg L(-1) (practically 600 mg L(-1)) resulted in adverse inhibition of colony growth. As no-observed-toxic-effects concentration (NOEL) we recommend a concentration of 296 mg L(-1) (practically 300 mg L(-1)). A hormetic response was detected, i.e. stimulatory effects of low EDU concentrations, which may indicate overcompensation in response to disruption in homeostasis. Growth inhibition and suppressed biomass were associated with impacted chlorophyll a fluorescence (ΦPSII, qP and ETR). Furthermore, EDU increased mesophyll thickness, as indicated by frond succulence index. Applications of concentrations ≥593 mg L(-1) to uncontrolled environments should be avoided due to potential toxicity to sensitive organisms and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenios Agathokleous
- Lab of Ecology and Environmental Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, 11855, Greece.
| | - Akrivi-Chara Mouzaki-Paxinou
- Lab of Ecology and Environmental Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, 11855, Greece
| | - Costas J Saitanis
- Lab of Ecology and Environmental Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, 11855, Greece
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Plant Protection, National Council of Research, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, 50019, Italy
| | - William J Manning
- Department of Plant, Soil and Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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Bellasio C, Beerling DJ, Griffiths H. Deriving C4 photosynthetic parameters from combined gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence using an Excel tool: theory and practice. Plant Cell Environ 2016; 39:1164-79. [PMID: 26286697 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The higher photosynthetic potential of C4 plants has led to extensive research over the past 50 years, including C4 -dominated natural biomes, crops such as maize, or for evaluating the transfer of C4 traits into C3 lineages. Photosynthetic gas exchange can be measured in air or in a 2% Oxygen mixture using readily available commercial gas exchange and modulated PSII fluorescence systems. Interpretation of these data, however, requires an understanding (or the development) of various modelling approaches, which limit the use by non-specialists. In this paper we present an accessible summary of the theory behind the analysis and derivation of C4 photosynthetic parameters, and provide a freely available Excel Fitting Tool (EFT), making rigorous C4 data analysis accessible to a broader audience. Outputs include those defining C4 photochemical and biochemical efficiency, the rate of photorespiration, bundle sheath conductance to CO2 diffusion and the in vivo biochemical constants for PEP carboxylase. The EFT compares several methodological variants proposed by different investigators, allowing users to choose the level of complexity required to interpret data. We provide a complete analysis of gas exchange data on maize (as a model C4 organism and key global crop) to illustrate the approaches, their analysis and interpretation. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bellasio
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - David J Beerling
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Howard Griffiths
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
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46
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Bellasio C, Beerling DJ, Griffiths H. An Excel tool for deriving key photosynthetic parameters from combined gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence: theory and practice. Plant Cell Environ 2016; 39:1180-97. [PMID: 25923517 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Combined photosynthetic gas exchange and modulated fluorometres are widely used to evaluate physiological characteristics associated with phenotypic and genotypic variation, whether in response to genetic manipulation or resource limitation in natural vegetation or crops. After describing relatively simple experimental procedures, we present the theoretical background to the derivation of photosynthetic parameters, and provide a freely available Excel-based fitting tool (EFT) that will be of use to specialists and non-specialists alike. We use data acquired in concurrent variable fluorescence-gas exchange experiments, where A/Ci and light-response curves have been measured under ambient and low oxygen. From these data, the EFT derives light respiration, initial PSII (photosystem II) photochemical yield, initial quantum yield for CO2 fixation, fraction of incident light harvested by PSII, initial quantum yield for electron transport, electron transport rate, rate of photorespiration, stomatal limitation, Rubisco (ribulose 1·5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) rate of carboxylation and oxygenation, Rubisco specificity factor, mesophyll conductance to CO2 diffusion, light and CO2 compensation point, Rubisco apparent Michaelis-Menten constant, and Rubisco CO2 -saturated carboxylation rate. As an example, a complete analysis of gas exchange data on tobacco plants is provided. We also discuss potential measurement problems and pitfalls, and suggest how such empirical data could subsequently be used to parameterize predictive photosynthetic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bellasio
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - David J Beerling
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Howard Griffiths
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
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Jin P, Gao G, Liu X, Li F, Tong S, Ding J, Zhong Z, Liu N, Gao K. Contrasting Photophysiological Characteristics of Phytoplankton Assemblages in the Northern South China Sea. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153555. [PMID: 27195824 PMCID: PMC4873168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of phytoplankton and thus marine primary productivity depend on photophysiological performance of phytoplankton cells that respond to changing environmental conditions. The South China Sea (SCS) is the largest marginal sea of the western Pacific and plays important roles in modulating regional climate and carbon budget. However, little has been documented on photophysiological characteristics of phytoplankton in the SCS. For the first time, we investigated photophysiological characteristics of phytoplankton assemblages in the northern South China Sea (NSCS) using a real-time in-situ active chlorophyll a fluorometry, covering 4.0 × 105 km2. The functional absorption cross section of photosystem II (PSII) in darkness (σPSII) or under ambient light (σPSII’) (A2 quanta-1) increased from the surface to deeper waters at all the stations during the survey period (29 July to 23 August 2012). While the maximum (Fv/Fm, measured in darkness) or effective (Fq’/Fm’, measured under ambient light) photochemical efficiency of PSII appeared to increase with increasing depth at most stations, it showed inverse relationship with depth in river plume areas. The functional absorption cross section of PSII changes could be attributed to light-adapted genotypic feature due to niche-partition and the alteration of photochemical efficiency of PSII could be attributed to photo-acclimation. The chlorophyll a fluorometry can be taken as an analog to estimate primary productivity, since areas of higher photochemical efficiency of PSII coincided with those of higher primary productivity reported previously in the NSCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Guang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Futian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shanying Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiancheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhihai Zhong
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Nana Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Kunshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- * E-mail:
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Rascher U, Alonso L, Burkart A, Cilia C, Cogliati S, Colombo R, Damm A, Drusch M, Guanter L, Hanus J, Hyvärinen T, Julitta T, Jussila J, Kataja K, Kokkalis P, Kraft S, Kraska T, Matveeva M, Moreno J, Muller O, Panigada C, Pikl M, Pinto F, Prey L, Pude R, Rossini M, Schickling A, Schurr U, Schüttemeyer D, Verrelst J, Zemek F. Sun-induced fluorescence - a new probe of photosynthesis: First maps from the imaging spectrometer HyPlant. Glob Chang Biol 2015; 21:4673-84. [PMID: 26146813 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Variations in photosynthesis still cause substantial uncertainties in predicting photosynthetic CO2 uptake rates and monitoring plant stress. Changes in actual photosynthesis that are not related to greenness of vegetation are difficult to measure by reflectance based optical remote sensing techniques. Several activities are underway to evaluate the sun-induced fluorescence signal on the ground and on a coarse spatial scale using space-borne imaging spectrometers. Intermediate-scale observations using airborne-based imaging spectroscopy, which are critical to bridge the existing gap between small-scale field studies and global observations, are still insufficient. Here we present the first validated maps of sun-induced fluorescence in that critical, intermediate spatial resolution, employing the novel airborne imaging spectrometer HyPlant. HyPlant has an unprecedented spectral resolution, which allows for the first time quantifying sun-induced fluorescence fluxes in physical units according to the Fraunhofer Line Depth Principle that exploits solar and atmospheric absorption bands. Maps of sun-induced fluorescence show a large spatial variability between different vegetation types, which complement classical remote sensing approaches. Different crop types largely differ in emitting fluorescence that additionally changes within the seasonal cycle and thus may be related to the seasonal activation and deactivation of the photosynthetic machinery. We argue that sun-induced fluorescence emission is related to two processes: (i) the total absorbed radiation by photosynthetically active chlorophyll; and (ii) the functional status of actual photosynthesis and vegetation stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Rascher
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - L Alonso
- Department of Earth Physics and Thermodynamics, University of Valencia, Dr Moliner 50 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Burkart
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - C Cilia
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Lab, DISAT, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - S Cogliati
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Lab, DISAT, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - R Colombo
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Lab, DISAT, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - A Damm
- Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Drusch
- European Space Agency (ESA), ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG, Noordwijk, the Netherlands
| | - L Guanter
- Institute for Space Sciences, Free University of Berlin, Carl-Heinrich-Becker-Weg 6-10, 12165, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Hanus
- Global Change Research Centre AS CR, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - T Hyvärinen
- Specim Spectral Imaging Ltd., Teknologiantie 18A, 90590, Oulu, Finland
| | - T Julitta
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Lab, DISAT, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - J Jussila
- Specim Spectral Imaging Ltd., Teknologiantie 18A, 90590, Oulu, Finland
| | - K Kataja
- Specim Spectral Imaging Ltd., Teknologiantie 18A, 90590, Oulu, Finland
| | - P Kokkalis
- Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing, National Observatory of Athens, 15236, Athens, Greece
| | - S Kraft
- European Space Agency (ESA), ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG, Noordwijk, the Netherlands
| | - T Kraska
- Field Lab Campus Klein-Altendorf, Agricultural Faculty, University of Bonn, Klein-Altendorf 3, 53359, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - M Matveeva
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - J Moreno
- Department of Earth Physics and Thermodynamics, University of Valencia, Dr Moliner 50 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - O Muller
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - C Panigada
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Lab, DISAT, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - M Pikl
- Global Change Research Centre AS CR, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - F Pinto
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - L Prey
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - R Pude
- Field Lab Campus Klein-Altendorf, Agricultural Faculty, University of Bonn, Klein-Altendorf 3, 53359, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - M Rossini
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Lab, DISAT, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - A Schickling
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - U Schurr
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Str., 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - D Schüttemeyer
- European Space Agency (ESA), ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG, Noordwijk, the Netherlands
| | - J Verrelst
- Department of Earth Physics and Thermodynamics, University of Valencia, Dr Moliner 50 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - F Zemek
- Global Change Research Centre AS CR, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Bagby SC, Chisholm SW. Response of Prochlorococcus to varying CO2:O2 ratios. ISME J 2015; 9:2232-45. [PMID: 25848872 PMCID: PMC4579476 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Carbon fixation has a central role in determining cellular redox poise, increasingly understood to be a key parameter in cyanobacterial physiology. In the cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus-the most abundant phototroph in the oligotrophic oceans-the carbon-concentrating mechanism is reduced to the bare essentials. Given the ability of Prochlorococcus populations to grow under a wide range of oxygen concentrations in the ocean, we wondered how carbon and oxygen physiology intersect in this minimal phototroph. Thus, we examined how CO2:O2 gas balance influenced growth and chlorophyll fluorescence in Prochlorococcus strain MED4. Under O2 limitation, per-cell chlorophyll fluorescence fell at all CO2 levels, but still permitted substantial growth at moderate and high CO2. Under CO2 limitation, we observed little growth at any O2 level, although per-cell chlorophyll fluorescence fell less sharply when O2 was available. We explored this pattern further by monitoring genome-wide transcription in cells shocked with acute limitation of CO2, O2 or both. O2 limitation produced much smaller transcriptional changes than the broad suppression seen under CO2 limitation and CO2/O2 co-limitation. Strikingly, both CO2 limitation conditions initially evoked a transcriptional response that resembled the pattern previously seen in high-light stress, but at later timepoints we observed O2-dependent recovery of photosynthesis-related transcripts. These results suggest that oxygen has a protective role in Prochlorococcus when carbon fixation is not a sufficient sink for light energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Bagby
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sallie W Chisholm
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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50
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Li X, Zhang L. Endophytic infection alleviates Pb(2+) stress effects on photosystem II functioning of Oryza sativa leaves. J Hazard Mater 2015; 295:79-85. [PMID: 25885166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to examine the effect of Pb(2+) stress on the primary reaction of photosynthesis and to assess the potential benefits of endophytic infection on the Pb(2+) tolerance of rice seedlings. Rice inoculated with an endophytic fungus (E+) and non-inoculated (E-) were subjected to 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 μM Pb(2+). The responses to Pb(2+) stress were characterized by the analysis of Chl a fluorescence. A comparison of E- with E+ rice seedlings, as evaluated by their performance index (PI(ABS) and PI(tot)), revealed the inhibitory effects of Pb(2+) on photosystem II (PSII) connectivity, the oxygen evolving complex (OEC), and on the J step of the induction curves, which is associated with an inhibition of electron transport from the quinone acceptor Q(A) to Q(B). Furthermore, the changes of the donor and the acceptor parameters of PSII were greater in E- than in E+ under Pb(2+) stress. These observations suggest that the efficiency and stability of PSII are markedly affected by Pb(2+) stress, and the photosynthetic energy conservation in E+ was more effective than in E-. We showed that endophytic infection plays an important role in enhancing the photosynthetic mechanism of rice seedlings exposed to Pb(2+) stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, PR China.
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Environmental Science Department of Liaoning University,Shenyang 110036, PR China.
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