1
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Czepielewski RS, Erlich EC, Onufer EJ, Young S, Saunders BT, Han YH, Wohltmann M, Wang PL, Kim KW, Kumar S, Hsieh CS, Scallan JP, Yang Y, Zinselmeyer BH, Davis MJ, Randolph GJ. Ileitis-associated tertiary lymphoid organs arise at lymphatic valves and impede mesenteric lymph flow in response to tumor necrosis factor. Immunity 2021; 54:2795-2811.e9. [PMID: 34788601 PMCID: PMC8678349 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lymphangitis and the formation of tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) in the mesentery are features of Crohn's disease. Here, we examined the genesis of these TLOs and their impact on disease progression. Whole-mount and intravital imaging of the ileum and ileum-draining collecting lymphatic vessels (CLVs) draining to mesenteric lymph nodes from TNFΔARE mice, a model of ileitis, revealed TLO formation at valves of CLVs. TLOs obstructed cellular and molecular outflow from the gut and were sites of lymph leakage and backflow. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) neutralization begun at early stages of TLO formation restored lymph transport. However, robustly developed, chronic TLOs resisted regression and restoration of flow after TNF neutralization. TNF stimulation of cultured lymphatic endothelial cells reprogrammed responses to oscillatory shear stress, preventing the induction of valve-associated genes. Disrupted transport of immune cells, driven by loss of valve integrity and TLO formation, may contribute to the pathology of Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael S Czepielewski
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emma C Erlich
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emily J Onufer
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shannon Young
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian T Saunders
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yong-Hyun Han
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mary Wohltmann
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Peter L Wang
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ki-Wook Kim
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shashi Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joshua P Scallan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Bernd H Zinselmeyer
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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2
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Wiechers C, Zou M, Galvez E, Beckstette M, Ebel M, Strowig T, Huehn J, Pezoldt J. The microbiota is dispensable for the early stages of peripheral regulatory T cell induction within mesenteric lymph nodes. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:1211-1221. [PMID: 33762684 PMCID: PMC8093251 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00647-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal Foxp3+ regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets are crucial players in tolerance to microbiota-derived and food-borne antigens, and compelling evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota modulates their generation, functional specialization, and maintenance. Selected bacterial species and microbiota-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have been reported to promote Treg homeostasis in the intestinal lamina propria. Furthermore, gut-draining mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) are particularly efficient sites for the generation of peripherally induced Tregs (pTregs). Despite this knowledge, the direct role of the microbiota and their metabolites in the early stages of pTreg induction within mLNs is not fully elucidated. Here, using an adoptive transfer-based pTreg induction system, we demonstrate that neither transfer of a dysbiotic microbiota nor dietary SCFA supplementation modulated the pTreg induction capacity of mLNs. Even mice housed under germ-free (GF) conditions displayed equivalent pTreg induction within mLNs. Further molecular characterization of these de novo induced pTregs from mLNs by dissection of their transcriptomes and accessible chromatin regions revealed that the microbiota indeed has a limited impact and does not contribute to the initialization of the Treg-specific epigenetic landscape. Overall, our data suggest that the microbiota is dispensable for the early stages of pTreg induction within mLNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Wiechers
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mangge Zou
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eric Galvez
- Department Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Beckstette
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maria Ebel
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Department Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Joern Pezoldt
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Ma Y, Zabell T, Creasy A, Yang X, Chatterjee V, Villalba N, Kistler EB, Wu MH, Yuan SY. Gut Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Induces Lung Inflammation via Mesenteric Lymph-Mediated Neutrophil Activation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:586685. [PMID: 33042165 PMCID: PMC7517702 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.586685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common clinical problem associated with significant mortality and morbidities that result from systemic inflammation and remote organ dysfunction, typically acute lung injury. The mechanisms underlying the dissemination of gut-derived harmful mediators into the circulation are poorly understood. The objective of our study was to determine the role of mesenteric lymphatic circulation in the systemic and pulmonary inflammatory response to gut I/R. Using a murine intestinal I/R model, we evaluated whether and how blocking mesenteric lymph flow affects the inflammatory response in local tissues (gut) and remote organs (lungs). We further explored the mechanisms of post-I/R lymph-induced systemic inflammation by examining neutrophil activity and interaction with endothelial cells in vitro. Mice subjected to intestinal I/R displayed a significant inflammatory response in local tissues, evidenced by neutrophil infiltration into mucosal areas, as well as lung inflammation, evidenced by increased myeloperoxidase levels, neutrophil infiltration, and elevated microvascular permeability in the lungs. Mesenteric lymph duct ligation (MLDL) had no effect on gut injury per se, but effectively attenuated lung injury following gut I/R. Cell experiments showed that lymph fluid from post-I/R animals, but not pre-I/R, increased neutrophil surface CD11b expression and their ability to migrate across vascular endothelial monolayers. Moreover, post-I/R lymph upregulated neutrophil expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which was mediated by a mechanism involving nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling. Consistently, gut I/R activated NF-κB in lung neutrophils, which was alleviated by MLDL. In conclusion, all these data indicate that mesenteric lymph circulation contributes to neutrophil activation and lung inflammation following gut I/R injury partly through activating NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Ma
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Taylor Zabell
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Alexandra Creasy
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Victor Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Nuria Villalba
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Erik B. Kistler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of California, San Diego, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Mack H. Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
- James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Sarah Y. Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
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Cai B, Yi H, Zhang W. Reference intervals of mesenteric lymph node size according to lymphocyte counts in asymptomatic children. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228734. [PMID: 32040486 PMCID: PMC7010245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no acknowledged reference interval of mesenteric lymph node size in healthy children, and the size criterion for mesenteric lymph node enlargement (MLNE) has long been controversial. This study aimed to explore the reference intervals of mesenteric lymph node size according to lymphocyte counts in asymptomatic children and to develop a more appropriate definition of MLNE. The asymptomatic children included were divided into five age strata: 2 to 3 yr; 3 to 4 yr; 4 to 5 yr; 5 to 6 yr; and 6 to 7 yr. Correlation analyses between lymphocyte counts and the long-axis diameter, short-axis diameter, and average diameter of the largest mesenteric lymph node (LMLN) were performed. A reference interval of the short-axis diameter of LMLN was established according to this correlation analysis in each age group. We also report a reference interval of lymphocyte count in each age group. This study revealed significant correlations between the short-axis diameter of LMLN and lymphocyte count in all age groups, as well as in subdivided boy groups and girl groups. The overall reference interval of the short-axis diameter of LMLN in children was 0.54 cm—1.03 cm, with mean value of 0.75 cm. This study supports the use of the short-axis diameter greater than 8–10 mm as the diagnostic criterion for primary mesenteric lymphadenitis based on the presence of a cluster of three or more mesenteric lymph nodes and in the absence of other abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohuan Cai
- Department of pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Huiming Yi
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
- * E-mail:
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5
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Bentley EG, Pugh G, Gledhill LR, Flynn RJ. An analysis of the immune compartment within bovine adipose tissue. Dev Comp Immunol 2019; 100:103411. [PMID: 31202894 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) has wide functions as an active endocrine organ acting as a site of nutrient storage and thermogenesis. Recently it has been identified as having a key role in murine and human immunity and inflammation. Type 1 or type 2 immune responses and their respective cytokines have been linked to white or brown AT, respectively. Most dramatic is the involvement of type-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in stimulating eosinophil recruitment via interleukin (IL)-13 which in turn stimulates alternative macrophage activation via IL-4/IL-13. Recruited leukocytes are capable of influencing the cellular composition and function of adipose tissue and present a route to combat human obesity, however these processes are poorly understood in ruminants. Here we have characterised the resident leukocytes populations within bovine mesenteric AT (MAT) and subcutaneous AT (SAT), compared with the corresponding mesenteric lymph node (MLN). Concurring with related studies, we find bovine AT has its own resident leukocyte populations where eosinophils and neutrophils dominate. Importantly the proportion of eosinophils or neutrophils corresponded to the adipocyte size found in both depots. Further exploration of this area may have important implications on the food production industry or could be applied to improve the course of pathogenesis during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor G Bentley
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK
| | - Glesni Pugh
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK
| | - Laura R Gledhill
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK
| | - Robin J Flynn
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK.
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Abstract
The ability of lymphocytes to recirculate between blood and secondary lymphoid tissues such as lymph nodes (LNs) and spleen is well established. Sheep have been used as an experimental system to study lymphocyte recirculation for decades and multiple studies document accumulation and loss of intravenously (i.v.) transferred lymphocytes in efferent lymph of various ovine LNs. Yet, surprisingly little work has been done to accurately quantify the dynamics of lymphocyte exit from the LNs and to estimate the average residence times of lymphocytes in ovine LNs. In this work we developed a series of mathematical models based on fundamental principles of lymphocyte recirculation in the body under non-inflammatory (resting) conditions. Our analysis suggested that in sheep, recirculating lymphocytes spend on average 3 h in the spleen and 20 h in skin or gut-draining LNs with a distribution of residence times in LNs following a skewed gamma (lognormal-like) distribution. Our mathematical models also suggested an explanation for a puzzling observation of the long-term persistence of i.v. transferred lymphocytes in the efferent lymph of the prescapular LN (pLN); the model predicted that this is a natural consequence of long-term persistence of the transferred lymphocytes in circulation. We also found that lymphocytes isolated from the skin-draining pLN have a 2-fold increased entry rate into the pLN as opposed to the mesenteric (gut-draining) LN (mLN). Likewise, lymphocytes from mLN had a 3-fold increased entry rate into the mLN as opposed to entry rate into pLN. In contrast, these cannulation data could not be explained by preferential retention of cells in LNs of their origin. Taken together, our work illustrates the power of mathematical modeling in describing the kinetics of lymphocyte migration in sheep and provides quantitative estimates of lymphocyte residence times in ovine LNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M. McDaniel
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Vitaly V. Ganusov
- Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Perry T, Laffin M, Fedorak RN, Thiesen A, Dicken B, Madsen KL. Ileocolic resection is associated with increased susceptibility to injury in a murine model of colitis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184660. [PMID: 28922370 PMCID: PMC5603159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ileocolic resection (ICR) is the most common intestinal resection performed for Crohn's disease, with recurrences commonly occurring at the site of the anastomosis. This study used an animal model of ICR in wild-type mice to examine immunologic changes that developed around the surgical anastomosis and how these changes impacted gut responses to minor acute injury. ICR was performed in adult 129S1/SvlmJ mice and results compared with mice receiving sham or no surgery. Dextran sodium sulfate was given either on post-operative day 9 or day 24 to evaluate immune responses in the intestine both immediately following surgery and after a period of healing. Fecal occult blood measurements and animal weights were taken daily. Cytokine levels were measured in ileal and colonic tissue. Bacterial load in the neo-terminal ileum was measured using qPCR. Immune cell populations in the intestinal tissue, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleen were assessed using flow cytometry. Cytokine secretion in response to microbial products was measured in isolated mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen cells. ICR resulted in an initial elevation of inflammatory markers in the terminal ileum and colon followed by enhanced levels of bacterial growth in the neo-terminal ileum. Intestinal surgical resection resulted in the recruitment of innate immune cells into the colon that exhibited a non-responsiveness to microbial stimuli. DSS colitis phenotype was more severe in the ileocolic resection groups and this was associated with local and systemic immunosuppression as evidenced by a reduced cytokine responses to microbial stimuli. This study reveals the development of an immune non-responsiveness to microbial products following ileocolic resection that is associated with enhanced levels of bacterial growth in the neo-terminal ileum. These surgical-induced altered immune-microbial interactions in the intestine may contribute to disease recurrence at the surgical anastomosis site following ileocolic resections in patients with Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy Perry
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Laffin
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard N. Fedorak
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- The Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research (CEGIIR), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aducio Thiesen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bryan Dicken
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen L. Madsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- The Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research (CEGIIR), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Langness S, Costantini TW, Morishita K, Eliceiri BP, Coimbra R. Modulating the Biologic Activity of Mesenteric Lymph after Traumatic Shock Decreases Systemic Inflammation and End Organ Injury. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168322. [PMID: 27977787 PMCID: PMC5158049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Trauma/hemorrhagic shock (T/HS) causes the release of pro-inflammatory mediators into the mesenteric lymph (ML), triggering a systemic inflammatory response and acute lung injury (ALI). Direct and pharmacologic vagal nerve stimulation prevents gut barrier failure and alters the biologic activity of ML after injury. We hypothesize that treatment with a pharmacologic vagal agonist after T/HS would attenuate the biologic activity of ML and prevent ALI. Methods ML was collected from male Sprague-Dawley rats after T/HS, trauma-sham shock (T/SS) or T/HS with administration of the pharmacologic vagal agonist CPSI-121. ML samples from each experimental group were injected into naïve mice to assess biologic activity. Blood samples were analyzed for changes in STAT3 phosphorylation (pSTAT3). Lung injury was characterized by histology, permeability and immune cell recruitment. Results T/HS lymph injected in naïve mice caused a systemic inflammatory response characterized by hypotension and increased circulating monocyte pSTAT3 activity. Injection of T/HS lymph also resulted in ALI, confirmed by histology, lung permeability and increased recruitment of pulmonary macrophages and neutrophils to lung parenchyma. CPSI-121 attenuated T/HS lymph-induced systemic inflammatory response and ALI with stable hemodynamics and similar monocyte pSTAT3 levels, lung histology, lung permeability and lung immune cell recruitment compared to animals injected with lymph from T/SS. Conclusion Treatment with CPSI-121 after T/HS attenuated the biologic activity of the ML and decreased ALI. Given the superior clinical feasibility of utilizing a pharmacologic approach to vagal nerve stimulation, CPSI-121 is a potential treatment strategy to limit end organ dysfunction after injury.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Lung Injury/metabolism
- Acute Lung Injury/pathology
- Acute Lung Injury/prevention & control
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hydrazones/therapeutic use
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation/prevention & control
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Lymph/drug effects
- Lymph/immunology
- Lymph/metabolism
- Lymphatic Vessels/drug effects
- Lymphatic Vessels/metabolism
- Male
- Mesentery/drug effects
- Mesentery/immunology
- Mesentery/metabolism
- Mesentery/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Shock, Hemorrhagic/complications
- Shock, Hemorrhagic/drug therapy
- Shock, Hemorrhagic/immunology
- Shock, Hemorrhagic/metabolism
- Shock, Traumatic/complications
- Shock, Traumatic/drug therapy
- Shock, Traumatic/immunology
- Shock, Traumatic/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Langness
- Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego Health Sciences, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Todd W. Costantini
- Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego Health Sciences, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Koji Morishita
- Division of Acute Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Brian P. Eliceiri
- Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego Health Sciences, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Raul Coimbra
- Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego Health Sciences, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Deng X, Huang R, Wen R, Luo X, Zhou L. [Shengqifuzheng Injection promotes the recovery of B cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissues of mice treated with cyclophosphamide]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2016; 32:1073-1077. [PMID: 27412939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of Shengqifuzheng Injection (SQFZ) on the number recovery of B cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALTs) of mice receiving cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy. Methods BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group, cyclophosphamide (Cy) group and SQFZ group. Mice in Cy group and SQFZ group were injected intraperitoneally with Cy (100 mg/kg), while the control mice were injected with an equal volume of normal saline. Twenty-four hours later, mice in SQFZ group were administrated intragastricly with 1 mL SQFZ once daily for 10 consecutive days, and mice in the other groups were given the same volume of normal saline. Body mass of all the mice was measured every day. Mice were killed on day 10, and the indexes of spleen and thymus were measured. Cell cycles of bone marrow cells and the percentage of B cells in lymphocytes in mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and Peyer's patch (PP) were detected by flow cytometry. In vitro, after being treated with SQFZ, activity of lymphocytes was evaluzed by MTT assay; expression of CD86 on B cell surface was analyzed by flow cytometry; and B cell proliferation was tested by carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-based lymphocyte proliferation assay. Results SQFZ alleviated the loss of body mass caused by Cy and promoted the recovery of thymus indexes, spleen indexes and B cell number in MLN and PP. But it did not alleviate the bone marrow suppression of mice in this condition. In vitro, SQFZ enhanced lymphocyte activity, and improved the activation and proliferation of B cells. Conclusion SQFZ could accelerate the recovery of B cells in GALTs of mice receiving chemotherapy and it might act by promoting B cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangliang Deng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Infinitus Chinese Herbal Immunity Research Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rongrong Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruyan Wen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xia Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lian Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China. *Corresponding author, E-mail:
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Rosenheinrich M, Heine W, Schmühl CM, Pisano F, Dersch P. Natural Killer Cells Mediate Protection against Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in the Mesenteric Lymph Nodes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136290. [PMID: 26296209 PMCID: PMC4546584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cells play a crucial role in the initial defense against bacterial pathogens. The crosstalk between host cells infected with intracellular pathogens and NK cells has been studied intensively, but not much attention has been given to characterize the role of NK cells in the response to extracellular bacterial pathogens such as yersiniae. In this study we used antibody-mediated NK cell depletion to address the importance of this immune cell type in controlling a Y. pseudotuberculosis infection. Analysis of the bacterial counts was used to follow the infection and flow cytometry was performed to characterize the composition and dynamic of immune cells. Depletion of NK cells led to higher bacterial loads within the mesenteric lymph nodes. We further show that in particular CD11b+ CD27+ NK cells which express higher levels of the activation marker CD69 increase within the mesenteric lymph nodes during a Y. pseudotuberculosis infection. Moreover, in response to the activation NK cells secrete higher levels of IFNy, which in turn triggers the production of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα. These results suggest, that NK cells aid in the clearance of Y. pseudotuberculosis infections mainly by triggering the expression of proinflammatory cytokines manipulating the host immune response.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Immunophenotyping
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/microbiology
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/microbiology
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphocyte Count
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/microbiology
- Macrophages/pathology
- Mesentery/immunology
- Mesentery/microbiology
- Mesentery/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Neutrophils/microbiology
- Neutrophils/pathology
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/microbiology
- Spleen/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/microbiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/pathology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/immunology
- Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infections/immunology
- Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infections/microbiology
- Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infections/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Rosenheinrich
- Department of Molecular Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wiebke Heine
- Department of Molecular Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Carina M. Schmühl
- Department of Molecular Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Fabio Pisano
- Department of Molecular Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Petra Dersch
- Department of Molecular Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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11
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Filippova LV, Nozdrachev AD. [Participation of peripheral sensory structures of autonomic nervous system in the mechanisms of neuroimmune interactions]. Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova 2014; 100:1138-1151. [PMID: 25697022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of the electrophysiological research carried out with immunohystochemical methods on rats, it is found, that introduction of products of mast cell degranulation into blood as well as endogenous release of mast cell mediators with either the compound 48/80 or introduction of egg albumin to presensitized rats, enhances activity of mesenteric afferent nerve fibers. The obtained data provide evidence that intestinal afferents contribute an early signal to the brain regarding potential pathogens. The question of whether or not the intrinsic enteric neurons are involved in these processes, however, has not been carefully studied. So we investigated this problem and found that the enteric neurons express receptor of innate immunity TLR4 and nociceptive vanilloid receptor TRPV1, by means ofimmunohistochemical method. The analysis of neurons distribution revealed that vanilloid receptors are expressed by neurons localized mainly in myenteric plexus whereas TLR4-immunoreactive neurons generally are present in submucous plexus. It is also established coexpression of both receptors in the single intrinsic enteric neuron. In conclusion, our findings indicate that sensory terminals of external afferent fibers as well as intrinsic neurons of intestine can modulate reactions of the organism to endotoxins and thus may be involved in reception of inflammatory and immune responses.
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12
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Miszczyk E, Walencka M, Rudnicka K, Matusiak A, Rudnicka W, Chmiela M. Antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation as a marker of immune response in guinea pigs with sustained Helicobacter pylori infection. Acta Biochim Pol 2014; 61:295-303. [PMID: 24918491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria are human pathogens causing symptomatic gastritis, peptic ulcer or gastric cancer. Little is known about the kinetics of immune responses in H. pylori infected patients because the initial moment of infection has not been identified. Various animal models are used to investigate the immune processes related to H. pylori infection. In this study we checked whether H. pylori infection in guinea pigs, mimicking natural H. pylori infection in humans, resulted in the development of specific immune responses to H. pylori antigens by measuring the proliferation of lymphocytes localized in mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen and peripheral blood. The maturity of macrophages and cytokines, delivered by monocyte-macrophage lineage or lymphocytes, were considered as mediators, which might influence the lymphocyte blastogenic response. The obtained results showed the activation of T cells localized in mesenteric lymph nodes by H. pylori antigens in H. pylori infected guinea pigs four weeks postinfection. The blastogenic activity of lymphocytes was shaped by their interaction with antigen presenting cells, which were present in the cell cultures during the whole culture period. Moreover, the balance between cytokines derived from adherent leukocytes including interleukin 8--IL-8 as well as interferon gamma--IFN-γ, and transforming growth factor beta--TGF-β delivered by lymphocytes, was probably important for the successful proliferation of lymphocytes. The H. pylori specific lymphocytes were not propagated in peripheral blood and spleen of H. pylori infected animals. The modulation of immunocompetent cells by H. pylori antigens or their different distribution cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Miszczyk
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Maria Walencka
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Karolina Rudnicka
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Matusiak
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Wiesława Rudnicka
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chmiela
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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13
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Melekhin SV, Chetvertnykh VA, Chunareva MV. [Structural changes and cellular composition of the mesenterial lymph nodes in mice of first generation after parental exposure to radiation]. Morfologiia 2014; 146:31-36. [PMID: 25552084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Changes of the structure and cellular composition of mesenterial lymph nodes were studied in 93 outbred albino mice born from parents exposed to 0.3 and 3.0 Gy of the ionizing radiation, after single intraperitoneal immunization of the offspring with sheep erythrocytes. The changes (lymphoid tissue hypoplasia with the reduction of lymphocyte and plasma cell numbers, increase of apoptotic cell, macrophage and reticular cell numbers, as well as cell detritis volume) were more pronounced after an exposure to high-dose radiation. The outgrowth of node stroma, circulatory disturbances and tissue edema were observed. The processes of lymphoid tissue reduction in the cortex affected the medullary structure, finally resulting in the early lymph node involution, that reflected the changes in the general adaptation and defense reactions of the whole immune system.
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14
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Huang B, Huang S, Chen Y, Zheng H, Shen J, Lun ZR, Wang Y, Kasper LH, Lu F. Mast cells modulate acute toxoplasmosis in murine models. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77327. [PMID: 24146978 PMCID: PMC3797692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of mast cells (MCs) in Toxoplasma gondii infection is poorly known. Kunming outbred mice were infected intraperitoneally with RH strain T. gondii, either treated with compound 48/80 (C48/80, MC activator) or disodium cromoglycate (DSCG, MC inhibitor). Compared with infected controls, infected mice treated with C48/80 exhibited significantly increased inflammation in the liver (P < 0.01), spleen (P < 0.05), and mesentery (P < 0.05) tissues, higher parasite burden in the peritoneal lavage fluids (P < 0.01), and increased levels of mRNA transcripts of T. gondii tachyzoite surface antigen 1 (SAG1) gene in the spleen and liver tissues (P < 0.01), accompanied with significantly increased Th1 cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-12p40, and TNF-α) (P < 0.01) and decreased IL-10 (P < 0.01) mRNA expressions in the liver, and increased IFN-γ (P < 0.01) and IL-12p40 (P < 0.01) but decreased TNF-α (P < 0.01) and IL-4 (P < 0.01) in the spleens of infected mice treated with C48/80 at day 9-10 p.i. Whereas mice treated with DSCG had significantly decreased tissue lesions (P < 0.01), lower parasite burden in the peritoneal lavage fluids (P < 0.01) and decreased SAG1 expressions in the spleen and liver tissues (P < 0.01), accompanied with significantly increased IFN-γ (P < 0.01) and IL-12p40 (P < 0.05) in the liver, and decreased IFN-γ (P < 0.05) and TNF-α (P < 0.01) in the spleens; IL-4 and IL-10 expressions in both the spleen and liver were significantly increased (P < 0.01) in the infected mice treated with DSCG. These findings suggest that mediators associated with the MC activation may play an important role in modulating acute inflammatory pathogenesis and parasite clearance during T. gondii infection in this strain of mice. Thus, MC activation/inhibition mechanisms are potential novel targets for the prevention and control of T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiguang Huang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanqin Zheng
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jilong Shen
- The Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhao-Rong Lun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Center for Parasitic Organisms, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lloyd H. Kasper
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Fangli Lu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail:
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15
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Hughes EL, Cover PO, Buckingham JC, Gavins FNE. Role and interactions of annexin A1 and oestrogens in the manifestation of sexual dimorphisms in cerebral and systemic inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 169:539-53. [PMID: 22897118 PMCID: PMC3682703 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Gender differences in inflammation are well described, with females often showing more robust, oestrogen-associated responses. Here, we investigated the influence of gender, oestrogen and the anti-inflammatory protein annexin A1 (AnxA1) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in murine cerebral and mesenteric microvascular beds. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Intravital microscopy was used to visualize and quantify the effects of LPS (10 μg·per mouse i.p.) on leukocyte-endothelial interactions in male and female wild-type (WT) mice. The effects of ovariectomy ± oestrogen replacement were examined in WT and AnxA1-null (AnxA1(-/-) ) female mice. KEY RESULTS LPS increased leukocyte adherence in the cerebral and mesenteric beds of both male and female WT mice; females showed exacerbated responses in the brain versus males, but not the mesentery. Ovariectomy further enhanced LPS-induced adhesion in the brain but not the mesentery; its effects were reversed by oestrogen treatment. OVX AnxA1(-/-) mice also showed exaggerated adhesive responses to LPS in the brain. However, these were unresponsive to ovariectomy and, paradoxically, responded to oestrogen with a pronounced increase in basal and LPS-induced leukocyte adhesion in the cerebrovasculature. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data confirm the fundamental role of AnxA1 in limiting the inflammatory response in the central and peripheral microvasculature. They also (i) show that oestrogen acts via an AnxA1-dependent mechanism to protect the cerebral, but not the mesenteric, vasculature from the damaging effects of LPS and (ii) reveal a paradoxical and potentially toxic effect of the steroid in potentiating the central response to LPS in the absence of AnxA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen L Hughes
- Wolfson Neuroscience Laboratories, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Patricia O Cover
- Wolfson Neuroscience Laboratories, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Julia C Buckingham
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
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16
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Liu Y, Fatheree NY, Dingle BM, Tran DQ, Rhoads JM. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 changes the frequency of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the intestine and mesenteric lymph node in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56547. [PMID: 23437165 PMCID: PMC3577854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory disease of the intestine in premature infants. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 improves survival and reduces the incidence and severity of NEC in a rodent model. Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain intestinal homeostasis by controlling inflammation and inducing tolerance. To determine whether there are insufficient numbers of Tregs to control inflammation in NEC and to determine if LR17938 increases the frequency of Tregs, we studied selected groups of newborn Sprague-Dawley rats according to feeding plan: dam±LR17938, formula±LR17938, and NEC±LR17938. NEC was induced by gavage feeding with special formula and exposure to hypoxic conditions. Lymphocytes isolated from ileum, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), spleen and thymus were labeled for T cell surface markers (CD3, CD4, CD8) and intracellular Foxp3; and labeled cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentage of CD3+ T cells and Foxp3+ Tregs in the ileum significantly decreased in pups with NEC, compared to normal controls. Feeding LR17938 to neonatal rats with NEC increased the % of Foxp3+ T cells in the ileum while decreasing the percentage of cells in the MLN. Administration of LR17938 to dam-fed rats significantly increased Foxp3+Tregs in the ileum as early as day of life (DOL)1 but did not produce an increase in Tregs in formula-fed rats on DOL1. These results suggest that factors in breast milk may enhance the early immunomodulatory effects of LR17938. An anti-inflammatory effect of LR17938 in NEC was associated with the modulation of immune responses and induction and what appears to be migration of Foxp3+ Tregs to the diseased gut. Probiotic-facilitated development of Tregs might play an important role in the prevention of NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liu
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nicole Y. Fatheree
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bridgette M. Dingle
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dat Q. Tran
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jon Marc Rhoads
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Grigorenko DE, Aminova GG, Vasianina KA. [Morpho functional state of the peripheral organs of the immune system in rats after the hypokinesia and in the period of rehabilitation]. Morfologiia 2013; 144:47-51. [PMID: 24707740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Using the quantitative methods, the remodeling of the cytoarchitectonics of the morpho-functional zones in the grouped lymphoid nodules (GLN) or Peyer's patches and in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were studied in 30 rats after 30-day-long exposure to hypokinesia and during the period of rehabilitation (30 days after hypokinesia discontinuation). It was found that following the hypokinesia the germinal centers in lymphoid nodules in GLN retained the lymphocytopoiesis, while in the internodular zone the proportion of immature cells was increased and plasma cells appeared. In the similar structural zones of MLN, the complete suppression of lymphocytopoiesis and T-cell maturation was noted. During the rehabilitation period, the cytoarchitectonic indexes recovery was more pronounced in GLN than in MLN. However, the quantitative parameters of their cellular composition did not reach the values found in the group of intact of animals.
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18
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Wu Q, Sun X, Chi R, Xu L, Li X, Feng J, Chen H. RORγt modulates macrophage recruitment during a hydrocarbon oil-induced inflammation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79497. [PMID: 24260235 PMCID: PMC3829825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrocarbon oils are often utilized as adjuvants in vaccines. In response to naturally occurring hydrocarbon oils, inflammation is initiated and persists with the continuous recruitment of immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils. However, the mechanism underlying the chronic inflammation in response to hydrocarbon oils is not fully defined. In this study, we revealed an essential role of retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) in sustaining the recruitment of macrophages following pristane treatment. RORγt absence resulted in the incompetent formation of mesenteric oil granulomas which may associate to a reduction in the migration of macrophages into the mesentery during pristane-induced inflammation. This is at least partially dependent on the expression of the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the mesentery and the decrease in the macrophage reservoir in the spleen. However, the absence of RORγt had no impact on the recruitment of neutrophils to the mesentery after pristane treatment. Our data uncovered an important role of RORγt in the recruitment of macrophages during hydrocarbon oil-induced chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruo Chi
- Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Long Xu
- Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Li
- Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Respiratory Department of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (HC); (JF)
| | - Huaiyong Chen
- Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (HC); (JF)
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19
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Chae CS, Kwon HK, Hwang JS, Kim JE, Im SH. Prophylactic effect of probiotics on the development of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52119. [PMID: 23284891 PMCID: PMC3527378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are live bacteria that confer health benefits to the host physiology. Although protective role of probiotics have been reported in diverse diseases, no information is available whether probiotics can modulate neuromuscular immune disorders. We have recently demonstrated that IRT5 probiotics, a mixture of 5 probiotics, could suppress diverse experimental disorders in mice model. In this study we further investigated whether IRT5 probiotics could modulate the progression of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a T cell dependent antibody mediated autoimmune disorder in which acetylcholine receptor (AChR) at the neuromuscular junction is the major auto-antigen. Oral administration of IRT5 probiotics significantly reduced clinical symptoms of EAMG such as weight loss, body trembling and grip strength. Prophylactic effect of IRT5 probiotics on EMAG is mediated by down-regulation of effector function of AChR-reactive T cells and B cells. Administration of IRT5 probiotics decreased AChR-reactive lymphocyte proliferation, anti-AChR reactive IgG levels and inflammatory cytokine levels such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17. Down-regulation of inflammatory mediators in AChR-reactive lymphocytes by IRT5 probiotics is mediated by the generation of regulatory dendritic cells (rDCs) that express increased levels of IL-10, TGF-β, arginase 1 and aldh1a2. Furthermore, DCs isolated from IRT5 probiotics-fed group effectively converted CD4+ T cells into CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells compared with control DCs. Our data suggest that IRT5 probiotics could be applicable to modulate antibody mediated autoimmune diseases including myasthenia gravis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Suk Chae
- School of Life Sciences and Immune Synapse Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Buk-gu, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ho-Keun Kwon
- School of Life Sciences and Immune Synapse Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Buk-gu, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Hwang
- School of Life Sciences and Immune Synapse Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Buk-gu, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Immune Synapse Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Buk-gu, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- School of Life Sciences and Immune Synapse Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Buk-gu, Gwangju, Korea
- * E-mail:
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20
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Tamoutounour S, Henri S, Lelouard H, de Bovis B, de Haar C, van der Woude CJ, Woltman AM, Reyal Y, Bonnet D, Sichien D, Bain CC, Mowat AM, Reis e Sousa C, Poulin LF, Malissen B, Guilliams M. CD64 distinguishes macrophages from dendritic cells in the gut and reveals the Th1-inducing role of mesenteric lymph node macrophages during colitis. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:3150-66. [PMID: 22936024 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) and monocyte-derived macrophages (MΦs) are key components of intestinal immunity. However, the lack of surface markers differentiating MΦs from DCs has hampered understanding of their respective functions. Here, we demonstrate that, using CD64 expression, MΦs can be distinguished from DCs in the intestine of both mice and humans. On that basis, we revisit the phenotype of intestinal DCs in the absence of contaminating MΦs and we delineate a developmental pathway in the healthy intestine that leads from newly extravasated Ly-6C(hi) monocytes to intestinal MΦs. We determine how inflammation impacts this pathway and show that T cell-mediated colitis is associated with massive recruitment of monocytes to the intestine and the mesenteric lymph node (MLN). There, these monocytes differentiate into inflammatory MΦs endowed with phagocytic activity and the ability to produce inducible nitric oxide synthase. In the MLNs, inflammatory MΦs are located in the T-cell zone and trigger the induction of proinflammatory T cells. Finally, T cell-mediated colitis develops irrespective of intestinal DC migration, an unexpected finding supporting an important role for MLN-resident inflammatory MΦs in the etiology of T cell-mediated colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Tamoutounour
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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21
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Bou Ghanem EN, Jones GS, Myers-Morales T, Patil PD, Hidayatullah AN, D'Orazio SEF. InlA promotes dissemination of Listeria monocytogenes to the mesenteric lymph nodes during food borne infection of mice. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1003015. [PMID: 23166492 PMCID: PMC3499570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal Listeria monocytogenes infection is not efficient in mice and this has been attributed to a low affinity interaction between the bacterial surface protein InlA and E-cadherin on murine intestinal epithelial cells. Previous studies using either transgenic mice expressing human E-cadherin or mouse-adapted L. monocytogenes expressing a modified InlA protein (InlA(m)) with high affinity for murine E-cadherin showed increased efficiency of intragastric infection. However, the large inocula used in these studies disseminated to the spleen and liver rapidly, resulting in a lethal systemic infection that made it difficult to define the natural course of intestinal infection. We describe here a novel mouse model of oral listeriosis that closely mimics all phases of human disease: (1) ingestion of contaminated food, (2) a distinct period of time during which L. monocytogenes colonize only the intestines, (3) varying degrees of systemic spread in susceptible vs. resistant mice, and (4) late stage spread to the brain. Using this natural feeding model, we showed that the type of food, the time of day when feeding occurred, and mouse gender each affected susceptibility to L. monocytogenes infection. Co-infection studies using L. monocytogenes strains that expressed either a high affinity ligand for E-cadherin (InlA(m)), a low affinity ligand (wild type InlA from Lm EGDe), or no InlA (ΔinlA) showed that InlA was not required to establish intestinal infection in mice. However, expression of InlA(m) significantly increased bacterial persistence in the underlying lamina propria and greatly enhanced dissemination to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Thus, these studies revealed a previously uncharacterized role for InlA in facilitating systemic spread via the lymphatic system after invasion of the gut mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sarah E. F. D'Orazio
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Pattacini L, Mize GJ, Graham JB, Fluharty TR, Graham TM, Lingnau K, Wizel B, Perdiguero B, Esteban M, Pantaleo G, Shen M, Spies GA, McElrath MJ, Lund JM. A novel HIV vaccine adjuvanted by IC31 induces robust and persistent humoral and cellular immunity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42163. [PMID: 22848738 PMCID: PMC3405041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV vaccine strategy that, to date, generated immune protection consisted of a prime-boost regimen using a canarypox vector and an HIV envelope protein with alum, as shown in the RV144 trial. Since the efficacy was weak, and previous HIV vaccine trials designed to generate antibody responses failed, we hypothesized that generation of T cell responses would result in improved protection. Thus, we tested the immunogenicity of a similar envelope-based vaccine using a mouse model, with two modifications: a clade C CN54gp140 HIV envelope protein was adjuvanted by the TLR9 agonist IC31®, and the viral vector was the vaccinia strain NYVAC-CN54 expressing HIV envelope gp120. The use of IC31® facilitated immunoglobulin isotype switching, leading to the production of Env-specific IgG2a, as compared to protein with alum alone. Boosting with NYVAC-CN54 resulted in the generation of more robust Th1 T cell responses. Moreover, gp140 prime with IC31® and alum followed by NYVAC-CN54 boost resulted in the formation and persistence of central and effector memory populations in the spleen and an effector memory population in the gut. Our data suggest that this regimen is promising and could improve the protection rate by eliciting strong and long-lasting humoral and cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pattacini
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gregory J. Mize
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jessica B. Graham
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Tayler R. Fluharty
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Tisha M. Graham
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | | | - Beatriz Perdiguero
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine and Swiss Vaccine Research Institute, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mingchao Shen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Spies
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Lund
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Dagleish MP, Finlayson J, Steele PJ, Pang Y, Hamilton S, Eaton SL, Sales J, González L, Chianini F. Immunophenotype of cells within cervine rectoanal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and mesenteric lymph nodes. J Comp Pathol 2011; 146:365-71. [PMID: 22000034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rectoanal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (RAMALT) is a part of the lymphoid system that can be sampled easily in live animals, especially ruminants. RAMALT biopsy is useful for the diagnosis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, including scrapie in sheep and goats and chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids. Diagnosis is reliant on detection of abnormal prion protein (PrP(d)), which is associated with lymphoid follicles. For enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) detecting PrP(d) it is necessary to ensure that lymphoid follicles are present in biopsy samples to avoid false-negative results. Monoclonal antibodies known to recognize specific immune cell subsets present in lymphoid tissues of sheep were tested for cross-reactivity with cervine RAMALT and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) preserved in zinc salts fixative. The distribution of cells expressing CD3, CD4, CD79, CD21 and class II molecules of the major histocompatibility complex was determined in these tissues. Cells of each immunophenotype had similar distributions in RAMALT and MLNs and these distributions were similar to those reported previously for sheep and cattle. The identification and validation of cervine lymphoid follicle cell markers (CD79 and CD21) may allow reduction in false-negative results during diagnosis of CWD by ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Dagleish
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Near Edinburgh, EH26 0PZ, UK.
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Wohlauer M, Moore E, Harr J, Eun J, Fragoso M, Banerjee A, Silliman CC. Cross-transfusion of postshock mesenteric lymph provokes acute lung injury. J Surg Res 2011; 170:314-8. [PMID: 21550053 PMCID: PMC3154326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Substantial investigation has implicated mesenteric lymph as the mechanistic link between gut ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and distant organ injury. Specifically, lymph diversion prevents acute lung injury (ALI) in vitro, and bioactive lipids and proteins isolated from postshock mesenteric lymph (PSML) maintain bioactivity in vitro. However, Koch's postulates remain to be satisfied via direct cross-transfusion into a naïve animal. We therefore hypothesized that real time cross-transfusion of postshock mesenteric lymph provokes acute lung injury. METHODS One set of Sprague-Dawley rats (lymph donors) was anesthetized, with the mesenteric lymph ducts cannulated and exteriorized to drain freely into a siliconates plastic cup; concurrently, a second group of rats ( lymph recipients) was anesthetized, with a cannula inserted into the animal's right internal jugular vein. Blood was removed from the donor rats to induce hemorrhagic shock (MAP of 35 mmHg × 45 min). The recipient rats were positioned 10 cm below the plastic cup, which emptied into the jugular vein cannula. Thus, mesenteric lymph from the shocked donor rat was delivered to the recipient rat at the rate generated during shock and the subsequent 3 h of resuscitation. RESULTS Neutrophil (PMN) accumulation in the lungs was substantially elevated in the postshock lymph cross-transfusion group compared to both sham lymph cross-transfusion and instrumented control (MPO: 9.42 ± 1.55 versus 2.81 ± 0.82 U/mg lung tissue in postshock versus sham lymph cross-transfusion, n = 6 in each group, P = 0.02). Additionally, cross-transfusion of PSML induced oxidative stress in the lung (0.21 ± 0.03 versus 0.10 ± 0.01 micromoles MDA per mg lung tissue in lymph cross-transfusion versus instrumented control, n = 6 in each group, P = 0.046). Furthermore, transfusion of PSML provoked lung injury (BAL protein 0.77 ± 0.18 versus 0.15 ± 0.02 mg/mL protein in BALF, postshock versus sham lymph cross-transfusion, n = 6 in each group, P = 0.004). CONCLUSION Cross-transfusion of PSML into a naïve animal leads to PMN accumulation and provokes ALI. These data provide evidence that postshock agents released into mesenteric lymph are capable of provoking distant organ injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Wohlauer
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO
| | - E. Moore
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO
- Department of Surgery, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO
| | - J. Harr
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO
| | - J. Eun
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO
| | - M. Fragoso
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO
| | - A. Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO
| | - CC Silliman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO
- Research Department, Bonfils Blood Center, Denver, CO
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Yu WL, Fu Q, Cui NQ. [Relation of mesenteric lymph node and innate immune function in septic rats]. Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue 2011; 23:271-274. [PMID: 21549063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes in T helper cells (Th1 and Th2) of mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and blood Th1 and Th2 cells in septic rats. METHODS Ninety-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups according to random number table method: sham operation group and model group. Intra-abdominal infection with sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Eight rats in each group were sacrificed after collection of blood samples and MLN samples at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after CLP. The ratio of Th1/Th2 and the percentage of regulatory T cell (Treg) in CD4+ T cells in blood and MLN were respectively determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS In model group, the ratio of Th1/Th2 in abdominal aorta blood increased significantly at 6 hours and reached summit at 12 hours, then it decreased persistently, and when compared with sham group, the ratio of Th1/Th2 was significantly higher at 6, 12, 24 hours (0.82±0.15 vs. 0.60±0.22, 1.23±0.44 vs. 0.76±0.31, 0.85±0.25 vs. 0.66±0.32) and lower at 72 hours (0.41±0.16 vs. 0.59±0.13, P<0.05 or P<0.01). The ratio of Th1/Th2 in MLN of model group reached summit at 6 hours, then decreased significantly, and when compared with sham group, the ratio of Th1/Th2 was significantly higher at 6 hours (1.01±0.16 vs. 0.52±0.13) and lower at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours (0.34±0.11 vs. 0.53±0.09, 0.23±0.08 vs. 0.51±0.09, 0.17±0.07 vs. 0.47±0.15, 0.16±0.06 vs. 0.53±0.11, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with sham group, the percentage of Treg in MLN of model group was increased at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after CLP (9.62±0.69 vs. 7.65±0.67, 9.84±0.74 vs. 8.08±1.06, 10.95±2.09 vs. 7.83±1.15, 10.81±1.34 vs. 8.35±1.12, P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was a negative correlation between the ratio of Th1/Th2 and the percentage of Treg in MLN (r=-0.882, P<0.05). CONCLUSION Cellular immune function of MLN is suppressed during severe intra-abdominal infection, which induces translocation of gut-derived endotoxin to mesenteric lymphatics, resulting in corporal immuno-suppression, with manifestation of Th1/Th2 cell shift. Immuno-suppression of MLN is related to a higher percentage of Treg due to the effect of endotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-li Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
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Zhao W, Tong T, Wang L, Li PP, Chang Y, Zhang LL, Wei W. Chicken type II collagen induced immune tolerance of mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes by enhancing beta2-adrenergic receptor desensitization in rats with collagen-induced arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 11:12-8. [PMID: 20955833 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chicken type II collagen (CCII) is a protein extracted from the cartilage of chicken breast and exhibits intriguing possibilities for the treatment of autoimmune diseases by inducing oral tolerance. In this study, we investigated the effects of CCII on inflammatory and immune responses to the mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes (MLNLs) and the mechanisms by which CCII regulates beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2-AR) signal transduction in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. The onset of secondary arthritis in rats appeared around day 14 after injection of CCII emulsion. Remarkable secondary inflammatory response and lymphocytes proliferation were observed in CIA rats. The administration of CCII (10, 20, 40μgkg(-1)day(-1), days 15-22) could significantly reduce synovial hyperplasia, lymphatic follicle hyperplasia, inflammatory cells infiltration of MLNLs in CIA rats. CCII (10, 20, 40μgkg(-1)day(-1), days 15-22) restored the previously decreased level of cAMP of MLNLs of CIA rats. Meanwhile, CCII increased total protein expressions of beta2-AR, GRK2 and decreased that of beta-arrestin1, 2 of MLNLs in CIA rats but had an slight effect on GRK3. CCII further increased plasmatic protein expressions of GRK2, G(α)s and decreased that of beta-arrestin1, 2, beta2-AR, and increased membrane protein expressions of beta2-AR, GRK2, G(α)s and decreased that of beta-arrestin1, 2 of MLNLs in CIA rats. These results demonstrate that the mechanisms of CCII on beta2-AR desensitization and beta2-AR-AC-cAMP transmembrane signal transduction of MLNLs play crucial roles in pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, China.
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Abstract
Granuloma formation is an inflammatory response of the host against invading pathogens or indigestible substances. We generated mesenteric oil granulomas by injecting pristane into the peritoneal cavity (PC) of mice, and compared oil granuloma formation in the C57BL/6J and BALB/cByJ strains of mice. The formation and kinetics of oil granulomas were distinct between the two strains. In C57BL/6J mice, injected pristane induced oil granuloma formation at both the mesenteric centers (MG) and margins (SG). MG was resolving by 11 weeks, and SG persisted. In BALB/cByJ mice, MG developed slower but persisted longer than in C57BL/6J mice, and SG resolved sooner than in C57BL/6J mice. Injection of India ink revealed that phagocytes were localised mainly to the SG in C57BL/6J mice, but were located diffusely in both MG and SG of BALB/cByJ mice. SG cells expressed more monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA than MG cells in C57BL/6J mice, but there was no difference in MCP-1 expression between the MG and SG in BALB/cByJ mice. These observations suggest that the recruitment of inflammatory leucocytes under the direction of chemokines differentiates the patterns of granuloma responses to pristane in C57BL/6J and BALB/cByJ mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyong Chen
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA
| | - Dongmei Liao
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA
| | - Derek Cain
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA
| | - Ian McLeod
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Ueda
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA
| | - Ziqiang Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke UniversityDurham, NC, USA
| | | | - Garnett Kelsoe
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC, USA
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Pugach PV. [Structure of the cranial mesenteric lymph nodes in newborn rats under normal conditions and after prenatal exposure to ethanol]. Morfologiia 2010; 137:32-36. [PMID: 21513103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present research was to study the peculiarities of topography and structure of cranial mesenteric lymph nodes of newborn rats that were prenatally exposed to ethanol during their development. Female rats received 15% ethanol solution for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 months preceding pregnancy and throughout it. Morphometric and routine histological methods were used. The number of lymph nodes and their cross-sectional area in the newborn rats were changed depending on the duration of maternal pregravid ethanol exposure. The minimum values of these parameters were found in rats born to females that were exposed to ethanol for three months. With the increase of ethanol exposure duration, lymph node numbers and their cross-sectional areas were increasing too. The largest numbers of lymph nodes was observed in rats born to females exposed to ethanol for four months, while the maximum cross-sectional areas was found in rats born to mothers after six month-long ethanol exposure.
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Ivanova EA. [Peculiarities of germinal center cytoarchitectonics in lymphoid nodules of rat mesenteric lymph nodes after the exposure to an acute stress]. Morfologiia 2010; 137:21-25. [PMID: 21500427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to study the processes of recovery occurring in the germinal centers of lymphoid nodules in the mesenteric lymph node cortex, after the exposure to an acute emotional stress. The experiments were conducted on male Wistar rats, which were divided into the groups of behaviorally active (stress-resistant) and passive (stress-prone) animals, using the <<Open field>> test. As a model of acute emotional stress, 1-hour-long immobilization of the animals in plexiglass boxes with a simultaneous electrical stimulation of the back, was used. The most pronounced changes in cellular composition of the zones studied occurred during the acute period of stress, as compared to those at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after the exposure. In behaviorally active rats, the increase in the number lymphoid cells was observed at day 1 following the cessation of stress, while in stress-prone rats, it was found at day 7.
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Pabst O, Wahl B, Bernhardt G, Hammerschmidt SI. Mesenteric lymph node stroma cells in the generation of intestinal immune responses. J Mol Med (Berl) 2009; 87:945-51. [PMID: 19649572 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-009-0502-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lymph nodes at different anatomical locations share similar architecture and operate on the basis of identical principles. Still, the quality of immune responses is modified substantially by the local peculiarities at the site of its induction. Here, we discuss how lymph node stroma cells contribute to functional differences between various lymph nodes, thus helping to explain why and how an immune response induced in skin draining peripheral lymph nodes differs from that elicited in the gut draining mesenteric lymph nodes. Stroma cells constitute a major part of the lymph node scaffold and control the flow of immune cells as well as soluble substances within the organ. Moreover, stroma cells express cytokines, chemokines as well as adhesion factors and thereby actively influence immune status. Lymph node transplantations and adoptive transfers of dendritic cells demonstrated that regional lymph node stroma cells differ in their ability to support mucosal tolerance, the induction of tissue tropism, and humoral immunity. This suggests that stroma cells shape tissue-specific immune responses and equip lymph nodes with unique functional properties that might originate during lymph node organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Pabst
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Brugman S, Visser JTJ, Hillebrands JL, Bos NA, Rozing J. Prolonged exclusive breastfeeding reduces autoimmune diabetes incidence and increases regulatory T-cell frequency in bio-breeding diabetes-prone rats. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2009; 25:380-7. [PMID: 19334008 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we reported that exclusive breastfeeding delayed and partially protected bio-breeding diabetes-prone (BBDP) rats from spontaneous autoimmune diabetes development. To investigate whether this protection results from modulation of the (mucosal) immune system, the present study was designed to analyse the effect of nutrition early in life on the immune status of BBDP rats. METHODS The breastfeeding period of BBDP pups was extended or not, while allowing half of the pups to eat during that period whereas the other half received only breast milk. Cytokine profiles as well as naturally occurring regulatory T-cell frequencies were measured over time in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and spleen. RESULTS Prolonged exclusive breastfeeding partially protects against autoimmune diabetes development and resulted in elevated levels of natural regulatory T cells (CD4(+) CD25(+) FoxP3(+)) in MLNs and spleen directly after weaning and throughout life. Stimulation of MLN cells from rats that ingested solid food during the nursing period showed massive secretion of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10, whereas MLN cells from exclusive breastfed rats did not. In contrast, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ss) was secreted equally by all groups. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged exclusive breastfeeding partially protects BBDP rats from autoimmune diabetes development. Interestingly, ingestion of solid food during the weaning period completely abolishes this protective effect. The protective effect of exclusive breastfeeding correlates with higher levels of naturally occurring regulatory T cells throughout life and low cytokine secretion at weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Brugman
- Department Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor occurring at intra-abdominal sites in children has rarely been described. In the abdomen, mesentery is a rare location for an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. CASE REPORT A case report of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of mesentery presenting as painless abdominal swelling is presented. Histopathological study of specimen documented the diagnosis. Complete resection of tumor was done with no recurrence seen in follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Wani
- Post Graduate Department of Surgery, S.M.H.S Hospital, Shodi Gali, Amira Kadal, Srinagar, Kashmir, India, 190009.
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Cupedo T, Crellin NK, Papazian N, Rombouts EJ, Weijer K, Grogan JL, Fibbe WE, Cornelissen JJ, Spits H. Human fetal lymphoid tissue-inducer cells are interleukin 17-producing precursors to RORC+ CD127+ natural killer-like cells. Nat Immunol 2009; 10:66-74. [PMID: 19029905 DOI: 10.1038/ni.1668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 528] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human body contains over 500 individual lymph nodes, yet the biology of their formation is poorly understood. Here we identify human lymphoid tissue-inducer cells (LTi cells) as lineage-negative RORC+ CD127+ cells with the functional ability to interact with mesenchymal cells through lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor. Human LTi cells were committed natural killer (NK) cell precursors that produced interleukin 17 (IL-17) and IL-22. In vitro, LTi cells gave rise to RORC+ CD127+ NK cells that retained the ability to produce IL-17 and IL-22. Postnatally, similar populations of LTi cell-like cells and RORC+ CD127+ NK cells were present in tonsils, and both secreted IL-17 and IL-22 but no interferon-gamma. Our data indicate that lymph node organogenesis is controlled by an NK cell precursor population with adaptive immune features and demonstrate a previously unappreciated link between the innate and adaptive immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Cupedo
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Elgueta R, Sepulveda FE, Vilches F, Vargas L, Mora JR, Bono MR, Rosemblatt M. Imprinting of CCR9 on CD4 T Cells Requires IL-4 Signaling on Mesenteric Lymph Node Dendritic Cells. J Immunol 2008; 180:6501-7. [PMID: 18453568 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.10.6501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raul Elgueta
- Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Kotsiuba AE, Chertok VM, Kotsiuba EP, Babich EV. [Organic features of mast cells cytochemistry in rats]. Tsitologiia 2008; 50:1023-1029. [PMID: 19198540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The mast cells from small intestine mesentery, brain membrane, skin, uterus, wide uterical ligament, ovaries and peritoneal fluid were studied in rats by hystochemical and immunocytochemical technique. Constitutional and inducible NO-synthase, Ca2+-ATPase, cytochromoxidase, and biogenic amines (histamine, dopamine, serotonin) were revealed in mast xells, localized in different tissues. A great number of mast cells with positive cytochromoxidase reaction was presented in skin, intestine mesentery and peritoneal fluid, while the amount of must cells containing biogenic amines was found to be greater in the organs with a significant deal of Ca2+-ATPase and NO-synthase-active cells. The number of degranulating mast cells was lower in the organs with a lack of such cells (skin, wide uterical ligament).
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Davis MJ, Lane MM, Scallan JP, Gashev AA, Zawieja DC. An automated method to control preload by compensation for stress relaxation in spontaneously contracting, isometric rat mesenteric lymphatics. Microcirculation 2007; 14:603-12. [PMID: 17710631 DOI: 10.1080/10739680701436152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to devise a system to automatically correct for stress relaxation of isometric rat mesenteric lymphatics (90-120 microm, ID). Stress relaxation is a particular problem in isometric studies of highly distensible vessels and is evident as a time-dependent, secondary decline in force after an abrupt length increase. Because the phasic contraction pattern of lymphatics is exquisitely sensitive to changes in preload, stress relaxation makes stable contraction patterns difficult to achieve and analyze. METHODS A DMT wire myograph was modified to accommodate an Inchworm piezo stack in series with a standard micrometer drive to permit automated control of vessel caliber/force. The force output of the myograph was digitized and computer algorithms were devised to servo control force by changing vessel diameter. RESULTS The system was tested on passive lymphatics, passive small veins, and lymphatics exhibiting spontaneous force transients. The software was designed to temporarily disable servo control during a spontaneous force transient. For both active and passive lymphatics, stable preloads were very well maintained, indicating that the system was adequately compensating for stress relaxation. CONCLUSIONS The method works well with isometric rat mesenteric lymphatics without disturbing spontaneous activity. It should be applicable to arterial, venous, and lymphatic vessels (80-500 microm in diameter) isolated from other tissues and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA.
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Fazal N, Al-Ghoul WM. Thermal injury-plus-sepsis contributes to a substantial deletion of intestinal mesenteric lymph node CD4 T cell via apoptosis. Int J Biol Sci 2007; 3:393-401. [PMID: 17895960 PMCID: PMC1989035 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.3.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2007] [Accepted: 08/30/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal injury (TI) with septic complications continues to be a serious clinical problem. One of the main concerns in such patients is immunosuppression related to functional derangements in intestinal CD4+ T lymphocytes. Extensive previous studies in thermal injury/septic patients and animal models of thermal injury/sepsis have shown decreased responsiveness of intestinal CD4+ T cells to antigen/mitogen. This hyporesponsiveness could significantly contribute to increase injured host susceptibility to pathogens including those translocating from host's gut lumen. Our previous studies indicated that while thermal injury or sepsis alone lead to suppressed proliferation and IL-2 production of intestinal CD4+ T cells, this study showed a substantial deletion via apoptosis of the Mesenteric Lymph Nodes (MLN) CD4+ T cells. Hence, thermal injury-plus-sepsis contributes not only to suppressed CD4+ T proliferation/IL-2 production but also to a substantial modulation of CD4+ T cell survivability. These findings allow us to conclude that while thermal injury alone can produce attenuated cell mediated responses without an overt change in CD4+ T cell survival, thermal injury with septic complications causes CD4+ T cell death and an irreversible loss of cell-mediated responses. The latter happening could be responsible for high morbidity and mortality in the injured host afflicted with thermal injury plus a critical infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Fazal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL 60628, USA.
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Chung Y, Chang JH, Kim BS, Lee JM, Kim HY, Kang CY. Anatomic location defines antigen presentation by dendritic cells to T cells in response to intravenous soluble antigens. Eur J Immunol 2007; 37:1453-62. [PMID: 17474148 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200636544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the spleen, exogenous antigen is preferentially presented by CD8alpha+CD11b- DC to CD8 T cells and by CD8alpha-CD11b+ DC to CD4 T cells. However, it is not yet clear whether the same rule applies to other secondary lymphoid organs. To address this issue, we first classified secondary lymphoid tissues into three categories based on the expression pattern of CD8alpha and CD11b in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice: (a) spleen, (b) mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and (c) other peripheral lymph nodes (PLN). We then analyzed the OVA-specific T cell-stimulating capacity of each DC subset after intravenous injection with soluble OVA. Our results show that, regardless of tissue origin, CD8alpha-CD11b+ DC generally present OVA to CD4 T cells, a finding that held true as well for CD8alpha+CD11b+ DC in PLN. In striking contrast, CD8alpha+CD11b- DC in spleen, CD8alpha-CD11b+ DC in MLN and CD8alpha+CD11b+ DC in PLN mainly cross-present OVA to CD8 T cells in their respective tissues. Of note, CD8alpha-CD11b+ DC in MLN and CD8alpha+CD11b+ DC in PLN present OVA to both CD4 T and CD8 T cells. Therefore, the antigen-presenting capacity of each distinct DC subset is determined by its anatomic environment in combination with its surface phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonseok Chung
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Eguchi M, Sekiya Y, Kikuchi Y, Takaya A, Yamamoto T, Matsui H. ExpressedSalmonellaantigens within macrophages enhance the proliferation of CD4+and CD8+T lymphocytes by means of bystander dendritic cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 50:411-20. [PMID: 17573927 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2007.00275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ATP-dependent Lon protease-deficient Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (strain CS2022) appeared to invade successfully the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and Peyer's patches (PP) of BALB/c mice and appeared to be easily eradicated by the host after oral immunization. As detected by flow cytometry, the population of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I)-expressing macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) was increased in the PP of mice immunized with CS2022 on day 6 after immunization. Thereafter, the population of splenic surface CD69(+) T lymphocytes prepared from mice immunized with CS2022 6 weeks prior to measurement increased as a result of the administration of the extracellular vesicles of RAW264.7 macrophage-like cells derived by Salmonella challenge. In addition, the proliferation of CD8(+) and even of CD4(+)T cells isolated from mouse spleens immunized with CS2022 was enhanced after cocultivation with naive DCs in the presence of the extracellular vesicles. These findings indicate that the extracellular vesicles prepared from the Salmonella-challenged macrophages carried salmonellae antigens to bystander DCs, thereby stimulating T-cell responses. Therefore, as antigen presentation after phagocytosis should be a central process in the T-cell activation that occurs in response to Salmonella infection, an oral immunization with CS2022 sufficiently induces T cell-mediated immunity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Eguchi
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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40
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Di Martino C, Basset C, Ogier A, Charpilienne A, Poncet D, Kohli E. Distribution and phenotype of rotavirus-specific B cells induced during the antigen-driven primary response to 2/6 virus-like particles administered by the intrarectal and the intranasal routes. J Leukoc Biol 2007; 82:821-8. [PMID: 17652448 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0307173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection of mucosal sites is an important step in mucosal vaccine development. The intrarectal (IR) route represents an alternative to the oral route of immunization; nevertheless, immune responses induced by this route are not well defined. Here, we studied the early primary B cell response (induction, homing, and phenotype) induced by IR immunization with rotavirus (RV)-2/6 virus-like particles (VLP). Using flow cytometry, we traced RV-specific B cells in different lymphoid tissues and analyzed the expression of alpha4beta7 and CCR9, which are important receptors for homing to the gut, as well as CD5, a marker expressed by B1-a cells, which are a major source of natural antibodies. We observed a massive, specific B cell response in rectal follicles, lumbar, and mesenteric lymph nodes but not in Peyer's patches or cervical lymph nodes. A minority of cells expressed alpha4beta7, suggesting a probable lack of migration to the gut, whereas CCR9 and CD5 were expressed by 30-50% and 30-75% of specific B cells, respectively. Then, we compared the intranasal route of immunization and observed similar B cell frequency and phenotype but in respiratory lymphoid tissues. These results confirm the high compartmentalization of B cell responses within the mucosal system. They show that CCR9 expression, conversely to alpha4beta7, is not restricted to B cells induced in the gut. Finally, an important part of the RV-specific B cell response induced at the mucosal level during the primary response to VLP is most likely a result of B1-a cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Di Martino
- Laboratoire des Interactions Muqueuses-Agents transmissibles LIMA, UPR562, UFRs Médecine et Pharmacie, IFR 100 Santé-STIC, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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41
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Nichols LA, Chen Y, Colella TA, Bennett CL, Clausen BE, Engelhard VH. Deletional Self-Tolerance to a Melanocyte/Melanoma Antigen Derived from Tyrosinase Is Mediated by a Radio-Resistant Cell in Peripheral and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes. J Immunol 2007; 179:993-1003. [PMID: 17617591 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.2.993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Self-tolerance to melanocyte differentiation Ags limits the ability to generate therapeutic antimelanoma responses. However, the mechanisms responsible for CD8 T cell tolerance to these Ags are unknown. We have used a newly generated TCR-transgenic mouse to establish the basis of tolerance to one such Ag from tyrosinase. Despite expression of tyrosinase transcripts in the thymus, central deletion does not shape the tyrosinase-specific CD8 T cell repertoire. We demonstrate that this endogenously expressed melanocyte Ag is constitutively presented in both peripheral and mesenteric lymph nodes, leading to abortive activation and deletion of tyrosinase-specific CD8 T cells. Importantly, this Ag is not presented by either radio-sensitive dendritic cells, or by radio-resistant Langerhans cells. Thus, for this endogenous Ag, cross-tolerization does not appear to be an operative mechanism. Instead, we find radioresistant tyrosinase mRNA expression in lymphoid compartments where CD8 T cell deletion occurs. This suggests that direct presentation of tyrosinase by radio-resistant lymph node resident cells is entirely responsible for tolerance to this endogenous melanocyte differentiation Ag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Nichols
- Department of Microbiology and Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Qu C, Srivastava K, Ko J, Zhang TF, Sampson HA, Li XM. Induction of tolerance after establishment of peanut allergy by the food allergy herbal formula-2 is associated with up-regulation of interferon-? Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 37:846-55. [PMID: 17517098 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02718.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanut (PN)-anaphylaxis is potentially life threatening. We previously reported that a Chinese herbal medicine preparation, food allergy herbal formula-2 (FAHF-2), prevented peanut allergy (PNA) in mice when administered during sensitization. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether FAHF-2 also can prevent anaphylactic reactions when administered to mice with established PNA and, if so, whether protection would persist after cessation of therapy. METHODS C3H/HeJ mice sensitized and boosted over 8 weeks with a standard protocol known to establish PN hypersensitivity received seven weeks of FAHF-2 treatment or water as a sham treatment. Mice were subsequently challenged with PN at week 14 (1-day post-therapy) and week 18 (4-week post-therapy) to evaluate the efficacy and persistence of FAHF-2 treatment by assessing anaphylactic scores, core body temperatures and plasma histamine levels. Serum PN-specific antibody levels and cytokine profiles from splenocytes and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells were also determined. RESULTS All sham-treated mice challenged at weeks 14 and 18 showed anaphylactic symptoms. In contrast, FAHF-2-treated mice showed no sign of anaphylactic reactions. PN-specific IgE levels in FAHF-2-treated mice also were reduced whereas IgG2a levels were increased. Furthermore, MLN cells from FAHF-2-treated mice produced markedly less IL-4 and IL-5, but more IFN-gamma, and contained increased numbers of IFN-gamma-producing CD8+ cells as compared with sham-treated mice. CONCLUSION FAHF-2 treatment established PN tolerance in this model, which persisted for at least 4-week post-treatment. This result was associated with modulation of intestinal T helper type 1 cell (Th1) and Th2 cytokine production, and with increased numbers of mesenteric IFN-gamma-producing CD8+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
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43
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Wang Y, Qu L, Uthe JJ, Bearson SMD, Kuhar D, Lunney JK, Couture OP, Nettleton D, Dekkers JCM, Tuggle CK. Global transcriptional response of porcine mesenteric lymph nodes to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Genomics 2007; 90:72-84. [PMID: 17499962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2007.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Revised: 03/20/2007] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the host transcriptional response to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Affymetrix porcine GeneChip analysis of pig mesenteric lymph nodes was used to identify 848 genes showing differential expression across different times after inoculation or when compared to non-inoculated controls. Annotation analyses showed that a high proportion of these differentially expressed (DE) genes are involved in immune and inflammatory responses. T helper 1, innate/inflammatory, and antigen-processing pathways were induced at 24 h post-inoculation (hpi) and/or 48 hpi, while apoptosis and antigen presentation/dendritic cell function pathways were downregulated at 8 hpi. Cluster analyses revealed that most DE genes annotated as NFkappaB targets were grouped into a specific induced subcluster, while many translation-related DE genes were found in a repressed subcluster. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses confirmed the Affymetrix results, revealing transcriptional induction of NFkappaB target genes at 24 hpi and suppression of the NFkappaB pathway from 24 to 48 hpi. We propose that such NFkappaB suppression in antigen-presenting cells may be the mechanism by which S. Typhimurium eludes a strong inflammatory response to establish a carrier status in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Center for Integrated Animal Genomics Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA
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44
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Filippova LV, Nozdrachev AD. [The role of visceral receptors in the mechanisms of neuroimmune interactions in mammalian small intestine]. Izv Akad Nauk Ser Biol 2007:336-46. [PMID: 17853696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous administration of mast cell degranulation products into blood as well as their endogenous release induced by compound 48/80 or repeated egg albumin administration to sensitized rats proved to increase activity of mesenteric afferent nerve fibers in the small intestine. In addition, the primary contact with a foreign protein triggered a cascade of chemical processes mobilizing antioxidant systems and increasing nitric oxide production in the small intestinal tissues. Interleukin-1beta or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide injections also had a long-term stimulating effect on intestinal receptors. Indometacin inhibited the effects induced by the bacterial endotoxin and interleukin-1beta. The obtained data suggest that small intestinal interoceptors can monitor chemical environment and modulate body's responses to foreign antigens. Interleukins-1beta acts as a signal transmitter between immune cells and interoceptors, which is mediated by the production of secondary signal substances, in particular, prostaglandin-2 and histamine.
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45
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Yin L, Chen CQ, Chen GM, Zhou GW, Zhou HJ, Shi MM, Li HW. [Research of rat small intestinal mesentery lymphoid tissue stimulating allograft mixed lymphocyte reaction]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2007; 45:626-9. [PMID: 17688800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of the small intestinal mesenteric lymphoid tissues stimulating mixed lymphocyte reaction with dendritic cells (DC) and peripheral blood monocyte cells (PBMC), and observe the changes of the MHC molecular expression on DC. METHODS DC, PBMC and mixed lymphocyte were separated to culture from SD rats. Lymphoid tissue suspension was adopted from small intestinal mesentery of Wistar rats. In the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), the cellular proliferation of small intestinal mesenteric lymphoid tissue antigen act on DC and PBMC was detected with cell counting of CCK-8 assay, the same assay used in small intestinal mesenteric lymphoid tissue antigen and ovalbumin (OVA) acting on DC. FACS analysis was performed after lymphoid tissue suspension stimulating DC to observe the MHC molecular expression. RESULTS In the lymphoid tissue suspension, 91% of the cells was lymphocyte, others including granulocyte, plasmocyte, epithelium. The effect of stimulating mixed lymphocyte proliferation were higher in DC groups than in PBMC groups with the small intestinal mesenteric lymphoid tissue (P < 0.05). In the proportion of DC and mixed lymphocyte >or= 1:100 groups, the mixed lymphocyte proliferation were higher in the small intestinal mesenteric lymphoid tissues groups than in the OVA groups (P < 0.05). After stimulated by the small intestinal mesenteric lymphoid tissue, DC expressed higher MHC-I and -II molecules than control groups. CONCLUSIONS The small intestinal mesenteric lymphoid tissue has high antigenicity; the antigen presenting ability of DC was much stronger than granulocytes; DC expresses high MHC-I and MHC-II molecules after stimulated by mixed lymphoid tissue suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital of Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China.
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46
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Oliveira FL, Frazão P, Chammas R, Hsu DK, Liu FT, Borojevic R, Takiya CM, El-Cheikh MC. Kinetics of mobilization and differentiation of lymphohematopoietic cells during experimental murine schistosomiasis in galectin-3−/−mice. J Leukoc Biol 2007; 82:300-10. [PMID: 17456800 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1206747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (gal-3), a beta-galactoside-binding animal lectin, plays a role in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Extracellular gal-3 modulates cell migration and adhesion in several physiological and pathological processes. Gal-3 is highly expressed in activated macrophages. Schistosoma mansoni eggs display a large amount of gal-3 ligands on their surface and elicit a well-characterized, macrophage-dependent, granulomatous, inflammatory reaction. Here, we have investigated the acute and chronic phases of S. mansoni infection in wild-type and gal-3(-/-) mice. In the absence of gal-3, chronic-phase granulomas were smaller in diameter, displaying thinner collagen fibers with a loose orientation. Schistosoma-infected gal-3(-/-) mice had remarkable changes in the monocyte/macrophage, eosinophil, and B lymphocyte subpopulations as compared with the infected wild-type mice. We observed a reduction of macrophage number, an increase in eosinophil absolute number, and a decrease in B lymphocyte subpopulation (B220(+/high) cells) in the periphery during the evolution of the disease in gal-3(-/-) mice. B lymphopenia was followed by an increase of plasma cell number in bone marrow, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes of the infected gal-3(-/-) mice. The plasma IgG and IgE levels also increased in these mice. Gal-3 plays a role in the organization, collagen distribution, and mobilization of inflammatory cells to chronic-phase granulomas, niches for extramedullary myelopoiesis, besides interfering with monocyte-to-macrophage and B cell-to-plasma cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Oliveira
- Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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47
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Watzl B, Neudecker C, Hänsch GM, Rechkemmer G, Pool-Zobel BL. Dietary wheat germ agglutinin modulates ovalbumin-induced immune responses in Brown Norway rats. Br J Nutr 2007; 85:483-90. [PMID: 11348563 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114501000721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The trend towards an increased consumption of minimally processed plant food results in a higher intake of non-nutritive compounds such as lectins. Lectins are typically globular proteins that are resistant to digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. They affect the integrity of the intestinal epithelium and the absorption of dietary antigens, and induce the release of allergic mediators from mast cellsin vitro. Based on this information we have studied whether dietary wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) could be involved in triggering food allergies. Brown Norway rats were immunized intraperitoneally using ovalbumin (OVA; 10 μg/rat) and 10 d later treated for five consecutive days with WGA (10 mg/rat per d) administered intragastrically. Rats were then orally challenged with OVA (100 μg/rat) 1 h after the last WGA application, and blood was collected 4 h later. Immunological responses (anti-OVA immunoglobulins E and G, rat mast cell protease II, interferon-γ and lymphocyte proliferation) were measured and lymphocyte subpopulations were determined. In immunized rats WGA treatment resulted in increased serum rat mast cell protease II concentrations (pre-challenge 0.26 (SE 0.08) ΜG/ML, POST-CHALLENGE 0.49 (se 0.09) μg/ml; P<0.01) 4 h after the OVA challenge. After 5 d serum concentrations of anti-OVA immunoglobulin E were significantly increased only in the immunized controls (absorbance at 405 nm on days 14 and 19 was 0.09 (se 0.008) and 0.24 (se 0.046) respectively; P=0.02), while in WGA-treated rats no significant increase was seen (0.08 (se 0.004) and 0.15 (se 0.037 respectively; P=0.14). CD4+: CD8+T lymphocytes in the spleen was significantly increased at this time (OVA 1.1 (sd 0.2), OVA+WGA 1.4 (sd 0.1), P<0.05). The treatment did not impair the proliferation and interferon-γ production of mesenteric lymphocytes. In conclusion, these data suggest that high dietary intake of lectins such as WGA may affect the allergic response towards oral antigens in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Watzl
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Hygiene and Toxicology, Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Haid-und-Neu-Str, 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Obermeier F, Hausmann M, Kellermeier S, Kiessling S, Strauch UG, Duitman E, Bulfone-Paus S, Herfarth H, Bock J, Dunger N, Stoeck M, Schölmerich J, Falk W, Rogler G. IL-15 protects intestinal epithelial cells. Eur J Immunol 2006; 36:2691-9. [PMID: 16981178 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200535173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
IL-15, a T-cell growth factor, has been shown to be increased in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It has been suggested that neutralization of IL-15 could protect from T cell-dependent autoimmune inflammation. On the other hand, an anti-apoptotic effect of IL-15 has been demonstrated in kidney epithelial cells during nephritis. We therefore tested the role of IL-15 in two different experimental models of colitis in vivo, and in models of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) apoptosis in vitro. IL-15 blockade in chronic dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis resulted in aggravation of the disease with a significantly 2.1-fold increased epithelial damage score compared to controls. TUNEL staining clearly revealed increased apoptosis. IL-6, TNF and IFN-gamma secretion by mesenteric lymph node cells were increased. In the T cell-dependent SCID transfer model of colitis IL-15 neutralization reduced the inflammatory infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine production. Despite that, the intestinal epithelial damage was not reduced. In vitro, IL-15 pre-incubation prevented up to 75% of CH11 antibody-induced apoptosis in SW-480 cells and reduced caspase-3 activity. According to this, endogenously produced IL-15 in chronic colitis does not only act as a proinflammatory cytokine but has at the same time the potential to reduce mucosal damage by preventing IEC apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Obermeier
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Veltkamp C, Ruhwald R, Giesem T, Autschbach F, Kaden I, Veltkamp R, Sartor RB, Stremmel W. CD4+CD25+ cell depletion from the normal CD4+ T cell pool prevents tolerance toward the intestinal flora and leads to chronic colitis in immunodeficient mice. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2006; 12:437-46. [PMID: 16775487 DOI: 10.1097/00054725-200606000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells have been shown to prevent immune-mediated colitis in mice; however, it is unclear whether the absence of CD4+CD25+ in the normal CD4+ T cell pool is responsible for the development of chronic colitis. Using the T cell-deficient Tgepsilon26 mouse model, we show that CD4+CD25- cells but not CD4+CD25+ cells induce a severe intestinal inflammation. Transfer of CD4+CD25+ cells, together with CD4+CD25- cells, ameliorated intestinal inflammation, and reconstitution with the whole mesenteric lymph node cell pool did not induce colitis in recipients. Transferred CD4+CD25- cells were found mainly in the mesenteric lymph nodes, where they showed an activated TH1-like phenotype. In the absence of regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells, recipient CD4 cells secreted IFN-gamma in response to stimulation with intestinal bacterial antigen that was prevented in vivo and in vitro by regulatory CD4+CD25+ cells. These studies suggest that CD4+CD25- cells have a strong colitogenic effect in the Tgepsilon26 colitis model and that CD4+CD25+ cells may be the main regulators that prevent or downregulate the proinflammatory effect of colitogenic T cells in the Tgepsilon26 mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Veltkamp
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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50
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Donin MV, Boĭchenko MN, Vorob'ev AA. [Persistence of the Salmonella enteritidis recombinant strain with expressed HBc antigen in mice and macrophage culture]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2006:45-8. [PMID: 16830589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of S. enteritidis recombinant strain E-23/pKDNA(3.1) with HBc antigen expressed by the eukaryotic promoter (DNA vaccine) in the body of mice after their infection per rectum and in the culture of macrophages was studied. The expression of HBc was shown to lead to the loss of the capacity of salmonellae for persistence in parenteral lymphoid tissue and for inducing the formation of anti-HBc antibodies. The study of the interaction of salmonellae with the macrophage culture revealed that the synthesis of HBc antigen inhibited the intracellular multiplication of salmonellae.
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