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Engevik M, Ruan W, Visuthranukul C, Shi Z, Engevik KA, Engevik AC, Fultz R, Schady DA, Spinler JK, Versalovic J. Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC 6475 metabolites upregulate the serotonin transporter in the intestinal epithelium. Benef Microbes 2021; 12:583-599. [PMID: 34550056 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (SERT) readily takes up serotonin (5-HT), thereby regulating the availability of 5-HT within the intestine. In the absence of SERT, 5-HT remains in the interstitial space and has the potential to aberrantly activate the many 5-HT receptors distributed on the epithelium, immune cells and enteric neurons. Perturbation of SERT is common in many gastrointestinal disorders as well as mouse models of colitis. Select commensal microbes regulate intestinal SERT levels, but the mechanism of this regulation is poorly understood. Additionally, ethanol upregulates SERT in the brain and dendritic cells, but its effects in the intestine have never been examined. We report that the intestinal commensal microbe Limosilactobacillus (previously classified as Lactobacillus) reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 secretes 83.4 mM ethanol. Consistent with the activity of L. reuteri alcohol dehydrogenases, we found that L. reuteri tolerated various levels of ethanol. Application of L. reuteri conditioned media or exogenous ethanol to human colonic T84 cells was found to upregulate SERT at the level of mRNA. A 4-(4-(dimethylamino) phenyl)-1-methylpyridinium (APP+) uptake assay confirmed the functional activity of SERT. These findings were mirrored in mouse colonic organoids, where L. reuteri metabolites and ethanol were found to upregulate SERT at the apical membrane. Finally, in a trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid model of acute colitis, we observed that mice treated with L. reuteri maintained SERT at the colon membrane compared with mice receiving phosphate buffered saline vehicle control. These data suggest that L. reuteri metabolites, including ethanol, can upregulate SERT and may be beneficial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis with respect to serotonin signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Engevik
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashely Ave, BSB 626, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - W Ruan
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 6701 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Texas Children's Hospital, 6701 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - C Visuthranukul
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Pediatric Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Z Shi
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - K A Engevik
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 7703, USA
| | - A C Engevik
- Departments of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - R Fultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0625, USA
| | - D A Schady
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J K Spinler
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J Versalovic
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Birch JM, Agger JF, Leijon M, Ullman K, Struve T, Jensen HE. Comparing the treatment effect of narrow spectrum antimicrobial, probiotic and fluid with amoxicillin in mink kits (Neovison vison) with pre-weaning diarrhea. Res Vet Sci 2019; 125:121-129. [PMID: 31207535 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pre-weaning diarrhea in mink kits (PWD), also known as "sticky kits" is a multifactorial syndrome of considerable concern in the mink production. Evidence based treatment protocols are not available, and treatment is therefore empirical and often based on the use of antimicrobials. The purpose of the study was to test the effect of 3 alternative treatments to a standard antibiotic treatment, to characterize the study groups microbiologically, and finally to compare the intestinal microbiota of the different treatment groups at the age of 42 days. In total, 226 one to three week old mink kits with PWD from 36 litters were treated with either 1) Lactobacillus reuteri, 2) benzylpenicillin, 3) Ringer lactate or 4) amoxicillin (controls). Effects of the treatments were measured as weight gain from day 0 to day 15 and mortality. Multivariable linear mixed model regression showed no significant difference in weight gain between probiotic-, penicillin or fluid-treated mink kits and the amoxicillin treated controls. There was also no significant difference in mortality risk between the treatment groups. Bacterial culture and next generation sequencing of the viral contents showed that the study groups were uniform with a high frequency of Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG) bacteria, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus hirae, Mamastrovirus and Sapovirus which were representative for mink kits with PWD. 16S sequencing results of the bacterial microbiota, when the kits were 42 days old were dominated by clostridia in all groups and showed no clear differences in the bacterial composition between the different treatment groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Melsted Birch
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Jens Frederik Agger
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mikael Leijon
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Ullman
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tina Struve
- Kopenhagen Fur Diagnostics, Kopenhagen Fur, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Henrik Elvang Jensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Latousakis D, Nepravishta R, Rejzek M, Wegmann U, Le Gall G, Kavanaugh D, Colquhoun IJ, Frese S, MacKenzie DA, Walter J, Angulo J, Field RA, Juge N. Serine-rich repeat protein adhesins from Lactobacillus reuteri display strain specific glycosylation profiles. Glycobiology 2019; 29:45-58. [PMID: 30371779 PMCID: PMC6291802 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri is a gut symbiont inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract of numerous vertebrates. The surface-exposed serine-rich repeat protein (SRRP) is a major adhesin in Gram-positive bacteria. Using lectin and sugar nucleotide profiling of wild-type or L. reuteri isogenic mutants, MALDI-ToF-MS, LC-MS and GC-MS analyses of SRRPs, we showed that L. reuteri strains 100-23C (from rodent) and ATCC 53608 (from pig) can perform protein O-glycosylation and modify SRRP100-23 and SRRP53608 with Hex-Glc-GlcNAc and di-GlcNAc moieties, respectively. Furthermore, in vivo glycoengineering in E. coli led to glycosylation of SRRP53608 variants with α-GlcNAc and GlcNAcβ(1→6)GlcNAcα moieties. The glycosyltransferases involved in the modification of these adhesins were identified within the SecA2/Y2 accessory secretion system and their sugar nucleotide preference determined by saturation transfer difference NMR spectroscopy and differential scanning fluorimetry. Together, these findings provide novel insights into the cellular O-protein glycosylation pathways of gut commensal bacteria and potential routes for glycoengineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Latousakis
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Ridvan Nepravishta
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Martin Rejzek
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Udo Wegmann
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Gwenaelle Le Gall
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Devon Kavanaugh
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Ian J Colquhoun
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Donald A MacKenzie
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jesus Angulo
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Nathalie Juge
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
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Pham H, Pijning T, Dijkhuizen L, van Leeuwen SS. Mutational Analysis of the Role of the Glucansucrase Gtf180-ΔN Active Site Residues in Product and Linkage Specificity with Lactose as Acceptor Substrate. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:12544-12554. [PMID: 30396274 PMCID: PMC6328278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucansucrase Gtf180-ΔN from Lactobacillus reuteri uses lactose as acceptor substrate to synthesize five glucosylated lactose molecules (F1-F5) with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 3-4 (GL34) and with (α1→2)/(α1→3)/(α1→4) glycosidic linkages. Q1140/W1065/N1029 mutations significantly changed the GL34 product ratios. Q1140 mutations clearly decreased F3 3'-glc-lac with an (α1→3) linkage and increased F4 4',2-glc-lac with (α1→4)/(α1→2) linkages. Formation of F2 2-glc-lac with an (α1→2) linkage and F4 was negatively affected in most W1065 and N1029 mutants, respectively. Mutant N1029G synthesized four new products with additional (α1→3)-linked glucosyl moieties (2xDP4 and 2xDP5). Sucrose/lactose strongly reduced Gtf180-ΔN hydrolytic activity and increased transferase activity of Gtf180-ΔN and mutant N1029G, in comparison to activity with sucrose alone. N1029/W1065/Q1140 thus are key determinants of Gtf180-ΔN linkage and product specificity in the acceptor reaction with lactose. Mutagenesis of key residues in Gtf180-ΔN may allow synthesis of tailor-made mixtures of novel lactose-derived oligosaccharides with potential applications as prebiotic compounds in food/feed and in pharmacy/medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Pham
- Microbial
Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute
(GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjaard Pijning
- Biophysical
Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute
(GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Microbial
Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute
(GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander S. van Leeuwen
- Microbial
Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute
(GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Yan B, Chen YY, Wang W, Zhao J, Chen W, Gänzle M. γ-Glutamyl Cysteine Ligase of Lactobacillus reuteri Synthesizes γ-Glutamyl Dipeptides in Sourdough. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:12368-12375. [PMID: 30354106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Kokumi-active γ-glutamyl dipeptides (γ-GPs) accumulate in fermented food. γ-Glutamyl transferase, glutaminase, glutathione synthetase, and γ-glutamyl cysteine ligase (GCL) may synthesize γ-GPs. The genome of Lactobacillus reuteri encodes GCL but not glutathione synthetase or glutamyl transferase; therefore, this study investigated the role of GCL in γ-GP synthesis by L. reuteri LTH5448. Phylogenomic analysis of gcl in lactobacilli demonstrated that three genes coding for GCL are present in L. reuteri; two of these are present in L. reuteri LTH5448. Two deletion mutants of L. reuteri LTH5448, L. reuteri LTH5448Δ gcl1 and LTH5448Δ gcl1Δ gcl2, were constructed by double crossover mutagenesis. Growth and oxygen resistance of the mutants were comparable to the wild type. γ-Glu-Glu, γ-Glu-Leu, γ-Glu-Ile, γ-Glu-Val, and γ-Glu-Cys were quantified in buffer and sourdough fermentations by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The wild type and L. reuteri Δ gcl1 but not Δ gcl1Δ gcl2 converted amino acids to γ-Glu-Cys. γ-Glu-Ile accumulation was reduced in both mutants; however, the disruption of gcl did not alter the biosynthesis of the other γ-GPs. In conclusion, gcl1 in L. reuteri mediates γ-Glu-Ile synthesis, gcl2 mediates γ-Glu-Cys synthesis, but neither gene affected synthesis of other γ-GPs. This study facilitates selection of starter cultures that synthesize γ-Glu peptides with kokumi activity and, thus, improve the taste of fermented foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2P5 , Canada
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yao Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2P5 , Canada
| | - Weilan Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2P5 , Canada
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Gänzle
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2P5 , Canada
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
- College of Bioengineering and Food Science , Hubei University of Technology , Wuhan Hubei 430068 , People's Republic of China
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6
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Lee JY, Han GG, Choi J, Jin GD, Kang SK, Chae BJ, Kim EB, Choi YJ. Pan-Genomic Approaches in Lactobacillus reuteri as a Porcine Probiotic: Investigation of Host Adaptation and Antipathogenic Activity. Microb Ecol 2017; 74:709-721. [PMID: 28439658 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-0977-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
After the introduction of a ban on the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) for livestock, reuterin-producing Lactobacillus reuteri is getting attention as an alternative to AGPs. In this study, we investigated genetic features of L. reuteri associated with host specificity and antipathogenic effect. We isolated 104 L. reuteri strains from porcine feces, and 16 strains, composed of eight strains exhibiting the higher antipathogenic effect (group HS) and eight strains exhibiting the lower effect (group LS), were selected for genomic comparison. We generated draft genomes of the 16 isolates and investigated their pan-genome together with the 26 National Center for Biotechnology Information-registered genomes. L. reuteri genomes organized six clades with multi-locus sequence analysis, and the clade IV includes the 16 isolates. First, we identified six L. reuteri clade IV-specific genes including three hypothetical protein-coding genes. The three annotated genes encode transposases and cell surface proteins, indicating that these genes are the result of adaptation to the host gastrointestinal epithelia and that these host-specific traits were acquired by horizontal gene transfer. We also identified differences between groups HS and LS in the pdu-cbi-cob-hem gene cluster, which is essential for reuterin and cobalamin synthesis, and six genes specific to group HS are revealed. While the strains of group HS possessed all genes of this cluster, LS strains have lost many genes of the cluster. This study provides a deeper understanding of the relationship between probiotic properties and genomic features of L. reuteri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yeong Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Goo Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyun Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwi-Deuk Jin
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kee Kang
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Jo Chae
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Bae Kim
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Liu Y, Liu JM, Zhang D, Ge K, Wang P, Liu H, Fang G, Wang S. Persistent Luminescence Nanophosphor Involved Near-Infrared Optical Bioimaging for Investigation of Foodborne Probiotics Biodistribution in Vivo: A Proof-of-Concept Study. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:8229-8240. [PMID: 28837320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics has attracted great attention in food nutrition and safety research field, but thus far there are limited analytical techniques for visualized and real-time monitoring of the probiotics when they are ingested in vivo. Herein, the optical bioimaging technique has been introduced for investigation of foodborne probiotics biodistribution in vivo, employing the near-infrared (NIR) emitting persistent luminescence nanophosphors (PLNPs) of Cr3+-doped zinc gallogermanate (ZGGO) as the contrast nanoprobes. The ultrabrightness, super long afterglow, polydispersed size, low toxicity, and excellent photostability and biocompatibility of PLNPs were demonstrated to be qualified as a tracer for labeling probiotics via antibody (anti-Gram positive bacteria LTA antibody) recognition as well as contrast agent for long-term bioimaging the probiotics. In vivo optical bioimaging assay showed that the LTA antibody functionalized ZGGO nanoprobes that could be efficiently tagged to the probiobics were successfully applied for real-time monitoring and nondamaged probing of the biodistribution of probiotics inside the living body after oral administration. This work presents a proof-of-concept that exploited the bioimaging methodology for real-time and nondamaged researching the foodborne probiotics behaviors in vivo, which would open up a novel way of food safety detection and nutrition investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jing-Min Liu
- Research Center of Food Science and Human Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Kun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Peihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Huilin Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) , Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Guozhen Fang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Research Center of Food Science and Human Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
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Griet M, Zelaya H, Mateos MV, Salva S, Juarez GE, de Valdez GF, Villena J, Salvador GA, Rodriguez AV. Soluble factors from Lactobacillus reuteri CRL1098 have anti-inflammatory effects in acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110027. [PMID: 25329163 PMCID: PMC4201513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that Lactobacillus reuteri CRL1098 soluble factors were able to reduce TNF-α production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The aims of this study were to determine whether L. reuteri CRL1098 soluble factors were able to modulate in vitro the inflammatory response triggered by LPS in murine macrophages, to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in the immunoregulatory effect, and to evaluate in vivo its capacity to exert anti-inflammatory actions in acute lung injury induced by LPS in mice. In vitro assays demonstrated that L. reuteri CRL1098 soluble factors significantly reduced the production of pro-inflammatory mediators (NO, COX-2, and Hsp70) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, and IL-6) caused by the stimulation of macrophages with LPS. NF-kB and PI3K inhibition by L. reuteri CRL1098 soluble factors contributed to these inhibitory effects. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway and the diminished expression of CD14 could be involved in the immunoregulatory effect. In addition, our in vivo data proved that the LPS-induced secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory cells recruitment to the airways and inflammatory lung tissue damage were reduced in L. reuteri CRL1098 soluble factors treated mice, providing a new way to reduce excessive pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Griet
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Hortensia Zelaya
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Melina Valeria Mateos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Salva
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Esteban Juarez
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Graciela Font de Valdez
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Julio Villena
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | - Ana Virginia Rodriguez
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Staudigl P, Haltrich D, Peterbauer CK. L-Arabinose isomerase and D-xylose isomerase from Lactobacillus reuteri: characterization, coexpression in the food grade host Lactobacillus plantarum, and application in the conversion of D-galactose and D-glucose. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:1617-1624. [PMID: 24443973 PMCID: PMC3931408 DOI: 10.1021/jf404785m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The L-arabinose isomerase (L-AI) and the D-xylose isomerase (D-XI) encoding genes from Lactobacillus reuteri (DSMZ 17509) were cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The proteins were purified to homogeneity by one-step affinity chromatography and characterized biochemically. L-AI displayed maximum activity at 65 °C and pH 6.0, whereas D-XI showed maximum activity at 65 °C and pH 5.0. Both enzymes require divalent metal ions. The genes were also ligated into the inducible lactobacillal expression vectors pSIP409 and pSIP609, the latter containing a food grade auxotrophy marker instead of an antibiotic resistance marker, and the L-AI- and D-XI-encoding sequences/genes were coexpressed in the food grade host Lactobacillus plantarum . The recombinant enzymes were tested for applications in carbohydrate conversion reactions of industrial relevance. The purified L-AI converted D-galactose to D-tagatose with a maximum conversion rate of 35%, and the D-XI isomerized D-glucose to D-fructose with a maximum conversion rate of 48% at 60 °C.
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10
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Liu Y, Fatheree NY, Dingle BM, Tran DQ, Rhoads JM. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 changes the frequency of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the intestine and mesenteric lymph node in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56547. [PMID: 23437165 PMCID: PMC3577854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory disease of the intestine in premature infants. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 improves survival and reduces the incidence and severity of NEC in a rodent model. Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain intestinal homeostasis by controlling inflammation and inducing tolerance. To determine whether there are insufficient numbers of Tregs to control inflammation in NEC and to determine if LR17938 increases the frequency of Tregs, we studied selected groups of newborn Sprague-Dawley rats according to feeding plan: dam±LR17938, formula±LR17938, and NEC±LR17938. NEC was induced by gavage feeding with special formula and exposure to hypoxic conditions. Lymphocytes isolated from ileum, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), spleen and thymus were labeled for T cell surface markers (CD3, CD4, CD8) and intracellular Foxp3; and labeled cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentage of CD3+ T cells and Foxp3+ Tregs in the ileum significantly decreased in pups with NEC, compared to normal controls. Feeding LR17938 to neonatal rats with NEC increased the % of Foxp3+ T cells in the ileum while decreasing the percentage of cells in the MLN. Administration of LR17938 to dam-fed rats significantly increased Foxp3+Tregs in the ileum as early as day of life (DOL)1 but did not produce an increase in Tregs in formula-fed rats on DOL1. These results suggest that factors in breast milk may enhance the early immunomodulatory effects of LR17938. An anti-inflammatory effect of LR17938 in NEC was associated with the modulation of immune responses and induction and what appears to be migration of Foxp3+ Tregs to the diseased gut. Probiotic-facilitated development of Tregs might play an important role in the prevention of NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liu
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nicole Y. Fatheree
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bridgette M. Dingle
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dat Q. Tran
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jon Marc Rhoads
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Scaccianoce G, Zullo A, Hassan C, Gentili F, Cristofari F, Cardinale V, Gigliotti F, Piglionica D, Morini S. Triple therapies plus different probiotics for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2008; 12:251-256. [PMID: 18727457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) cure rate following standard triple therapies is decreasing worldwide. Therefore, further approaches aimed to improve standard triple therapy efficacy should be attempted. This prospective, pilot study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic role of either Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) or a high concentration of probiotics in addition to standard triple therapies for H. pylori eradication. The study enrolled 65 consecutive dyspeptic patients with H. pylori infection. All patients underwent upper endoscopy with gastric biopsies. Patients were assigned to receive one of the following therapies: (a) standard 7-day triple; (b) the same 7-day triple therapy plus L. reuteri supplementation; (c) the same 7-day triple therapy plus a probiotic mixture; and d) a 14-day standard triple therapy plus a probiotic mixture. H. pylori eradication was checked by using a 13C-urea breath test performed 4-6 weeks after treatment. No therapy regimen achieved > 80% eradication rate at both intention-to-treat (ITT) and per protocol (PP) analyses. Although the 14-day therapy plus a probiotic mixture tended to achieve higher eradication rate (71%), no statistically significant difference emerged among the different therapy regimens tested (range: 53-71%). The lowest incidence of side-effects was observed following the 7-day therapy plus L. reuteri (6%) and highest with the 14-day triple therapy plus probiotic mixture (33%), although the difference failed to reach the statistically significance. In conclusion, our data found that 7-14 days triple therapy with or without probiotic supplementation failed to achieved acceptable H. pylori eradication rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Scaccianoce
- Digestive Endoscopy, Umberto I Hospital, Altamura, Bari, Italy
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Wang B, Wei H, Yuan J, Li Q, Li Y, Li N, Li J. Identification of a surface protein from Lactobacillus reuteri JCM1081 that adheres to porcine gastric mucin and human enterocyte-like HT-29 cells. Curr Microbiol 2008; 57:33-8. [PMID: 18379843 PMCID: PMC2413072 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-008-9148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2007] [Accepted: 04/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion of lactobacilli to the host gastrointestinal (GI) tract is considered an important factor in health-promoting effects. However, studies addressing the molecular mechanisms of the adhesion of lactobacilli to the host GI tract have not yet been performed. The aim of this work was to identify Lactobacillus reuteri surface molecules mediating adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells and mucins. Nine strains of lactobacilli were tested for their ability to adhere to human enterocyte-like HT-29 cells. The cell surface proteins involved in the adhesion of Lactobacillus to HT-29 cells and gastric mucin were extracted. The active fractions were detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting with horseradish peroxidase-labeled mucin and NHS-Biotin-labeled HT-29 cells. Furthermore, tandem mass spectrometry analysis was performed to identify the surface protein that participates in adhesion. It was shown that the ability of lactobacilli to adhere to HT-29 cells in vitro varied considerably among different strains. The most adhesive strain was the chicken intestinal tract isolate Lactobacillus reuteri JCM1081 (495.07 ± 80.03 bacterial cells/100 HT-29 cells). The adhesion of L. reuteri JCM1081 to HT-29 cells appeared to be mediated by a cell surface protein, with an approximate molecular mass of 29 kDa. The peptides generated from the 29-kDa protein significantly matched the Lr0793 protein sequence of L. reuteri strain ATCC55730 (∼71.1% identity) and displayed significant sequence similarity to the putative ATP-binding cassette transporter protein CnBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jin Ling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002 China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Qiurong Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jin Ling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002 China
| | - Yousheng Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jin Ling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002 China
| | - Ning Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jin Ling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002 China
| | - Jieshou Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jin Ling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002 China
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Walter J, Loach DM, Alqumber M, Rockel C, Hermann C, Pfitzenmaier M, Tannock GW. D-alanyl ester depletion of teichoic acids in Lactobacillus reuteri 100-23 results in impaired colonization of the mouse gastrointestinal tract. Environ Microbiol 2008; 9:1750-60. [PMID: 17564608 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01292.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The dlt operon of Gram-positive bacteria encodes proteins required for the incorporation of D-alanine esters into cell wall-associated teichoic acids (TA). D-alanylation of TA has been shown to be important for acid tolerance, resistance to antimicrobial peptides, adhesion, biofilm formation, and virulence of a variety of pathogenic organisms. The aim of this study was to determine the importance of D-alanylation for colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by Lactobacillus reuteri 100-23. Insertional inactivation of the dltA gene resulted in complete depletion of D-alanine substitution of lipoteichoic acids. The dlt mutant had similar growth characteristics as the wild type under standard in vitro conditions, but formed lower population sizes in the gastrointestinal tract of ex-Lactobacillus-free mice, and was almost eliminated from the habitat in competition experiments with the parental strain. In contrast to the wild type, the dlt mutant was unable to form a biofilm on the forestomach epithelium during gut colonization. Transmission electron microscope observations showed evidence of cell wall damage of mutant bacteria present in the forestomach. The dlt mutant had impaired growth under acidic culture conditions and increased susceptibility to the cationic peptide nisin relative to the wild type. Ex vivo adherence of the dlt mutant to the forestomach epithelium was not impaired. This study showed that D-alanylation is an important cell function of L. reuteri that seems to protect this commensal organism against the hostile conditions prevailing in the murine forestomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Walter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Moorthy G, Ramasamy R. Mucosal immunisation of mice with malaria protein on lactic acid bacterial cell walls. Vaccine 2007; 25:3636-45. [PMID: 17280749 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2006] [Revised: 11/02/2006] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mice were orally and nasally immunised with a malaria parasite protein, MSA2, expressed in Lactococcus lactis, covalently attached to the peptidoglycan (MSA2cP), or non-covalently rebound to L. lactis cell walls, live Lactobacillus reuteri and Lb. salivarius (MSA2cA). Although there was marked variation within mice of the same inbred strain, the data suggest that the characteristics of serum IgG antibodies formed against MSA2 are influenced by the mouse strain and mode of MSA2 presentation. MSA2-specific IgA antibodies in sera and faecal pellets, and IFNgamma-secreting spleen cells were detectable in some immunised animals. MSA2cA on lactobacilli, although not effective in eliciting serum IgG antibodies, showed a potential for eliciting IgA antibodies in the gut. The presence of MSA2 in L. lactis tended to divert the antibody response from lactococcal antigens. The data suggest that anti-MSA2 and anti-lactococcal antibody responses are not necessarily associated in the mice. The findings are related to the use of lactic acid bacteria expressing heterologous proteins for therapy and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Moorthy
- National Science Foundation, Maitland Place, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
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