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Wang X, Yang Z, Shen S, Ji X, Chen F, Liao X, Zhang H, Zhang Y. Inhibitory effects of chlorophylls and its derivative on starch digestion in vitro. Food Chem 2023; 413:135377. [PMID: 36773358 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophylls (Chls) have been shown to help regulate blood glucose levels. In this study, the effects of Chls and its derivative, pheophytin a (Phe a), on starch digestion in vitro were investigated. Chls significantly decreased starch hydrolysis while increasing resistant starch content (p < 0.05). SEM revealed that Chls either existed in free form or was absorbed and embedded on the surface of starch granules. Spectroscopic analysis and molecular docking demonstrated that Chls had a dual effect: (1) the phytol chain of Chls formed a double helix structure with starch, which may hinder the starch-enzyme contacts; and (2) the porphyrin ring of Chls interacted with amino acid residues of α-amylase and α-glucosidase to change the characteristics of enzymes, thereby inhibiting their activities. The investigation may serve as motivation for developing healthful starchy foods rich in Chls and enhancing the selection of foods for diabetics and hyperglycemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhaotian Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Suxia Shen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xingyu Ji
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- BGI Precision Nutrition (Shenzhen) Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
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2
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Jin Z, Emiezi Agarry I, Li Y, Ding D, Cai T, Chen K. In vitro bioaccessibility evaluation of pheophytins in gelatin/polysaccharides carrier. Food Chem 2023; 408:135252. [PMID: 36566541 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The type of carrier agent could impact pheophytin stability and bioaccessibility. Hence, it is important to have an elaborate understanding on the extent and type of pheophytin transformation during in vitro digestion of microcapsules. Four kinds of protein/polysaccharides complex were used to fabricate pheophytin microcapsules and investigated for pigments bioaccessibility. With different carriers, pheophytin pigments showed new characteristics influencing particle size and zeta potential during in vitro digestion. Pheophytin b was widely transformed to pheophorbide b, confirming pheophorbidation of the b series in proper condition. No 151-hydroxy lactone chlorophyll or pheophytin derivatives were detected, indicating some protective effect of microencapsulation. Pheophytins loaded in gelatin-pectin complex exhibited a relatively higher recovery rate, micellarization rate, and bioaccessibility index. The result presented in this study shows that the type of carrier agent could initiate the removal of phytyl groups in pheophytins and also inhibit or mediate their bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Jin
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Israel Emiezi Agarry
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Specialty Food Co-built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Yunchang Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Specialty Food Co-built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Desheng Ding
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Specialty Food Co-built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Tian Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
| | - Kewei Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Specialty Food Co-built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
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3
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Li J, Yao Y, Hu X, Wang J, Yin L, Zhang Y, Ni L, Li S, Zhu F. Inactivation Mechanism of Algal Chlorophyll by Allelochemical Quercetin. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2022; 109:450-458. [PMID: 35437706 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) are a global concern. Application of allelochemicals is a promising solution for cyanobacteria control, due to its high efficiency, low cost and ecological safety. Flavonoids (natural polyphenols produced by aquatic plants) are reported capable of effectively inhibiting the growth of algae; however, the molecular mechanism of algae chlorophyll inactivation is still unclear. In this study, quercetin was used as a typical flavonoid, to investigate the inactivation effect of allelochemical on Microcystis aeruginosa chlorophyll a. The absorption and fluorescence spectra showed that chlorophyll reacted with quercetin to form pheophytin, and the formation rate of pheophytin increased with increasing quercetin concentration (1 × 10-5-1 × 10-2 M). FTIR spectra and DFT calculation showed that Mg2+ complexed with the 3-OH and 4-C = O groups in the quercetin ring C so that chlorophyll was inactivated due to the loss of Mg2+ ions. Overall, this study revealed that quercetin inactivated chlorophyll a of cyanobacteria by capturing Mg2+ ions, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms of algal bloom control by allelochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Youru Yao
- School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Xin Hu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Li Yin
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Lixiao Ni
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, MOE, School of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Shiyin Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Fengxiao Zhu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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4
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Viera I, Herrera M, Roca M. Influence of food composition on chlorophyll bioaccessibility. Food Chem 2022; 386:132805. [PMID: 35509163 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophylls are ingested and effectively absorbed by our organism daily, but the effect of food composition on its bioaccessibility is unknown. Therefore, the present research analyses the chlorophyll bioaccessibility of ten commercial foods (guacamole, virgin olive oil, tortellini, basil hummus, creamed spinach, vegetable pasta, green tea chocolate, avocado and kiwi juices, and pesto sauce), selected based on their different nutritional (fat, fiber, protein, and carbohydrates) and chlorophyll composition and content. The most unexpected result was to correlate chlorophyll degradation during in vitro digestion with the salt content of the digested food. Surprisingly, independently of the foods' nutritional composition or the chlorophyll content, the chlorophyll profile after in vitro digestion was formed by 90% pheophytins and 10% chlorophylls and pheophorbides. Such a pattern can only be modified when the ingested food contains a high proportion of pheophorbides (˃20%) that prevailed up to the mixed micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Viera
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University Campus, Building 46, Carretera de Utrera km. 1, Sevilla 41013, Spain.
| | - Marta Herrera
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University Campus, Building 46, Carretera de Utrera km. 1, Sevilla 41013, Spain.
| | - María Roca
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University Campus, Building 46, Carretera de Utrera km. 1, Sevilla 41013, Spain.
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5
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Mathew J, Singh A, Gopinath A. Nutrient concentrations and distribution of phytoplankton pigments in recently deposited sediments of a positive tropical estuary. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 168:112454. [PMID: 33971456 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of nutrients in the water column and phytoplankton pigments in recently formed modern sediments (0-5 cm) was carried out in Cochin estuary. The anthropogenic impacts were assessed using nutrients, nitrate, and phosphate in combination with phytopigments in sediments. The nitrate and phosphate concentration during the study ranged from 0.81 to 42.53 μmol/L and from 0.1 to 5.81 μmol/L, respectively. The mean values of the pigment showed the following order: zeaxanthin (791.53 ng/g) > lutein (347.57 ng/g) > fucoxanthin (335.30 ng/g) > pheophytin (308.84 ng/g) > pheophorbide (172.06 ng/g) > chlorophyll a (161.63 ng/g). The increase in the concentration of zeaxanthin indicated the presence of cyanobacteria, associated with eutrophication. Correlation analysis revealed that water column nutrients have a strong relationship between fucoxanthin and lutein, indicating the coexistence of diatoms and prasinophytes in the sampling sites. The principal component analysis showed positive loading of nutrients concomitant with pigment fucoxanthin and lutein, thus establishing that nutrient input controls the phytoplankton biomass of this estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Mathew
- Department of Chemistry, St Albert's College, Kochi, India
| | - Archana Singh
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Goa, India
| | - Anu Gopinath
- Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, India.
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Menezes-Silva S, Lira NS, Mangueira do Nascimento Y, Araújo Ramos Meireles R, da Silva Dias C, Tavares JF, Sobral da Silva M, Cavalcanti de Miranda GE, Barbosa Filho JM, Pinto de Siqueira-Junior J. Modulation of drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus by 13 2-hydroxy-(13 2-R/S)- pheophytin isolated from Sargassum polyceratium. Microb Pathog 2020; 141:104034. [PMID: 32007619 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Efflux pumps are integral parts of the bacterial plasma membrane that are responsible for many cases of antibiotic resistance. Modulators of drug resistance are regarded as the most suitable new antibacterial therapies. We evaluated the extracts of Sargassum polyceratium and the isolated compound pheophytin (Sp-1) for antibiotic modifying activity in strains of Staphylococcus aureus with efflux pump. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for norfloxacin, tetracycline and erythromycin were determined by the microdilution broth method, in the absence and presence of the extract at a sub-inhibitory concentration (MIC/4). The extracts and isolated compounds showed no significant antimicrobial activity, but they changed the antibiotic activity, decreasing bacterial resistance by 2 to 4x. Using a checkerboard method, it was also possible to observe the synergistic effect (ΣFIC ≤ 0.5) between Sp-1 and the antibiotics erythromycin and norfloxacin. The results indicate that the seaweed Sargassum polyceratium and pheophytin are potential sources of an antibiotic adjuvant that modulates bacterial resistance, acting as a putative efflux pump inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellen Menezes-Silva
- Laboratório de Genética de Microrganismos, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58059-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Narlize Silva Lira
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, João Pessoa, PB, 58059-900, Brazil
| | - Yuri Mangueira do Nascimento
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, João Pessoa, PB, 58059-900, Brazil
| | - Roseana Araújo Ramos Meireles
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, João Pessoa, PB, 58059-900, Brazil
| | - Celidarque da Silva Dias
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, João Pessoa, PB, 58059-900, Brazil
| | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, João Pessoa, PB, 58059-900, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Sobral da Silva
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, João Pessoa, PB, 58059-900, Brazil
| | | | - José Maria Barbosa Filho
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos, João Pessoa, PB, 58059-900, Brazil
| | - José Pinto de Siqueira-Junior
- Laboratório de Genética de Microrganismos, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58059-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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7
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Sathish K, Patil JS, Anil AC. Phytoplankton chlorophyll-breakdown pathway: Implication in ecosystem assessment. J Environ Manage 2020; 258:109989. [PMID: 31929079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The chlorophyll-breakdown to pheophorbide is determined by biotic factors such as grazing (via chlorophyllide) or senescence (via pheophytin). So far, much of the information on chlorophyll-breakdown is available from sediments, but information from the water column is limited. This study addressed chlorophyll-breakdown-pathways (Chl-BP) on a seasonal basis from eight major ports (18-30 stations/port) representing freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems. The distribution of chlorophyll and its breakdown fractions (pheophytin, pheophorbide) exhibited distinct spatial and seasonal variations. Fresh-water (except Haldia-port) and estuarine ports are characterized by high-biomass, high-pheophytin, and low-pheophorbide, whereas marine-ports by low-biomass (except Mangalore-port), low-pheophytin, and high-pheophorbide. Pheophytin and pheophorbide distribution were biomass independent and dependent, respectively. The pheophorbide: pheophytin ratio indicated a potential proxy for determining the dominant breakdown pathway, i.e., herbivory dominant (>1) or not dominant (<1). However, CHl-BP is taxa-specific and grazer's feeding habits. The ratios exhibited apparent differences between different ecosystems, i.e., the higher ratios in marine (up to 11.2) followed by estuarine (up to 0.9) and freshwater (up to 0.4; except Haldia) systems. The diatoms (preferred grazer diet) contribution to total phytoplankton was more in marine followed by estuarine and freshwater systems. The low and high ratios suggested the prevalence of chlorophyll-breakdown via senescence and grazing mode, respectively. We proposed that such scaling will have implications in the ballast water management - BWM (ballast tank conditions (eg. dark) during voyages, post-voyage discharge - including treated water using approved BWM systems, and the nature of ports, potential discharge point) and algal bloom research (e.g. understanding fate and in control measures).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sathish
- CSIR, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, 403 004, Goa, India
| | - J S Patil
- CSIR, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, 403 004, Goa, India.
| | - A C Anil
- CSIR, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, 403 004, Goa, India
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Podio NS, Bertrand L, Wunderlin DA, Santiago AN. Assessment of phytotoxic effects, uptake and translocation of diclofenac in chicory (Cichorium intybus). Chemosphere 2020; 241:125057. [PMID: 31629239 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals in the environment have been an increasing research topic over the past decade, since they can be found in both natural and drinking water, including irrigation of crops and edible plants with contaminated water. Our main goal was to evaluate the phytotoxic effect of diclofenac (DCF), a widely used pharmaceutical, on chicory (Cichorium intybus) seedlings. Additionally, we verified the uptake, bioconcentration and translocation of DCF from soil to chicory tissues. Results show that DCF induces different physiological changes in chicory seedlings. On the other hand, the soil-chicory experiment showed the activation of the detoxification system in plants treated with DCF (1 mg L-1). Finally, we found the migration of DCF from the irrigation water to the soil, followed by its uptake through the root, and its translocation to the aerial part of the chicory. However, DCF does not bioaccumulate in chicory leaves, being scarcely translocated from roots to aerial parts. This last result, along with the estimation of a daily intake of chicory, show that irrigation with water containing DCF (≤1 mg L-1) does not represent a threat to human health. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the effect of DCF on chicory seedlings, including the evaluation of its uptake and translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Podio
- INFIQC, CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Dpto. Química Orgánica. Ciudad Universitaria, Medina Allende esq. Haya de la Torre s/n, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina; ICYTAC, CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Dpto. Química Orgánica. Ciudad Universitaria, Bv. Juan Filloy s/n, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Lidwina Bertrand
- CIBICI, CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Dpto. Bioquímica Clínica. Ciudad Universitaria, Medina Allende esq. Haya de la Torre s/n, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniel A Wunderlin
- ICYTAC, CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Dpto. Química Orgánica. Ciudad Universitaria, Bv. Juan Filloy s/n, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana N Santiago
- INFIQC, CONICET and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Dpto. Química Orgánica. Ciudad Universitaria, Medina Allende esq. Haya de la Torre s/n, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
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9
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Süssenbacher I, Menghini D, Scherzer G, Salinger K, Erhart T, Moser S, Vergeiner C, Hörtensteiner S, Kräutler B. Cryptic chlorophyll breakdown in non-senescent green Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. Photosynth Res 2019; 142:69-85. [PMID: 31172355 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) breakdown is a diagnostic visual process of leaf senescence, which furnishes phyllobilins (PBs) by the PAO/phyllobilin pathway. As Chl breakdown disables photosynthesis, it appears to have no role in photoactive green leaves. Here, colorless PBs were detected in green, non-senescent leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. The PBs from the green leaves had structures entirely consistent with the PAO/phyllobilin pathway and the mutation of a single Chl catabolic enzyme completely abolished PBs with the particular modification. Hence, the PAO/phyllobilin pathway was active in the absence of visible senescence and expression of genes encoding Chl catabolic enzymes was observed in green Arabidopsis leaves. PBs accumulated to only sub-% amounts compared to the Chls present in the green leaves, excluding a substantial contribution of Chl breakdown from rapid Chl turnover associated with photosystem II repair. Indeed, Chl turnover was shown to involve a Chl a dephytylation and Chl a reconstitution cycle. However, non-recyclable pheophytin a is also liberated in the course of photosystem II repair, and is proposed here to be scavenged and degraded to the observed PBs. Hence, a cryptic form of the established pathway of Chl breakdown is indicated to play a constitutive role in photoactive leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Süssenbacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Centre of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Damian Menghini
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Scherzer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Centre of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kathrin Salinger
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theresia Erhart
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Centre of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simone Moser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Centre of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Clemens Vergeiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Centre of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Hörtensteiner
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Bernhard Kräutler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Centre of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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10
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Semaan DG, Igoli JO, Young L, Marrero E, Gray AI, Rowan EG. Dataset on the kinetics of the inhibition of PTP1B by the flavonoids and pheophytin A from Allophylus cominia. Data Brief 2018; 17:401-406. [PMID: 29876409 PMCID: PMC5988378 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The data presented in this article are related to the research article under the title “in vitro anti-diabetic activity of flavonoids and pheophytins from Allophylus cominia Sw. on PTP1B, DPPIV, alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase enzymes” (Semaan et al., 2017) [3]. This article defines the kinetics of inhibition of flavonoids and pheophytin A extracts from A. cominia which showed an inhibition of the PTP1B enzyme activity. The main reason to make these results public is to confirm that this study was followed up and no more experiments are needed, also to confirm that these compounds can be reported as PTP1B inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Semaan
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - J O Igoli
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, PMB 2373 Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - L Young
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - E Marrero
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria), San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - A I Gray
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - E G Rowan
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
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11
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Allakhverdiev SI, Zharmukhamedov SK, Rodionova MV, Shuvalov VA, Dismukes C, Shen JR, Barber J, Samuelsson G. Vyacheslav (Slava) Klimov (1945-2017): A scientist par excellence, a great human being, a friend, and a Renaissance man. Photosynth Res 2018; 136:1-16. [PMID: 28921410 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vyacheslav Vasilevich (V.V.) Klimov (or Slava, as most of us called him) was born on January 12, 1945 and passed away on May 9, 2017. He began his scientific career at the Bach Institute of Biochemistry of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Akademy Nauk (AN) SSSR), Moscow, Russia, and then, he was associated with the Institute of Photosynthesis, Pushchino, Moscow Region, for about 50 years. He worked in the field of biochemistry and biophysics of photosynthesis. He is known for his studies on the molecular organization of photosystem II (PSII). He was an eminent scientist in the field of photobiology, a well-respected professor, and, above all, an outstanding researcher. Further, he was one of the founding members of the Institute of Photosynthesis in Pushchino, Russia. To most, Slava Klimov was a great human being. He was one of the pioneers of research on the understanding of the mechanism of light energy conversion and of water oxidation in photosynthesis. Slava had many collaborations all over the world, and he is (and will be) very much missed by the scientific community and friends in Russia as well as around the World. We present here a brief biography and some comments on his research in photosynthesis. We remember him as a friendly and enthusiastic person who had an unflagging curiosity and energy to conduct outstanding research in many aspects of photosynthesis, especially that related to PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia, 142290.
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, Russia, 127276.
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan.
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
| | - Sergey K Zharmukhamedov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia, 142290
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, Russia, 127276
| | - Margarita V Rodionova
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, Russia, 127276
| | - Vladimir A Shuvalov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia, 142290
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Charles Dismukes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 7008530, Japan
| | - James Barber
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Göran Samuelsson
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, 90736, Umeå, Sweden
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Sathicq MB, Gómez N. Effects of hexavalent chromium on phytoplankton and bacterioplankton of the Río de la Plata estuary: an ex-situ assay. Environ Monit Assess 2018; 190:229. [PMID: 29550888 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6619-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We examined the responses of the phytoplankton and the bacterioplankton of the freshwater zone of the Río de la Plata estuary when exposed to an addition of hexavalent chromium (Cr+6). The planktonic community from a coastal site was exposed to a chromium increase of 80 μg L-1 for 72 h in laboratory conditions. The results showed a decrease in the concentration of Cr+6 by 33% in the treatments, along with significant decreases in chlorophyll-a (63%), the chlorophyll-a:pheophytin-a ratio (33%), oxygen production (37%), and in the total density of the phytoplankton (15%). The relative abundance of chlorophytes and diatoms decreased, while the cyanobacteria thrived. Finally, the total bacterial density and the density of viable bacteria decreased. These results show that even small increments in Cr+6 can cause significant effects on the phytoplankton and bacterioplankton, which could potentially affect other trophic levels of the community, risking alterations of the entire ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Sathicq
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet", Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- CONICET-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Nora Gómez
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet", Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Abstract
The most obvious event of leaf senescence is the loss of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll degradation proceeds in a well-characterized pathway that, although being common to higher plants, yields a species-specific set of chlorophyll catabolites, termed phyllobilins. Analysis of chlorophyll degradation and phyllobilin accumulation by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a valuable tool to investigate senescence processes in plants. In this chapter, methods for the extraction, separation, and quantification of chlorophyll and its degradation products are described. Because of their different physicochemical properties, chlorin-type pigments (chlorophylls and magnesium-free pheo-pigments) and phyllobilins (linear tetrapyrroles) are analyzed separately. Specific spectral properties and polarity differences allow the identification of the different classes of known chlorins and phyllobilins. The methods provided facilitate the analysis of chlorophyll degradation and the identification of chlorophyll catabolites in a wide range of plant species, in different tissues, and under a variety of physiological conditions that involve loss of chlorophyll.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Das
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luzia Guyer
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Hörtensteiner
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Hynstova V, Sterbova D, Klejdus B, Hedbavny J, Huska D, Adam V. Separation, identification and quantification of carotenoids and chlorophylls in dietary supplements containing Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 148:108-18. [PMID: 28987995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 14 commercial products (dietary supplements) containing alga Chlorella vulgaris and cyanobacteria Spirulina platensis, originated from China and Japan, were analysed. UV-vis spectrophotometric method was applied for rapid determination of chlorophylls, carotenoids and pheophytins; as degradation products of chlorophylls. High Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) was used for effective separation of these compounds, and also Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for determination of heavy metals as indicator of environmental pollution. Based on the results obtained from UV-vis spectrophotometric determination of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids), it was confirmed that Chlorella vulgaris contains more of all these pigments compared to the cyanobacteria Spirulina platensis. The fastest mobility compound identified in Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis using HPTLC method was β-carotene. Spectral analysis and standard calibration curve method were used for identification and quantification of separated substances on Thin-Layer Chromatographic plate. Quantification of copper (Cu2+, at 324.7 nm) and zinc (Zn2+, at 213.9nm) was performed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with air-acetylene flame atomization. Quantification of cadmium (Cd2+, at 228.8 nm), nickel (Ni2+, at 232.0nm) and lead (Pb2+, at 283.3nm) by Electrothermal Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry; and quantification of mercury (Hg2+, at 254nm) by Cold Vapour Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.
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Komatsu H, Wada K, Kanjoh T, Miyashita H, Sato M, Kawachi M, Kobayashi M. Unique chlorophylls in picoplankton Prochlorococcus sp. "Physicochemical properties of divinyl chlorophylls, and the discovery of monovinyl chlorophyll b as well as divinyl chlorophyll b in the species Prochlorococcus NIES-2086". Photosynth Res 2016; 130:445-467. [PMID: 27334004 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we introduce our recent studies on divinyl chlorophylls functioning in unique marine picoplankton Prochlorococcus sp. (1) Essential physicochemical properties of divinyl chlorophylls are compared with those of monovinyl chlorophylls; separation by normal-phase and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with isocratic eluent mode, absorption spectra in four organic solvents, fluorescence information (emission spectra, quantum yields, and life time), circular dichroism spectra, mass spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, and redox potentials. The presence of a mass difference of 278 in the mass spectra between [M+H]+ and the ions indicates the presence of a phytyl tail in all the chlorophylls. (2) Precise high-performance liquid chromatography analyses show divinyl chlorophyll a' and divinyl pheophytin a as the minor key components in four kinds of Prochlorococcus sp.; neither monovinyl chlorophyll a' nor monovinyl pheophytin a is detected, suggesting that the special pair in photosystem I and the primary electron acceptor in photosystem II are not monovinyl but divinyl-type chlorophylls. (3) Only Prochlorococcus sp. NIES-2086 possesses both monovinyl chlorophyll b and divinyl chlorophyll b, while any other monovinyl-type chlorophylls are absent in this strain. Monovinyl chlorophyll b is not detected at all in the other three strains. Prochlorococcus sp. NIES-2086 is the first example that has both monovinyl chlorophyll b as well as divinyl chlorophylls a/b as major chlorophylls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Komatsu
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Wada
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Terumitsu Kanjoh
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hideaki Miyashita
- Graduate School of Human and Environment Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mayumi Sato
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kawachi
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Masami Kobayashi
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan.
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Benlloch-Tinoco M, Kaulmann A, Corte-Real J, Rodrigo D, Martínez-Navarrete N, Bohn T. Chlorophylls and carotenoids of kiwifruit puree are affected similarly or less by microwave than by conventional heat processing and storage. Food Chem 2015; 187:254-62. [PMID: 25977024 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The impact of microwave (1000 W - 340 s) and conventional heat (97 °C - 30s) pasteurisation and storage (4, 10, 22 °C for up to 63 d) on total and individual carotenoids and chlorophylls in kiwifruit puree was evaluated. Bioaccessibility of carotenoids, before and after pasteurisation and storage, was also studied. Microwaves and conventional heating led to marked changes in the chlorophyll (42-100% losses) and carotenoid (62-91% losses) content. First- and second-order kinetics appropriately explained the degradation of total carotenoids and chlorophylls over time, respectively. Pasteurised samples showed significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced stability of these pigments, with microwaves (k = 0.007-0.031100 g mg(-1) day(-1) at 4-22 °C) promoting chlorophyll stability to a greater extent than conventional heating (k = 0.0015-0.034100 g mg(-1) day(-1) at 4-22 °C). Bioaccessibility of carotenoids remained (p < 0.05) unaffected by processing and storage. These results highlighted that the pigment composition of microwaved kiwifruit was more similar to that of the fresh fruit and better preserved during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Benlloch-Tinoco
- Universitat Politècnica de València, Food Technology Department, Food Investigation and Innovation Group, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Anouk Kaulmann
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Research and Innovation Department, 41 rue du Brill, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Joana Corte-Real
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Research and Innovation Department, 41 rue du Brill, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Dolores Rodrigo
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Avda. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Martínez-Navarrete
- Universitat Politècnica de València, Food Technology Department, Food Investigation and Innovation Group, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Research and Innovation Department, 41 rue du Brill, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg.
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Nadtochenko VA, Semenov AY, Shuvalov VA. Formation and decay of P680 (P(D1)-P(D2))⁺PheoD1⁻ radical ion pair in photosystem II core complexes. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014; 1837:1384-8. [PMID: 24513193 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Under physiological conditions (278 K) femtosecond pump-probe laser spectroscopy with 20-fs time resolution was applied to study primary charge separation in spinach photosystem II (PSII) core complexes excited at 710 nm. It was shown that initial formation of anion radical band of pheophytin molecule (Pheo⁻) at 460 nm is observed with rise time of ~11ps. The kinetics of the observed rise was ascribed to charge separation between Chl (chlorophyll a) dimer, primary electron donor in PSII (P680*) and Pheo located in D1 protein subunit (PheoD1) absorbing at 420 nm, 545 nm and 680 nm with formation of the ion-radical pair P680⁺PheoDI⁻. The subsequent electron transfer from Pheo(D1)⁻ to primary plastoquinone electron acceptor (Q(A)) was accompanied by relaxation of the 460-nm band and occurred within ~250 ps in good agreement with previous measurements in Photosystem II-enriched particles and bacterial reaction centers. The subtraction of the P680⁺ spectrum measured at 455 ps delay from the spectra at 23 ps or 44 ps delay reveals the spectrum of Pheo(DI)⁻, which is very similar to that measured earlier by accumulation method. The spectrum of Pheo(DI)⁻ formation includes a bleaching (or red shift) of the 670 nm band indicating that Chl-670 is close to Pheo(D1). According to previous measurements in the femtosecond-picosecond time range this Chl-670 was ascribed to Chl(D1) [Shelaev, Gostev, Vishnev, Shkuropatov, Ptushenko, Mamedov, Sarkisov, Nadtochenko, Semenov and Shuvalov, J. Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology 104 (2011) 45-50]. Stimulated emission at 685 nm was found to have two decaying components with time constants of ~1ps and ~14ps. These components appear to reflect formation of P680⁺Chl(D1)⁻ and P680⁺Pheo(D1)⁻, respectively, as found earlier. This article is part of a special issue entitled: photosynthesis research for sustainability: keys to produce clean energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Nadtochenko
- NN Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A Yu Semenov
- NN Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Shuvalov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.
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