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Harihar S, Welch DR. KISS1 metastasis suppressor in tumor dormancy: a potential therapeutic target for metastatic cancers? Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:183-196. [PMID: 36720764 PMCID: PMC10103016 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Present therapeutic approaches do not effectively target metastatic cancers, often limited by their inability to eliminate already-seeded non-proliferative, growth-arrested, or therapy-resistant tumor cells. Devising effective approaches targeting dormant tumor cells has been a focus of cancer clinicians for decades. However, progress has been limited due to limited understanding of the tumor dormancy process. Studies on tumor dormancy have picked up pace and have resulted in the identification of several regulators. This review focuses on KISS1, a metastasis suppressor gene that suppresses metastasis by keeping tumor cells in a state of dormancy at ectopic sites. The review explores mechanistic insights of KISS1 and discusses its potential application as a therapeutic against metastatic cancers by eliminating quiescent cells or inducing long-term dormancy in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitaram Harihar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Danny R. Welch
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
- The University of Kansas Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd. Kansas City, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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2
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Wu X, Zhou L, Li F, Xiao J. PCl 3-mediated transesterification and aminolysis of tert-butyl esters via acid chloride formation. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519820987530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A PCl3-mediated conversion of tert-butyl esters into esters and amides in one-pot under air is developed. This novel protocol is highlighted by the synthesis of skeletons of bioactive molecules and gram-scale reactions. Mechanistic studies revealed that this transformation involves the formation of an acid chloride in situ, which is followed by reactions with alcohols or amines to afford the desired products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, P.R. China
| | - Fangshao Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, P.R. China
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3
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Yang T, Lu M, Lin Z, Huang M, Cai S. Visible-light-promoted oxidation/condensation of benzyl alcohols with dialkylacetamides to cinnamides. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:449-453. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02938e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
An oxidative cross-coupling reaction of benzyl alcohols with dialkylacetamides was developed to construct cinnamides under visible-light-enabled photocatalytic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province
- School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Environment
- Minnan Normal University
- Zhangzhou
| | - Maojian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province
- School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Environment
- Minnan Normal University
- Zhangzhou
| | - Zhaowei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province
- School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Environment
- Minnan Normal University
- Zhangzhou
| | - Mingqiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province
- School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Environment
- Minnan Normal University
- Zhangzhou
| | - Shunyou Cai
- Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology of Fujian Province
- School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Environment
- Minnan Normal University
- Zhangzhou
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4
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Czarnecka M, Świtalska M, Wietrzyk J, Maciejewska G, Gliszczyńska A. Synthesis and biological evaluation of phosphatidylcholines with cinnamic and 3-methoxycinnamic acids with potent antiproliferative activity. RSC Adv 2018; 8:35744-35752. [PMID: 35547935 PMCID: PMC9088016 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07002d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of eight novel phosphatidylcholines containing cinnamic or 3-methoxycinnamic acids (3a-b, 5a-b, 9a-b, 10a-b) at sn-1 and/or sn-2 positions were synthesized and tested for their antiproliferative activity in an in vitro model against representative six human cancer cell lines (MV4-11, A549, MCF-7, LoVo, LoVo/DX, HepG2) and a normal cell line BALB/3T3. The structures of the new compounds were confirmed by spectral analysis. Biological evaluation revealed that all the tested conjugates exhibited higher antitumor activity than the corresponding free aromatic acids. Compounds 3b and 9b turned out to be the most active, with IC50 values of 32.1 and 30.5 μM against the LoVo/DX and MV4-11 cell lines, respectively. Studies of the mechanism of the antitumor action were carried out for 1-palmitoyl-2-cinnamoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (5a), and it was shown to be active toward almost all the tested types of cancer cells, showing that this compound could effectively arrest the cell cycle in G2/M and decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential of leukemia MV4-11 cells. The obtained results proved that the strategy of the incorporation of cinnamic and 3-methoxycinnamic acids into phospholipids could expand their potential application in industry, as well as could improve their antiproliferative activity and selectivity toward cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Czarnecka
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences Norwida 25 50-375 Wrocław Poland
| | - Marta Świtalska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science Weigla 12 53-114 Wrocław Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science Weigla 12 53-114 Wrocław Poland
| | - Gabriela Maciejewska
- Central Laboratory of the Instrumental Analysis, Wrocław University of Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Anna Gliszczyńska
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences Norwida 25 50-375 Wrocław Poland
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5
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Sathish M, Chetan Dushantrao S, Nekkanti S, Tokala R, Thatikonda S, Tangella Y, Srinivas G, Cherukommu S, Hari Krishna N, Shankaraiah N, Nagesh N, Kamal A. Synthesis of DNA interactive C3-trans-cinnamide linked β-carboline conjugates as potential cytotoxic and DNA topoisomerase I inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4916-4929. [PMID: 30172625 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A series of new C3-trans-cinnamide linked β-carboline conjugates has been synthesized by coupling between various β-carboline amines and substituted cinnamic acids. Evaluation of their anti-proliferative activity against a panel of selected human cancer cell lines such as A549 (lung cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), B16 (melanoma), HeLa (cervical cancer) and a normal cell line NIH3T3 (mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line), suggested that the newly designed conjugates are considerably active against all the tested cancer cell lines with IC50 values 13-45 nM. Moreover, the conjugates 8v and 8x were the most active against MCF-7 cells (14.05 nM and 13.84 nM respectively) and also even potent on other cell lines tested. Further, detailed investigations such as cell cycle analysis, apoptosis induction study, topoisomerase I inhibition assay, DNA binding affinity and docking studies revealed that these new conjugates are DNA interactive topoisomerase I inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manda Sathish
- Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Sabanis Chetan Dushantrao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Shalini Nekkanti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Ramya Tokala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Soujanya Thatikonda
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Yellaiah Tangella
- Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Gunda Srinivas
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | | | - Namballa Hari Krishna
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.
| | - Narayana Nagesh
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India; School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110 062, India.
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6
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Derivatives of 6-cinnamamido-quinoline-4-carboxamide impair lysosome function and induce apoptosis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38078-38090. [PMID: 27191263 PMCID: PMC5122373 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradative process that protects cancer cells from multiple types of stress. In this study, we synthesized a series of derivatives of 6-cinnamamido-quinoline-4-carboxamide (CiQ), and investigated their effects on the proliferation and autophagy of cancer cells in vitro. These derivatives effectively inhibited the proliferation of a broad spectrum of cancer cell lines. Further study revealed that CiQ derivatives may induce autophagy and result in disruption of autophagy propagation. Consequently, these derivatives triggered massive apoptosis, as evidenced by caspase-9 activation and PARP cleavage. Blockage of autophagy by depletion of autophagy related gene ATG5 or BECN1 considerably alleviated CiQ-induced cell death, indicating that autophagy may mediate CiQ-induced cell death. Furthermore, treatment with CiQ derivatives increased lysosome membrane permeability (LMP) and enhanced accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, which collectively indicate impaired lysosome function. In addition, treatment of cells with CiQ derivatives activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK); abrogation of ERK activation, either by treating cells with U0126, an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein/ERK kinase 1 (MEK1), or by ectopically overexpressing a dominant-negative MEK1, significantly reduced CiQ derivative-induced LMP, LC3 and p62 accumulation, and cytotoxicity. These results indicate that CiQ derivatives activate ERK and disrupt lysosome function, thereby altering autophagic flux and resulting in apoptotic cell death.
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7
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Opening the door to the development of novel Abl kinase inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:2143-2165. [PMID: 27774798 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the importance of kinase activity and its relationship to the emergence and proliferation of cancer cells, due to changes in normal physiology, opened a remarkable pathway for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia through intense search of drug candidates. Six Abl kinase inhibitors have received the US FDA approval as chronic myelogenous leukemia treatment, and continuous efforts in obtaining new, more effective and selective molecules are being carried out. Herein we discuss the mechanisms of Abl inhibition, structural features and ligand/protein interactions that are important for the design of new Abl kinase inhibitors. This review provides a broad overview of binding mode predictions, through molecular docking, which can be an approach to discover novel Abl kinase inhibitors.
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8
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Ling Y, Zhao X, Li X, Wang X, Yang Y, Wang Z, Wang X, Zhang J, Zhang Y. Novel FTS-diamine/cinnamic acid hybrids inhibit tumor cell proliferation and migration and promote apoptosis via blocking Ras-related signaling in vitro. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014; 75:381-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-014-2650-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Peñafiel I, Pastor IM, Yus M. Heck-Matsuda Reactions Catalyzed by a Hydroxyalkyl-Functionalized NHC and Palladium Acetate. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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10
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Wang Y, Luo Q, Zhang X, Wang W. Isolation and purification of a modified phenazine, griseoluteic acid, produced by Streptomyces griseoluteus P510. Res Microbiol 2011; 162:311-9. [PMID: 21262358 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic phenazine derivatives and their formation pathways were studied in a new Streptomyces strain P510. Culture characteristics and 16S rRNA nucleotide analysis confirmed strain P510 as Streptomyces griseoluteus. The culture medium of this strain showed strong antimicrobial and antifungal activities. Using organic solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatography and HPLC, a modified phenazine, griseoluteic acid, and a shikimic acid-derived metabolite, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, were separated and purified. In addition, the biological activity of griseoluteic acid (GA), an important intermediate for biosynthesis of phenazine derivatives, was also investigated in this research. It significantly inhibited growth of Bacillus subtilis. The presence of GA and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde implied that the phenazine biosynthesis pathway in S. griseoluteus P510 might be initiated with shikimic acid, using phenazine-1, 6-dicarboxylic acid as the precursor. The discovery of a partial analogical sequence of phenazine biosynthetic genes, sgpC, sgpD and sgpE, in S. griseoluteus P510 further supported this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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11
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Cinnamic acid, an autoinducer of its own biosynthesis, is processed via Hca enzymes in Photorhabdus luminescens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:1717-25. [PMID: 18245247 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02589-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photorhabdus luminescens, an entomopathogenic bacterium and nematode symbiont, has homologues of the Hca and Mhp enzymes. In Escherichia coli, these enzymes catalyze the degradation of the aromatic compounds 3-phenylpropionate (3PP) and cinnamic acid (CA) and allow the use of 3PP as sole carbon source. P. luminescens is not able to use 3PP and CA as sole carbon sources but can degrade them. Hca dioxygenase is involved in this degradation pathway. P. luminescens synthesizes CA from phenylalanine via a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and degrades it via the not-yet-characterized biosynthetic pathway of 3,5-dihydroxy-4-isopropylstilbene (ST) antibiotic. CA induces its own synthesis by enhancing the expression of the stlA gene that codes for PAL. P. luminescens bacteria release endogenous CA into the medium at the end of exponential growth and then consume it. Hca dioxygenase is involved in the consumption of endogenous CA but is not required for ST production. This suggests that CA is consumed via at least two separate pathways in P. luminescens: the biosynthesis of ST and a pathway involving the Hca and Mhp enzymes.
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12
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Jiang X, Zhen Y. Cinnamamide, an antitumor agent with low cytotoxicity acting on matrix metalloproteinase. Anticancer Drugs 2000; 11:49-54. [PMID: 10757563 DOI: 10.1097/00001813-200001000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The antitumor activity of cinnamamide (CNM), an agent acting on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), was investigated in the present study. CNM displayed low cytotoxicity. By the MTT assay the IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) values of CNM on cell proliferation ranged from 1.29 to 1.94 mM in human oral epidermoid carcinoma KB cells, human hepatoma BEL-7402 cells and human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells. Moreover, the IC50 for human fetal lung 2BS cells reached 4.33 mM. The administration of CNM in the range of 50-150 mg/kg (i.p. or p.o.) showed moderate antitumor effects in mice. When administered i.p. or p.o., CNM (150 mg/kg) inhibited the growth of transplanted hepatoma 22 by 48.8 or 40.5%, respectively. At the dose of 100 mg/kg, CNM inhibited the growth of colon 26 carcinoma by 39.0% and that of Lewis lung carcinoma by 53.9%. In the Lewis lung carcinoma model, CNM at the dose of 100 mg/kg (i.p.) also reduced the lung metastasis by 59.1%. Gelatine zymography revealed that CNM was able to decrease the level of MMP-2 in conditioned medium of HT-1080 tumor cells in a concentration-dependent manner. These results indicate that CNM is an antitumor agent with low cytotoxicity acting on MMP and may serve as a lead compound in the development of antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
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13
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Jiang XF, Shang BY, Jin LF, Hu JL, Zhen YS. Antitumor components from an actinomycete strain 6011W. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 1999; 2:31-38. [PMID: 11261203 DOI: 10.1080/10286029908039888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Three bioactive compounds that inhibited nucleoside transport were isolated from the cultured broth of Streptoverticillium sp. 6011W. The structures of those compounds were characterized as cinnamamide, N-(tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-thienyl)-acetamide and benzamide, respectively. They all inhibited radiolabeled thymidine transport into Ehrlich carcinoma cells, with IC50 values of 30.4, 97.2 and 85.4 microM, respectively. When administered i.p., cinnamamide not only inhibited the growth of transplanted tumors but also reduced the number of lung metastases in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma. The results suggest that nucleoside transport inhibition assay is a valuable model to search for antitumor agents of natural origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- X F Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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14
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Varma RS. Dietary bioflavonoids, chalcones, and related alkenones in prevention and treatment of cancer. Nutrition 1996; 12:643-5. [PMID: 8878176 DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(97)85132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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15
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Abstract
Most of the pharmaceuticals in clinical practice today for treatment of breast and other cancers are cytotoxic or cytostatic inhibitors of tumor growth. While this type of drug has found its place, along with surgery and radiotherapy, in treatment of disease, the breast cancer death rate has not decreased. This appears to be the result of rising incidence, resistance to therapy, and metastasis of the disease. Since distant metastasis (usually indicated by lymph node involvement) of breast cancer is related only indirectly to tumor size, it would appear that a concerted effort should be made to discover drugs which directly interfere with this complex process. Metastasis appears to depend upon tumor cell motility, dedifferentiation, local invasion, and angiogenesis. Significant progress has been recently made in the creation of new animal models of metastasis and in identifying several new drugs which may be suitable for clinical inhibition of this process. This article reviews current findings on anti-invasion/metastasis drugs with a focus on breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Dickson
- Lombardi Cancer Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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16
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Liu L, Hudgins WR, Shack S, Yin MQ, Samid D. Cinnamic acid: a natural product with potential use in cancer intervention. Int J Cancer 1995; 62:345-50. [PMID: 7628877 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910620319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamic acid, a naturally occurring aromatic fatty acid of low toxicity, has a long history of human exposure. We now show that cinnamic acid induces cytostasis and a reversal of malignant properties of human tumor cells in vitro. The concentration causing a 50% reduction of cell proliferation (IC50) ranged from 1 to 4.5 mM in glioblastoma, melanoma, prostate and lung carcinoma cells. Using melanoma cells as a model, we found that cinnamic acid induces cell differentiation as evidenced by morphological changes and increased melanin production. Moreover, treated cells had reduced invasive capacity associated with modulation of expression of genes implicated in tumor metastasis (collagenase type IV, and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase 2) and immunogenicity (HLA-A3, class-I major histocompatibility antigen). Further molecular analysis indicated that the anti-tumor activity of cinnamic acid may be due in part to the inhibition of protein isoprenylation known to block mitogenic signal transduction. The results presented here identify cinnamic acid as a new member of the aromatic fatty acid class of differentiation-inducers with potential use in cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Differentiation Section, Clinical Pharmacology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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17
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Jiang WG, Puntis MC, Hallett MB. Molecular and cellular basis of cancer invasion and metastasis: implications for treatment. Br J Surg 1994; 81:1576-90. [PMID: 7827878 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.1800811107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade significant advances in establishing the underlying biological mechanisms of tumour invasion and metastasis have been made. Some of the triggering factors and genes relevant to metastatic spread have been identified. Advances have also been made in understanding the signal transduction pathways involved in invasion and metastasis. This increased comprehension of the malignant metastatic process has enabled new antimetastatic strategies to be devised. This review summarizes progress in these areas and discusses the implications for the treatment of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Jiang
- Department of Surgery, University of Wales College of Medicine, Health Park, Cardiff, UK
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