1
|
Gao Z, Wu X, Yang L, Liu C, Wang X, Wang H, Dong K. Role of CD5 molecular-like on hepatocellular carcinoma. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:556-564. [PMID: 36939243 PMCID: PMC10106147 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD5L (CD5 molecular-like) plays an important role in lipid metabolism and immune regulation. This study aimed to investigate the roles of CD5L on liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC). METHODS We analyzed the CD5L mRNA expression and its potential prognostic value based on The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to investigate the CD5L levels in LIHC tissues. Serum CD5L levels in LIHC were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to investigate the effect of CD5L treatment on HepG2 and QSG-7701 cell proliferation. CD5L expression correlated genes were exhumed based on the LinkedOmics. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses for CD5L associated genes were performed. The correlation between CD5L and tumor immune infiltration was analyzed by using Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) 2.0. RESULTS CD5L mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased in LIHC tumor tissue compared with non-tumor control tissues. Moreover, serum CD5L levels were significantly lower in LIHC patients than that in healthy subjects. Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 and Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis showed that a high-CD5L expression was correlated with favorable overall survival in LIHC patients, except the LIHC patients with hepatitis virus. CCK-8 results showed that CD5L treatment significantly decreased HepG2 cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner, and CD5L treatment had no effect on the proliferation of non-tumor hepatocyte line QSG-7701. CD5L associated genes were enriched in the immune response biological process, and CD5L expression levels were positively correlated with the immune infiltrates of CD8 + T cell and M1 macrophage cells but negatively correlated with CD4 + T cells and M0 macrophage cell infiltration. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous CD5L inhibits cell proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma. CD5L may act as a role of prognostic marker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Xianan Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ju YJ, Lee SW, Kye YC, Lee GW, Kim HO, Yun CH, Cho JH. Self-reactivity controls functional diversity of naive CD8 + T cells by co-opting tonic type I interferon. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6059. [PMID: 34663827 PMCID: PMC8523551 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26351-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The strength of the T cell receptor interaction with self-ligands affects antigen-specific immune responses. However, the precise function and underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that naive CD8+ T cells with relatively high self-reactivity are phenotypically heterogeneous owing to varied responses to type I interferon, resulting in three distinct subsets, CD5loLy6C-, CD5hiLy6C-, and CD5hiLy6C+ cells. CD5hiLy6C+ cells differ from CD5loLy6C- and CD5hiLy6C- cells in terms of gene expression profiles and functional properties. Moreover, CD5hiLy6C+ cells demonstrate more extensive antigen-specific expansion upon viral infection, with enhanced differentiation into terminal effector cells and reduced memory cell generation. Such features of CD5hiLy6C+ cells are imprinted in a steady-state and type I interferon dependence is observed even for monoclonal CD8+ T cell populations. These findings demonstrate that self-reactivity controls the functional diversity of naive CD8+ T cells by co-opting tonic type I interferon signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jun Ju
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Medical Research Center for Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, 58128, Korea
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, 58128, Korea
| | - Yoon-Chul Kye
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Gil-Woo Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Medical Research Center for Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, 58128, Korea
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, 58128, Korea
| | - Hee-Ok Kim
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, 58128, Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - Jae-Ho Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Medical Research Center for Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, 58128, Korea.
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, 58128, Korea.
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, 58128, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jergović M, Coplen CP, Uhrlaub JL, Besselsen DG, Cheng S, Smithey MJ, Nikolich-Žugich J. Infection-induced type I interferons critically modulate the homeostasis and function of CD8 + naïve T cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5303. [PMID: 34489451 PMCID: PMC8421345 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25645-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Naïve T (Tn) cells require two homeostatic signals for long-term survival: tonic T cell receptor:self-peptide-MHC contact and IL-7 stimulation. However, how microbial exposure impacts Tn homeostasis is still unclear. Here we show that infections can lead to the expansion of a subpopulation of long-lived, Ly6C+ CD8+ Tn cells with accelerated effector function. Mechanistically, mono-infection with West Nile virus transiently, and polymicrobial exposure persistently, enhances Ly6C expression selectively on CD5hiCD8+ cells, which in the case of polyinfection translates into a numerical CD8+ Tn cell increase in the lymph nodes. This conversion and expansion of Ly6C+ Tn cells depends on IFN-I, which upregulates MHC class I expression and enhances tonic TCR signaling in differentiating Tn cells. Moreover, for Ly6C+CD8+ Tn cells, IFN-I-mediated signals optimize their homing to secondary sites, extend their lifespan, and enhance their effector differentiation and antibacterial function, particularly for low-affinity clones. Our results thus uncover significant regulation of Tn homeostasis and function via infection-driven IFN-I, with potential implications for immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Jergović
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Christopher P Coplen
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer L Uhrlaub
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Shu Cheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Megan J Smithey
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Vir, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Janko Nikolich-Žugich
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Velasco-de Andrés M, Casadó-Llombart S, Català C, Leyton-Pereira A, Lozano F, Aranda F. Soluble CD5 and CD6: Lymphocytic Class I Scavenger Receptors as Immunotherapeutic Agents. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122589. [PMID: 33287301 PMCID: PMC7761703 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD5 and CD6 are closely related signal-transducing class I scavenger receptors mainly expressed on lymphocytes. Both receptors are involved in the modulation of the activation and differentiation cell processes triggered by clonotypic antigen-specific receptors present on T and B cells (TCR and BCR, respectively). To serve such a relevant immunomodulatory function, the extracellular region of CD5 and CD6 interacts with soluble and/or cell-bound endogenous counterreceptors but also microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Evidence from genetically-modified mouse models indicates that the absence or blockade of CD5- and CD6-mediated signals results in dysregulated immune responses, which may be deleterious or advantageous in some pathological conditions, such as infection, cancer or autoimmunity. Bench to bedside translation from transgenic data is constrained by ethical concerns which can be overcome by exogenous administration of soluble proteins acting as decoy receptors and leading to transient “functional knockdown”. This review gathers information currently available on the therapeutic efficacy of soluble CD5 and CD6 receptor infusion in different experimental models of disease. The existing proof-of-concept warrants the interest of soluble CD5 and CD6 as safe and efficient immunotherapeutic agents in diverse and relevant pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Velasco-de Andrés
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.V.-d.A.); (S.C.-L.); (C.C.); (A.L.-P.)
| | - Sergi Casadó-Llombart
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.V.-d.A.); (S.C.-L.); (C.C.); (A.L.-P.)
| | - Cristina Català
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.V.-d.A.); (S.C.-L.); (C.C.); (A.L.-P.)
| | - Alejandra Leyton-Pereira
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.V.-d.A.); (S.C.-L.); (C.C.); (A.L.-P.)
| | - Francisco Lozano
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.V.-d.A.); (S.C.-L.); (C.C.); (A.L.-P.)
- Servei d’Immunologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Immunoregulació de la Resposta Innata i Adaptativa, Department de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación de Navarra (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (F.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fujiki F, Tsuboi A, Morimoto S, Hashimoto N, Inatome M, Nakajima H, Nakata J, Nishida S, Hasegawa K, Hosen N, Oka Y, Oji Y, Sogo S, Sugiyama H. Identification of two distinct populations of WT1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in co-vaccination of WT1 killer and helper peptides. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 70:253-263. [PMID: 32696072 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02675-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous induction of tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and helper T lymphocytes (HTLs) is required for an optimal anti-tumor immune response. WT1332, a 16-mer WT1-derived helper peptide, induce HTLs in an HLA class II-restricted manner and enhance the induction of WT1-specific CTLs in vitro. However, in vivo immune reaction to WT1332 vaccination in tumor-bearing patients remained unclear. Here, a striking difference in WT1-specific T cell responses was shown between WT1 CTL + WT1 helper peptide and WT1 CTL peptide vaccines in patients with recurrent glioma. WT1-specific CTLs were more strongly induced in the patients who were immunized with WT1 CTL + WT1 helper peptide vaccine, compared to those who were immunized with WT1 CTL vaccine alone. Importantly, a clear correlation was demonstrated between WT1-specific CTL and WT1332-specific HTL responses. Interestingly, two novel distinct populations of WT1-tetramerlow WT1-TCRlow CD5low and WT1-tetramerhigh WT1-TCRhigh CD5high CTLs were dominantly detected in WT1 CTL + WT1 helper peptide vaccine. Although natural WT1 peptide-reactive CTLs in the latter population were evidently less than those in the former population, the latter population showed natural WT1 peptide-specific proliferation capacity comparable to the former population, suggesting that the latter population highly expressing CD5, a marker of resistance to activation-induced cell death, should strongly expand and persist for a long time in patients. These results demonstrated the advantage of WT1 helper peptide vaccine for the enhancement of WT1-specific CTL induction by WT1 CTL peptide vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Fujiki
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Tsuboi
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Soyoko Morimoto
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoya Hashimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miki Inatome
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakajima
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun Nakata
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sumiyuki Nishida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kana Hasegawa
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Oka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Oji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Sogo
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Immunology Research Unit, Department of Medical Innovations, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Haruo Sugiyama
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tao L, Wang Y, Xu J, Su J, Yang Q, Deng W, Zou B, Tan Y, Ding Z, Li X. IL-10-producing regulatory B cells exhibit functional defects and play a protective role in severe endotoxic shock. Pharmacol Res 2019; 148:104457. [PMID: 31536782 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated host immune homeostasis in sepsis is life-threatening even after a successfully treated bacterial infection. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin that is a major contributor to the aberrant immune responses and endotoxic shock in gram-negative bacterial sepsis. However, the current knowledge of the role of B cells in endotoxic shock is limited. Here, we report that CD1d expression in B cells and the percentage of CD5+CD1dhi regulatory B (Breg) cells decreased in a mouse model of endotoxic shock. Interestingly, IL-10 but not FasL expression in CD5+CD1dhi Breg cells in response to endotoxin was dramatically reduced in severe septic shock mice, and the regulatory function of CD5+CD1dhi Breg cells in vitro to control the Th1 response was also diminished. Adoptive transfer of CD5+CD1dhi Breg cells from healthy WT mice but not IL-10 deficient mice downregulated the IFN-γ secretion in CD4+ T cells and conferred protection against severe endotoxic shock in vivo. Our findings demonstrate the change and notable therapeutic potential of IL-10-producing Breg cells in endotoxic shock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tao
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Clinical Genome Center, KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyuan Wang
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jialan Xu
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jianbing Su
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wende Deng
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Binhua Zou
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yanhui Tan
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zongbao Ding
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu Y, Liu Q, Zhong M, Wang Z, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Xing H, Tian Z, Tang K, Liao X, Rao Q, Wang M, Wang J. 2B4 costimulatory domain enhancing cytotoxic ability of anti-CD5 chimeric antigen receptor engineered natural killer cells against T cell malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2019. [PMID: 31097020 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0732-7/figures/5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor engineered T cells (CAR-T) have demonstrated extraordinary efficacy in B cell malignancy therapy and have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for diffuse large B cell lymphoma and acute B lymphocytic leukemia treatment. However, treatment of T cell malignancies using CAR-T cells remains limited due to the shared antigens between malignant T cells and normal T cells. CD5 is considered one of the important characteristic markers of malignant T cells and is expressed on almost all normal T cells but not on NK-92 cells. Recently, NK-92 cells have been utilized as CAR-modified immune cells. However, in preclinical models, CAR-T cells seem to be superior to CAR-NK-92 cells. Therefore, we speculate that in addition to the short lifespan of NK-92 cells in mice, the costimulatory domain used in CAR constructs might not be suitable for CAR-NK-92 cell engineering. METHODS Two second-generation anti-CD5 CAR plasmids with different costimulatory domains were constructed, one using the T-cell-associated activating receptor-4-1BB (BB.z) and the other using a NK-cell-associated activating receptor-2B4 (2B4.z). Subsequently, BB.z-NK and 2B4.z-NK were generated. Specific cytotoxicity against CD5+ malignant cell lines, primary CD5+ malignant cells, and normal T cells was evaluated in vitro. Moreover, a CD5+ T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) mouse model was established and used to assess the efficacy of CD5-CAR NK immunotherapy in vivo. RESULTS Both BB.z-NK and 2B4.z-NK exhibited specific cytotoxicity against CD5+ malignant cells in vitro and prolonged the survival of T-ALL xenograft mice. Encouragingly, 2B4.z-NK cells displayed greater anti-CD5+ malignancy capacity than that of BB.z-NK, accompanied by a greater direct lytic side effect versus BB.z-NK. CONCLUSIONS Anti-CD5 CAR-NK cells, particularly those constructed with the intracellular domain of NK-cell-associated activating receptor 2B4, may be a promising strategy for T cell malignancy treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Mengjun Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zhaoqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Haiyan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Kejing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiaolong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Qing Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wanko B, Tardelli M, Jürets A, Neuhofer A, Prager G, Morser J, Leung LL, Staffler G, Zeyda M, Stulnig TM. Antibody-mediated targeting of cleavage-specific OPN-T cell interactions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214938. [PMID: 30951532 PMCID: PMC6450625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are crucial players in obesity-mediated adipose tissue inflammation. We hypothesized that osteopontin (OPN), an inflammatory protein with enhanced activity when proteolytically cleaved, affects the number of viable T cells in adipose tissue and assessed inhibition of the interaction between T cells and thrombin and matrix metalloproteinases-cleaved OPN using antibodies and postimmune sera. Gene expression of T cell markers in adipose tissue from wild-type (wt) and Spp1-/- (OPN deficient) mice was analyzed after 16 weeks of high fat diet (HFD) or low fat diet (LFD) feeding. CD3, CD8 and OPN gene expression in omental adipose tissue from individuals with obesity was measured. OPN-T cell interactions were assessed with a fluorescence-based adhesion assay and blocked with antibodies targeting OPN. Comparison of T cell gene expression in adipose tissue from wt and Spp1-/- mice showed that OPN affected the number of T cells while in humans, levels of OPN correlated with T cell markers in omental adipose tissue. The interaction between T cells and cleaved OPN was blocked by postimmune sera following OPN peptide vaccinations and with monoclonal antibodies. In conclusion, levels of OPN affected the number of T cells in obesity and antibodies against cleaved OPN antagonize OPN-T cell interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Wanko
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Matteo Tardelli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Jürets
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Neuhofer
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Prager
- Department of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - John Morser
- Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Lawrence L. Leung
- Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | | | - Maximilian Zeyda
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas M. Stulnig
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Halepoto DM, Alhowikan AM, Ayadhi LA. Cluster of Differentiation 5 (CD5) Levels in the Plasma of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2017; 27:149-152. [PMID: 28406773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the cluster of differentiation 5 (CD5) plasma levels and their association with childhood autism rating scale (CARS) in subjects with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to age and gender matched healthy controls, and to explore the link between CD5, severity, and autoimmunity in autism. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Autism Research and Treatment Center, Al-Amodi Autism Research Chair, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from October 2014 to May 2015. METHODOLOGY CD5 levels were determined in the plasma of thirty-one (31) patients using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), categorized as mild-moderate and severe as indicated by their Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) score and compared to thirty-three (33) age and gender-matched control samples. RESULTS The preliminary data indicated that children with severe autism (n=12), exhibited significantly (p=0.02) higher plasma level of CD5 [0.55 (0.14-12) pg/ml {median (interquartile range=IQR)}] than those of normal controls [n=33, 0.29 (0.08-0.79) pg/ml {median (IQR)}] and children with mild to moderate autism [n=19, 0.26 (0.13-1.42) pg/ml, {median (IQR)}, p=0.08]. However, there was no significant difference between the CD5 levels of children with mild to moderate autism and normal controls (p = 0.62). Diagnoses of autistic children based on the CARS score >30. Disease severity and the CARS score, which represent stereotyped patterns of behavior in children with autism, were positively correlated (r = 0.43, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION The high CD5 plasma levels in patients with severe ASD, probably indicated that CD5 might be implicated in the physiology of autism. However, this finding should be treated with caution until further investigations are performed with larger populations to determine whether the increase in plasma CD5 levels is a mere consequence of autism or it plays a pathogenic role in the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dost Muhammad Halepoto
- Autism Research and Treatment Center, Al-Amodi Autism Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh-11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Mohammed Alhowikan
- Autism Research and Treatment Center, Al-Amodi Autism Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh-11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Al- Ayadhi
- Autism Research and Treatment Center, Al-Amodi Autism Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh-11461, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Deng C, Xiang Y, Tan T, Ren Z, Cao C, Liu B, Huang G, Wang X, Zhou Z. The Imbalance of B-Lymphocyte Subsets in Subjects with Different Glucose Tolerance: Relationship with Metabolic Parameter and Disease Status. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:5052812. [PMID: 28491871 PMCID: PMC5410374 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5052812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes are involved in inflammation and are related to insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study investigated the phenotype and frequency of B-lymphocyte subsets in subjects recently diagnosed with T2D (n = 60), impaired glucose regulation (IGR, n = 73), and normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 169) by flow cytometry. T2D subjects had an increased percentage of CD19+CD23+ (B-2) cells and a decreased percentage of CD19+CD23- (B-1) cells attributing to CD19+CD23-CD5- (B-1b) cells, but not CD19+CD23-CD5+ (B-1a) cells, compared to NGT and IGR subjects. The proportion of CD19+CD5+CD1dhi (B10) cells did not differ between the IGR or T2D group and NGT controls. Of note, HbA1c and triglyceride showed a positive correlation with B-2 cells but an inverse correlation with B-1 and B-1b cells, which were independently associated with the presence of T2D by logistic regression models. In summary, this study shows an unbalanced proinflammatory phenotype of B-cell subsets correlated with glycemia and lipidemia in patients with T2D. Our data provide new insight into chronic activation of the immune system and subclinical inflammation in T2D. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm our observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Deng
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yufei Xiang
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Tingting Tan
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhihui Ren
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Chuqing Cao
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Bingwen Liu
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Gan Huang
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiangbing Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- *Zhiguang Zhou:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Eiza N, Toubi E, Vadasz Z. Increased T and B Regulatory Cell Function Contributes to the Persistence of HCV and Other Viral Infections. Isr Med Assoc J 2016; 18:159-161. [PMID: 27228634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
|
12
|
Li J, Shen C, Liu Y, Li Y, Sun L, Jiao L, Jiao W, Xiao J, Shen C, Qi H, Xu F, Ma L. Impaired Function of CD5+CD19+CD1dhi B10 Cells on IgE Secretion in an Atopic Dermatitis-Like Mouse Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132173. [PMID: 26244559 PMCID: PMC4526574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory pruritic skin disease in which the pathogenic mechanism is complicated and not completely understood. Reports on the role of regulated cells in AD have recently evolved to regulate B cells, which may play a role in allergic inflammation as well. In the present study, we examined the frequency and regulatory function of CD5+CD19+CD1dhi B10 cells in an AD-like mouse model. Our results showed that the percentage of CD5+CD19+CD1dhi B10 cells increased while the frequency of IL-10-producing B cells in CD19+B cells decreased in the mice of AD group. Moreover, no difference in the percentage of B10pro+B10 cells was observed between the AD and control groups. Strikingly, B10 cells from control mice effectively inhibited IgE secretion, whereas the suppressive function of B10 cells from the AD mice was significantly decreased, which was similar to that observed in the group without B10. Altogether, these results suggest that the number of IL-10-producing B cells decreased in the AD group and these cells showed a defective regulatory function on IgE secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Chunping Shen
- The Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Ying Liu
- The Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Yunzhu Li
- The Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Lei Jiao
- The Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Weiwei Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Chen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Hui Qi
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Lin Ma
- The Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hardy RR, Hayakawa K. Selection of natural autoreactive B cells. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2015; 33:S80-S86. [PMID: 26457505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Natural antibodies produced by CD5+ B1 B cells include anti-thymocyte autoantibody (ATA). Transgenic mice bearing the Ig-μ heavy chain of a prototypic ATA, V(H)3609Vκ21c, demonstrated a critical requirement for self-antigen in the accumulation of ATA B cells and production of high levels of serum ATA. Further work with ATA-μκ transgenic mice revealed that, while development of most B cells were blocked at an immature stage in spleen, some mature ATA B cells were present. ATA-μκ transgenic mice with varying levels of Thy-1 autoantigen showed a clear relationship between BCR crosslinking and B cell fate, with low levels generating marginal zone ATA B cells and complete antigen absence allowing maturation to follicular ATA B cells. Finally, different fates of developing ATA B cells encountering high levels self-antigen may be accounted for by variations in the response of newly formed B cells arising from foetal and adult development.
Collapse
|
14
|
Lundell AC, Hesselmar B, Nordström I, Adlerberth I, Wold AE, Rudin A. Higher B-cell activating factor levels at birth are positively associated with maternal dairy farm exposure and negatively related to allergy development. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:1074-1082.e3. [PMID: 25936566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high proportion of circulating immature/naive CD5(+) B cells during early infancy is a risk factor for allergy development. B-cell activating factor (BAFF) is an important cytokine for B-cell maturation. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate whether BAFF levels are related to environmental exposures during pregnancy and early childhood and whether BAFF levels are associated with postnatal B-cell maturation and allergic disease. METHODS In the FARMFLORA study, including both farming and nonfarming families, we measured BAFF levels in plasma from mothers and their children at birth and at 1, 4, 18, and 36 months of age. Infants' blood samples were also analyzed for B-cell numbers and proportions of CD5(+) and CD27(+) B cells. Allergic disease was clinically evaluated at 18 and 36 months of age. RESULTS Circulating BAFF levels were maximal at birth, and farmers' children had higher BAFF levels than nonfarmers' children. Higher BAFF levels at birth were positively associated with proportions of CD27(+) memory B cells among farmers' children and inversely related to proportions of CD5(+) immature/naive B cells among nonfarmers' children. Children with allergic disease at 18 months of age had lower cord blood BAFF levels than nonallergic children. At birth, girls had higher BAFF levels and lower proportions of CD5(+) B cells than boys. CONCLUSIONS Farm exposure during pregnancy appears to induce BAFF production in the newborn child, and high neonatal BAFF levels were associated with more accelerated postnatal B-cell maturation, which lend further strength to the role of B cells in the hygiene hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Carin Lundell
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Bill Hesselmar
- Department of Pediatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inger Nordström
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingegerd Adlerberth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agnes E Wold
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Rudin
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Neulen ML, Viertlboeck BC, Straub C, Göbel TW. Identification of novel chicken CD4⁺ CD3⁻ blood population with NK cell like features. Dev Comp Immunol 2015; 49:72-78. [PMID: 25445913 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chicken NK cells have been defined in embryonic spleen and intestinal epithelium as CD8(+) lymphoid cells that lack BCR and TCR, whereas blood NK cells have not been phenotypically defined. Here we employed the mab, 8D12 directed against CHIR-AB1, a chicken Fc receptor, to define a previously uncharacterized lymphoid cell population in the blood. Although CHIR-AB1 expression was found on several cell populations, cells with extraordinary high CHIR-AB1 levels ranged between 0.4 and 2.8% in five different chicken lines. The widespread applicability of the CHIR-AB1 mab was unexpected, since CHIR-AB1-like genes form a polygenic and polymorphic subfamily. Surprisingly the CHIR-AB1 high cells coexpressed low MHCII, low CD4 and CD5, while other T cell markers CD3 and CD8, the B cell marker Bu1, the macrophage marker KUL01 were absent. Moreover, they stained with the mab 28-4, 20E5 and 1G7, which define chicken NK cells and they also expressed CD25, CD57, CD244 and the vitronectin receptor (αVβ3 integrin). In functional assays, PMA stimulation led to high levels of IFNγ release, while spontaneous cytotoxicity was not detectable. The expression of typical NK cell markers in the absence of characteristic B- or T-cell markers, and their IFNγ release is suggestive of a yet unidentified NK like population.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- CD3 Complex/immunology
- CD3 Complex/metabolism
- CD4 Antigens/immunology
- CD4 Antigens/metabolism
- CD5 Antigens/immunology
- CD5 Antigens/metabolism
- CD57 Antigens/immunology
- CD57 Antigens/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Chickens/blood
- Chickens/immunology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay
- Flow Cytometry
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/immunology
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Vitronectin/immunology
- Receptors, Vitronectin/metabolism
- Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family
- Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Luise Neulen
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit C Viertlboeck
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Straub
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas W Göbel
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
B lymphocytes make several contributions to immune regulation including production of antibodies with regulatory properties, release of immune suppressive cytokines, and expression of death-inducing ligands. A role for Fas ligand (FasL)-expressing "killer" B cells in regulating T helper cell survival and chronic inflammation has been demonstrated in animal models of schistosome worm infection, asthma, and autoimmune arthritis. Interestingly, a population of CD5(+) B cells found in the spleen and lungs of naïve mice constitutively expresses FasL and has potent killer function against T helper cells that is antigen-specific and FasL-dependent. Killer B cells therefore represent a novel target for immune modulation in many disease settings. Our laboratory has recently published methods of characterizing FasL(+) B cells and inducing their proliferation in vitro. This chapter will describe detailed methods of identifying and expanding killer B cells from mice, detecting FasL expression in B cells, and performing functional killing assays against antigen-specific TH cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven K Lundy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 4043 Biomedical Sciences Research Bldg., 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA,
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sato M, Kuroda H, Yoshida M, Usami M, Abe T, Sakurai T, Fujii S, Maeda M, Fujita M, Kanari Y, Matsuno T, Jomen W, Kato J. [Successful treatment with combination of plasma exchange and chemotherapy for CD5-positive primary hepatosplenic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma complicated with acute liver injury]. Rinsho Ketsueki 2014; 55:958-964. [PMID: 25186486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Primary hepatosplenic CD5-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma (CD5⁺ DLBCL) has recently been characterized as showing hepatosplenomegaly without lymphadenopathy, a portal and intrasinusoidal pattern of infiltration in the liver, and bone marrow invasion by lymphoma cells, without intravascular involvement. A 45-year-old man presented with fever and malaise in June 2013. Computed tomography showed hepatosplenomegaly and multiple liver tumors without lymphadenopathy. An ultrasonography-guided needle biopsy of the liver mass revealed portal and intrasinusoidal infiltration of CD5⁺CD20⁺ lymphoma cells and large numbers of destroyed hepatocytes. These findings were diagnostic of primary hepatosplenic CD5⁺ DLBCL. Upon admission, lymphoma cells also appeared in the peripheral blood and serum hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was markedly elevated. A bone marrow biopsy revealed extensive invasion by lymphoma cells. Seven days after admission, his laboratory data showed elevated aminotransferase and serum creatinine levels. Therefore, dose-reduced CH(O)P, with rituximab (R-CHOP) therapy, plasma exchange, and continuous hemodiafiltration, was initiated. The patient achieved complete remission after 4 courses of R-CHOP therapy. HGF is useful for predicting acute liver damage. If the HGF level is high, remission induction therapy, with plasma exchange, is necessary at an early stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Clinical Oncology, Internal Medicine, Steel Memorial Muroran Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Trimaldi JA, Bowers JW, Bello C, Sagatys EM. Follicular lymphoma with progression to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and concurrent CD5-negative mantle cell lymphoma-3 entities in a lymph node. Cancer Control 2014; 21:251-4. [PMID: 24955711 DOI: 10.1177/107327481402100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 68-year-old woman with a history of follicular lymphoma had pathological findings of grade 3B follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) identified in 1 lymph node. The DLBCL appeared to be a transformation of the follicular lymphoma. The nodules were diffusely and strongly positive for CD20, BCL6, and BCL2. CD43 highlighted smaller lymphocytes in a fraction of the nodules. BCL1 staining was variable with a mixture of nodular and mantle zone patterns. The diffuse areas showed weaker positivity for CD10, BCL2, and BCL6. CD3 and CD5 highlighted intermixed T cells. The Ki-67 proliferative index was overall estimated to be 60%. Fluorescent in situ hybridization performed on the lymph node was positive for CCND1/IGH. The patterns of BCL1 and BCL6 staining demonstrated 2 separate populations of neoplastic B lymphocytes.
Collapse
|
19
|
McGuire DJ, Rowse AL, Li H, Peng BJ, Sestero CM, Cashman KS, De Sarno P, Raman C. CD5 enhances Th17-cell differentiation by regulating IFN-γ response and RORγt localization. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:1137-42. [PMID: 24356888 PMCID: PMC3984608 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms that modulate the generation of Th17 cells are incompletely understood. We report that the activation of casein kinase 2 (CK2) by CD5 is essential for the efficient generation of Th17 cells in vitro and in vivo. In our study, the CD5-CK2 signaling pathway enhanced TCR-induced activation of AKT and promoted the differentiation of Th17 cells by two independent mechanisms: inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and activation of mTOR. Genetic ablation of the CD5-CK2 signaling pathway attenuated TCR-induced AKT activation and consequently increased activity of GSK3 in Th17 cells. This resulted in increased sensitivity of Th17 cells to IFN-γ-mediated inhibition. In the absence of CD5-CK2 signaling, we observed decreased activity of S6K and attenuated nuclear translocation of RORγt (ROR is retinoic acid receptor related orphan receptor). These results reveal a novel and essential function of the CD5-CK2 signaling pathway and GSK3-IFN-γ axis in regulating Th-cell differentiation and provide a possible means to dampen Th17-type responses in autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD5 Antigens/genetics
- CD5 Antigens/immunology
- CD5 Antigens/metabolism
- Casein Kinase II/genetics
- Casein Kinase II/immunology
- Casein Kinase II/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Nucleus/immunology
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Flow Cytometry
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/immunology
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/metabolism
- Immunohistochemistry
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/immunology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/immunology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Interferon/immunology
- Receptors, Interferon/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
- Interferon gamma Receptor
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald J. McGuire
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Amber L. Rowse
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Binghao J. Peng
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Christine M. Sestero
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Mathematics, University of Montevallo, Montevallo, AL 35115, USA
| | - Kevin S. Cashman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Patrizia De Sarno
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Chander Raman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fenutría R, Martinez VG, Simões I, Postigo J, Gil V, Martínez-Florensa M, Sintes J, Naves R, Cashman KS, Alberola-Ila J, Ramos-Casals M, Soldevila G, Raman C, Merino J, Merino R, Engel P, Lozano F. Transgenic expression of soluble human CD5 enhances experimentally-induced autoimmune and anti-tumoral immune responses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84895. [PMID: 24454761 PMCID: PMC3893160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CD5 is a lymphoid-specific transmembrane glycoprotein constitutively expressed on thymocytes and mature T and B1a lymphocytes. Current data support the view that CD5 is a negative regulator of antigen-specific receptor-mediated signaling in these cells, and that this would likely be achieved through interaction with CD5 ligand/s (CD5L) of still undefined nature expressed on immune or accessory cells. To determine the functional consequence of loss of CD5/CD5L interaction in vivo, a new transgenic mouse line was generated (shCD5EμTg), expressing a circulating soluble form of human CD5 (shCD5) as a decoy to impair membrane-bound CD5 function. These shCD5EμTg mice showed an enhanced response to autologous antigens, as deduced from the presentation of more severe forms of experimentally inducible autoimmune disease (collagen-induced arthritis, CIA; and experimental autoimmune encephalitis, EAE), as well as an increased anti-tumoral response in non-orthotopic cancer models (B16 melanoma). This enhancement of the immune response was in agreement with the finding of significantly reduced proportions of spleen and lymph node Treg cells (CD4+CD25+FoxP3+), and of peritoneal IL-10-producing and CD5+ B cells, as well as an increased proportion of spleen NKT cells in shCD5EμTg mice. Similar changes in lymphocyte subpopulations were observed in wild-type mice following repeated administration of exogenous recombinant shCD5 protein. These data reveal the relevant role played by CD5/CD5L interactions on the homeostasis of some functionally relevant lymphocyte subpopulations and the modulation of immune responses to autologous antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Fenutría
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa G. Martinez
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inês Simões
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Postigo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Victor Gil
- Servei de Malalties Autoimmunes Sistémiques, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Sintes
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Naves
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Kevin S. Cashman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - José Alberola-Ila
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Manel Ramos-Casals
- Servei de Malalties Autoimmunes Sistémiques, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Soldevila
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Chander Raman
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jesús Merino
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Ramón Merino
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Cantabria-SODERCAN, Santander, Spain
| | - Pablo Engel
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Lozano
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Servei d'Immunologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sangaletti S, Tripodo C, Vitali C, Portararo P, Guarnotta C, Casalini P, Cappetti B, Miotti S, Pinciroli P, Fuligni F, Fais F, Piccaluga PP, Colombo MP. Defective stromal remodeling and neutrophil extracellular traps in lymphoid tissues favor the transition from autoimmunity to lymphoma. Cancer Discov 2014; 4:110-29. [PMID: 24189145 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-13-0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Altered expression of matricellular proteins can become pathogenic in the presence of persistent perturbations in tissue homeostasis. Here, we show that autoimmunity associated with Fas mutation was exacerbated and transitioned to lymphomagenesis in the absence of SPARC (secreted protein acidic rich in cysteine). The absence of SPARC resulted in defective collagen assembly, with uneven compartmentalization of lymphoid and myeloid populations within secondary lymphoid organs (SLO), and faulty delivery of inhibitory signals from the extracellular matrix. These conditions promoted aberrant interactions between neutrophil extracellular traps and CD5(+) B cells, which underwent malignant transformation due to defective apoptosis under the pressure of neutrophil-derived trophic factors and NF-κB activation. Furthermore, this model of defective stromal remodeling during lymphomagenesis correlates with human lymphomas arising in a SPARC-defective environment, which is prototypical of CD5(+) B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Sangaletti
- 1Molecular Immunology Unit, 2Molecular Targeting Unit, and 3Molecular Therapies Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan; 4Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo; 5Hematopathology Section, Department of Hematology and Oncology L. and A. Seràgnoli, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna; and 6Human Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mandl JN, Monteiro JP, Vrisekoop N, Germain RN. T cell-positive selection uses self-ligand binding strength to optimize repertoire recognition of foreign antigens. Immunity 2013; 38:263-274. [PMID: 23290521 PMCID: PMC3785078 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Developing T cells express diverse antigen receptors whose specificities are not prematched to the foreign antigens they eventually encounter. Past experiments have revealed that thymocytes must productively signal in response to self antigens to mature and enter the peripheral T cell pool (positive selection), but how this process enhances effective mature T cell responses to foreign antigen is not fully understood. Here we have documented an unsuspected connection between thymic recognition events and foreign antigen-driven T cell responses. We find that the strength of self-reactivity is a clone-specific property unexpectedly directly related to the strength of T cell receptor (TCR) binding to presented foreign antigen. T cells with receptors showing stronger interaction with self dominate in responses to infections and accumulate in aging individuals, revealing that positive selection contributes to effective immunity by skewing the mature TCR repertoire toward highly effective recognition of pathogens that pose a danger to the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith N. Mandl
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - João P. Monteiro
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Nienke Vrisekoop
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Ronald N. Germain
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cevik SI, Keskin N, Belkaya S, Ozlu MI, Deniz E, Tazebay UH, Erman B. CD81 interacts with the T cell receptor to suppress signaling. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50396. [PMID: 23226274 PMCID: PMC3511562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CD81 (TAPA-1) is a ubiquitously expressed tetraspanin protein identified as a component of the B lymphocyte receptor (BCR) and as a receptor for the Hepatitis C Virus. In an effort to identify trans-membrane proteins that interact with the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR), we performed a membrane yeast two hybrid screen and identified CD81 as an interactor of the CD3delta subunit of the TCR. We found that in the absence of CD81, in thymocytes from knockout mice, TCR engagement resulted in stronger signals. These results were recapitulated in T cell lines that express low levels of CD81 through shRNA mediated silencing. Increased signaling did not result from alterations in the levels of TCR on the surface of T lymphocytes. Although CD81 is not essential for normal T lymphocyte development, it plays an important role in regulating TCR and possibly pre-TCR signal transduction by controlling the strength of signaling. CD81 dependent alterations in thymocyte signaling are evident in increased CD5 expression on CD81 deficient double positive (DP) thymocytes. We conclude that CD81 interacts with the T cell receptor to suppress signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safak Isil Cevik
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nazli Keskin
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center- SUNUM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serkan Belkaya
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meral Ilcim Ozlu
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Deniz
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center- SUNUM, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Uygar Halis Tazebay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Batu Erman
- Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center- SUNUM, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Verbinnen B, Covens K, Moens L, Meyts I, Bossuyt X. Human CD20+CD43+CD27+CD5- B cells generate antibodies to capsular polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130:272-5. [PMID: 22664161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Antibody Specificity
- Antigens, CD/classification
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD20/immunology
- Antigens, CD20/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/classification
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Bacterial Capsules/immunology
- CD5 Antigens/immunology
- CD5 Antigens/metabolism
- Child, Preschool
- Humans
- Leukosialin/immunology
- Leukosialin/metabolism
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial/immunology
- Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/metabolism
Collapse
|
25
|
Marti GE. The detection of minimal residual disease status in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cytometry B Clin Cytom 2011; 80:344-5. [PMID: 22002904 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.20625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD19/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/chemistry
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Bone Marrow Cells/chemistry
- Bone Marrow Cells/immunology
- CD5 Antigens/immunology
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping/standards
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Neoplasm, Residual/diagnosis
- Reagent Kits, Diagnostic/standards
Collapse
|
26
|
Lee JH, Noh J, Noh G, Choi WS, Cho S, Lee SS. Allergen-specific transforming growth factor-β-producing CD19+CD5+ regulatory B-cell (Br3) responses in human late eczematous allergic reactions to cow's milk. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2011; 31:441-9. [PMID: 21291325 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2010.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CD19(+)CD5(+) regulatory B cells produce transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in both mouse and human B-cell leukemias. In this study, TGF-β was uniquely produced by normal human regulatory B cells. TGF-β-producing regulatory B-cell (Br3) responses were characterized through allergic responses to cow's milk. In total, 10 subjects allergic to milk and 13 milk-tolerant subjects were selected following double-blinded, placebo-controlled food challenges. Their peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated in vitro with casein. Following allergen stimulation, the percentage of Br3s among CD5(+) B cells decreased from 11.5% ± 13.7% to 8.0% ± 9.6% (P = 0.042, n = 5) in the milk-allergy group and increased from 14.7% ± 15.6% to 18.9% ± 20.1% (P = 0.006, n = 7) in the milk-tolerant group. However, the numbers of Br3s increased only in the milk-tolerant group, from 1,954 ± 1,058 to 4,548 ± 1,846 per well (P = 0.026), whereas the numbers of Br3s in the milk-allergy group were unchanged [2,596 ± 823 to 2,777 ± 802 per well (P = 0.734)]. The numbers of apoptotic events were similar to the numbers of total Br3 responses. The percentage of non-TGF-β-producing CD5(+) B cells with apoptotic changes increased from 13.4% ± 17.1% to 16.4% ± 20.3% (P = 0.047, n = 5) in the milk-allergy group and remained unchanged [from 9.9% ± 11.9% to 9.3% ± 11.4% (P = 0.099, n = 7)] in the milk-tolerant group. Using carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester labeling, we observed that the percentage of proliferating Br3s among CD5(+) B cells was unchanged [from 6.1% ± 2.8% to 6.4% ± 2.9% (P = 0.145)] in the milk-allergy group and increased from 6.8% ± 3.9% to 10.2% ± 5.3% (P = 0.024) in the milk-tolerant group. In conclusion, Br3s proliferated in response to allergen stimulation in the milk-tolerant group and not in the milk-allergy group. TGF-β-producing regulatory B cells (Br3) may be involved in allergy tolerance by negatively regulating the immune system with TGF-β, and this negative regulation may be controlled by apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ho Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Jung-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Histologic transformation of follicular lymphoma is usually to a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. We present a rare example of a histologic transformation of follicular lymphoma manifested by prolymphocytoid morphology and an unusual immunophenotype characterized by coexpression of CD5 and CD10. The transformed prolymphocytoid lymphoma was positive for CD5 and CD10 antigens by both flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. The case also expressed bcl-2 and bcl-6 proteins, and exhibited t(14;18), consistent with derivation from a pre-existing follicular lymphoma. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of the immunoglobulin kappa light chain genes derived from the follicular lymphoma and prolymphocytoid lymphoma showed identical rearranged bands, suggesting clonal identity of the two neoplasms. The basis for coexpression of CD5 and CD10 remains unclear. Because the preceding low-grade follicular lymphoma was positive only for CD10 and did not express CD5, CD5 expression appears to be an acquired phenomenon accompanying the process of histologic transformation in this particular case. Prolymphocytoid transformation, similar to other histologic forms of transformation of follicular lymphoma, appears to accompany clinical progression of disease.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- CD5 Antigens/biosynthesis
- CD5 Antigens/immunology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Disease Progression
- Fatal Outcome
- Female
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Leukemia, Prolymphocytic/immunology
- Leukemia, Prolymphocytic/pathology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/immunology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/therapy
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/immunology
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/therapy
- Neprilysin/biosynthesis
- Neprilysin/immunology
- Remission Induction
- Treatment Failure
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean K Lau
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dasu T, Sindhava V, Clarke SH, Bondada S. CD19 signaling is impaired in murine peritoneal and splenic B-1 B lymphocytes. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:2655-65. [PMID: 19541367 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
B-1 cells reside predominantly within the coelomic cavities, tonsils, Peyer's patches, spleen (a minor fraction - approximately 5%) and are absent in the lymph nodes. They are the primary sources of natural IgM in the body. B-1 cells express polyreactive B cell receptors (BCRs) that cross react with self-antigens and are thus implicated in auto-immune disorders. Previously, we reported that peritoneal B-1 cells are deficient in CD19-mediated intracellular signals leading to Ca(2+) mobilization. Here, we find that splenic B-1 cells, like peritoneal B-1 cells, are defective in Ca(2+) release upon B cell activation by co-cross-linking BCR and CD19. In the absence of extracellular sources of Ca(2+), intracellular Ca(2+) flux is similar between B-1 and B-2 cells. Moreover, the intracellular component of Ca(2+) release in both subsets of B cells is mostly PI3K dependent. BCR and CD19 co-cross-linking activates Akt, a key mediator of survival and proliferation signals downstream of PI3K in splenic B-2 cells. Splenic B-1 cells, on the other hand, do not phosphorylate Akt (S473) upon similar treatment. Furthermore, BCR+CD19 cross-linking induced phosphorylation of JNK is much reduced in splenic B-1 cells. In contrast, B-1 cells exhibited increased levels of constitutively active pLyn which appears to have an inhibitory role. The CD19 induced Ca(2+) response and BCR induced proliferation response were restored by a partial inhibition of pLyn with Src kinase specific inhibitors. These findings suggest a defect in CD19-mediated signals in both peritoneal and splenic B-1 B lymphocytes, which is in part, due to higher levels of constitutively active Lyn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trivikram Dasu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40536-0298, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dasu T, Qualls JE, Tuna H, Raman C, Cohen DA, Bondada S. CD5 plays an inhibitory role in the suppressive function of murine CD4(+) CD25(+) T(reg) cells. Immunol Lett 2008; 119:103-13. [PMID: 18573278 PMCID: PMC2604124 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2008.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Revised: 04/26/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A subset of CD4(+) T cells, the CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T (T(reg)) cells in the lymphoid organs and peripheral blood are known to possess suppressive function. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that T cell receptor (TCR) signal is required for development of such 'natural regulatory (T(reg)) cells' and for activation of the effector function of CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells. CD5 is a cell surface molecule present on all T cells and a subtype of B lymphocytes, the B-1 cells, primarily localized to coelomic cavities, Peyer's patches, tonsils and spleen. CD5 acts as a negative regulator of T cell and B cell signaling via recruitment of SHP-1. Here, we demonstrate that T(reg) cells obtained from CD5(-/-) mice are more potent than those from wild type mice in suppressing the in vitro cell proliferation of anti-CD3 stimulated CD4(+) CD25(-) responder T cells. This phenomenon was cell contact and GITR dependent. Lack of CD5 expression on T(reg) cells (from spleen, lymph node and thymus) did not affect the intracellular levels of Foxp3. However, CD5(-/-) T(reg) thymocytes were able to elicit a higher Ca(2+) response to TCR + co-stimulatory signals than the wild type cells. CD5(-/-) mice expressed more Foxp3 mRNA in the colon than wild type mice, and additionally, the severity of the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in CD5(-/-) mice was less than the wild type strain. We suggest that manipulation of CD5 expression or the downstream signaling components of CD4(+) CD25(+) T(reg) cells as a potential strategy for therapeutic intervention in cases of auto-immune disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trivikram Dasu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics
| | | | - Halide Tuna
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics
| | - Chander Raman
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL
| | - Donald A Cohen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics
| | - Subbarao Bondada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0230
- Markey Cancer Research Center
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
CD5-positive B-ALL is a rare variant of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). In literature, only three cases have been reported so far. This fourth case report describes a young lady who was diagnosed as ALL (L-2) on bone marrow examination and was found to be CD5 positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia on immunophenotyping. Cytogenetic analysis revealed translocation t(9:22).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawood Ahmed
- Department of Immunology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Garza-Garcia A, Esposito D, Rieping W, Harris R, Briggs C, Brown MH, Driscoll PC. Three-dimensional solution structure and conformational plasticity of the N-terminal scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain of human CD5. J Mol Biol 2008; 378:129-44. [PMID: 18339402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Revised: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The lymphocyte receptor CD5 influences cell activation by modifying the strength of the intracellular response initiated by antigen engagement. Regulation through CD5 involves the interaction of one or more of its three scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domains present in the extracellular region. Here, we present the 3D solution structure of a non-glycosylated double mutant of the N-terminal domain of human CD5 expressed in Escherichia coli (eCD5d1m), which has enhanced solubility compared to the non-glycosylated wild-type (eCD5d1). In common with a glycosylated form expressed in Pichia pastoris, the [(15)N,(1)H]-correlation spectra of both eCD5d1 and eCD5d1m exhibit non-uniform temperature-dependent signal intensities, indicating extensive conformational fluctuations on the micro-millisecond timescale. Although approximately one half of the signals expected for the domain are absent at 298 K, essentially complete resonance assignments and a solution structure could be obtained at 318 K. Because of the sparse nature of the experimental restraint data and the potentially important contribution of conformational exchange to the nuclear Overhauser effect peak intensity, we applied inferential structure determination to calculate the eCD5d1m structure. The inferential structure determination ensemble has similar features to that obtained by traditional simulated annealing methods, but displays superior definition and structural quality. The eCD5d1m structure is similar to other members of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily, but the position of the lone alpha helix differs due to interactions with the unique N-terminal region of the domain. The availability of an experimentally tractable form of CD5d1, together with its 3D structure, provides new tools for further investigation of its function within intact CD5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Acely Garza-Garcia
- Division of Molecular Structure, National Institute for Medical Research, Medical Research Council, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Colovai AI, Tsao L, Wang S, Lin H, Wang C, Seki T, Fisher JG, Menes M, Bhagat G, Alobeid B, Suciu-Foca N. Expression of inhibitory receptor ILT3 on neoplastic B cells is associated with lymphoid tissue involvement in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cytometry B Clin Cytom 2007; 72:354-62. [PMID: 17266150 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.20164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
T cell responses against leukemia-associated antigens have been reported in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, the relentless accumulation of CLL B cells in some patients indicates that anti-tumor immune responses are inefficient. Inhibitory receptors from the Ig-like transcript (ILT) family, such as ILT3 and ILT4, are crucial to the tolerogenic activity of antigen presenting cells. In this study, we examined the expression of ILT3 on CD5+ B cells obtained from 47 patients with CLL. Using flow cytometry and RT-PCR, we found that B CLL cells from 23 of 47 patients expressed ILT3 protein and mature ILT3 mRNA. ILT3 protein and mRNA were not found in normal B cells obtained from donors without CLL. Expression of ILT4 in normal and B CLL cells showed a pattern similar to ILT3. The frequency of ILT3 positive CLL B cells was higher in patients with lymphoid tissue involvement, suggesting that ILT3 may have prognostic value in CLL. Our findings indicate that expression of ILT3 and ILT4 on CLL B cells represents a phenotypic abnormality that may play a role in tolerization of tumor-specific T cells.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Aged
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Biomarkers/analysis
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/biosynthesis
- CD5 Antigens/immunology
- Chronic Disease
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping/methods
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoid Tissue/immunology
- Lymphoid Tissue/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/analysis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Predictive Value of Tests
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/analysis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/analysis
- Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana I Colovai
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dono M, Burgio VL, Colombo M, Sciacchitano S, Reverberi D, Tarantino V, Cutrona G, Chiorazzi N, Ferrarini M. CD5+ B cells with the features of subepithelial B cells found in human tonsils. Eur J Immunol 2007; 37:2138-47. [PMID: 17615580 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200636887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a CD5+ B cell that differs from the majority of the CD5+ B cells from human tonsils. This cell, isolated from in vivo activated B cells, expressed activation markers and featured a CD23-, IgMhigh, IgDlow surface phenotype, responded to T cell-independent type-2 antigens in vitro, and was detected in the subepithelial (SE) areas, the tonsil equivalent of the splenic marginal zone (MZ). Most of the cells utilized unmutated Ig VH genes, although cells with mutated genes also were found, a finding confirmed by single-cell studies. Mutated sequences were more frequent in suspensions enriched for CD27+ cells. Repeated VDJ gene sequences were observed in different molecular clones from the same cell suspension, suggesting in situ expansion. These CD5+ B cells seem to share features with previously characterized tonsil CD5- SE B cells and differ from the majority of tonsil CD5+ B cells, which have the surface phenotype of follicular mantle B cells, lack activation markers, do not respond to T cell-independent antigens, and utilize unmutated VH genes. These data are discussed considering the present views on the origin of B cell subset populations and the relationships between MZ and B1 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariella Dono
- S.C. Oncologia Medica C, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Richl P, Stern U, Lipsky PE, Girschick HJ. The lambda gene immunoglobulin repertoire of human neonatal B cells. Mol Immunol 2007; 45:320-7. [PMID: 17675156 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.06.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Revised: 06/15/2007] [Accepted: 06/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of immunoglobulin rearrangements and selection, which depend on age, antigen exposure and tolerance functions, are only partly understood. Thus, we analyzed and compared the lambda chain immunoglobulin repertoire of individual IgD+ human neonatal B cells with the adult peripheral B cell VlambdaJlambda repertoire. Some Vlambda genes, 4C, 2A2, 2B2, 5A, 1G and 4B, were overexpressed in the non-productive neonatal repertoire, whereas other Vlambda genes (2E, 2A2, 3H, 2B2, 1C and 1G) were overexpressed in the productive repertoire. The adult B cell repertoire revealed nearly the same predominance of genes in the non-productive and productive repertoire. A comparison of the non-productive and productive repertoire indicated that the genes 3H and 1C were positively selected, whereas the genes 4C, 2A1, 3I, 5A, 9A, 4A and 4B were negatively selected. All four functional Jlambda genes were used in both repertoires. Jlambda2/3 was used mainly. Insertions of non-templated nucleotides at the VlambdaJlambda-junction by the enzyme TdT were less frequent as compared to the adult, but the CDR3 length was the same. Comparison of CD5+IgD+ and CD5-IgD+ B cells revealed no differences between neonatal productive rearrangements. However, the genes 1C and 1G were used more often in the non-productive repertoire of CD5+ B cells, whereas gene 4B was used significantly more frequent in CD5- B cells. These data provide evidence that the primary usage and subsequent selection of Vlambda genes in the neonate are surprisingly comparable with the adult. This suggests that selection into the productive Vlambda repertoire in principal might be driven mainly by autoantigens in the newborn, as well as in adulthood, since newborns have not been exposed to exogenous antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Richl
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infections Diseases, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Di Martino C, Basset C, Ogier A, Charpilienne A, Poncet D, Kohli E. Distribution and phenotype of rotavirus-specific B cells induced during the antigen-driven primary response to 2/6 virus-like particles administered by the intrarectal and the intranasal routes. J Leukoc Biol 2007; 82:821-8. [PMID: 17652448 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0307173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection of mucosal sites is an important step in mucosal vaccine development. The intrarectal (IR) route represents an alternative to the oral route of immunization; nevertheless, immune responses induced by this route are not well defined. Here, we studied the early primary B cell response (induction, homing, and phenotype) induced by IR immunization with rotavirus (RV)-2/6 virus-like particles (VLP). Using flow cytometry, we traced RV-specific B cells in different lymphoid tissues and analyzed the expression of alpha4beta7 and CCR9, which are important receptors for homing to the gut, as well as CD5, a marker expressed by B1-a cells, which are a major source of natural antibodies. We observed a massive, specific B cell response in rectal follicles, lumbar, and mesenteric lymph nodes but not in Peyer's patches or cervical lymph nodes. A minority of cells expressed alpha4beta7, suggesting a probable lack of migration to the gut, whereas CCR9 and CD5 were expressed by 30-50% and 30-75% of specific B cells, respectively. Then, we compared the intranasal route of immunization and observed similar B cell frequency and phenotype but in respiratory lymphoid tissues. These results confirm the high compartmentalization of B cell responses within the mucosal system. They show that CCR9 expression, conversely to alpha4beta7, is not restricted to B cells induced in the gut. Finally, an important part of the RV-specific B cell response induced at the mucosal level during the primary response to VLP is most likely a result of B1-a cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Di Martino
- Laboratoire des Interactions Muqueuses-Agents transmissibles LIMA, UPR562, UFRs Médecine et Pharmacie, IFR 100 Santé-STIC, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wong SCC, Chan JKC, Lo ESF, Chan AKC, Wong MCK, Chan CML, Lam MYY, Chan ATC. The contribution of bifunctional SkipDewax pretreatment solution, rabbit monoclonal antibodies, and polymer detection systems in immunohistochemistry. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2007; 131:1047-55. [PMID: 17616990 DOI: 10.5858/2007-131-1047-tcobsp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In immunohistochemistry, nonstandardized antigen retrieval protocols and fluids, poor-quality antibodies, and the presence of endogenous biotin frequently lead to incorrect results. Recently, advanced reagents including bifunctional SkipDewax pretreatment solution (BSPS), rabbit monoclonal (RM) antibodies, and biotin-free polymer detection systems (PDSs) have been developed, which, it is claimed, resolve these problems. OBJECTIVES To determine whether BSPS, RM antibodies, and biotin-free PDSs improve the accuracy of immunohistochemistry; to optimize a new protocol consisting of a combination of BSPS, RM antibodies, and PDSs; and to compare it with a conventional protocol. DESIGN The efficacies of BSPS, RM antibodies, and PDSs were compared with those of their respective conventional reagents using multitissue spring-roll sections. The new protocol was compared with a conventional protocol using Ki-67 immunostaining of 49 colorectal carcinoma specimens. RESULTS For antigen retrieval, BSPS resulted in similar or better tissue staining than an EDTA solution, but the efficacy of BSPS decreased when it was reused. Most RM antibodies resulted in a greater proportion of positive cells than the corresponding non-RM antibodies, which did not produce satisfactory results in the absence of antigen retrieval. The PDSs Bond, ChemMate, and SuperPicture resulted in a high percentage of positive cells, good staining intensities, and low backgrounds. Other PDSs, except that from Ventana, resulted in high backgrounds and false positivity. The new combined protocol resulted in better Ki-67 staining than the conventional assay. CONCLUSIONS Bifunctional SkipDewax pretreatment solution, RM antibodies, and PDSs improve staining quality and diagnostic accuracy of immunohistochemistry assays and provide a foundation for standardization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sze Chuen Cesar Wong
- Department of Clinical Oncology at the Sir Y. K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Friedlein G, El Hage F, Vergnon I, Richon C, Saulnier P, Lécluse Y, Caignard A, Boumsell L, Bismuth G, Chouaib S, Mami-Chouaib F. Human CD5 protects circulating tumor antigen-specific CTL from tumor-mediated activation-induced cell death. J Immunol 2007; 178:6821-7. [PMID: 17513730 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.11.6821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously characterized several tumor-specific T cell clones from PBL and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of a lung cancer patient with identical TCR rearrangements and similar lytic potential, but with different antitumor response. A role of the TCR inhibitory molecule CD5 to impair reactivity of peripheral T cells against the tumor was found to be involved in this process. In this report, we demonstrate that CD5 also controls the susceptibility of specific T cells to activation-induced cell death (AICD) triggered by the tumor. Using a panel of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and PBL-derived clones expressing different levels of CD5, our results indicate that T lymphocyte AICD in response to the cognate tumor is inversely proportional to the surface expression level of CD5. They also suggest a direct involvement of CD5 in this process, as revealed by an increase in tumor-mediated T lymphocyte AICD following neutralization of the molecule with specific mAb. Mechanistically, our data indicate that down-regulation of FasL expression and subsequent inhibition of caspase-8 activation are involved in CD5-induced T cell survival. These results provide evidence for a role of CD5 in the fate of peripheral tumor-specific T cells and further suggest its contribution to regulate the extension of CTL response against tumor.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antigens, Neoplasm/blood
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- CD5 Antigens/immunology
- CD5 Antigens/metabolism
- CD5 Antigens/physiology
- Caspase 8/metabolism
- Caspase Inhibitors
- Cell Death/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Enzyme Activation/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/blood
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Fas Ligand Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fas Ligand Protein/biosynthesis
- Fas Ligand Protein/genetics
- Humans
- Jurkat Cells
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/enzymology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/immunology
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/enzymology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Friedlein
- Laboratoire "Immunologie des tumeurs humaines: Interaction effecteurs cytotoxiques-système tumoral," Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 753, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 54, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Koide N, Morikawa A, Ito H, Sugiyama T, Hassan F, Islam S, Tumurkhuu G, Mori I, Yoshida T, Yokochi T. Defective responsiveness of CD5+ B1 cells to lipopolysaccharide in cytokine production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 12:346-51. [PMID: 17254388 DOI: 10.1179/096805106x118924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we found that mouse TH2.52 cells possess the characteristic of CD5(+) B1 cells and proliferate in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The effect of LPS on cytokine production by TH2.52 B1 cells was studied. TH2.52 cells constitutively produced a small amount of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6, and TNF-alpha and IL-6 production was markedly enhanced by LPS stimulation. Although interferon (IFN)-gamma caused the production of various cytokines, such as IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in TH2.52 cells, LPS did not cause the production of such cytokines. LPS did not induce IFN-beta production in TH2.52 cells and TH2.52 cells lacked the expression of several molecules participating in the MyD88-independent pathway in LPS signaling. Defective responsiveness of TH2.52 B1 cells to LPS in cytokine production might be responsible for the failure of IFN-beta production due to the lack of molecules participating in the MyD88-independent pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Koide
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang HY, Li YF. [Lymphocyte changes in patients with Graves's disease accompanied by hematocytopenia]. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2007; 15:429-32. [PMID: 17493363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of study was to investigate the lymphocyte changes in peripheral blood of patients with Graves's disease accompanied by hematocytopenia and to explore its pathogenesis. The quantity and ratio of Th(2), Th(1), CD5(+) B, Bcl-2 level in 24 Graves's disease patients with hematocytopenia were detected by FACS, and 18 adults were selected as normal controls. The results indicated that the percentages of Th(1), Th(2), ratio of Th(2)/Th(1), CD5(+) B, Bcl-2 level in peripheral blood of the patients were (0.81 +/- 0.45)%, (6.83 +/- 3.02)%, (20.55 +/- 6.15)%, (20.89 +/- 1.62)%, (80.25 +/- 15.56)%, respectively, and were higher than those of normal controls [(0.39 +/- 0.24)% (P<0.05), (0.28 +/- 0.15)% (P<0.01), (0.52 +/- 0.12)% (P<0.01), (7.89 +/- 0.38)% (P<0.05), (36.49 +/- 6.79)% (P<0.05)]. It is concluded that the pathogenesis of Graves's disease with hematocytopenia may be related to unbalance of Th(1)/Th(2), increase of Th(2) inducing over-expression of CD5(+) B and Bcl-2 on B cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Linyi Municipal People Hospital, Linyi 276003, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gonzalo DH, Rodriguez G, Marcilla D. Diagnostic difficulties of the hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) associated with the Epstein-Barr virus. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2007; 29:206-7. [PMID: 17356405 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0b013e3180335095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
41
|
Rodamilans B, Muñoz IG, Bragado-Nilsson E, Sarrias MR, Padilla O, Blanco FJ, Lozano F, Montoya G. Crystal structure of the third extracellular domain of CD5 reveals the fold of a group B scavenger cysteine-rich receptor domain. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:12669-77. [PMID: 17322294 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m611699200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains are ancient protein modules widely found among cell surface and secreted proteins of the innate and adaptive immune system, where they mediate ligand binding. We have solved the crystal structure at 2.2 A of resolution of the SRCR CD5 domain III, a human lymphocyte receptor involved in the modulation of antigen specific receptor-mediated T cell activation and differentiation signals. The first structure of a member of a group B SRCR domain reveals the fold of this ancient protein module into a central core formed by two antiparallel beta-sheets and one alpha-helix, illustrating the conserved core at the protein level of genes coding for group A and B members of the SRCR superfamily. The novel SRCR group B structure permits the interpretation of site-directed mutagenesis data on the binding of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166) binding to CD6, a closely related lymphocyte receptor homologue to CD5.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- CD5 Antigens/chemistry
- CD5 Antigens/immunology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/immunology
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Fetal Proteins/immunology
- Humans
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Protein Folding
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Scavenger Receptors, Class B/chemistry
- Scavenger Receptors, Class B/immunology
- Structural Homology, Protein
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Rodamilans
- Spanish National Cancer Center (CNIO), Structural Biology and Biocomputing Program, c/Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen G, Dimitriou ID, La Rose J, Ilangumaran S, Yeh WC, Doody G, Turner M, Gommerman J, Rottapel R. The 3BP2 adapter protein is required for optimal B-cell activation and thymus-independent type 2 humoral response. Mol Cell Biol 2007; 27:3109-22. [PMID: 17283041 PMCID: PMC1899947 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01014-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
3BP2 is a pleckstrin homology domain- and Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing adapter protein that is mutated in the rare human bone disorder cherubism and which has also been implicated in immunoreceptor signaling. However, a function for this protein has yet to be established. Here we show that mice lacking 3BP2 exhibited a perturbation in the peritoneal B1 and splenic marginal-zone B-cell compartments and diminished thymus-independent type 2 antigen response. 3BP2(-/-) B cells demonstrated a proliferation defect in response to antigen receptor cross-linking and a heightened sensitivity to B-cell receptor-induced death via a caspase-3-dependent apoptotic pathway. We show that 3BP2 binds via its SH2 domain to the CD19 signaling complex and is required for optimum Syk phosphorylation and calcium flux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Chen
- Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute, Room 10-105, University Ave., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Perez-Chacon G, Vargas JA, Jorda J, Morado M, Rosado S, Martin-Donaire T, Losada-Fernandez I, Rebolleda N, Perez-Aciego P. CD5 provides viability signals to B cells from a subset of B-CLL patients by a mechanism that involves PKC. Leuk Res 2007; 31:183-93. [PMID: 16725198 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2006.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2006] [Revised: 03/22/2006] [Accepted: 03/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by an accumulation of B lymphocytes expressing CD5. To date, the biological significance of this molecule in B-CLL B cells remains to be elucidated. In this study, we have analysed the functional consequences of the binding of an anti-CD5 antibody on B-CLL B cells. To this purpose, we have measured the percentage of viability of B-CLL B cells in the presence or in the absence of anti-CD5 antibodies and also examined some of the biochemical events downstream the CD5-signalling. We demonstrate that anti-CD5 induces phosphorylation of protein tyrosine kinases and protein kinase C (PKC), while no activation of Akt/PKB and MAPKs is detected. This signalling cascade results in viability in a group of patients in which we observe an increase of Mcl-1 levels, whereas the levels of bcl-2, bcl-x(L) and XIAP do not change. We also report that this pathway leads to IL-10 production, an immunoregulatory cytokine that might act as an autocrine growth factor for leukaemic B cells. Inhibition of PKC prevents the induction of Mcl-1 and IL-10, suggesting that the activation of PKC plays an important role in the CD5-mediated survival signals in B cells from a subset of B-CLL patients.
Collapse
|
44
|
Brownell I, Fangman W. Hepatitis C virus infection, type III cryoglobulinemia, and necrotizing vasculitis. Dermatol Online J 2007; 13:6. [PMID: 17511939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A 53-year-old man with chronic hepatitis-C virus infection presented with livedo reticularis, purpura, and leg ulcers. A skin biopsy specimen showed a necrotizing vasculitis. The skin biopsy specimen and serology confirmed the diagnosis of type-III cryoglobulinemia. Bone marrow and peripheral blood showed proliferation of atypical CD5-positive B cells that included a monoclonal population. There is growing evidence that chronic hepatitis-C infection can result in immune dysregulation and expansion of autoimmune B cells that produce cryoglobulins.
Collapse
|
45
|
Rowbotham NJ, Hager-Theodorides AL, Cebecauer M, Shah DK, Drakopoulou E, Dyson J, Outram SV, Crompton T. Activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway in T-lineage cells inhibits TCR repertoire selection in the thymus and peripheral T-cell activation. Blood 2007; 109:3757-66. [PMID: 17227833 PMCID: PMC1874579 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-07-037655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TCR signal strength is involved in many cell fate decisions in the T-cell lineage. Here, we show that transcriptional events induced by Hedgehog (Hh) signaling reduced TCR signal strength in mice. Activation of Hh signaling in thymocytes in vivo by expression of a transgenic transcriptional-activator form of Gli2 (Gli2DeltaN(2)) changed the outcome of TCR ligation at many stages of thymocyte development, allowing self-reactive cells to escape clonal deletion; reducing transgenic TCR-mediated positive selection; reducing the ratio of CD4/CD8 single-positive (SP) cells; and reducing cell surface CD5 expression. In contrast, in the Shh(-/-) thymus the ratio of CD4/CD8 cells and both positive and negative selection of a transgenic TCR were increased, demonstrating that Shh does indeed influence TCR repertoire selection and the transition from double-positive (DP) to SP cell in a physiological situation. In peripheral T cells, Gli2DeltaN(2) expression attenuated T-cell activation and proliferation, by a mechanism upstream of ERK phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Rowbotham
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Viau M, Veas F, Zouali M. Direct impact of inactivated HIV-1 virions on B lymphocyte subsets. Mol Immunol 2006; 44:2124-34. [PMID: 17134757 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.07.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2006] [Revised: 07/04/2006] [Accepted: 07/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although there is no convincing evidence that HIV infects primary B cells, marked changes in B cell responses have been described in HIV-1-infected subjects, including B cell repertoire perturbations, depression of B cell memory and paucity of CD5(+) B cells. As it is hard to assess the consequences of these in vitro and ex vivo observations in patients, the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the B cell deficit are unclear, and direct and indirect effects of HIV-1 remain possible. To gain further insight into the impact of HIV-1 on the B cell compartment in vivo, we used XenoMouse mice, mice genetically engineered to express human antibodies with an absence of mouse antibody expression. In these transgenic animals, B cells expressing a virtually full human Ig repertoire develop, which allows investigation of the in vivo consequences of confronting B cells expressing human immunoglobulins with HIV-1. We found that soluble gp120 induced an inversion in the B-1a/B-1b cell ratios, without impacting B-2 cells or affecting substantially the T cell compartment. Virion treatment specifically and dramatically depressed B-1a cells, which represent the majority of B-1 cells in normal mice. The observed B cell changes were associated with a functional alteration of the humoral response to tetanus toxoid. Thus, the results reveal a capacity of HIV-1 to specifically impact a highly specialized B cell subpopulation. Because there is evidence that human IgM memory B cells are functionally equivalent to murine B-1a cells, our findings suggest that gp120 may have a direct deleting activity on B cell memory.
Collapse
|
47
|
Le Pottier L, Devauchelle V, Pers JO, Jamin C, Youinou P. The mosaic of B-cell subsets (with special emphasis on primary Sjögren's syndrome). Autoimmun Rev 2006; 6:149-54. [PMID: 17289550 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2006.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Accepted: 09/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Major breakthroughs have occurred with classification of B-cells into populations and subpopulations. With respect to their expression of CD5, they comprise the B1 and B2 populations, with the former further divided into B1a and B1b subpopulations. The oncologic process starts from transitional type 1 (T1) and T2 immature B-cells, through marginal zone or germinal center B-cells, ending up with memory B-cells and plasma cells (PCs). They may also be categorized based on their functional commitment with polarized B effector (Be)1 and Be2, with B-activating factor of the tumor-necrosis factor-producing B-cells, and with short-lived and long-lived PCs. Such a seemingly homogeneous family of cells has thus turned out to be a genuine mosaic of B-lymphocyte subsets.
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
CD5+ B cells have attracted considerable interest because of their association with self-reactivity, autoimmunity, and leukemia. In mice, CD5+ B cells are readily generated from fetal/neonatal precursors, but inefficiently from precursors in adult. One model proposed to explain this difference is that their production occurs through a distinctive developmental process, termed B-1, that enriches pre-B cells with novel germline VDJs and that requires positive selection of newly formed B cells by self-Ag. In contrast, follicular B cells are generated throughout adult life in a developmental process termed B-2, selecting VDJs that pair well with surrogate L chain, and whose maturation appears relatively independent of antigenic selection. In the present study, I focus on processes that shape the repertoire of mouse CD5+ B cells, describing the differences between B-1 and B-2 development, and propose a model encompassing both in the generation of functional B cell subpopulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard R Hardy
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Shang XZ, Ma KY, Radewonuk J, Li J, Song XY, Griswold DE, Emmell E, Li L. IgE isotype switch and IgE production are enhanced in IL-21-deficient but not IFN-gamma-deficient mice in a Th2-biased response. Cell Immunol 2006; 241:66-74. [PMID: 16979605 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2006.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2006] [Revised: 07/26/2006] [Accepted: 07/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
IgE plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of allergy and asthma. Therefore, suppression of IgE production would provide therapeutic benefits to patients suffering from these diseases. We have reported that the production of IgE is regulated differently in the spleen vs. the draining lymph nodes (LN). IgE isotype switch and IgE producing B cell expansion occur in the draining LN after antigen (Ag) immunization, but do not happen in the spleen. In addition, a population of pre-existing IgE+ cells is observed in the spleen of normal or sham immunized mice, but is not present in the draining LN. To further understand the regulation of IgE production in different lymphoid organs, and the potential inhibitory factors of IgE isotype switch in the spleen, the involvement of IL-21 and IFN-gamma in regulating IgE production was investigated by using the IL-21 and the IFN-gamma deficient mice. We found that in the absence of IL-21 IgE isotype switch and IgE+ cell clonal expansion were dramatically enhanced in the spleen and IgE isotype switch was partially increased in the draining LN. In addition, IgE production of the pre-existing CD19-CD5+B220(low) IgE+ cells in the spleen was also increased in the absence of IL-21 under physiological conditions. In contrast, using the IFN-gamma deficient mice, we did not observe a negative impact of IFN-gamma on either IgE isotype switch or IgE production. Our data suggest that IL-21 appears to be a critical cytokine to keep low IgE levels under physiological and pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Z Shang
- Centocor Inc., 200 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kessel A, Yehudai D, Peri R, Pavlotzky E, Bamberger E, Tov N, Toubi E. Increased susceptibility of cord blood B lymphocytes to undergo spontaneous apoptosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2006; 145:563-70. [PMID: 16907927 PMCID: PMC1809710 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2006] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we compared the rate of spontaneous apoptosis of B cells from umbilical cord blood with adult B cells and assessed the role of Bcl-2, CD5, interleukin (IL)-4 and B cell-activating factor in B cell spontaneous apoptosis. We found that spontaneous apoptosis of cultured B cells, as assessed by utilizing annexin-V binding, was significantly higher in cord blood than in healthy adult individuals (77.5; 95 CI, 73.5-81.5 versus 59.2; 95 CI, 54-64, respectively, P < 0.0001) and further confirmed by 4' 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, dihydrochloride (DAPI) staining. Whereas the expression of B cell-activating factor from the tumour necrosis factor family (BAFF) receptor mRNA was similar in B cells from adults and cord blood, we detected lower levels of circulating BAFF in the serum of cord blood (0.68 +/- 0.13 ng versus 1.83 +/- 0.54 ng, P = 0.01). The latter may explain, in part, our observation of lower levels of mean fluorescence intensity of Bcl-2 in cord B cells compared with adults (1.6 +/- 0.9 versus 2.85 +/- 1.3, P = 0.033). CD19(+) CD5(+) B cells from cord blood underwent a lower rate of apoptosis in comparison to CD19(+) CD5(-) B cells (25.1 +/- 9.3%versus 58.5 +/- 12.5%, P < 0.0001). This pattern of sensitivity was comparable in adult blood (15 +/- 5.5%versus 22.7 +/- 9.3%, P = 0.01). Nevertheless, the rate of apoptosis was higher in CD19(+) CD5(+) from cord blood compared to CD19(+) CD5(+) from adults (25.1 +/- 9.3%versus 15 +/- 5.5%, P = 0.0013). The addition of rIL-4 (10 u/ml) to cultured cells decreased B cell apoptosis in a similar fashion in both cord and adults blood. This rescue was strengthened when BAFF (100 microg/ml) was further added. Thus, alterations in Bcl-2 or serum BAFF level may explain the increased rate of cord blood B cell apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kessel
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine Technion, Haifa, Israel.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|