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Lee EM, Lee SS, Tripathi BN, Jung HS, Cao GP, Lee Y, Singh S, Hong SH, Lee KW, Lee SY, Cho JY, Chung BY. Site-directed mutagenesis substituting cysteine for serine in 2-Cys peroxiredoxin (2-Cys Prx A) of Arabidopsis thaliana effectively improves its peroxidase and chaperone functions. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 116:713-25. [PMID: 26141131 PMCID: PMC4577999 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The 2-Cys peroxiredoxin (Prx) A protein of Arabidopsis thaliana performs the dual functions of a peroxidase and a molecular chaperone depending on its conformation and the metabolic conditions. However, the precise mechanism responsible for the functional switching of 2-Cys Prx A is poorly known. This study examines various serine-to-cysteine substitutions on α-helix regions of 2-Cys Prx A in Arabidopsis mutants and the effects they have on the dual function of the protein. METHODS Various mutants of 2-Cys Prx A were generated by replacing serine (Ser) with cysteine (Cys) at different locations by site-directed mutagenesis. The mutants were then over-expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified protein was further analysed by size exclusion chromatography, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, circular dichroism spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and image analysis. Peroxidase activity, molecular chaperone activity and hydrophobicity of the proteins were also determined. Molecular modelling analysis was performed in order to demonstrate the relationship between mutation positions and switching of 2-Cys Prx A activity. KEY RESULTS Replacement of Ser(150) with Cys(150) led to a marked increase in holdase chaperone and peroxidase activities of 2-Cys Prx A, which was associated with a change in the structure of an important domain of the protein. Molecular modelling demonstrated the relationship between mutation positions and the switching of 2-Cys Prx A activity. Examination of the α2 helix, dimer-dimer interface and C-term loop indicated that the peroxidase function is associated with a fully folded α2 helix and easy formation of a stable reduced decamer, while a more flexible C-term loop makes the chaperone function less likely. CONCLUSIONS Substitution of Cys for Ser at amino acid location 150 of the α-helix of 2-Cys Prx A regulates/enhances the dual enzymatic functions of the 2-Cys Prx A protein. If confirmed in planta, this leads to the potential for it to be used to maximize the functional utility of 2-Cys Prx A protein for improved metabolic functions and stress resistance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Sik Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhumi Nath Tripathi
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Guang Ping Cao
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea and
| | - Yuno Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea and
| | - Sudhir Singh
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Hong
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Woo Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea and
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea and
| | - Jae-Young Cho
- Department of Bioenvironmental Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yeoup Chung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea,
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Pena-Ahumada A, Kahmann U, Dietz KJ, Baier M. Regulation of peroxiredoxin expression versus expression of Halliwell-Asada-Cycle enzymes during early seedling development of Arabidopsis thaliana. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2006; 89:99-112. [PMID: 16915352 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-006-9087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
During early seedling development of oil seed plants, the transition from lipid based heterotrophic to photoautotrophic carbohydrate metabolism is accompanied with a biphasic control of the chloroplast antioxidant system. In continuous light, organellar peroxiredoxins (Prx) and thylakoid-bound ascorbate peroxidase (tAPx) are activated early in seedling development, while stromal ascorbate peroxidase (sAPx), Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase-2 (Csd2) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and the cytosolic peroxiredoxins PrxIIB, PrxIIC and PrxIID are fully activated between 2.5 and 3 days after radicle emergence (DARE). Discontinuous light synchronized the expression of chloroplast antioxidant enzymes, but defined diurnally specific typeII-Prx-patterns in the cytosol and initiated chloroplast senescence around 2.5 DARE. Carbohydrate feeding uncoupled sAPx expression from the light pattern. In contrast, sucrose-feeding did not significantly impact on Prx transcript amounts. It is concluded that upon post-germination growth Prxs are activated endogenously to provide early antioxidant protection, which is supported by the Halliwell-Asada-Cycle, whose expressional activation depends on metabolic signals provided only later in development or in day-night-cycles.
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Baier M, Dietz KJ. Protective function of chloroplast 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin in photosynthesis. Evidence from transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1999; 119:1407-14. [PMID: 10198100 PMCID: PMC32026 DOI: 10.1104/pp.119.4.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/1998] [Accepted: 01/05/1999] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
2-Cysteine peroxiredoxins (2-CPs) constitute a ubiquitous group of peroxidases that reduce cell-toxic alkyl hydroperoxides to their corresponding alcohols. Recently, we cloned 2-CP cDNAs from plants and characterized them as chloroplast proteins. To elucidate the physiological function of the 2-CP in plant metabolism, we generated antisense mutants in Arabidopsis. In the mutant lines a 2-CP deficiency developed during early leaf and plant development and eventually the protein accumulated to wild-type levels. In young mutants with reduced amounts of 2-CP, photosynthesis was impaired and the levels of D1 protein, the light-harvesting protein complex associated with photosystem II, chloroplast ATP synthase, and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase were decreased. Photoinhibition was particularly pronounced after the application of the protein synthesis inhibitor, lincomycin. We concluded that the photosynthetic machinery needs high levels of 2-CP during leaf development to protect it from oxidative damage and that the damage is reduced by the accumulation of 2-CP protein, by the de novo synthesis and replacement of damaged proteins, and by the induction of other antioxidant defenses in 2-CP mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baier
- Stoffwechselphysiologie und Biochemie der Pflanzen, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Baier M, Dietz KJ. Primary structure and expression of plant homologues of animal and fungal thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductases and bacterial alkyl hydroperoxide reductases. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1996; 31:553-64. [PMID: 8790288 DOI: 10.1007/bf00042228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Higher plants express genes encoding peroxiredoxins of the two-cysteine type. This is concluded from the isolation of cDNAs from spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Gerbel) which are homologous to animal, fungal, and bacterial two-cysteine peroxiredoxins. Northern blot analysis indicated the presence of at least one corresponding gene in all angiosperms analyzed suggesting that bas1 is a member of an ubiquitous gene family encoding a protein of fundamental importance in oxidative stress defense also in plants. In barley, expression increased upon application of methyl viologen but was not affected by ozone. mRNA levels increased during deetiolation in the light. Maximal abundance of bas1 transcripts was observed in young developing shoot segments where cell division and elongation take place. Expression was insignificant in roots. The amount of bas1 protein was high in the leaf blade, particularly in etiolated plants, and did not respond to oxidative stress. bas1 protein was not detected in roots. From our data, we suggest that bas1 is an antioxidant enzyme particularly important in the developing shoot and photosynthesizing leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baier
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Lehrstuhl für Botanik I, Würzburg, Germany
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