1
|
Chen L, Pan Y, Cheng J, Zhu X, Chu W, Meng YY, Bin S, Zhang J. Characterization of myosin heavy chain (MYH) genes and their differential expression in white and red muscles of Chinese perch, Siniperca chuatsi. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:125907. [PMID: 37482155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Fish skeletal muscle is composed of two anatomically and functionally different fiber layers, white or fast and red or slow muscles. Myosin, the major structural protein of fish skeletal muscle, contains multiple myosin heavy chain (MYH) isoforms involved in the high plasticity of muscle in response to varying functional demands and/or environmental changes. In this study, we comparatively assayed the cellular and ultrastructural feature of white and red skeletal muscles. Then, a total of 28 class II myosin heavy chain genes were identified in by searching the Chinese perch genome database. Among them, 14 genes code for the fast-muscle-type myosin heavy chain, and 7 genes code for the slow-muscle-type myosin heavy chain. Further, the different isoform gene structures, function domains, phylogenetic relations, and muscle-fiber type-specific expression were characterized. This is the first systematic work on the molecular characterization of class II myosin heavy chain isoforms and the differential analysis of their expression in red and white muscle tissues in Chinese perch Siniperca chuatsi. Our work provided valuable information for a better understanding of myh genes and their molecular characteristics, and the correlations of multiple myosin isoforms with potential functions in response to varying functional demands and/or environmental changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Hunan 410003, China
| | - Yaxong Pan
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Hunan 410003, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Hunan 410003, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Hunan 410003, China
| | - Wuying Chu
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Hunan 410003, China
| | - Yang Yang Meng
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Hunan 410003, China
| | - Shiyu Bin
- Department of Biology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 419034, Guangxi, China.
| | - Jianshe Zhang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Hunan 410003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Panov VP, Safonova SS, Baidarov IV. Ethological Features of the Ontogenesis of the Locomotor System in Bony Fish (by the Example of the Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022040112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
3
|
Campinho MA. Teleost Metamorphosis: The Role of Thyroid Hormone. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:383. [PMID: 31258515 PMCID: PMC6587363 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In most teleosts, metamorphosis encompasses a dramatic post-natal developmental process where the free-swimming larvae undergo a series of morphological, cellular and physiological changes that enable the larvae to become a fully formed, albeit sexually immature, juvenile fish. In all teleosts studied to date thyroid hormones (TH) drive metamorphosis, being the necessary and sufficient factors behind this developmental transition. During metamorphosis, negative regulation of thyrotropin by thyroxine (T4) is relaxed allowing higher whole-body levels of T4 that enable specific responses at the tissue/cellular level. Higher local thyroid cellular signaling leads to cell-specific responses that bring about localized developmental events. TH orchestrate in a spatial-temporal manner all local developmental changes so that in the end a fully functional organism arises. In bilateral teleost species, the most evident metamorphic morphological change underlies a transition to a more streamlined body. In the pleuronectiform lineage (flatfishes), these metamorphic morphological changes are more dramatic. The most evident is the migration of one eye to the opposite side of the head and the symmetric pelagic larva development into an asymmetric benthic juvenile. This transition encompasses a dramatic loss of the embryonic derived dorsal-ventral and left-right axis. The embryonic dorsal-ventral axis becomes the left-right axis, whereas the embryonic left-right axis becomes, irrespectively, the dorsal-ventral axis of the juvenile animal. This event is an unparalleled morphological change in vertebrate development and a remarkable display of the capacity of TH-signaling in shaping adaptation and evolution in teleosts. Notwithstanding all this knowledge, there are still fundamental questions in teleost metamorphosis left unanswered: how the central regulation of metamorphosis is achieved and the neuroendocrine network involved is unclear; the detailed cellular and molecular events that give rise to the developmental processes occurring during teleost metamorphosis are still mostly unknown. Also in flatfish, comparatively little is still known about the developmental processes behind asymmetric development. This review summarizes the current knowledge on teleost metamorphosis and explores the gaps that still need to be challenged.
Collapse
|
4
|
Voesenek CJ, Muijres FT, van Leeuwen JL. Biomechanics of swimming in developing larval fish. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:221/1/jeb149583. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.149583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Most larvae of bony fish are able to swim almost immediately after hatching. Their locomotory system supports several vital functions: fish larvae make fast manoeuvres to escape from predators, aim accurately during suction feeding and may migrate towards suitable future habitats. Owing to their small size and low swimming speed, larval fish operate in the intermediate hydrodynamic regime, which connects the viscous and inertial flow regimes. They experience relatively strong viscous effects at low swimming speeds, and relatively strong inertial effects at their highest speeds. As the larvae grow and increase swimming speed, a shift occurs towards the inertial flow regime. To compensate for size-related limitations on swimming speed, fish larvae exploit high tail beat frequencies at their highest speeds, made possible by their low body inertia and fast neuromuscular system. The shifts in flow regime and body inertia lead to changing functional demands on the locomotory system during larval growth. To reach the reproductive adult stage, the developing larvae need to adjust to and perform the functions necessary for survival. Just after hatching, many fish larvae rely on yolk and need to develop their feeding systems before the yolk is exhausted. Furthermore, the larvae need to develop and continuously adjust their sensory, neural and muscular systems to catch prey and avoid predation. This Review discusses the hydrodynamics of swimming in the intermediate flow regime, the changing functional demands on the locomotory system of the growing and developing larval fish, and the solutions that have evolved to accommodate these demands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cees J. Voesenek
- Experimental Zoology Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Florian T. Muijres
- Experimental Zoology Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan L. van Leeuwen
- Experimental Zoology Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang H, Chang CM, Shen KN, Xian W, Hsiao CD. Identification of myogenic regulatory genes in the muscle transcriptome of beltfish (Trichiurus lepturus): A major commercial marine fish species with robust swimming ability. GENOMICS DATA 2016; 8:81-4. [PMID: 27222805 PMCID: PMC4856820 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The beltfish (Trichiurus lepturus) is considered as one of the most economically important marine fish in East Asia. It is a top predator with a robust swimming ability that is a good model to study muscle physiology in fish. In the present study, we used Illumina sequencing technology (NextSeq500) to sequence, assemble and annotate the muscle transcriptome of juvenile beltfish. A total of 57,509,280 clean reads (deposited in NCBI SRA database with accession number of SRX1674471) were obtained from RNA sequencing and 26,811 unigenes (with N50 of 1033 bp) were obtained after de novo assembling with Trinity software. BLASTX against NR, GO, KEGG and eggNOG databases show 100%, 49%, 31% and 96% annotation rate, respectively. By mining beltfish muscle transcriptome, several key genes which play essential role on regulating myogenesis, including pax3, pax7, myf5, myoD, mrf4/myf6, myogenin and myostatin were identified with a low expression level. The muscle transcriptome of beltfish can provide some insight into the understanding of genome-wide transcriptome profile of teleost muscle tissue and give useful information to study myogenesis in juvenile/adult fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chung-Ming Chang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Ning Shen
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, 20224 Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Weiwei Xian
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence to: W. Xian, Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment SciencesInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266071China
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, 32023 Chung-Li, Taiwan
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mareco EA, Garcia de la Serrana D, Johnston IA, Dal-Pai-Silva M. Characterization of the transcriptome of fast and slow muscle myotomal fibres in the pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). BMC Genomics 2015; 16:182. [PMID: 25886905 PMCID: PMC4372171 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) is a member of the Characiform family native to the Prata Basin (South America) and a target for the aquaculture industry. A limitation for the development of a selective breeding program for this species is a lack of available genetic information. The primary objectives of the present study were 1) to increase the genetic resources available for the species, 2) to exploit the anatomical separation of myotomal fibres types to compare the transcriptomes of slow and fast muscle phenotypes and 3) to systematically investigate the expression of Ubiquitin Specific Protease (USP) family members in fast and slow muscle in response to fasting and refeeding. RESULTS We generated 0.6 Tb of pair-end reads from slow and fast skeletal muscle libraries. Over 665 million reads were assembled into 504,065 contigs with an average length of 1,334 bp and N50 = 2,772 bp. We successfully annotated nearly 47% of the transcriptome and identified around 15,000 unique genes and over 8000 complete coding sequences. 319 KEGG metabolic pathways were also annotated and 380 putative microsatellites were identified. 956 and 604 genes were differentially expressed between slow and fast skeletal muscle, respectively. 442 paralogues pairs arising from the teleost-specific whole genome duplication were identified, with the majority showing different expression patterns between fibres types (301 in slow and 245 in fast skeletal muscle). 45 members of the USP family were identified in the transcriptome. Transcript levels were quantified by qPCR in a separate fasting and refeeding experiment. USP genes in fast muscle showed a similar transient increase in expression with fasting as the better characterized E3 ubiquitin ligases. CONCLUSION We have generated a 53-fold coverage transcriptome for fast and slow myotomal muscle in the pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) significantly increasing the genetic resources available for this important aquaculture species. We describe significant differences in gene expression between muscle fibre types for fundamental components of general metabolism, the Pi3k/Akt/mTor network and myogenesis, including detailed analysis of paralogue expression. We also provide a comprehensive description of USP family member expression between muscle fibre types and with changing nutritional status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edson A Mareco
- Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, 18618-970, São Paulo, Brazil. .,School of Biology, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 8LB, Scotland, UK.
| | | | - Ian A Johnston
- School of Biology, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 8LB, Scotland, UK.
| | - Maeli Dal-Pai-Silva
- Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, 18618-970, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Molecular and cellular changes in skin and muscle during metamorphosis of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) are accompanied by changes in deiodinases expression. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 350:333-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
8
|
Asaduzzaman M, Kinoshita S, Siddique BS, Asakawa S, Watabe S. Multiple cis-elements in the 5'-flanking region of embryonic/larval fast-type of the myosin heavy chain gene of torafugu, MYH(M743-2), function in the transcriptional regulation of its expression. Gene 2011; 489:41-54. [PMID: 21893174 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The myosin heavy chain gene, MYH(M743-2), is highly expressed in fast muscle fibers of torafugu embryos and larvae, suggesting its functional roles for embryonic and larval muscle development. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanism involved in its expression remained unknown. Here, we analyzed the 2075bp 5'-flanking region of torafugu MYH(M743-2) to examine the spatial and temporal regulation by using transgenic and transient expression techniques in zebrafish embryos. Combining both transient and transgenic analyses, we demonstrated that the 2075bp 5'-flanking sequences was sufficient for its expression in skeletal, craniofacial and pectoral fin muscles. The immunohistochemical observation revealed that the zebrafish larvae from the stable transgenic line consistently expressed enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in fast muscle fibers. Promoter deletion analyses demonstrated that the minimum 468bp promoter region could direct MYH(M743-2) expression in zebrafish larvae. We discovered that the serum response factor (SRF)-like binding sites are required for promoting MYH(M743-2) expression and myoblast determining factor (MyoD) and myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) binding sites participate in the transcriptional control of MYH(M743-2) expression in fast skeletal muscles. We further discovered that MyoD binding sites, but not MEF2, participate in the transcriptional regulation of MYH(M743-2) expression in pectoral fin and craniofacial muscles. These results clearly demonstrated that multiple cis-elements in the 5'-flanking region of MYH(M743-2) function in the transcriptional control of its expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Asaduzzaman
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kacperczyk A, Jędrzejowska I, Daczewska M. Differentiation and growth of myotomal muscles in a non-model tropical fish Pterophyllum scalare (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Anat Histol Embryol 2011; 40:411-8. [PMID: 21569078 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2011.01086.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Somite differentiation, muscle fibres formation and growth were analysed in a non-model tropical fish Pterophyllum scalare. In this study, it was found that during somite differentiation, a primary myotome appears. The primary myotome is filled with multinucleated myotubes that constitute the major part of the somite. Subsequently, Pax-3 (paired-box protein)-positive cells, located externally to the myotomes, appear. In post-hatching stages, mononucleated proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells are observed in the inter-myotomal spaces and within the myotomes. The mononucleated cells, situated in the myotomes, first express desmin in their cytoplasm and then Pax-7 (paired-box protein) in their nuclei. Expression of desmin indicates that they will enter myogenic pathway, whereas expression of Pax-7 suggests their role of satellite cells. We assume that mononucleated intramyotomal cells are myogenic precursors involved in muscle growth. In advanced (post-hatching) stages of myogenesis, myotomes contain both primary and new muscle fibres. Morphometric analyses show that in Pterophyllum scalare, growth of muscle fibres is mainly a result of hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kacperczyk
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Zoological Institute, University of Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Advances in research on the prenatal development of skeletal muscle in animals in relation to the quality of muscle-based food. I. Regulation of myogenesis and environmental impact. Animal 2011; 5:703-17. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731110002089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
|
11
|
Silva P, Power DM, Valente LMP, Silva N, Monteiro RAF, Rocha E. Expression of the myosin light chains 1, 2 and 3 in the muscle of blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo, Brunnich), during development. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2010; 36:1125-1132. [PMID: 20237954 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-010-9390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on the histochemistry and immunoreactivity of fibres in lateral muscle of blackspot seabream indicated that there is a developmental transition in the composition of myofibrillar proteins, which presumably reflects changes in contractile function as the fish grows. We hypothesize that the phenomenon underscores age and spatial differences in the expression of myosin light chains (MLC), not studied yet in this species. In this study, we examined selected stages in the post-hatching development of the muscle of blackspot seabream: hatching (0 days), mouth opening (5 days), weaning (40 days) and juveniles (70 days). The spatial expression of embryonic MLC 1 (MLC1), 2 (MLC2) and 3 (MLC3) was studied by in situ hybridization. Overall, MLC expression patterns were overlapping and restricted to the fast muscle. At hatching and mouth opening, all MLC types were highly expressed throughout the musculature in fast muscle. The expression levels in fast muscle remained high until weaning when germinal zones appeared on the dorsal and ventral areas. The germinal zones were characterized by small-diameter fast fibres with high levels of MLC expression. This pattern persisted up to day 70, when the germinal zones disappeared and expression of MLCs was observed only in the smaller cells of the fast muscle mosaic. These results support our hypothesis and, together with previous imuno- and histochemistry results, allow a better understanding of the mechanism of muscle differentiation and growth in fish beyond larval stages, and form- the basis for further comparative and experimental studies with this economically relevant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Silva
- ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar 2, 4099-003, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ibarz A, Felip O, Fernández-Borràs J, Martín-Pérez M, Blasco J, Torrella JR. Sustained swimming improves muscle growth and cellularity in gilthead sea bream. J Comp Physiol B 2010; 181:209-17. [PMID: 20882387 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-010-0516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two groups of juvenile gilthead sea bream were kept on two different swimming regimes (Exercise, E: 1.5 body length s(-1) or Control, C: voluntary activity) for 1 month. All fish were first adapted to an experimental diet low in protein and rich in digestible carbohydrates (37.2% protein, 40.4% carbohydrates, 12.5% lipid). The cellularity and capillarisation of white muscle from two selected areas (cranial (Cr), below the dorsal fin, and caudal (Ca), behind the anal fin) were compared. The body weight and specific growth rate (SGR) of group E rose significantly without an increment in feed intake, pointing to higher nutrient-use efficiency. The white muscle fibre cross-sectional area and the perimeter of cranial samples increased after sustained activity, evidencing that sustained exercise enhances hypertrophic muscle development. However, we cannot conclude or rule out the possibility of fibre recruitment because the experimental period was too short. In the control group, capillarisation, which is extremely low in gilthead sea bream white muscle, showed a significantly higher number of fibres with no surrounding capillaries (F0) in the cranial area than in the caudal area, unlike the exercise group. Sustained swimming improved muscle machinery even in tissue normally associated with short bouts of very rapid anaerobic activity. So, through its effect on the use of tissue reserves and nutrients, exercise contributes to improvements in fish growth what can contribute to reducing nitrogen losses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Ibarz
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avd. Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Silva P, Valente LMP, Olmedo M, Galante MH, Monteiro RAF, Rocha E. Hyperplastic and hypertrophic growth of lateral muscle in blackspot seabream Pagellus bogaraveo from hatching to juvenile. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2009; 74:37-53. [PMID: 20735523 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.02122.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
To understand better the growth mechanisms in the economically important fish Pagellus bogaraveo, in terms of muscle fibre hyperplasia v. hypertrophy, the lateral muscle of this fish was studied morphometrically from hatching to juvenile comparing rostral and caudal locations. Fish were sampled at 0, 5, 23, 40, 70, 100, 140 and 180 days. Fibre types were first identified by succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and immunostaining with a polyclonal antibody against fish slow myosin (4-96). Morphometric variables were then measured in transverse body sections, at both post-opercular and post-anal locations, to estimate the following variables: total muscle area [A (muscle)], total fibre number [N (fibres)], fibre number per unit area of muscle [N(A)(fibres, muscle)] and cross-sectional fibre area [a (fibres)] of the two main muscle fibre types (white and red). Overall, growth throughout the various stages resulted from increases both in the number and in the size of muscle fibres, paralleled by an expansion of the [A (muscle)]. Nonetheless, that increase was not significant between 0-5 days on one hand and 100-140 days, on the other hand. On the contrary, the [N(A)(fibres, muscle)] declined as the body length increased. Analysis of the muscle growth kinetics suggested that, within the important time frame studied, hyperplasia gave the main relative contribution to the increase of white muscle [A (white muscle)], whereas red muscle [A (red muscle)] mainly grew by hypertrophy, with both phenomena occurring at a faster pace posteriorly in the body. Finally, when comparing rostral and caudal locations, a greater [N (fibres)] and [A (muscle)] of the posterior white and red fibres were the consistent features. It was also observed that the proportion of the cross-sectional area of the myotomal muscle comprised of white muscle was greater in the anterior part of the fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Muscle differentiation in blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo, Brunnich): Histochemical and immunohistochemical study of the fibre types. Tissue Cell 2008; 40:447-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2007] [Revised: 05/05/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
15
|
Darias MJ, Zambonino-Infante JL, Hugot K, Cahu CL, Mazurais D. Gene expression patterns during the larval development of European sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax) by microarray analysis. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2008; 10:416-428. [PMID: 18246396 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-007-9078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Revised: 12/10/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
During the larval period, marine teleosts undergo very fast growth and dramatic changes in morphology, metabolism, and behavior to accomplish their metamorphosis into juvenile fish. Regulation of gene expression is widely thought to be a key mechanism underlying the management of the biological processes required for harmonious development over this phase of life. To provide an overall analysis of gene expression in the whole body during sea bass larval development, we monitored the expression of 6,626 distinct genes at 10 different points in time between 7 and 43 days post-hatching (dph) by using heterologous hybridization of a rainbow trout cDNA microarray. The differentially expressed genes (n = 485) could be grouped into two categories: genes that were generally up-expressed early, between 7 and 23 dph, and genes up-expressed between 25 and 43 dph. Interestingly, among the genes regulated during the larval period, those related to organogenesis, energy pathways, biosynthesis, and digestion were over-represented compared with total set of analyzed genes. We discuss the quantitative regulation of whole-body contents of these specific transcripts with regard to the ontogenesis and maturation of essential functions that take place over larval development. Our study is the first utilization of a transcriptomic approach in sea bass and reveals dynamic changes in gene expression patterns in relation to marine finfish larval development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Darias
- Ifremer, Nutrition Aquaculture and Genomics Research Unit, UMR 1067, Ifremer, Technopole Brest-Iroise, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Patterson SE, Mook LB, Devoto SH. Growth in the larval zebrafish pectoral fin and trunk musculature. Dev Dyn 2008; 237:307-15. [PMID: 18081190 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
After initial patterning, muscle in the trunk and fins of teleosts grows extensively. Here, we describe muscle growth in zebrafish, with emphasis on the pectoral fin musculature. In the trunk, slow muscle fibers differentiate first. In contrast, slow muscle does not appear in the pectoral fin until the beginning of the juvenile period. Mosaic hyperplasia contributes to trunk muscle growth, and new fibers are apparent within the muscle as early as 6 mm standard length. In the pectoral fin muscle, mosaic hyperplasia is not evident at any examined stage. Instead, the predominant mode of hyperplasia is stratified. In larval pectoral fin muscle new fibers appear subjacent to the skin, and this correlates with the expression of myogenic genes such as muscle regulatory factors and Pax7. Our results suggest that regulation of fiber type development and muscle growth may differ in the pectoral fin and trunk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Patterson
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Physicochemical characteristics of muscle proteins from barracuda (Sphyraena jello) of different weight groups. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2006.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
18
|
Troponin T isoform expression is modulated during Atlantic halibut metamorphosis. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2007; 7:71. [PMID: 17577411 PMCID: PMC1919359 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-7-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flatfish metamorphosis is a thyroid hormone (TH) driven process which leads to a dramatic change from a symmetrical larva to an asymmetrical juvenile. The effect of THs on muscle and in particular muscle sarcomer protein genes is largely unexplored in fish. The change in Troponin T (TnT), a pivotal protein in the assembly of skeletal muscles sarcomeres and a modulator of calcium driven muscle contraction, during flatfish metamophosis is studied. RESULTS In the present study five cDNAs for halibut TnT genes were cloned; three were splice variants arising from a single fast TnT (fTnT) gene; a fourth encoded a novel teleost specific fTnT-like cDNA (AfTnT) expressed exclusively in slow muscle and the fifth encoded the teleost specific sTnT2. THs modified the expression of halibut fTnT isoforms which changed from predominantly basic to acidic isoforms during natural and T4 induced metamorphosis. In contrast, expression of red muscle specific genes, AfTnT and sTnT2, did not change during natural metamorphosis or after T4 treatment. Prior to and after metamorphosis no change in the dorso-ventral symmetry or temporal-spatial expression pattern of TnT genes and muscle fibre organization occurred in halibut musculature. CONCLUSION Muscle organisation in halibut remains symmetrical even after metamorphosis suggesting TH driven changes are associated with molecular adaptations. We hypothesize that species specific differences in TnT gene expression in teleosts underlies different larval muscle developmental programs which better adapts them to the specific ecological constraints.
Collapse
|
19
|
Campinho MA, Power DM, Sweeney GE. Identification and analysis of teleost slow muscle troponin T (sTnT) and intronless TnT genes. Gene 2005; 361:67-79. [PMID: 16168583 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2005.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2004] [Revised: 04/13/2005] [Accepted: 06/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study cDNA clones representing two slow skeletal muscle troponin T genes (sTnT1sb and sTnT2sb) in the sea bream (Sparus auratus), an important aquaculture species, were isolated and characterised. A third, intronless, TnT gene (iTnTsb), which is an apparent orthologue of a previously described zebrafish TnT, was also isolated. In adult sea bream sTnT expression was restricted to red muscle and, using northern blotting, a single low abundance transcript was identified for sTnT1sb (1260 nucleotides) and a single high abundance transcript was identified for sTnT2sb (1000 nucleotides). In contrast, iTnTsb is predominantly expressed in adult fast muscle. All three TnT genes are also expressed during larval development. Phylogenetic analysis of sea bream sTnT proteins to identify maximum parsimony showed that iTnTsb, sTnT1sb and sTnT2sb each cluster in independent groups. sTnT1sb clustered with other vertebrate sTnTs, while sTnT2 clustered with a group of fish specific sequences (from Fugu rubripes, Oryzia latipes and Salmo trutta). The teleost sTnT2 and iTnT each constitute new, apparently teleost specific, TnT groups. Analysis of the corresponding Fugu scaffold indicates that sTnT2sb is encoded by a gene with twelve exons. The two sTnT cDNAs isolated in sea bream probably arose by duplication of an ancestral gene, and iTnT by reverse transcription. It remains to be established if the encoded proteins have different structural and mechanistic roles in fish muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Campinho
- CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dal Pai-Silva M, Carvalho RF, Pellizzon CH, Dal Pai V. Muscle growth in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): histochemical, ultrastructural and morphometric study. Tissue Cell 2003; 35:179-87. [PMID: 12798127 DOI: 10.1016/s0040-8166(03)00019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Muscle growth in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was studied focusing on histochemical, ultrastructural, and morphometric characteristics of muscle fibers. Based on body length (cm), we studied four groups: G1=1.36+/-0.09, G2=3.38+/-0.44, G3=8.90+/-1.47, and G4=28.30+/-3.29 (mean+/-S.D.). All groups showed intense reaction to NADH-TR in subdermal fibers and weak or no reaction in deep layer fibers. In G3 and G4, an intermediate layer was also observed with fibers presenting weak reaction; in G4, groups of fibers with intense reaction were observed in the subdermal region. The myosin ATPase (m-ATPase) activities were acid-stable and alkali-labile in subdermal fibers; most deep layer fibers were alkali-stable and acid-labile. Intermediate fibers were acid-labile and alkali-stable. Two fiber populations were observed near deep muscle layer: one large presenting weak acid- and alkali-stable and the other small alkali-stable. During growth, muscle fiber hypertrophy was more evident in intermediate and white fibers for G3 and G4. However, in these groups, the presence of fiber diameters < or =21 microm suggested that there is still substantial fiber recruitment, confirmed by ultrastructural study, but hypertrophy is the main mechanism contributing to increase in muscular mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Dal Pai-Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000 CEP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Radaelli G, Rowlerson A, Mascarello F, Patruno M, Funkenstein B. Myostatin precursor is present in several tissues in teleost fish: a comparative immunolocalization study. Cell Tissue Res 2003; 311:239-50. [PMID: 12596043 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-002-0668-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2002] [Accepted: 10/29/2002] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the distribution of myostatin was investigated during larval and postlarval developmental stages of Sparus aurata(sea bream), Solea solea(sole) and Brachydanio rerio(zebrafish) by immunohistochemistry using antisera raised against a synthetic peptide located within the precursor region of sea bream myostatin. All the three species examined showed the strongest immunoreactivity in red skeletal muscle in juveniles and adults. During larval development of sea bream, strong staining was detected in skin and brain. Immunoreactivity was also found in muscle, pharynx, gills, pancreas and liver. From metamorphosis, immunoreactivity was identifiable in the oesophagus, in the apical portion of the stomach epithelium, in the intestinal epithelium and in renal tubules. In larval zebrafish at hatching, the most intense myostatin immunoreactivity was evident in the skin epithelium. Immunoreactivity was also found in the retina and brain. In the adult, an intense immunostaining occurred in the gastrointestinal tract as well as in the ovary. In sole larvae, immunoreactivity was found in liver and intestine. Our results support the hypothesis suggested earlier that myostatins in fish have retained a different partition (compared with mammals) of the expression patterns and functions which characterized the ancestral gene before the duplication event that gave rise to growth differentiation factor-11 (GDF-11) and GDF-8 (myostatin).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Radaelli
- Department of Experimental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xie SQ, Mason PS, Wilkes D, Goldspink G, Fauconneau B, Stickland NC. Lower environmental temperature delays and prolongs myogenic regulatory factor expression and muscle differentiation in rainbow trout (Onchrhynchus mykiss) embryos. Differentiation 2001; 68:106-14. [PMID: 11686232 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-0436.2001.680204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of different temperatures (4 degrees C and 12 degrees C) on myogenic regulatory factors (MyoD and myogenin) and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression was investigated in rainbow trout (Onchrhynchus mykiss) during early development. MyoD is first switched on at stage 14 [about 5 somites are formed (1/2 epiboly)] while myogenin mRNA is expressed at stage 15 [around 15 somites are visible (2/3 epiboly)] at both temperatures. Subsequently (up to at least stage 20), the most caudal somites exhibit less myogenin mRNA at 4 degrees C compared to 12 degrees C. At the eyed stage (stage 23-24), both myogenin mRNA and protein are present in greater amounts throughout all myotomes at the lower temperature, with mRNA levels in warmer (12 degrees C) embryos at 83% for MyoD and 72% for myogenin of the levels seen in 4 degrees C embryos. Conversely, however, at this same stage, fast-MyHC mRNA and protein are more abundant in 12 degrees C than in 4 degrees C embryos. This indicates relatively advanced muscle differentiation at the warmer temperature. At hatching, myogenin-positive cells are concentrated within the myosepta at both temperatures and they are also sparsely distributed in the myotome at 4 degrees C, but not at 12 degrees C. MyoD, myogenin, and MyHC levels provide an indication of differentiation of muscle cells. These findings suggest that myogenic regulatory factor expression is delayed but prolonged by the lowering of temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Q Xie
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Rowlerson A, Veggetti A. Cellular Mechanisms of Post-Embryonic Muscle Growth in Aquaculture Species. FISH PHYSIOLOGY 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1546-5098(01)18006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
25
|
Devincenti CV, Díaz AO, Goldemberg AL. Lateral musculature in the whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri): its characterization with respect to different gonadal conditions. Anat Histol Embryol 2000; 29:65-72. [PMID: 10932382 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0264.2000.00225.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Histochemical and ultrastructural studies were performed on the lateral musculature from individual female whitemouth croaker, Micropogonias furnieri, at the anterior, medium and posterior regions. Based upon histochemical myosin-ATPase (m-ATPase) determination, diverse types of red, pink and white fibres were discerned. Red muscle had abundant mitochondria and stained intensely for aerobic enzymes, white muscle scarcely stained for the same enzymes and pink muscle responded in an intermediate manner. Both white and pink muscle had few mitochondria. The relative proportion of red muscle increased towards the caudal region; pink muscle diminished towards this region and white muscle modified its proportion only in the anterior region. m-ATPase activity showed differences in relation to the gonadal condition along the body, particularly in the white fibres at the anterior and medium regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C V Devincenti
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
López-Albors O, Gil F, Ramírez-Zarzosa G, Vázquez JM, Latorre R, García-Alcázar A, Arencibia A, Moreno F. Muscle development in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.): further histochemical and ultrastructural aspects. Anat Histol Embryol 1998; 27:223-9. [PMID: 9741144 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.1998.tb00185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The histochemical profiles--mATPase and NADH-TR reactions--of the red and white muscle fibres of gilthead sea bream and sea bass were determined from the first week after hatching. Modifications of the mATPase technique by combinations of pH/time/molarity were carried out in order to compare the sensitivity of the myosin ATPase of each muscle fibre type of the lateral muscle. Results showed that the staining of muscle fibres was independent of small modifications in the technique. The intermediate 'pink' muscle was histochemically defined towards the end of the larval life and is considered to be implicated in the growth of the myotome. A layer of external cells was observed, by electron microscopical examination, between the connective tissue of the skin and the superficial red muscle fibres of larvae and postlarvae. It is suggested that the external cells are unlikely to be a source of red muscle fibres and implicated on the growth of the myotome, but rather a part of the dermatome. The timing, areas and mechanisms of hyperplastic growth of the myotome were defined and discussed.
Collapse
|
27
|
Ramírez-Zarzosa G, Gil F, Vázquez JM, Arencibia A, Latorre R, López-Albors O, Ortega A, Moreno F. The post-larval development of lateral musculature in gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata (L.) and sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (L.). Anat Histol Embryol 1998; 27:21-9. [PMID: 9505442 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.1998.tb00151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibre-type differentiation of lateral musculature has been studied in gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata (L.) and sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) during post-larval development using ultrastructural, histochemical and morphometric techniques. The study showed three muscle layers: red, intermediate (or pink) and white. Initially, most of the red muscle showed low myosin ATPase (m-ATPase) activity fibres, whereas near the transverse septum some small high m-ATPase activity fibres appeared and later acquired a rosette aspect. Afterwards, during adult growth the red muscle showed a histochemical mosaic appearance. The pink muscle in sea bass was observed at the beginning of juvenile development by the oxidative technique (NADH-RT reaction) whereas in gilthead sea bream it was also observed at the end of larval development. The pink layer consists of high m-ATPase activity fibres. However, along the muscle development other low and moderate m-ATPase activity fibres were observed close to the red and white muscles, respectively. The white muscle of juvenile fish showed a histochemical mosaic appearance near the pink muscle. In adult specimens the mosaic white muscle spread out occupying the whole of the myotome. Morphometric analysis shows a significant increase in mean fibre diameter during post-larval development, as shown by the Student's t-test (hypertrophic growth). Skewness and kurtosis values of fibre diameters point to the generation of a new fibres from the myosatellite cells (hyperplastic growth).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Ramírez-Zarzosa
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, España
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gauvry L, Fauconneau B. Cloning of a trout fast skeletal myosin heavy chain expressed both in embryo and adult muscles and in myotubes neoformed in vitro. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1996; 115:183-90. [PMID: 8938999 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(96)00074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In fish, little is known about the isoforms of myosin heavy chain in developing muscle. Two cDNA libraries from whole skeletal muscle of embryo (eyed stage) (A) and from white muscle of 300 g body weight immature trout (B) were constructed. Three cDNA clones were isolated and characterised as encoding for a fast skeletal myosin heavy chain. Two cDNA clones A1 (1534 bp) and B6 (2203 bp) which were extracted from the two different libraries had the same nucleotide sequence including the 3' untranslated region. The third cDNA B8 (1606 bp) shared 98% identity with the others. The latter could possibly be an allelic isoform of the B6. Northern blot analysis revealed that the fast skeletal MyoHC transcripts were expressed throughout development from myotube appearance to the white muscle present at older stages (adult). These results suggest that this myosin heavy chain is present throughout muscle development in fish and are consistent with the hyperplastic growth of fish muscle. The amino acid sequence of the trout myosin heavy chain diverged from its mammalian and avain counterpart with respect to a higher level of glycine which could be related to an environmental adaptation by increasing thermal instability of the molecule.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- In Vitro Techniques
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muscle Development
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/embryology
- Muscle, Skeletal/growth & development
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Myosin Heavy Chains/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Species Specificity
- Trout/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Gauvry
- INRA, Fish Physiology, Rennes, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rowlerson A, Mascarello F, Radaelli G, Veggetti A. Differentiation and growth of muscle in the fish Sparus aurata (L): II. Hyperplastic and hypertrophic growth of lateral muscle from hatching to adult. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 1995; 16:223-36. [PMID: 7559995 DOI: 10.1007/bf00121131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Post-hatching growth of lateral muscle in a teleost fish, Sparus aurata (L) was studied morphometrically to identify and quantify muscle fibre hyperplasia and hypertrophy, and by in vivo nuclear labelling with 5-bromo-deoxyuridine to identify areas of myoblast proliferation. Muscle fibre types were identified principally by myosin ATPase histochemistry and immunostaining, and labelled nuclei were identified at light and electronmicroscope level by immunostaining with a specific monoclonal antibody. Hyperplastic growth was slow at hatching, but then increased to a maximum at the mid-point of larval life. Larval hyperplastic growth occurred by apposition of new fibres along proliferation zones, principally just under the lateral line and in the apical regions of the myotome, but also just under the superficial monolayer at intermediate positions. The first of these zones gave rise to slow and pink muscle fibres, in a process which continued through into postlarval life. The other zones added new fibres to the fast-white muscle layer in a process which was exhausted by the end of larval life. Post-larvally, between 60 and 90 days posthatching, a new hyperplastic process started in the fast-white muscle as nuclei proliferated and new muscle fibres were formed throughout the whole layer. This process resulted in a several-fold increase in the number of fast-white fibres over a few weeks, and then waned to very low levels in juveniles. Hyperplasia by apposition continued for some time postlarvally on the deep surface of the superficial monolayer, but at this stage gave rise to slow fibres only. Hypertrophic growth occurred at all ages, but was the dominant mechanism of muscle growth only in the juvenile and adult stages. Mechanisms giving rise to these different growth processes in fish muscle are discussed, and compared with muscle development in higher vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Rowlerson
- Department of Physiology, UMDS, St. Thomas's Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|