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Pattacini L, Murnane PM, Baeten JM, Fluharty TR, Thomas KK, Bukusi E, Katabira E, Mugo N, Donnell D, Lingappa JR, Celum C, Marzinke M, McElrath MJ, Lund JM. Antiretroviral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Does Not Enhance Immune Responses to HIV in Exposed but Uninfected Persons. J Infect Dis 2014; 211:1943-52. [PMID: 25520426 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), using daily oral combination tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine, is an effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention strategy for populations at high risk of HIV acquisition. Although the primary mode of action for the protective effect of PrEP is probably direct antiviral activity, nonhuman primate studies suggest that PrEP may also allow for development of HIV-specific immune responses, hypothesized to result from aborted HIV infections providing a source of immunologic priming. We sought to evaluate whether PrEP affects the development of HIV-specific immune response in humans. METHODS AND RESULTS Within a PrEP clinical trial among high-risk heterosexual African men and women, we detected HIV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) peripheral blood T-cell responses in 10%-20% of 247 subjects evaluated. The response rate and magnitude of T-cell responses did not vary significantly between those assigned PrEP versus placebo, and no significant difference between those assigned PrEP and placebo was observed in measures of innate immune function. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence to support the hypothesis that PrEP alters either the frequency or magnitude of HIV-specific immune responses in HIV-1-exposed seronegative individuals. These results suggest that PrEP is unlikely to serve as an immunologic prime to aid protection by a putative HIV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jared M Baeten
- Department of Global Health Department of Epidemiology Department of Medicine
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Bukusi
- Department of Global Health Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Centre for Microbiology Research
| | - Elly Katabira
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Nelly Mugo
- Department of Global Health Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi
| | - Deborah Donnell
- Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Department of Global Health
| | - Jairam R Lingappa
- Department of Global Health Department of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Connie Celum
- Department of Global Health Department of Epidemiology Department of Medicine
| | - Mark Marzinke
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division Department of Global Health Department of Medicine
| | - Jennifer M Lund
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division Department of Global Health
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Pattacini L, Murnane PM, Baeten JM, Fluharty TR, Thomas KK, Bukusi E, Katabira E, Mugo N, Donnell D, Lingappa JR, Celum C, Marzinke M, McElrath MJ, Lund JM. Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Does Not Enhance HIV-specific T-cell Responses. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.5372.abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pattacini
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Pamela M. Murnane
- University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jared M. Baeten
- University of Washington, Department of Global Health, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Tayler R. Fluharty
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Katherine K. Thomas
- University of Washington, Department of Global Health, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Bukusi
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Microbiology Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Elly Katabira
- Makerere University, Department of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Nelly Mugo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Clinical Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Deborah Donnell
- University of Washington, Department of Global Health, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jairam R. Lingappa
- University of Washington, Department of Global Health, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Connie Celum
- University of Washington, Department of Global Health, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Mark Marzinke
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Lund
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA, United States
- University of Washington, Department of Global Health, Seattle, WA, United States
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Pattacini L, Baeten JM, Thomas KK, Fluharty TR, Murnane PM, Donnell D, Bukusi E, Ronald A, Mugo N, Lingappa JR, Celum C, McElrath JM, Lund JM. HIV-specific T and NK-cell Responses Do Not Correlate with Protection from Sexual Acquisition of HIV. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.5181.abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pattacini
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Deborah Donnell
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Bukusi
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Nelly Mugo
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Connie Celum
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Juliana M. McElrath
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Lund
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Pattacini L, Murnane PM, Fluharty TR, Katabira E, De Rosa SC, Baeten JM, Lund JM. Enhanced and efficient detection of virus-driven cytokine expression by human NK and T cells. J Virol Methods 2014; 199:17-24. [PMID: 24418500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cutting edge immune monitoring techniques increasingly measure multiple functional outputs for various cell types, such as intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) assays that measure cytokines expressed by T cells. To date, however, there is no precise method to measure virus-specific cytokine production by both T cells as well as NK cells in the same well, which is important to a greater extent given recent identification of NK cells expressing a memory phenotype. This study describes an adaptable and efficient ICS assay platform that can be used to detect antigen-driven cytokine production by human T cells and NK cells, termed "viral ICS". Importantly, this assay uses limited amount of cryopreserved PBMCs along with autologous heat-inactivated serum, thereby allowing for this assay to be performed when sample is scarce as well as geographically distant from the laboratory. Compared to a standard ICS assay that detects antigen-specific T cell cytokine expression alone, the viral ICS assay is comparable in terms of both HIV-specific CD4 and CD8T cell cytokine response rates and magnitude of response, with the added advantage of ability to detect virus-specific NK cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pattacini
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Pamela M Murnane
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Tayler R Fluharty
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Elly Katabira
- Infectious Disease Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Stephen C De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Jared M Baeten
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jennifer M Lund
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Pattacini L, Mize GJ, Graham JB, Fluharty TR, Graham TM, Lingnau K, Wizel B, Perdiguero B, Esteban M, Pantaleo G, Shen M, Spies GA, McElrath MJ, Lund JM. A novel HIV vaccine adjuvanted by IC31 induces robust and persistent humoral and cellular immunity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42163. [PMID: 22848738 PMCID: PMC3405041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV vaccine strategy that, to date, generated immune protection consisted of a prime-boost regimen using a canarypox vector and an HIV envelope protein with alum, as shown in the RV144 trial. Since the efficacy was weak, and previous HIV vaccine trials designed to generate antibody responses failed, we hypothesized that generation of T cell responses would result in improved protection. Thus, we tested the immunogenicity of a similar envelope-based vaccine using a mouse model, with two modifications: a clade C CN54gp140 HIV envelope protein was adjuvanted by the TLR9 agonist IC31®, and the viral vector was the vaccinia strain NYVAC-CN54 expressing HIV envelope gp120. The use of IC31® facilitated immunoglobulin isotype switching, leading to the production of Env-specific IgG2a, as compared to protein with alum alone. Boosting with NYVAC-CN54 resulted in the generation of more robust Th1 T cell responses. Moreover, gp140 prime with IC31® and alum followed by NYVAC-CN54 boost resulted in the formation and persistence of central and effector memory populations in the spleen and an effector memory population in the gut. Our data suggest that this regimen is promising and could improve the protection rate by eliciting strong and long-lasting humoral and cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pattacini
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gregory J. Mize
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jessica B. Graham
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Tayler R. Fluharty
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Tisha M. Graham
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | | | - Beatriz Perdiguero
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine and Swiss Vaccine Research Institute, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mingchao Shen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Spies
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Lund
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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