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Pessoa E, Sader M, Pedrosa-Harand A, Alves M. A natural hybrid, an autopolyploid, or a new species? An integrative case study of a distinctive Costus species (Costaceae) from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. SYST BIODIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2020.1729890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edlley Pessoa
- Laboratório de Estudos Integrados de Plantas, Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Mariela Sader
- Laboratory of Plant Cytogenetics and Evolution, Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Andrea Pedrosa-Harand
- Laboratory of Plant Cytogenetics and Evolution, Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Marccus Alves
- Laboratório de Morfo-Taxonomia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
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Báez M, Vaio M, Dreissig S, Schubert V, Houben A, Pedrosa-Harand A. Together But Different: The Subgenomes of the Bimodal Eleutherine Karyotypes Are Differentially Organized. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1170. [PMID: 31649686 PMCID: PMC6791338 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bimodal karyotypes are characterized by the presence of two sets of chromosomes of contrasting size. Eleutherine bulbosa (2n = 12) presents a bimodal karyotype with a large chromosome pair, which has a pericentric inversion in permanent heterozygosity with suppressed recombination, and five pairs of three to four times smaller chromosomes. Aiming to understand whether high copy number sequence composition differs between both chromosome sets, we investigated the repetitive DNA fraction of E. bulbosa and compared it to the chromosomal organization of the related Eleutherine latifolia species, not containing the pericentric inversion. We also compared the repetitive sequence proportions between the heteromorphic large chromosomes of E. bulbosa and between E. bulbosa and E. latifolia to understand the influence of the chromosome inversion on the dynamics of repetitive sequences. The most abundant repetitive families of the genome showed a similar chromosomal distribution in both homologs of the large pair and in both species, apparently not influenced by the species-specific inversions. The repeat families Ebusat1 and Ebusat4 are localized interstitially only on the large chromosome pair, while Ebusat2 is located in the centromeric region of all chromosomes. The four most abundant retrotransposon lineages are accumulated in the large chromosome pair. Replication timing and distribution of epigenetic and transcriptional marks differ between large and small chromosomes. The differential distribution of retroelements appears to be related to the bimodal condition and is not influenced by the nonrecombining chromosome inversions in these species. Thus, the large and small chromosome subgenomes of the bimodal Eleutherine karyotype are differentially organized and probably evolved by repetitive sequences accumulation on the large chromosome set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Báez
- Laboratory of Plant Cytogenetics and Evolution, Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Magdalena Vaio
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Plant Biology, College of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Steven Dreissig
- Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Veit Schubert
- Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Andreas Houben
- Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Andrea Pedrosa-Harand
- Laboratory of Plant Cytogenetics and Evolution, Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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de Alencar JLM, Kaltchuk-Santos E, Fachinetto J, Tacuatiá LO, Forni-Martins ER, Stiehl-Alves EM, de Souza-Chies TT. Genetic and ecological niche modeling of Calydorea crocoides (Iridaceae): an endemic species of Subtropical Highland Grasslands. Genet Mol Biol 2018; 41:327-340. [PMID: 29668016 PMCID: PMC5913728 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary analyses have been widely used for evaluation of genetic diversity of natural populations and correlate these data to the fitness of the species, especially in the case of threatened species. Calydorea crocoides occurs in a restricted area at altitudes from 800 to 1500 m in southern Brazil and is considered endangered. A study assessing genetic diversity, cytogenetic features and ecological niche was performed aiming to characterize C. crocoides by multidisciplinary approaches. Molecular data highlighted that most of the total variation (76%; p < 0.001) was found within populations and the parameters of genetic diversity were high at the species level (PPB = 98.97%; I = 0.4319; h = 0.2821). Gene flow (Nm) was estimated in 0.97 individuals per generation. Cytogenetically, C. crocoides presents a bimodal karyotype and low asymmetry. DAPI banding pattern was uniform, but the CMA-signal evidenced a pericentric inversion in the population ESC688. The species presents high pollen viability and two different morphologies of pollen grains. Our data showed high levels of polymorphism maintained in this species that could ensure conservationist practices in which the main goal is to preserve the evolutionary potential of the species through the maintenance of genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eliane Kaltchuk-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Fachinetto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luana Olinda Tacuatiá
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Eudes Maria Stiehl-Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Teixeira de Souza-Chies
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Pinto MMPDL, Calixto MDS, de Souza MJ, de Araújo APT, Langguth A, Santos N. Cytotaxonomy of the subgenus Artibeus (Phyllostomidae, Chiroptera) by characterization of species-specific markers. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2012; 6:17-28. [PMID: 24260649 PMCID: PMC3833769 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v6i1.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The genus Artibeus represents a highly diverse group of bats from the Neotropical region, with four large species occurring in Brazil. In this paper, a comparative cytogenetic study was carried out on the species Artibeus obscurus Schinz, 1821, Artibeus fimbriatus Gray, 1838, Artibeus lituratus Olfers, 1818 and Artibeus planirostris Spix, 1823 that live sympatrically in the northeast of Brazil, through C-banding, silver staining and DNA-specific fluorochromes (CMA3 and DAPI). All the species had karyotypes with 2n=30,XX and 2n=31,XY1Y2, and FN=56. C-banding showed constitutive heterochromatin (CH) blocks in the pericentromeric regions of all the chromosomes and small CH blocks at the terminal region of pairs 5, 6, and 7 for all species. Notably, our C-banding data revealed species-specific autosomic CH blocks for each taxon, as well as different heterochromatic constitution of Y2 chromosomes of Artibeus planirostris. Ag-NORs were observed in the short arms of chromosomes 5, 6 and 7 in all species. The sequential staining AgNO3/CMA3/DA/DAPI indicated a positive association of CH with Ag-NORs and positive CMA3 signals, thus reflecting GC-richness in these regions in Artibeus obscurus and Artibeus fimbriatus. In this work it was possible to identify interespecific divergences in the Brazilian large Artibeus species using C-banding it was possible provided a suitable tool in the cytotaxonomic differentiation of this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Merilane da Silva Calixto
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Genética e Citogenética Animal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Maria José de Souza
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Genética e Citogenética Animal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | | | - Alfredo Langguth
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - Neide Santos
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Genética e Citogenética Animal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
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Alves LIF, Lima SAA, Felix LP. Chromosome characterization and variability in some Iridaceae from Northeastern Brazil. Genet Mol Biol 2011; 34:259-67. [PMID: 21734827 PMCID: PMC3115320 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572011000200016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromosomes of 15 species of Iridaceae of the genera Alophia, Cipura, Eleutherine, Neomarica and Trimezia (subfamily Iridoideae) were examined after conventional Giemsa staining. The karyotypes of Alophia drummondii (2n = 14+1B, 28, 42 and 56), Cipura paludosa (2n = 14), C. xanthomelas (2n = 28) and Eleutherine bulbosa (2n = 12) were asymmetric; Neomarica candida, N. caerulea, N. humilis, N. glauca, N. gracilis, N. northiana and Neomarica sp. (2n = 18); N. cf. paradoxa (2n = 28), Trimezia fosteriana (2n = 52), T. martinicensis (2n = 54) and T. connata (2n = 82) were all generally symmetric. New diploid numbers of 2n = 56 for Alophia drummondii, 2n = 18 for N. candida, N. humilis, N. glauca, and N. gracilis, 2n = 28 for N. cf. paradoxa, and 2n = 82 for T. connata are reported. The karyotypic evolution of the studied species is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lânia Isis F Alves
- Laboratório de Citogenética Vegetal, Setor de Botânica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, PB, Brazil
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do Rêgo Barros HMD, de Sotero-Caio CG, Santos N, de Souza MJ. Comparative cytogenetic analysis between Lonchorhina aurita and Trachops cirrhosus (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae). Genet Mol Biol 2009; 32:748-52. [PMID: 21637449 PMCID: PMC3036889 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572009005000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyllostomidae comprises the most diverse family of neotropical bats, its wide range of morphological features leading to uncertainty regarding phylogenetic relationships. Seeing that cytogenetics is one of the fields capable of providing support for currently adopted classifications through the use of several markers, a comparative analysis between two Phyllostomidae species was undertaken in the present study, with a view to supplying datasets for the further establishment of Phyllostomidae evolutionary relationships. Karyotypes of Lonchorhina aurita (2n = 32; FN = 60) and Trachops cirrhosus (2n = 30; FN = 56) were analyzed by G- and C-banding, silver nitrate staining (Ag-NOR) and base-specific fluorochromes. Chromosomal data obtained for both species are in agreement with those previously described, except for X chromosome morphology in T. cirrhosus, hence indicating chromosomal geographical variation in this species. A comparison of G-banding permitted the identification of homeologies in nearly all the chromosomes. Furthermore, C-banding and Ag-NOR patterns were comparable to what has already been observed in the family. In both species CMA(3) /DA/DAPI staining revealed an R-banding-like pattern with CMA (3) , whereas DAPI showed uniform staining in all the chromosomes. Fluorochrome staining patterns for pericentromeric constitutive heterochromatin (CH) regions, as well as for nucleolar organizing regions (NORs), indicated heterogeneity regarding these sequences among Phyllostomidae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Maria Duarte do Rêgo Barros
- Laboratório de Genética e Citogenética Animal, Departamento de Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE Brazil
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Leite-Silva C, Santos N, Fagundes V, Yonenaga-Yassuda Y, de Souza MJ. Karyotypic characterization of the bat species Molossus ater, M. molossus and Molossops planirostris (Chiroptera, Molossidae) using FISH and banding techniques. Hereditas 2004; 138:94-100. [PMID: 12921160 DOI: 10.1034/j.1601-5223.2003.01693.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The karyotypes of the bat species Molossus ater, M. molossus (2n = 48; NF = 64) and Molossops planirostris (2n = 34; NF = 60) were analyzed by G-, C-banding, silver nitrate staining (AgNO3), base-specific fluorochromes and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The two species of Molossus presented the constitutive heterochromatin (CH) in the pericentromeric regions of all autosomes and in the X chromosome, while the Y chromosome was completely heterochromatic. Molossops planirostris showed conspicuous CH blocks in the pericentromeric regions of the pairs 4, 5, 8, 15, 16 and in the short arm of the X chromosome, while the Y did not present any CH block. Pretreated slides for C-banding stained with DAPI (CB-DAPI) revealed a similar pattern of C-banding (CBG) for these species. Sequential staining (AgNO3/CMA3/DAPI) in M. planirostris showed that the nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) are weakly CMA3 positive and DAPI negative. In the three species, triple staining with CMA3/DA/DAPI revealed R-banding with CMA3 and uniform staining with DAPI. The ribosomal cistrons detected by FISH were present only in the pair 5 in both species of Molossus, and in two pairs of medium sized chromosomes (pairs 9 and 10) of Molossops planirostris. The results obtained by FISH, compared with those by AgNO3 staining, indicated that all NORs in these species are transcriptionally active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleide Leite-Silva
- Departamento de Genética/CCB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Santos N, Fagundes V, Yonenaga-Yassuda Y, De Souza MJ. Comparative karyology of Brazilian vampire bats Desmodus rotundus and Diphylla ecaudata (Phyllostomidae, Chiroptera): banding patterns, base-specific fluorochromes and FISH of ribosomal genes. Hereditas 2002; 134:189-94. [PMID: 11833280 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2001.00189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper provides new data on chromosomes of Brazilian vampire bats Desmodus rotundus and Diphylla ecaudata. These species were analyzed by GTG, CBG- and CB-DAPI banding, AgNO3/CMA3 sequential staining, base-specific fluorochrome dyes and in situ hybridization with 18S rDNA probe. C-banding (CBG) revealed constitutive heterochromatin in the pericentromeric regions in all autosomes and the X and Y chromosomes appeared entirely heterochromatic in both species. CB-DAPI revealed a coincident banding pattern to that obtained by CBG. Triple staining CMA3/DA/DAPI revealed an R-banding and a weak G-banding pattern in the karyotypes. Sequential AgNO3/CMA3 staining showed a NOR located interstitially on the long arm of pair 8 in D. rotundus and on the short arm of pair 13 in D. ecaudata. FISH with a rDNA probe confirmed the location and number of NORs; a difference neither in intensity nor in size of hybridization signal was detected between homologues for both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Santos
- Departamento de Genética/CCB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50732-970, Brazil.
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Garrido MA, Jamilena M, Lozano R, Ruiz Rejon C, Ruiz Rejon M, Parker JS. rDNA site number polymorphism and NOR inactivation in natural populations of Allium schoenoprasum. Genetica 1994; 94:67-71. [PMID: 7729698 DOI: 10.1007/bf01429221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nucleolar-organiser activity has been studied by silver staining and by in situ hybridization with an rDNA probe in two populations of Allium schoenoprasum. One population is monomorphic with NORs and rDNA sites terminal on the short arm of pair 8 in all individuals. The other populations is monomorphic for pair 8 NORs but is also polymorphic for NORs on the long arm of pair 7. All plants in this population carry ribosomal cistrons on both chromosomes of pair 7 but 0, 1 or 2 of these sites can be active in rRNA synthesis. Cis-acting nucleolar-suppression affects the pair 7 locus. We suggest that there has been progressive reduction in the number of NORs during the evolution of A. schoenoprasum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Garrido
- Departamento de Genetica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Spain
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