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Hyodo R, Takehara Y, Nishida A, Matsushima M, Naganawa S. "Speckled Enhancement" on Gd-EOB-DTPA Enhanced MR Imaging of Primary Hepatic Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma. Magn Reson Med Sci 2023; 22:273-281. [PMID: 34615837 PMCID: PMC10449559 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.mp.2021-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate MRI features of primary hepatic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, particularly, the "speckled enhancement" on gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced MRI. METHODS The institutional review board approved this retrospective observational study and waived informed consent. Using our picture archiving and communication systems and electronic medical records, five patients histopathologically diagnosed as hepatic MALT lymphoma and clinically confirmed as primary lesions who had undergone dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-CT and DCE-MRI with Gd-EOB-DTPA were identified from September 2009 to December 2020. Two radiologists assessed their CT and MRI data in consensus with a pathologist's advice. RESULTS Overall, five lesions in five patients were included in this study. Precontrast CT showed hypoattenuation in all lesions. In the arterial phase of DCE-CT, four lesions (80%) showed hyperattenuation, whereas all lesions showed iso- to hypoattenuation in the delayed phase. A vessel penetration sign was also observed in all lesions. On MRI, all lesions showed hypointensity on T1-weighted images, hyperintensity on T2-weighted images, and restricted diffusion on diffusion-weighted images. Both DCE-CT and DCE-MRI with Gd-EOB-DTPA showed similar enhancement patterns, except for the hepatocyte phase. Notably, however, four out of five lesions showed characteristic "speckled enhancement" that refers to punctate positive enhancements within the low signal lesions on the hepatobiliary phase of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI pathologically confirmed to be hepatocyte clusters that remained in the tumor. CONCLUSION Primary hepatic MALT lymphomas were characterized by arterial phase enhancement, restricted diffusion, vessel penetration sign, and more specifically "speckled enhancement" in the hepatobiliary phase of DCE-MRI with Gd-EOB-DTPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hyodo
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuo Takehara
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Fundamental Development for Advanced Low Invasive Diagnostic Imaging, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ayumi Nishida
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaya Matsushima
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinji Naganawa
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Dong S, Chen L, Chen Y, Chen X. Primary hepatic extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6305. [PMID: 28353562 PMCID: PMC5380246 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Primary hepatic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is an extremely rare disease. To the best of our knowledge, only 67 cases had been reported in 39 English literatures to date. The aim of this study was to add a new case of this disease to the literature and to review the current literature. PATIENT CONCERNS A 50-year-old man was incidentally identified with a solitary mass of 5 cm in diameter in the left lobe of the liver. DIAGNOSES Based on the results of imaging studies, intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma was suspected, and then surgery was performed. Microscopic findings showed that the tumor was a hepatic MALT lymphoma, and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the lymphoma cells were CD20+, CD79a+, BCL-2+, CD3-, and CD5-. INTERVENTIONS The patient received rituximab after surgery. OUTCOMES He was free of disease for 13 months at the time of this report. LESSONS Since previously published case reports and our case described nonspecific clinical features of this rare disease, it was usually misdiagnosed before histological confirmation and surgery resection may be a good choice for both diagnosis and local therapy.
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Primary hepatic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: a case report and literature review. Surg Case Rep 2015; 1:87. [PMID: 26435907 PMCID: PMC4580714 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-015-0091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary hepatic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is an extremely rare disease. We herein describe the findings in a 74-year-old man with elevated liver enzyme levels. Dynamic computed tomography showed focal biliary dilation and atrophy in the posterior segment, while dynamic magnetic resonance images revealed a small, highly enhanced small mass located at the root of posterior branch of the biliary ducts. As the mass was not detected on abdominal ultrasonography, a biopsy could not be performed. Cholangiocellular carcinoma was suspected, and surgery was performed. However, the surgically resected hepatic tumor was a nodule of aggregated lymphocytes that formed a lymphoepithelial lesion. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the lymphoma cells were positive for CD20 and CD79a, but negative for CD3. No other lymphoid lesions were found during additional postoperative examinations. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with primary hepatic MALT lymphoma. He was also diagnosed with Helicobacter pylori infection, and thus, pylorus eradication was performed. At the time of this report, the patient was free of disease for 2 years without any additional treatment. The present case contributed to the diagnosis and management of this rare disease, as previously published case reports described varying imaging features; it also suggested that preoperative diagnosis was often difficult without biopsy.
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Disseminated Gastric MALT Lymphoma with Monoclonal Gammopathy, t(11;18)(q21;q21), and Subsequent Development of T-Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Med 2015; 2015:953297. [PMID: 26064133 PMCID: PMC4438148 DOI: 10.1155/2015/953297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is a well-characterized entity that may share clinical and morphological findings with other low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Dissemination of MALT-type lymphoma to bone marrow and peripheral blood simultaneously with the presence of T-large granular cell leukemia (T-LGL) has rarely been reported. Case Presentation. This is the case of a 42-year-old male who presented with a gastric MALT-type lymphoma, disseminated to the bone marrow and the peripheral blood with high serum IgM levels and t(11;18)(q21;q21). The morphological, immunophenotypical and, immunohistochemical studies of the successive bone marrow and peripheral blood samples had revealed the coexistence of two distinct lymphoma cell populations: a B-cell, marginal zone type population expressing CD19, CD20, CD22, CD79b, IgM, and kappa light chain, and a T-large granular cell population, developed after treatment with rituximab expressing CD3, CD8, CD5, CD7, and CD45. Conclusion. Based on the analysis of this unusual case we performed an extensive review of the literature to elucidate the relationship between T-LGL and B-cell lymphomas and to emphasize the importance of paraprotein analysis at diagnosis of gastric MALT lymphoma.
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Primary hepatic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Clin J Gastroenterol 2013; 6:150-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s12328-013-0362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Doi H, Horiike N, Hiraoka A, Koizumi Y, Yamamoto Y, Hasebe A, Ichikawa S, Yano M, Miyamoto Y, Ninomiya T, Ishimaru Y, Miyagawa M, Takamura K, Kawasaki H, Kozuka T, Maeda T, Yoshino T. Primary hepatic marginal zone B cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type: case report and review of the literature. Int J Hematol 2008; 88:418-423. [PMID: 18807227 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-008-0153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2008] [Revised: 06/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A primary hepatic marginal zone B cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is very rare. We found a solitary mass 27 mm in size in the left lobe of the liver of a 58-year-old Japanese man with a history of hepatitis-C infection. Based on the results of imaging studies, the tumor was diagnosed as a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The left lobe of the liver was lobectomized and microscopic findings showed that the tumor was a hepatic MALT lymphoma, while immunohistochemistry showed it to be positive for CD20 and CD79a. In a fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography examination integrated with computed tomography scanning (FDG-PET CT) before surgery, the tumor was revealed to have a high standardized uptake value (SUV) for FDG. The patient received chemotherapy after surgery. To the best of our knowledge, 45 cases had been reported with a mean age for all patients of 61.4 years. The pathogenesis remains unclear, although half of the patients had a past history of chronic inflammatory liver disease. Surgical resection was performed in most cases and some patients received postoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The clinicopathologic characteristics and management of this extremely rare disease are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Doi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Ehime, 790-0024, Japan.
| | - Norio Horiike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Ehime, 790-0024, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hiraoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Ehime, 790-0024, Japan
| | - Yohei Koizumi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Ehime, 790-0024, Japan
| | - Yasunori Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Ehime, 790-0024, Japan
| | - Aki Hasebe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Ehime, 790-0024, Japan
| | - Soichi Ichikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Ehime, 790-0024, Japan
| | - Makoto Yano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Ehime, 790-0024, Japan
| | - Yasunao Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Ehime, 790-0024, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ninomiya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Ehime, 790-0024, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ishimaru
- Department of Radiology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masao Miyagawa
- Department of Radiology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Takamura
- Department of Surgery, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hideki Kawasaki
- Department of Surgery, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Kozuka
- Department of Hematology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Maeda
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yoshino
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
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Batstone P, Forsyth L, Goodlad JR. Cytogenetic evidence for the origin of neoplastic cells in CD5-positive marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. Hum Pathol 2003; 34:1065-7. [PMID: 14608544 DOI: 10.1053/s0046-8177(03)00400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We describe an 87-year-old female patient presenting with a breast lump and axillary lymphadenopathy. Histological examination revealed the lump to be a CD5-positive extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZBCL) of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Subsequent staging revealed disseminated disease including the head and neck region. Only 2 cases of CD5-positive MZBCL have undergone any form of cytogenetic analysis, and we report the first standard karyotype of such a case. This revealed partial trisomy 3,7q deletion and an additional marker chromosome. Notably, cells lacked the t(11;14) found at high frequency in mantle cell lymphoma and trisomy 12 found in B small lymphocytic lymphoma (B-SLL). These results, combined with the clinical, histological, and immunophenotypic picture, suggest a marginal zone origin for the neoplastic lymphocytes, rather than a relationship with mantle cell or small lymphocytic lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Batstone
- Pathology Department, Highland Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, Scotland, UK
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Murakami J, Fukushima N, Ueno H, Saito T, Watanabe T, Tanosaki R, Kobayashi Y, Matsuno Y, Tobinai K. Primary hepatic low-grade B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type: a case report and review of the literature. Int J Hematol 2002; 75:85-90. [PMID: 11843297 DOI: 10.1007/bf02981985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Primary hepatic lymphoma, mostly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, is a rare disease. We describe an extremely rare case of low-grade B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type occurring in the liver. A 61-year-old man with a history of hepatitis A presented with early gastric cancer and a liver mass. Needle biopsy of the liver tumor suggested low-grade B-cell lymphoma by histology and polymerase chain reaction of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. The tumor (3.4 x 2.8 x 2.4 cm) was completely resected from the anterior segment of the right lobe of the liver. Atypical lymphoid cells of small to intermediate size proliferated in the tumor, and lymphoepithelial lesions were recognized. Immunohistochemically, lymphoma cells were positive for CD20 and negative for CD5, CD10, and cyclin D1. Staging procedures showed no lymphoma lesion other than the liver tumor. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with low-grade hepatic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the MALT type. The patient has been followed up for 1.5 years since surgical resection with no recurrence. The clinicopathologic characteristics and management of this rare disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Murakami
- Hematology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Primary angiosarcoma of the liver accounts for up to 2% of all primary liver tumors and is the second most common primary malignant neoplasm of the liver. Approximately 10 to 20 new cases are diagnosed every year in the United States and the prevalence varies from 0.14 to 0.25 per million. In an autopsy series from Chicago, one hepatic angiosarcoma was noted for every 30 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mani
- Department of Pathology, Indian Navy Health Service, Asvini, Colaba, Mumbai, India
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Ballesteros E, Osborne BM, Matsushima AY. CD5+ low-grade marginal zone B-cell lymphomas with localized presentation. Am J Surg Pathol 1998; 22:201-7. [PMID: 9500221 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-199802000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Marginal zone B-cell lymphomas (MZBCLs) are low-grade lymphomas that characteristically lack CD5 expression. However, rare cases of MZBCL have been described in which the lymphomatous B cells coexpress CD5 (CD5+ MZBCL). In 7 of 9 reported CD5+ MZBCLs, there was evidence of widespread disease. We report four additional cases of CD5+ MZBCL. Three cases were low-grade B-cell lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) involving the lungs, the conjunctiva (bilateral), and the uterus. The remaining case represented a monocytoid B-cell lymphoma involving a posterior cervical lymph node. Southern blot hybridization did not show rearrangements of bc11 or bc12 in the three cases analyzed. All four patients had localized disease and normal peripheral blood counts. Staging of bone marrow biopsies from three patients did not show evidence of bone marrow involvement. The remaining patient had bilateral conjunctival lesions that were present for 15 years without progression. These four additional cases of CD5+ MZBCL show that this group of low-grade B-cell lymphomas occasionally may exhibit an atypical phenotype. Furthermore, in this study, the CD5+ MZBCLs were clinically localized at presentation, in contrast to most other reported cases, which have had dissemination to bone marrow or peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ballesteros
- Department of Pathology, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Maes M, Depardieu C, Dargent JL, Hermans M, Verhaeghe JL, Delabie J, Pittaluga S, Troufléau P, Verhest A, De Wolf-Peeters C. Primary low-grade B-cell lymphoma of MALT-type occurring in the liver: a study of two cases. J Hepatol 1997; 27:922-7. [PMID: 9382982 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(97)80332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/METHODS Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the liver are rare. One specific clinico-pathological entity has been identified as hepatosplenic gamma/delta T-cell lymphoma. Recently, another distinct primary lymphoma of the liver has been recognised as primary low-grade hepatic B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), based on a study comprising four cases. We analysed two additional cases of this particular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, not only by morphology and phenotyping, but also by genotyping and cytogenetic analysis. RESULTS This type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is characterised by a dense lymphoid infiltrate, localised in the portal tracts, and is associated with lympho-epithelial lesions of the bile ducts, thereby mimicking hepatitis or an inflammatory bile duct disorder. In one of our cases, translocation t(3;14)(q27;q32) was identified as the sole cytogenetic abnormality. A high incidence of trisomy 3 has been associated with marginal zone B-cell lymphomas, and fluorescence in situ hybridisation as well as comparative genomic hybridisation studies have shown frequent involvement of the long arm of chromosome 3. Nevertheless, t(3;14)(q27;q32) involving BCL6 gene, located at 3q27, has not yet been found. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a role for the BCL6 gene in the histogenesis of this particular lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maes
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
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