1
|
Wlodarski MW, Schade AE, Maciejewski JP. T-large granular lymphocyte leukemia: current molecular concepts. Hematology 2013; 11:245-56. [PMID: 17178663 DOI: 10.1080/10245330600774793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T-large granular lymphocyte (T-LGL) leukemia is a chronic and often indolent T cell lymphoproliferation characterized by extreme expansion of a semi-autonomous cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clone. Clinically, T-LGL can be associated with various cytopenias; neutropenia constitutes the most frequent manifestation. LGL clone represents a pathologic counterpart of the cytotoxic effector T cell but an abnormal memory CD8 cell seems to provide the supply of the matured LGL population. Analysis of clonal T cell receptor (TCR) rearrangement and complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) of the TCR beta-chain is a useful tool to investigate clonal expansions, track the frequency of expanded clones and also clinically useful to monitor the response to therapy. The lessons learned from molecular analysis of clonal repertoire support a clinically-derived conclusion that the LGL clone arises in the context of an initially polyclonal immune response or an autoimmune process. Consequently, specific manifestations of T-LGL may be a result of the recognition spectrum of the transformed clone and the cytokines it produces. Due to the often monoclonal manifestation, T-LGL constitutes a suitable model to investigate polyclonal CTL-mediated processes. Application of new technologies, including TCR repertoire analysis by sequencing, clonotypic quantitative PCR and VB flow cytometry facilitate clinical diagnosis and may allow insights into the regulation of TCR repertoire and consequences resulting from the contraction of clonal diversity.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Autoimmune Diseases/epidemiology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Viral
- Clone Cells/pathology
- Comorbidity
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Herpesviridae Infections/complications
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Leukemia, T-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, T-Cell/epidemiology
- Leukemia, T-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, T-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, T-Cell/physiopathology
- Leukemia, T-Cell/virology
- Leukocyte Count
- Leukocytosis/diagnosis
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/epidemiology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Retroviridae Infections/complications
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/pathology
- Tumor Virus Infections/epidemiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin W Wlodarski
- Experimental Hematology and Hematopoiesis Section, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brennan RM, Petersen J, Neller MA, Miles JJ, Burrows JM, Smith C, McCluskey J, Khanna R, Rossjohn J, Burrows SR. The Impact of a Large and Frequent Deletion in the Human TCR β Locus on Antiviral Immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:2742-8. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
3
|
Brzezinski JL, Deka R, Menon AG, Glass DN, Choi E. Variability in TRBV haplotype frequency and composition in Caucasian, African American, Western African and Chinese populations. Int J Immunogenet 2006; 32:413-20. [PMID: 16313308 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2005.00550.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The polymorphic T-cell receptor Vbeta (TRBV) genes encode much of the variable region of the T-cell receptor beta chain. Analysis of allele frequencies of three closely linked polymorphic TRBV genes, TRBV7-3, TRBV9 and TRBV6-4, was undertaken in several populations. The frequencies of these alleles are not significantly different in populations of Caucasians, African Americans and Western Africans. However, Chinese population is extremely homogenous at all three loci. The current study identifies the existence of haplotypic relationships between alleles of these genes in the Caucasian population. The ORF allele TRBV7-3*A3 is found exclusively on chromosomes bearing TRBV9*A2 and TRBV6-4*A2 in this cohort. In contrast, TRBV7-3*A1 and the null allele TRBV7-3*A2 are associated only with TRBV9*A1 and TRBV6-4*A1. This pattern of linkage disequilibrium (LD) is altered in the African American and Western African populations. In these cohorts, there is a marked reduction in LD between alleles of TRBV7-3 and TRBV9. This study is consistent with previous population genetic studies wherein African-derived samples have a greater level of genetic diversity compared to Caucasians. These data also demonstrate that patterns of LD are not consistent across the entire TRBV locus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Brzezinski
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peres A, Hünemeier T, Da Cruz IM, Nardi NB, Chies JAB. T-cell receptor BV gene segment polymorphisms in healthy elderly individuals from the south of Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 31:77-81. [PMID: 15086347 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2370.2004.00448.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ageing of the immune system (immunosenescence) is believed to be involved in both morbidity and mortality in elderly humans due to a higher incidence of infections, autoimmune diseases, cancers and other pathological situations. As any specific immune response involves recognition of antigens by T cells, the ability to develop a given immune response is also dependent on the T-cell repertoire available at a given time point. Different T-cell receptor beta variable segment (BV) (TCRBV) gene segment alleles have been associated with diseases in various human populations. In the present work we analysed the allelic frequencies of four biallelic polymorphisms in TCRBV gene segments (TCRBV3S1, TCRBV13S5, TCRBV13S6 and TCRBV18) in healthy elderly human subjects (80 years old or more) from the south of Brazil, where life expectancies reach similar levels to those observed in developed countries. Except for allele 2 of the TCRBV13S6 polymorphism, which was more frequent in elderly than in young individuals (P = 0.0105), there were no differences in allele or genotype frequencies between young and elderly individuals. The data suggest that there is no direct correlation between the TCRBV3S1, TCRBV13S5 and TCRBV18 polymorphisms analysed and healthy senescence in this particular group of elderly individuals. The higher frequency of TCRBV13S6 allele 2 in healthy elderly individuals should be confirmed in other samples to establish the significance of this finding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Peres
- Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Center of Cardiology, Pontifíca Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Subrahmanyan L, Eberle MA, Clark AG, Kruglyak L, Nickerson DA. Sequence variation and linkage disequilibrium in the human T-cell receptor beta (TCRB) locus. Am J Hum Genet 2001; 69:381-95. [PMID: 11438886 PMCID: PMC1235310 DOI: 10.1086/321297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2001] [Accepted: 05/31/2001] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The T-cell receptor (TCR) plays a central role in the immune system, and > 90% of human T cells present a receptor that consists of the alpha TCR subunit (TCRA) and the beta subunit (TCRB). Here we report an analysis of 63 variable genes (BV), spanning 553 kb of TCRB that yielded 279 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Samples were drawn from 10 individuals and represent four populations-African American, Chinese, Mexican, and Northern European. We found nine variants that produce nonfunctional BV segments, removing those genes from the TCRB genomic repertoire. There was significant heterogeneity among population samples in SNP frequency (including the BV-inactivating sites), indicating the need for multiple-population samples for adequate variant discovery. In addition, we observed considerable linkage disequilibrium (LD) (r(2) > 0.1) over distances of approximately 30 kb in TCRB, and, in general, the distribution of r(2) as a function of physical distance was in close agreement with neutral coalescent simulations. LD in TCRB showed considerable spatial variation across the locus, being concentrated in "blocks" of LD; however, coalescent simulations of the locus illustrated that the heterogeneity of LD we observed in TCRB did not differ markedly from that expected from neutral processes. Finally, examination of the extended genotypes for each subject demonstrated homozygous stretches of >100 kb in the locus of several individuals. These results provide the basis for optimization of locuswide SNP typing in TCRB for studies of genotype-phenotype association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshman Subrahmanyan
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Washington, and Division of Human Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle; Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Michael A. Eberle
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Washington, and Division of Human Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle; Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Andrew G. Clark
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Washington, and Division of Human Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle; Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Leonid Kruglyak
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Washington, and Division of Human Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle; Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Deborah A. Nickerson
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Washington, and Division of Human Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle; Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Naud JF, Gibson DM. A new coding region polymorphism of human IgLC2. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOGENETICS : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH SOCIETY FOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY AND IMMUNOGENETICS 2001; 28:97-9. [PMID: 11251692 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2370.2001.00239.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A new allelic form of the human IgLC2 gene is described. The marker involves a T to C substitution in the C lambda 2 constant region gene, a silent substitution at amino acid coding position 178 (YAASSYLSL) and two substitutions in the 3'-flanking region. Analysis of IgLC2 alleles in a total of 60 individuals has indicated a frequency of 0.32 for the new allele, which has been designated IgLC2*B2. The *B1 and *B2 alleles encode T and C, respectively, at nucleotide position 212 in the IgLC2 coding region. Both the *B1 and *B2 alleles are found in individuals homozygous for the single-copy RFLP allele of IgLC2/IgLC3 (8 kb EcoRI). Knowledge of alleles of this marker will be important for studies on the expression of the IgLC2 and IgLC3 isotypes in normal and autoimmune lymphocyte populations, as the coding regions of the two isotypes differ only at this position. The marker will also be useful in further studies of linkage with other IgLV and IgLC markers and to establish possible correlations with susceptibility to autoimmune disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J F Naud
- Département de Biochimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kunstmann E, Hardt C, Elitok E, Harder M, Suerbaum S, Peitz U, Schmiegel W, Epplen JT. The nonfunctional allele TCRBV6S1B is strongly associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Infect Immun 2000; 68:6493-5. [PMID: 11035766 PMCID: PMC97740 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.11.6493-6495.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine genetic susceptibility factors for Helicobacter pylori infection, polymorphic T-cell receptor gene elements were investigated in 203 H. pylori-infected individuals and 180 uninfected individuals (controls). H. pylori infection is highly associated with individuals homozygous for the nonfunctional TCRBV6S1B element (odds ratio = 5.9; chi(2) = 13; P = 0.00032; P value corrected for multiple comparisons [Bonferroni correction] = 0. 00063).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Kunstmann
- Department of Molecular Human Genetics, Ruhr-University, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bae SC, Fraser P, Liang MH. The epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus in populations of African ancestry: a critical review of the "prevalence gradient hypothesis". ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1998; 41:2091-9. [PMID: 9870865 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(199812)41:12<2091::aid-art2>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S C Bae
- Harvard Medical School, Robert B. Brigham Multipurpose Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Matsutani T, Yoshioka T, Tsuruta Y, Iwagami S, Suzuki R. Analysis of TCRAV and TCRBV repertoires in healthy individuals by microplate hybridization assay. Hum Immunol 1997; 56:57-69. [PMID: 9455494 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(97)00102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an adaptor ligation PCR-based microplate hybridization assay (MHA) for analysis of T cell receptor alpha chain variable region (TCRAV) and T cell receptor beta chain variable region (TCRBV) repertoires. Forty three TCRAV and thirty eight TCRBV-specific probes were immobilized onto microplate wells in water-soluble carbodiimide. After hybridization of 5'-biotinylated PCR products, quantitative ELISA was carried out and followed by automated colorimetric reading. The conditions for immobilization and hybridization were optimized using representative TCRBV-specific probes. The sensitivity of MHA allows us to detect as low as 40 pg of biotinylated PCR products. The frequencies of individual V segments obtained by MHA were consistent with those obtained by FACS analysis and reverse dot blot assays. Analysis of the entire TCRAV and TCRBV repertoires could be done using a single 96-well plate, and completed in less than 6 h. Simplicity and reproducibility of this method make it suitable for routine laboratory use. The expression of TCRAV and TCRBV segments was next studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 14 healthy donors using the newly developed MHA method. TCRAV8S1, TCRAV23S1, TCRBV2S1, TCRBV3S1, TCRBV4S1, and TCRBV6S5 were highly expressed in PBMC. Further, the TCRAV repertoires among individuals were less variable compared to the TCRBV repertoires. Interestingly, considerable variations in the expression levels of BV3S1, BV4S1, and BV17S1 were observed among individuals. One polymorphic site was found at the coding region of BV4S1, and there were two alleles. These results suggest that variable expression among individuals may be associated with unknown allelic polymorphism in coding and/or regulatory regions of these TCRBV segments, or with disparity in HLA genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Matsutani
- Shionogi Diagnostic Science Dept., Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mu H, Charmley P, King MC, Criswell LA. Synergy between T cell receptor beta gene polymorphism and HLA-DR4 in susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1996; 39:931-7. [PMID: 8651986 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780390609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the etiologic significance of germline polymorphisms in the T cell receptor beta variable region 6S7 (TCRBV6S7) gene segment and adjacent loci in susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Ten TCRB allelic polymorphisms were analyzed from 3 groups of white women: 112 with RA, 72 with systemic lupus erythematosus, and 70 healthy controls. All participants were also HLA typed. RESULTS HLA-DR4+ RA patients showed significantly increased frequencies of TCRBV6S7*1, 13S5P*1 (an allelic variant of BV13S5 promoter), and 12S4*2, compared with healthy controls. The combination of DR4 with either BV6S7*1, 13S5P*1, or 12S4*2 conferred greater risk for RA than HLA-DR4 alone. Pairwise analyses showed a high degree of linkage disequilibrium (P = 10(-5)-10(-8)) between these 3 TCRBV loci that span 47 kilobases (kb). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that a TCR gene segment in or linked to this 47-kb region may be involved in genetic susceptibility to RA through an interaction with HLA-DR4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Mu
- Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, University of California at San Francisco, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Boysen C, Carlson C, Hood E, Hood L, Nickerson DA. Identifylng DNA polymorphisms in humanTCRA/D variable genes by direct sequencing of PCR products. Immunogenetics 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02660060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
12
|
Clark SP, Arden B, Kabelitz D, Mak TW. Comparison of human and mouse T-cell receptor variable gene segment subfamilies. Immunogenetics 1995; 42:531-40. [PMID: 8550094 DOI: 10.1007/bf00172178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Like the immunoglobulin Igh-V and Igk-V gene families, the human or mouse TCRV gene families may be grouped into subfamilies displaying > 75% nucleic acid sequence similarity among their members. Systematic interspecies sequence comparisons reveal that most mouse Tcr-V subfamilies exhibit clear homology to human TCRV subfamilies (> 60% amino acid sequence similarity). Homologous pairs of TCRV genes in mice and humans show higher sequence similarity than TCRV genes from different subfamilies within either species, indicating transspecies evolution of TCRV genes. Mouse and human homologues show conservation of their relative map order, particularly in the 3' region and a similar sequential and developmentally programmed expression. When the V regions from both species were analyzed together, local length differences and conserved residues in the loop regions were revealed, characteristic of each of the four TCRV families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S P Clark
- Amgen Center, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|