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Lee J, Kim D, Kong J, Ha D, Kim I, Park M, Lee K, Im SH, Kim S. Cell-cell communication network-based interpretable machine learning predicts cancer patient response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadj0785. [PMID: 38295179 PMCID: PMC10830106 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj0785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment. However, only some patients respond to ICIs, and current biomarkers for ICI efficacy have limited performance. Here, we devised an interpretable machine learning (ML) model trained using patient-specific cell-cell communication networks (CCNs) decoded from the patient's bulk tumor transcriptome. The model could (i) predict ICI efficacy for patients across four cancer types (median AUROC: 0.79) and (ii) identify key communication pathways with crucial players responsible for patient response or resistance to ICIs by analyzing more than 700 ICI-treated patient samples from 11 cohorts. The model prioritized chemotaxis communication of immune-related cells and growth factor communication of structural cells as the key biological processes underlying response and resistance to ICIs, respectively. We confirmed the key communication pathways and players at the single-cell level in patients with melanoma. Our network-based ML approach can be used to expand ICIs' clinical benefits in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhun Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Donghyo Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - JungHo Kong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Doyeon Ha
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Inhae Kim
- ImmunoBiome Inc., Pohang 166-20, Korea
| | - Minhyuk Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Kwanghwan Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
- ImmunoBiome Inc., Pohang 166-20, Korea
- Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Sanguk Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
- Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Shim JA, Lee SM, Jeong JW, Kim H, Son WJ, Park JH, Song P, Im SH, Bae S, Park JH, Jo Y, Hong C. NFAT1 and NFκB regulates expression of the common γ-chain cytokine receptor in activated T cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:309. [PMID: 37904191 PMCID: PMC10617197 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cytokines of the common γ chain (γc) family are critical for the development, differentiation, and survival of T lineage cells. Cytokines play key roles in immunodeficiencies, autoimmune diseases, allergies, and cancer. Although γc is considered an assistant receptor to transmit cytokine signals and is an indispensable receptor in the immune system, its regulatory mechanism is not yet well understood. OBJECTIVE This study focused on the molecular mechanisms that γc expression in T cells is regulated under T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. METHODS The γc expression in TCR-stimulated T cells was determined by flow cytometry, western blot and quantitative RT-PCR. The regulatory mechanism of γc expression in activated T cells was examined by promoter-luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. NFAT1 and NFκB deficient cells generated using CRISPR-Cas9 and specific inhibitors were used to examine their role in regulation of γc expression. Specific binding motif was confirmed by γc promotor mutant cells generated using CRISPR-Cas9. IL-7TgγcTg mice were used to examine regulatory role of γc in cytokine signaling. RESULTS We found that activated T cells significantly upregulated γc expression, wherein NFAT1 and NFκB were key in transcriptional upregulation via T cell receptor stimulation. Also, we identified the functional binding site of the γc promoter and the synergistic effect of NFAT1 and NFκB in the regulation of γc expression. Increased γc expression inhibited IL-7 signaling and rescued lymphoproliferative disorder in an IL-7Tg animal model, providing novel insights into T cell homeostasis. CONCLUSION Our results indicate functional cooperation between NFAT1 and NFκB in upregulating γc expression in activated T cells. As γc expression also regulates γc cytokine responsiveness, our study suggests that γc expression should be considered as one of the regulators in γc cytokine signaling and the development of T cell immunotherapies. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju A Shim
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Room 504, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-Do, 50612, South Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - So Min Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Room 504, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-Do, 50612, South Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- PNU GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Jeong
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Room 504, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-Do, 50612, South Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- PNU GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyori Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Room 504, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-Do, 50612, South Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- PNU GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jae Son
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hong Park
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, 58245, Republic of Korea
- University of Science & Technology (UST), KIOM Campus, Korean Convergence Medicine Major, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Parkyong Song
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
- PNU GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Sangsu Bae
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yuna Jo
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Room 515, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-Do, 50612, South Korea.
| | - Changwan Hong
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Room 504, 49 Busandaehak-Ro, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-Do, 50612, South Korea.
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
- PNU GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
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Park M, Kim D, Kim I, Im SH, Kim S. Drug approval prediction based on the discrepancy in gene perturbation effects between cells and humans. EBioMedicine 2023; 94:104705. [PMID: 37453362 PMCID: PMC10366401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor translation between in vitro and clinical studies due to the cells/humans discrepancy in drug target perturbation effects leads to safety failures in clinical trials, thus increasing drug development costs and reducing patients' life quality. Therefore, developing a predictive model for drug approval considering the cells/humans discrepancy is needed to reduce drug attrition rates in clinical trials. METHODS Our machine learning framework predicts drug approval in clinical trials based on the cells/humans discrepancy in drug target perturbation effects. To evaluate the discrepancy to predict drug approval (1404 approved and 1070 unapproved drugs), we analysed CRISPR-Cas9 knockout and loss-of-function mutation rate-based gene perturbation effects on cells and humans, respectively. To validate the risk of drug targets with the cells/humans discrepancy, we examined the targets of failed and withdrawn drugs due to safety problems. FINDINGS Drug approvals in clinical trials were correlated with the cells/humans discrepancy in gene perturbation effects. Genes tolerant to perturbation effects on cells but intolerant to those on humans were associated with failed drug targets. Furthermore, genes with the cells/humans discrepancy were related to drugs withdrawn due to severe side effects. Motivated by previous studies assessing drug safety through chemical properties, we improved drug approval prediction by integrating chemical information with the cells/humans discrepancy. INTERPRETATION The cells/humans discrepancy in gene perturbation effects facilitates drug approval prediction and explains drug safety failures in clinical trials. FUNDING S.K. received grants from the Korean National Research Foundation (2021R1A2B5B01001903 and 2020R1A6A1A03047902) and IITP (2019-0-01906, Artificial Intelligence Graduate School Program, POSTECH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhyuk Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Donghyo Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Inhae Kim
- ImmunoBiome Inc., Pohang, South Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea; ImmunoBiome Inc., Pohang, South Korea
| | - Sanguk Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.
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Kim HM, Kang B, Park S, Park H, Kim C, Lee H, Yoo M, Kweon MN, Im SH, Kim T, Roh TY. Forkhead box protein D2 suppresses colorectal cancer by reprogramming enhancer interactions. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:6143-6155. [PMID: 37158258 PMCID: PMC10325893 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic stem cells contribute to normal tissue homeostasis, and their epigenomic features play an important role in regulating tissue identities or developing disease states. Enhancers are one of the key players controlling chromatin context-specific gene expression in a spatial and temporal manner while maintaining tissue homeostasis, and their dysregulation leads to tumorigenesis. Here, epigenomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal that forkhead box protein D2 (FOXD2) is a hub for the gene regulatory network exclusive to large intestinal stem cells, and its overexpression plays a significant role in colon cancer regression. FOXD2 is positioned at the closed chromatin and facilitates mixed-lineage leukemia protein-4 (MLL4/KMT2D) binding to deposit H3K4 monomethylation. De novo FOXD2-mediated chromatin interactions rewire the regulation of p53-responsive genes and induction of apoptosis. Taken together, our findings illustrate the novel mechanistic details of FOXD2 in suppressing colorectal cancer growth and suggest its function as a chromatin-tuning factor and a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Min Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Byunghee Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyun Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyorim Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Johng Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonji Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijoung Yoo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Na Kweon
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- ImmunoBiome, Inc., Pohang 37666, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Roh
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Sysgenlab Inc., Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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Mun SH, Lee CS, Kim HJ, Kim J, Lee H, Yang J, Im SH, Kim JH, Seong JK, Hwang CS. Marchf6 E3 ubiquitin ligase critically regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress, ferroptosis, and metabolic homeostasis in POMC neurons. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112746. [PMID: 37421621 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic prohormone pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is generally translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for entry into the secretory pathway. Patients with mutations within the signal peptide (SP) of POMC or its adjoining segment develop metabolic disorders. However, the existence, metabolic fate, and functional outcomes of cytosol-retained POMC remain unclear. Here, we show that SP-uncleaved POMC is produced in the cytosol of POMC neuronal cells, thus inducing ER stress and ferroptotic cell death. Mechanistically, the cytosol-retained POMC sequesters the chaperone Hspa5 and subsequently accelerates degradation of the glutathione peroxidase Gpx4, a core regulator of ferroptosis, via the chaperone-mediated autophagy. We also show that the Marchf6 E3 ubiquitin ligase mediates the degradation of cytosol-retained POMC, thereby preventing ER stress and ferroptosis. Furthermore, POMC-Cre-mediated Marchf6-deficient mice exhibit hyperphagia, reduced energy expenditure, and weight gain. These findings suggest that Marchf6 is a critical regulator of ER stress, ferroptosis, and metabolic homeostasis in POMC neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyeon Mun
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Chang-Seok Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Jiye Kim
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology and BIO-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Haena Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Jihye Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea; Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea; ImmunoBiome, Inc, Pohang 37666, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung-Hun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea; Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology and BIO-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Cheol-Sang Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
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Lee CG, Cha KH, Kim GC, Im SH, Kwon HK. Exploring probiotic effector molecules and their mode of action in gut-immune interactions. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuad046. [PMID: 37541953 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics, live microorganisms that confer health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts, have gained significant attention for their potential therapeutic applications. The beneficial effects of probiotics are believed to stem from their ability to enhance intestinal barrier function, inhibit pathogens, increase beneficial gut microbes, and modulate immune responses. However, clinical studies investigating the effectiveness of probiotics have yielded conflicting results, potentially due to the wide variety of probiotic species and strains used, the challenges in controlling the desired number of live microorganisms, and the complex interactions between bioactive substances within probiotics. Bacterial cell wall components, known as effector molecules, play a crucial role in mediating the interaction between probiotics and host receptors, leading to the activation of signaling pathways that contribute to the health-promoting effects. Previous reviews have extensively covered different probiotic effector molecules, highlighting their impact on immune homeostasis. Understanding how each probiotic component modulates immune activity at the molecular level may enable the prediction of immunological outcomes in future clinical studies. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the structural and immunological features of probiotic effector molecules, focusing primarily on Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. We also discuss current gaps and limitations in the field and propose directions for future research to enhance our understanding of probiotic-mediated immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Gu Lee
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 679, Saimdang-ro, Gangneung 25451, Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, 679, Saimdang-ro, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 20, Ilsan-ro, Wonju 26493, Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Cha
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 679, Saimdang-ro, Gangneung 25451, Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, 679, Saimdang-ro, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 20, Ilsan-ro, Wonju 26493, Korea
| | - Gi-Cheon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77, Cheongam-ro, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Korea
- ImmunoBiome Inc, Bio Open Innovation Center, 77, Cheongam-ro, Pohang 37673 , Korea
| | - Ho-Keun Kwon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Kim YJ, Oh J, Jung S, Kim CJ, Choi J, Jeon YK, Kim HJ, Kim JW, Suh CH, Lee Y, Im SH, Crotty S, Choi YS. The transcription factor Mef2d regulates B:T synapse-dependent GC-T FH differentiation and IL-21-mediated humoral immunity. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadf2248. [PMID: 36961907 PMCID: PMC10311795 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adf2248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Communication between CD4 T cells and cognate B cells is key for the former to fully mature into germinal center-T follicular helper (GC-TFH) cells and for the latter to mount a CD4 T cell-dependent humoral immune response. Although this interaction occurs in a B:T synapse-dependent manner, how CD4 T cells transcriptionally regulate B:T synapse formation remains largely unknown. Here, we report that Mef2d, an isoform of the myocyte enhancer factor 2 (Mef2) transcription factor family, is a critical regulator of this process. In CD4 T cells, Mef2d negatively regulates expression of Sh2d1a, which encodes SLAM-associated protein (SAP), a critical regulator of B:T synapses. We found that Mef2d regulates Sh2d1a expression via DNA binding-dependent transcriptional repression, inhibiting SAP-dependent B:T synapse formation and preventing antigen-specific CD4 T cells from differentiating into GC-TFH cells. Mef2d also impeded IL-21 production by CD4 T cells, an important B cell help signaling molecule, via direct repression of the Il21 gene. In contrast, CD4 T cell-specific disruption of Mef2d led to a substantial increase in GC-TFH differentiation in response to protein immunization, concurrent with enhanced SAP expression. MEF2D mRNA expression inversely correlates with human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patient autoimmune parameters, including circulating TFH-like cell frequencies, autoantibodies, and SLEDAI scores. These findings highlight Mef2d as a pivotal rheostat in CD4 T cells for controlling GC formation and antibody production by B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ji Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeein Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soohan Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Johng Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Jinyong Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jik Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Suh
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yoontae Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
- ImmunoBiome Inc., Pohang, Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Youn Soo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Lee C, Lee H, Park JC, Im SH. Microbial Components and Effector Molecules in T Helper Cell Differentiation and Function. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e7. [PMID: 36911805 PMCID: PMC9995987 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian intestines harbor trillions of commensal microorganisms composed of thousands of species that are collectively called gut microbiota. Among the microbiota, bacteria are the predominant microorganism, with viruses, protozoa, and fungi (mycobiota) making up a relatively smaller population. The microbial communities play fundamental roles in the maturation and orchestration of the immune landscape in health and disease. Primarily, the gut microbiota modulates the immune system to maintain homeostasis and plays a crucial role in regulating the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of inflammatory, neuronal, and metabolic disorders. The microbiota modulates the host immune system through direct interactions with immune cells or indirect mechanisms such as producing short-chain acids and diverse metabolites. Numerous researchers have put extensive efforts into investigating the role of microbes in immune regulation, discovering novel immunomodulatory microbial species, identifying key effector molecules, and demonstrating how microbes and their key effector molecules mechanistically impact the host immune system. Consequently, recent studies suggest that several microbial species and their immunomodulatory molecules have therapeutic applicability in preclinical settings of multiple disorders. Nonetheless, it is still unclear why and how a handful of microorganisms and their key molecules affect the host immunity in diverse diseases. This review mainly discusses the role of microbes and their metabolites in T helper cell differentiation, immunomodulatory function, and their modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhon Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Haena Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - John Chulhoon Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- ImmunoBiome Inc., Pohang 37673, Korea
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Cho H, Kwon HY, Sharma A, Lee SH, Liu X, Miyamoto N, Kim JJ, Im SH, Kang NY, Chang YT. Visualizing inflammation with an M1 macrophage selective probe via GLUT1 as the gating target. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5974. [PMID: 36216803 PMCID: PMC9550770 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play crucial roles in protecting our bodies from infection and cancers. As macrophages are multi-functional immune cells, they have diverse plastic subsets, such as M1 and M2, derived from naïve M0 cells. Subset-specific macrophage probes are essential for deciphering and monitoring the various activation of macrophages, but developing such probes has been challenging. Here we report a fluorescent probe, CDr17, which is selective for M1 macrophages over M2 or M0. The selective staining mechanism of CDr17 is explicated as Gating-Oriented Live-cell Distinction (GOLD) through overexpressed GLUT1 in M1 macrophages. Finally, we demonstrate the suitability of CDr17 to track M1 macrophages in vivo in a rheumatoid arthritis animal model. Studying the specific roles of macrophage subsets has been hampered by a lack of subset-specific probes. Here the authors report an M1 selective fluorescent probe named CDr17, and demonstrate the suitability of this probe for tracking M1 macrophages in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heewon Cho
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Haw-Young Kwon
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hyeok Lee
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Naoki Miyamoto
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Jin Kim
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.,ImmunoBiome Inc., Pohang, 37666, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Young Kang
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Self-assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Yan M, Komatsu N, Muro R, Huynh NCN, Tomofuji Y, Okada Y, Suzuki HI, Takaba H, Kitazawa R, Kitazawa S, Pluemsakunthai W, Mitsui Y, Satoh T, Okamura T, Nitta T, Im SH, Kim CJ, Kollias G, Tanaka S, Okamoto K, Tsukasaki M, Takayanagi H. ETS1 governs pathological tissue-remodeling programs in disease-associated fibroblasts. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1330-1341. [PMID: 35999392 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01285-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts, the most abundant structural cells, exert homeostatic functions but also drive disease pathogenesis. Single-cell technologies have illuminated the shared characteristics of pathogenic fibroblasts in multiple diseases including autoimmune arthritis, cancer and inflammatory colitis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease-associated fibroblast phenotypes remain largely unclear. Here, we identify ETS1 as the key transcription factor governing the pathological tissue-remodeling programs in fibroblasts. In arthritis, ETS1 drives polarization toward tissue-destructive fibroblasts by orchestrating hitherto undescribed regulatory elements of the osteoclast differentiation factor receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) as well as matrix metalloproteinases. Fibroblast-specific ETS1 deletion resulted in ameliorated bone and cartilage damage under arthritic conditions without affecting the inflammation level. Cross-tissue fibroblast single-cell data analyses and genetic loss-of-function experiments lent support to the notion that ETS1 defines the perturbation-specific fibroblasts shared among various disease settings. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for pathogenic fibroblast polarization and have important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglu Yan
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Komatsu
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Muro
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nam Cong-Nhat Huynh
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Oral-Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Yoshihiko Tomofuji
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi I Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takaba
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Riko Kitazawa
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Ehime University Hospital, Toon City, Japan
| | - Sohei Kitazawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon City, Japan
| | - Warunee Pluemsakunthai
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Mitsui
- Department of Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Innate Cell Therapy, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Satoh
- Department of Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Innate Cell Therapy, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okamura
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nitta
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang, Republic of Korea.,ImmunoBiome, Pohang, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Johng Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - George Kollias
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center (BSRC) 'Alexander Fleming,' Vari, Attika, Greece.,Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Okamoto
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tsukasaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takayanagi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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11
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Park JC, Im SH. The gut-immune-brain axis in neurodevelopment and neurological disorders. Microbiome Res Rep 2022; 1:23. [PMID: 38046904 PMCID: PMC10688819 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2022.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis is gaining momentum as an interdisciplinary field addressing how intestinal microbes influence the central nervous system (CNS). Studies using powerful tools, including germ-free, antibiotic-fed, and fecal microbiota transplanted mice, demonstrate how gut microbiota perturbations alter the fate of neurodevelopment. Probiotics are also becoming more recognized as potentially effective therapeutic agents in alleviating symptoms of neurological disorders. While gut microbes may directly communicate with the CNS through their effector molecules, including metabolites, their influence on neuroimmune populations, including newly discovered brain-resident T cells, underscore the host immunity as a potent mediator of the gut-brain axis. In this review, we examine the unique immune populations within the brain, the effects of the gut microbiota on the CNS, and the efficacy of specific probiotic strains to propose the novel concept of the gut-immune-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Chulhoon Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- ImmunoBiome Inc., POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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12
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Hwang SM, Im SH, Rudra D. Signaling networks controlling ID and E protein activity in T cell differentiation and function. Front Immunol 2022; 13:964581. [PMID: 35983065 PMCID: PMC9379924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.964581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
E and inhibitor of DNA binding (ID) proteins are involved in various cellular developmental processes and effector activities in T cells. Recent findings indicate that E and ID proteins are not only responsible for regulating thymic T cell development but also modulate the differentiation, function, and fate of peripheral T cells in multiple immune compartments. Based on the well-established E and ID protein axis (E-ID axis), it has been recognized that ID proteins interfere with the dimerization of E proteins, thus restricting their transcriptional activities. Given this close molecular relationship, the extent of expression or stability of these two protein families can dynamically affect the expression of specific target genes involved in multiple aspects of T cell biology. Therefore, it is essential to understand the endogenous proteins or extrinsic signaling pathways that can influence the dynamics of the E-ID axis in a cell-specific and context-dependent manner. Here, we provide an overview of E and ID proteins and the functional outcomes of the E-ID axis in the activation and function of multiple peripheral T cell subsets, including effector and memory T cell populations. Further, we review the mechanisms by which endogenous proteins and signaling pathways alter the E-ID axis in various T cell subsets influencing T cell function and fate at steady-state and in pathological settings. A comprehensive understanding of the functions of E and ID proteins in T cell biology can be instrumental in T cell-specific targeting of the E-ID axis to develop novel therapeutic modalities in the context of autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- ImmunoBiome Inc., Bio Open Innovation Center, Pohang, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Sin-Hyeog Im, ; Dipayan Rudra,
| | - Dipayan Rudra
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Sin-Hyeog Im, ; Dipayan Rudra,
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13
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Sharma G, Sharma A, Kim I, Lee S, Lee HN, Park C, Im SH. Abstract 3525: Lactobacillus plantarum IMB19 enhances anti-tumor immune response by modulating multi-layered innate and adaptive immunity. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Intestinal commensals are being increasingly appreciated for their role in modulating the therapeutic efficacy of cancer therapies. Human-associated bacterial strains with demonstrable modulation of anti-tumor immune responses have great potential to be developed as biotherapeutics.We developed the AVATIOME࣪ model, a screening prototype based on murine primary immune cells, rationally targeting the innate and adaptive immune system to identify immuno-stimulating commensals.Our lead Lactobacillus plantarum IMB19 (Lp IMB19), suppresses tumor progression in pre-clinical models of melanoma, renal cancer, and NSCLC. LpIMB19 efficiently potentiates the therapeutic effect of anti-PD-L1 in murine tumor models. A capsular component of LpIMB19, structurally defined as rhamnose-rich hetero-polysaccharide (RHP) recapitulates the anti-tumor efficacy of live bacteria.The TLR2 agonist specifically targets macrophages towards an inflammatory phenotype followed by an increase in the activity of CD8+ IFNy+ T-cells. LpIMB19 and RHP enhance iron sequestration by activated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment through a defined mechanism. Thus, depriving tumor cells of iron and suppressing tumor cell proliferation. Translational investigations revealed the efficacy of LpIMB19 in urinary bladder xenograft studies.LpIMB19 mediated iron sequestration by inflammatory tumor macrophages, a byproduct of innate immune activation along with systemic CD8+ T-cells activation leads to enhancement of anti-tumor immunity. Our data on human cancers suggests the applicability of LpIMB19 as a potential onco-microbiotic. Currently, LpIMB19 is being progressed for clinical investigation as a live bio-therapeutic product (LBP) in combination with immune check-point inhibitors.
Citation Format: Garima Sharma, Amit Sharma, Inhae Kim, SooWoong Lee, Hae-Na Lee, ChangWook Park, Sin-Hyeog Im. Lactobacillus plantarum IMB19 enhances anti-tumor immune response by modulating multi-layered innate and adaptive immunity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3525.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Inhae Kim
- 1ImmunoBiome Inc., Pohang-si, Republic of Korea
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14
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Im SH, Sharma G, Sharma A, Kim I, Lee SW, Lee HN, Park C, Rudra D. Mechanisms of anticancer activity of bacteria in enhancing cancer immunotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e15047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e15047 Background: Numerous studies indicate that selective microbiota could enhance anti-tumor immunity with checkpoint inhibitors. However, it is arduous to identify the best candidate bacteria strains and understand their underlying action mechanisms. Methods: We have developed Avatiome platform technology, an innovative pre-clinical model system that mimics the human body's immune system and microbiome. Avatiome incorporates up-to-date technologies such as immunophenotyping, single-cell transcriptomics, and an Artificial Intelligence system to develop novel therapeutics targeting neuronal, systemic inflammatory diseases, and cancers. Results: We have identified Lp IMB19 as an LBP candidate that can enhance anti-cancer immunity through this technology. Lp IMB19 suppresses tumor progression in pre-clinical models of melanoma, renal cancer, and NSCLC. Lp IMB19 efficiently potentiates the therapeutic effect of anti-PD-L1 in murine tumor models by enhancing the effector function of CD8+ T cells via altering the phenotypes of tumor-infiltrating macrophages with inflammatory M1 type. We have identified rhamnose-rich heteropolysaccharides (RHP) as key effector molecules to induce M1 macrophage in a TLR2 dependent manner. Lp IMB19 also limits the amount of iron availability via Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) to capture trace iron from the microenvironment and switch to an iron sequestration phenotype, subsequently inhibiting tumor growth. No side effect or toxicity is observed in pre-clinical toxicity studies. Conclusions: We are currently developing Lp IMB19 as an onco-biotics for clinical investigation as a live biotherapeutic product (LBP) combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Inhae Kim
- ImmunoBiome Inc., Pohang, South Korea
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15
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Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that mainly affects women in their reproductive years. A complex interaction of environmental and genetic factors leads to the disruption of immune tolerance towards self, causing overt immune activation and production of autoantibodies that attack multiple organs. Kidney damage, termed lupus nephritis, is the leading cause of SLE-related morbidity and mortality. Autoantibodies are central to propagating lupus nephritis through forming immune complexes and triggering complements. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) potently activates complement; therefore, autoantibodies were mainly considered to be of the IgG isotype. However, studies revealed that over 50% of patients produce autoantibodies of the IgE isotype. IgE autoantibodies actively participate in disease pathogenesis as omalizumab treatment, a humanized anti-IgE monoclonal antibody, improved disease severity in an SLE clinical trial. IgE is a hallmark of T helper 2-associated immunity. Thus, T helper 2-associated immunity seems to play a pathogenic role in a subset of SLE patients. This review summarizes human and animal studies that illustrate type 2 immune responses involved during the pathology of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeun Ko
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Chan Johng Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.,Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.,Institute for Convergence Research and Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,ImmunoBiome Inc., Bio Open Innovation Center, Pohang, South Korea
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16
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Hong SM, Lee AY, Hwang SM, Ha YJ, Kim MJ, Min S, Hwang W, Yoon G, Kwon SM, Woo HG, Kim HH, Jeong WI, Shen HM, Im SH, Lee D, Kim YS. NAMPT mitigates colitis severity by supporting redox-sensitive activation of phagocytosis in inflammatory macrophages. Redox Biol 2022; 50:102237. [PMID: 35063804 PMCID: PMC8784331 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) salvage pathway and plays a crucial role in the maintenance of the NAD+ pool during inflammation. Considering that macrophages are essential for tissue homeostasis and inflammation, we sought to examine the functional impact of NAMPT in inflammatory macrophages, particularly in the context of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we show that mice with NAMPT deletion within the myeloid compartment (Namptf/fLysMCre+/-, Nampt mKO) have more pronounced colitis with lower survival rates, as well as numerous uncleared apoptotic corpses within the mucosal layer. Nampt-deficient macrophages exhibit reduced phagocytic activity due to insufficient NAD+ abundance, which is required to produce NADPH for the oxidative burst. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) treatment rescues NADPH levels in Nampt mKO macrophages and sustains superoxide generation via NADPH oxidase. Consequently, Nampt mKO mice fail to clear dead cells during tissue repair, leading to substantially prolonged chronic colitis. Moreover, systemic administration of NMN, to supply NAD+, effectively suppresses the disease severity of DSS-induced colitis. Collectively, our findings suggest that activation of the NAMPT-dependent NAD+ biosynthetic pathway, via NMN administration, is a potential therapeutic strategy for managing inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mi Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Yeon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Jin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongki Min
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hwang
- MSBIOTECH. LTD, Chungbuk, 27672, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyesoon Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - So Mee Kwon
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Woo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Il Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea; ImmunoBiome, Bio Open Innovation Center, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dakeun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - You-Sun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Ventura M, van Sinderen D, Turroni F, Milani C, Munoz J, Haller D, Ross RP, Collado MC, Allen-Vercoe E, Del Rio D, Altermann E, Katayama T, Zoetendal EG, Belzer C, Mena P, Im SH, Gueimonde M, Margolles A, Ruiz L, Lacroix C, Stanton C, Barbara G, Saminen S, Scott KP, Barrangou R, Bottacini F, Marco ML. Editors' Prelude to Microbiome Research Reports. Microbiome Res Rep 2021; 1:1. [PMID: 38059066 PMCID: PMC10696583 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2021.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- School of Microbiology & APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Francesca Turroni
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy
| | - Christian Milani
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy
| | - Jose Munoz
- Applied Sciences Department, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Freising, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80807, Germany
| | - R. Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College, Cork Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia 46007, Spain
| | - Emma Allen-Vercoe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario P0R 1A0, Canada
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy
- Department of Food & Drugs, University of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy
| | - Eric Altermann
- AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Centre, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Takane Katayama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 600-8586, Japan
| | - Erwin G. Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700, The Netherlands
| | - Clara Belzer
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro Mena
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy
- Department of Food & Drugs, University of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 999007, South Korea
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Dairy Products of Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa 33300, Spain
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Dairy Products of Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa 33300, Spain
| | - Lorena Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Dairy Products of Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa 33300, Spain
| | - Christophe Lacroix
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre & APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Giovani Barbara
- Chair of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40121, Italy
| | - Seppo Saminen
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20100, Finland
| | - Karen P. Scott
- Gut Health, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland AB53, UK
| | - Rodolphe Barrangou
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 25911, USA
| | - Francesca Bottacini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, Cork Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Maria L. Marco
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
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18
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Kim S, Le VH, Kim B, Kim CJ, Im SH, Kim KH. Longitudinal Label-Free Two-Photon Microscopy of Cellular Healing Processes in Non-Ablative Fractional Laser Wounds. Lasers Surg Med 2021; 53:1413-1426. [PMID: 34139024 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Wound healing is an important biomedical problem with various associated complications. Although cutaneous wound healing has been studied in vivo extensively using various optical imaging methods, early-stage cellular healing processes were difficult to study due to scab formation. The objective of this study is to demonstrate that minimal laser wounds and optical microscopy can access the detailed cellular healing processes of cutaneous wounds from the early stage. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS A non-ablative fractional laser (NAFL) and label-free two-photon microscopy (TPM) were used to induce minimal cutaneous wounds and to image the wounds in three-dimension. Sixteen hairless mice and a single human volunteer were used. NAFL wounds were induced in the hindlimb skin of the mice and in the forearm skin of the human subject. The NAFL wounds were longitudinally imaged during the healing period, starting from an hour post wound induction in the earliest and until 21 days. Cells in the wound and surrounding normal skin were visualized based on two-photon excited auto-fluorescence (TPAF), and cellular changes were tracked by analyzing longitudinal TPM images both qualitatively and quantitatively. Damage and recovery in the skin dermis were tracked by using the second harmonic generation (SHG) signal of collagen. Immunofluorescence and hematoxylin and eosin histology analysis were conducted to validate the TPM results of the murine skin. RESULTS Cellular healing processes in NAFL wounds and surroundings could be observed by longitudinal TPM. In the case of murine skin, various healing phases including inflammation, re-epithelization, granulation tissue formation, and late remodeling phase including collagen regeneration were observed in the same wounds owing to minimal or no scab formation. The re-epithelization process was analyzed quantitatively by measuring cell density and thickness of the epithelium in the wound surroundings. In the case of the human skin, the access inside the wound was blocked for a few days post wound induction due to scabs but the cellular changes in the wound surroundings were observed from the early stage. Cellular healing processes in the NAFL wound of the human skin were similar to those in murine skin. CONCLUSIONS The minimal NAFL wound model and label-free TPM demonstrated the cell level assessment of wound healing processes with applicability to human subjects. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghan Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Viet-Hoan Le
- Department of Life Sciences & Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumju Kim
- Department of Life Sciences & Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Johng Kim
- Department of Life Sciences & Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences & Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.,ImmunoBiome Inc. Bio Open Innovation Center, 47 Jigok-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbukdo, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hean Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
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19
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Lee C, Verma R, Byun S, Jeun EJ, Kim GC, Lee S, Kang HJ, Kim CJ, Sharma G, Lahiri A, Paul S, Kim KS, Hwang DS, Iwakura Y, Speciale I, Molinaro A, De Castro C, Rudra D, Im SH. Structural specificities of cell surface β-glucan polysaccharides determine commensal yeast mediated immuno-modulatory activities. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3611. [PMID: 34127673 PMCID: PMC8203763 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast is an integral part of mammalian microbiome, and like commensal bacteria, has the potential of being harnessed to influence immunity in clinical settings. However, functional specificities of yeast-derived immunoregulatory molecules remain elusive. Here we find that while under steady state, β-1,3-glucan-containing polysaccharides potentiate pro-inflammatory properties, a relatively less abundant class of cell surface polysaccharides, dubbed mannan/β-1,6-glucan-containing polysaccharides (MGCP), is capable of exerting potent anti-inflammatory effects to the immune system. MGCP, in contrast to previously identified microbial cell surface polysaccharides, through a Dectin1-Cox2 signaling axis in dendritic cells, facilitates regulatory T (Treg) cell induction from naïve T cells. Furthermore, through a TLR2-dependent mechanism, it restrains Th1 differentiation of effector T cells by suppressing IFN-γ expression. As a result, administration of MGCP display robust suppressive capacity towards experimental inflammatory disease models of colitis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice, thereby highlighting its potential therapeutic utility against clinically relevant autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhon Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Verma
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- ImmmunoBiome Inc, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seohyun Byun
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Jeun
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Cheon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyoung Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ji Kang
- Advanced convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- HEM, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Johng Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Garima Sharma
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- ImmmunoBiome Inc, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Abhishake Lahiri
- Division of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sandip Paul
- Division of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
- JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research, JIS University, Kolkata, India
| | - Kwang Soon Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda-shi, Chiba, Japan
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Immacolata Speciale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli, Portici, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Cristina De Castro
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli, Portici, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Dipayan Rudra
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- ImmmunoBiome Inc, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- ImmmunoBiome Inc, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Cho K, Spasova D, Hong SW, O E, Surh CD, Im SH, Kim KS. Listeria monocytogenes Establishes Commensalism in Germ-Free Mice Through the Reversible Downregulation of Virulence Gene Expression. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666088. [PMID: 34012449 PMCID: PMC8126713 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine harbors a complex community of bacterial species collectively known as commensal microbiota. Specific species of resident bacteria, as known as pathobiont, have pathogenic potential and can induce apparent damage to the host and intestinal inflammation in a certain condition. However, the host immune factors that permit its commensalism under steady state conditions are not clearly understood. Here, we studied the gut fitness of Listeria monocytogenes by using germ-free (GF) mice orally infected with this food-borne pathogen. L. monocytogenes persistently exists in the gut of GF mice without inducing chronic immunopathology. L. monocytogenes at the late phase of infection is not capable of infiltrating through the intestinal barrier. L. monocytogenes established the commensalism through the reversible down regulation of virulence gene expression. CD8+ T cells were found to be sufficient for the commensalism of L. monocytogenes. CD8+ T cells responding to L. monocytogenes contributed to the down-regulation of virulence gene expression. Our data provide important insights into the host-microbe interaction and have implications for developing therapeutics against immune disorders induced by intestinal pathogens or pathobionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungjin Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Darina Spasova
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sung-Wook Hong
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Eunju O
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Charles D Surh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea.,Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Kwang Soon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
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21
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Yang C, Kwon DI, Kim M, Im SH, Lee YJ. Commensal Microbiome Expands Tγδ17 Cells in the Lung and Promotes Particulate Matter-Induced Acute Neutrophilia. Front Immunol 2021; 12:645741. [PMID: 33854510 PMCID: PMC8039457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.645741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) induces neutrophilic inflammation and deteriorates the prognosis of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and infections, including COVID-19. Here, we addressed the role of γδ T cells and intestinal microbiome in PM-induced acute neutrophilia. γδ T cells are a heterogeneous population composed of Tγδ1, Tγδ2, Tγδ17, and naïve γδ T cells (TγδN) and commensal bacteria promote local expansion of Tγδ17 cells, particularly in the lung and gut without affecting their Vγ repertoire. Tγδ17 cells are more tissue resident than Tγδ1 cells, while TγδN cells are circulating cells. IL-1R expression in Tγδ17 cells is highest in the lung and they outnumber all the other type 17 cells such as Th17, ILC3, NKT17, and MAIT17 cells. Upon PM exposure, IL-1β-secreting neutrophils and IL-17-producing Tγδ17 cells attract each other around the airways. Accordingly, PM-induced neutrophilia was significantly relieved in γδ T- or IL-17-deficient and germ-free mice. Collectively, these findings show that the commensal microbiome promotes PM-induced neutrophilia in the lung via Tγδ17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chorong Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Dong-Il Kwon
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Mingyu Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea.,ImmunoBiome Inc., Pohang-si, South Korea
| | - You Jeong Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea.,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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22
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Kwon PK, Kim HM, Kang B, Kim SW, Hwang SM, Im SH, Roh TY, Kim KT. hnRNP K supports the maintenance of RORγ circadian rhythm through ERK signaling. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21507. [PMID: 33724572 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002076r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γ (RORγ) maintains the circadian rhythms of its downstream genes. However, the mechanism behind the transcriptional activation of RORγ itself remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that transcription of RORγ is activated by heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) via the poly(C) motif within its proximal promoter. Interestingly, we confirmed the binding of endogenous hnRNP K within RORγ1 and RORγ2 promoter along with the recruitment of RNA polymerase 2 through chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Furthermore, an assay for transposase accessible chromatin (ATAC)-qPCR showed that hnRNP K induced higher chromatin accessibility within the RORγ1 and RORγ2 promoter. Then we found that the knockdown of hnRNP K lowers RORγ mRNA oscillation amplitude in both RORγ and RORγ-dependent metabolic genes. Moreover, we demonstrated that time-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation controls mRNA oscillation of RORγ and RORγ-dependent metabolic genes through hnRNP K. Taken together, our results provide new insight into the regulation of RORγ by hnRNP K as a transcriptional activator, along with its physiological significance in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kwangho Kwon
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Min Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Byunghee Kang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Wook Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Hwang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Roh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong-Tai Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
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23
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Abstract
Objective To investigate the clinical effects of IRT5 probiotics in the environmental dry eye model. Methods Eight week old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two groups; control group (n = 16) received oral gavage of 300 μL phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) alone once daily, IRT5 group (n = 9) received oral gavage of 1 x 109 CFU IRT5 probiotics powder in 300 μL PBS once daily, both groups for 11 to 12 days. Simultaneously, all mice underwent dry eye induction. Tear secretion, corneal staining and conjunctival goblet cell density were evaluated. Quantative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for inflammation-related markers was performed. 16S ribosomal RNA of fecal microbiome was analyzed and compositional difference, alpha and beta diversities were assessed. Results There was no difference in NEI score but significant increase in tear secretion was observed in IRT5 group (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in goblet cell density between groups. Quantative RT-PCR of cornea and conjunctiva revealed increased TNF-α expression in IRT5 group (p < 0.001) whereas other markers did not significantly differ from control. IRT5 group had significantly increased species diversity by Shannon index (p = 0.041). Beta diversity of genus by UniFrac principle coordinates analysis showed significant distance between groups (p = 0.001). Compositional differences between groups were observed and some were significantly associated with tear secretion. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed Christensenellaceae (p = 0.009), Lactobacillus Helveticus group (p = 0.002) and PAC001797_s (p = 0.011) to strongly influence tear secretion. Conclusion In experimental dry eye model, IRT5 probiotics treatment partially improves experimental dry eye by increasing tear secretion which was associated with and influenced by the change in intestinal microbiome. Also, intestinal microbiome may affect the lacrimal gland through a different mechanism other than regulating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayoon Moon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Suk Ryu
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yeop Kim
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- ImmunoBiome Inc. POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Kum Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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24
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Park JC, Im SH. Of men in mice: the development and application of a humanized gnotobiotic mouse model for microbiome therapeutics. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1383-1396. [PMID: 32908211 PMCID: PMC8080820 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence points to the critical role of the gut microbiota in physiology and disease. The administration of live microbes as a therapeutic modality is increasingly being considered. However, key questions such as how to identify candidate microorganisms and which preclinical models are relevant to recapitulate human microbiota remain largely unanswered. The establishment of a humanized gnotobiotic mouse model through the fecal microbiota transplantation of human feces into germ-free mice provides an innovative and powerful tool to mimic the human microbial system. However, numerous considerations are required in designing such a model, as various elements, ranging from the factors pertaining to human donors to the mouse genetic background, affect how microbes colonize the gut. Thus, it is critical to match the murine context to that of human donors to provide a continuous and faithful progression of human flora in mice. This is of even greater importance when the need for accuracy and reproducibility across global research groups are taken into account. Here, we review the key factors that affect the formulation of a humanized mouse model representative of the human gut flora and propose several approaches as to how researchers can effectively design such models for clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Chulhoon Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea. .,ImmunoBiome Inc. POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Kim TK, Lee JC, Im SH, Lee MS. Amelioration of Autoimmune Diabetes of NOD Mice by Immunomodulating Probiotics. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1832. [PMID: 33013834 PMCID: PMC7496355 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 autoimmune diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by specific destruction of pancreatic β-cells producing insulin. Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota and immunity are closely linked to systemic immunity, affecting the balance between pro-inflammatory and regulatory immune responses. Altered gut microbiota may be causally related to the development of immune-mediated diseases, and probiotics have been suggested to have modulatory effects on inflammatory diseases and immune disorders. We studied whether a probiotic combination that has immunomodulatory effects on several inflammatory diseases can reduce the incidence of diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, a classical animal model of human T1D. When Immune Regulation and Tolerance 5 (IRT5), a probiotic combination comprising Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium bifidium, and Streptococcus thermophiles, was administered 6 times a week for 36 weeks to NOD mice, beginning at 4 weeks of age, the incidence of diabetes was significantly reduced. Insulitis score was also significantly reduced, and β-cell mass was conversely increased by IRT5 administration. IRT5 administration significantly reduced gut permeability in NOD mice. The proportion of total regulatory T cells was not changed by IRT5 administration; however, the proportion of CCR9+ regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing gut-homing receptor was significantly increased in pancreatic lymph nodes (PLNs) and lamina propria of the small intestine (SI-LP). Type 1 T helper (Th1) skewing was reduced in PLNs by IRT5 administration. IRT5 could be a candidate for an effective probiotic combination, which can be safely administered to inhibit or prevent type 1 diabetes (T1D).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kang Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- ImmunoBiome. Inc., Pohang, South Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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26
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Ko HJ, Hong SW, Verma R, Jung J, Lee M, Kim N, Kim D, Surh CD, Kim KS, Rudra D, Im SH. Dietary Glucose Consumption Promotes RALDH Activity in Small Intestinal CD103 +CD11b + Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1897. [PMID: 32849649 PMCID: PMC7433714 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal dehydrogenase (RALDH) enzymatic activities catalyze the conversion of vitamin A to its metabolite Retinoic acid (RA) in intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) and promote immunological tolerance. However, precise understanding of the exogenous factors that act as initial trigger of RALDH activity in these cells is still evolving. By using germ-free (GF) mice raised on an antigen free (AF) elemental diet, we find that certain components in diet are critically required to establish optimal RALDH expression and activity, most prominently in small intestinal CD103+CD11b+ DCs (siLP-DCs) right from the beginning of their lives. Surprisingly, systematic screens using modified diets devoid of individual dietary components indicate that proteins, starch and minerals are dispensable for this activity. On the other hand, in depth comparison between subtle differences in dietary composition among different dietary regimes reveal that adequate glucose concentration in diet is a critical determinant for establishing RALDH activity specifically in siLP-DCs. Consequently, pre-treatment of siLP-DCs, and not mesenteric lymph node derived MLNDCs with glucose, results in significant enhancement in the in vitro generation of induced Regulatory T (iTreg) cells. Our findings reveal previously underappreciated role of dietary glucose concentration in establishing regulatory properties in intestinal DCs, thereby extending a potential therapeutic module against intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ja Ko
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang-si, South Korea
| | - Sung-Wook Hong
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang-si, South Korea
| | - Ravi Verma
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang-si, South Korea.,ImmunoBiome Inc., Pohang-si, South Korea
| | - Jisun Jung
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang-si, South Korea
| | - Minji Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang-si, South Korea
| | - Nahyun Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang-si, South Korea
| | - Daeun Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang-si, South Korea
| | - Charles D Surh
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang-si, South Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang-si, South Korea
| | - Kwang Soon Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang-si, South Korea
| | - Dipayan Rudra
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang-si, South Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang-si, South Korea.,ImmunoBiome Inc., Pohang-si, South Korea
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Choi SH, Oh JW, Ryu JS, Kim HM, Im SH, Kim KP, Kim MK. IRT5 Probiotics Changes Immune Modulatory Protein Expression in the Extraorbital Lacrimal Glands of an Autoimmune Dry Eye Mouse Model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:42. [PMID: 32232342 PMCID: PMC7401425 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.3.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose While the association between the gut microbiome and the immune system has been studied in autoimmune disorders, little is known about ocular disease. Previously we reported that IRT5, a mixture of five probiotic strains, could suppress autoimmune dry eye. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which IRT5 performs its immunomodulatory function in a mouse model of autoimmune dry eye. Methods NOD.B10.H2b mice were used as an autoimmune dry eye model. Either IRT5 or PBS was gavaged orally for 3 weeks, with or without 5 days of antibiotic pretreatment. The effects on clinical features, extraorbital lacrimal gland and spleen proteins, and fecal microbiota were analyzed. Results The ocular staining score was lower, and tear secretion was higher, in the IRT5-treated groups than in the PBS-treated groups. After IRT5 treatment, the downregulated lacrimal gland proteins were enriched in the biological processes of defense response and immune system process. The relative abundances of 33 operational taxonomic units were higher, and 53 were lower, in the feces of the IRT5-treated groups than in those of the PBS-treated groups. IRT5 administration without antibiotic pretreatment also showed immunomodulatory functions with increases in the Lactobacillus helveticus group and Lactobacillus hamsteri. Additional proteomic assays revealed a decrease of proteins related to antigen-presenting processes in the CD11b+ and CD11c+ cells of spleen in the IRT5-treated groups. Conclusions Changes in the gut microbiome after IRT5 treatment improved clinical manifestations in the autoimmune dry eye model via the downregulation of antigen-presenting processes in immune networks.
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Yang J, Kim CJ, Go YS, Lee HY, Kim MG, Oh SW, Cho WY, Im SH, Jo SK. Intestinal microbiota control acute kidney injury severity by immune modulation. Kidney Int 2020; 98:932-946. [PMID: 32470493 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota impacts the host immune system and influences the outcomes of chronic diseases. However, it remains uncertain whether acute kidney injury (AKI) impacts intestinal microbiota or vice versa. To determine this, we investigated the mechanistic link between AKI, microbiota, and immune response in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Microbiota alteration and its biological consequences after ischemia/reperfusion injury were examined and the effect of dysbiotic microbiota on the outcome of AKI was also assessed by colonizing germ-free mice with post-AKI microbiota. The role of Th17, Th1, Tregs cells and macrophage polarization in mediating the renoprotective effect of antibiotic induced microbiota depletion in ischemia/reperfusion injury was also determined. Increase of Enterobacteriacea, decrease of Lactobacilli, and Ruminococacceae were found to be the hallmarks of ischemia/reperfusion injury induced dysbiosis and were associated with a decreased levels of short-chain fatty acids, intestinal inflammation and leaky gut. Colonizing germ-free mice with post-AKI microbiota worsened ischemia/reperfusion injury severity with exaggerated inflammation in recipient mice compared to colonizing with microbiota from sham operated mice. Microbiota depletion by oral antibiotics protected against ischemia/reperfusion injury. This renoprotective effect was associated with reduced Th 17, Th 1 response along with expansion of regulatory T cells, and M2 macrophages. Our study demonstrated a unique bidirectional relationship between the kidney and the intestine during AKI. Intestinal dysbiosis, inflammation and leaky gut are consequences of AKI but they also represent an important modifier determining post-AKI severity. Thus, targeting the intestinal microbiota might provide a novel therapeutic strategy in AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Johng Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology & Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sook Go
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Young Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Gyu Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Won Oh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Yong Cho
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology & Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Kyung Jo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical College, Seoul, Korea.
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Kim GC, Lee CG, Verma R, Rudra D, Kim T, Kang K, Nam JH, Kim Y, Im SH, Kwon HK. ETS1 Suppresses Tumorigenesis of Human Breast Cancer via Trans-Activation of Canonical Tumor Suppressor Genes. Front Oncol 2020; 10:642. [PMID: 32477936 PMCID: PMC7239993 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
ETS1 has shown dichotomous roles as an oncogene and a tumor suppressor gene in diverse cancers, but its functionality in breast cancer tumorigenesis still remains unclear. We utilized the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to analyze comprehensive functions of ETS1 in human breast cancer (BRCA) patients by investigating its expression patterns and methylation status in relation to clinical prognosis. ETS1 expression was significantly diminished by hyper-methylation of the ETS1 promoter region in specimens from BRCA patients compared to a healthy control group. Moreover, ETS1high BRCA patients showed better prognosis and longer survival compared to ETS1low BRCA patients. Consistent with clinical evidence, comparative transcriptome analysis combined with CRISPR/Cas9 or shRNA based perturbation of ETS1 expression revealed direct as well as indirect mechanisms of ETS1 that hinder tumorigenesis of BRCA cells. Taken together, our study enlightens a novel function of ETS1 as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Cheon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Choong-Gu Lee
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Ravi Verma
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Dipayan Rudra
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Taemook Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Keunsoo Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jong Hee Nam
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Young Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Ho-Keun Kwon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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30
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Garcia-Vello P, Sharma G, Speciale I, Molinaro A, Im SH, De Castro C. Structural features and immunological perception of the cell surface glycans of Lactobacillus plantarum: a novel rhamnose-rich polysaccharide and teichoic acids. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 233:115857. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Kim JE, Sharma A, Sharma G, Lee SY, Shin HS, Rudra D, Im SH. Lactobacillus pentosus Modulates Immune Response by Inducing IL-10 Producing Tr1 Cells. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e39. [PMID: 31921469 PMCID: PMC6943172 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several gut commensals have been shown to modulate host immune response. Recently, many food derived microbes have also been reported to affect the immune system. However, a mechanism to identify immunostimulatory and immunoregulatory microbes is needed. Here, we successfully established an in vitro screening system and identified an immunoregulatory bacterium, Lactobacillus pentosus KF340 (LP340), present in various fermented foods. LP340 induced a regulatory phenotype in mice Ag presenting cells which, in turn, induced IL-10 and IFN-γ producing Type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1 cells) from naïve CD4+ T cells. Naïve CD4+ T cells co-cultured with LP340 treated dendritic cells highly expressed cytokine receptor IL-27R and were CD49b and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 double positive. Oral administration of LP340 in mice with atopic dermatitis reduced cellular infiltration in affected ear lobes and serum IgE levels, thus, ameliorating the disease symptoms. This suggests a systemic immunoregulatory effect of LP340. These findings demonstrate that LP340, a bacterium derived from food, prevents systemic inflammation through the induction of IL-10 producing Tr1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Kim
- SK Biopharmaceuticals (HQ), Seongnam 13494, Korea
| | - Amit Sharma
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Garima Sharma
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - So Young Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
- KFRI School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
- KFRI School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Dipayan Rudra
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
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32
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Kwon HK, Hwang JS, So JS, Lee CG, Sahoo A, Ryu JH, Jeon WK, Ko BS, Lee SH, Park ZY, Im SH. Correction to: Cinnamon extract induces tumor cell death through inhibition of NFκB and AP1. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1113. [PMID: 31727003 PMCID: PMC6857335 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Keun Kwon
- School of Life Sciences and Immune Synapse Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 1 Oryong-dong, Puk-ku, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Hwang
- School of Life Sciences and Immune Synapse Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 1 Oryong-dong, Puk-ku, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seon So
- School of Life Sciences and Immune Synapse Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 1 Oryong-dong, Puk-ku, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Gu Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Immune Synapse Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 1 Oryong-dong, Puk-ku, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Anupama Sahoo
- School of Life Sciences and Immune Synapse Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 1 Oryong-dong, Puk-ku, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ha Ryu
- School of Life Sciences and Immune Synapse Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 1 Oryong-dong, Puk-ku, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kyung Jeon
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Seob Ko
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Haeng Lee
- Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Zee Yong Park
- School of Life Sciences and Immune Synapse Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 1 Oryong-dong, Puk-ku, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- School of Life Sciences and Immune Synapse Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 1 Oryong-dong, Puk-ku, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea.
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Lee JY, Lee E, Hong SW, Kim D, Eunju O, Sprent J, Im SH, Lee YJ, Surh CD. TCB2, a new anti-human interleukin-2 antibody, facilitates heterodimeric IL-2 receptor signaling and improves anti-tumor immunity. Oncoimmunology 2019; 9:1681869. [PMID: 32002288 PMCID: PMC6959431 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1681869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-2 is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays an essential role in the survival, expansion, and function of CD8 T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and natural killer (NK) cells. Previous studies showed that binding IL-2 with an anti-IL-2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) with a particular specificity could block its interaction with IL-2Rα, which is mainly expressed on Tregs. This selectivity can enhance the anti-tumor effects of IL-2 by activating CD8 T and NK cells, while disfavoring Treg stimulation. Based on this, we newly developed a series of anti-human IL-2 (hIL-2) mAbs (TCB1-3) that selectively stimulate CD8 T and NK cells without overtly activating Tregs. Among them, the hIL-2/TCB2 complex (hIL-2/TCB2c) exerted the best efficacy by inducing a prodigious expansion of host memory phenotype (MP) CD8 T (60-fold) and NK cells (18-fold) with less efficient Treg proliferation (5-fold). As a result, there was an average eightfold increase in the ratio of MP CD8 to Tregs. Accordingly, hIL-2/TCB2c strongly inhibited the growth of B16F10, MC38, and CT26 tumors. More remarkably, hIL-2/TCB2c showed synergy with checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-CTLA-4 or PD1 antibodies, and resulted in almost complete regression of implanted tumors and resistance to secondary tumor challenge. For direct clinical use, we generated a humanized form of TCB2 that had equal immunostimulatory and anti-tumor efficacy as a murine one. Collectively, these results show that TCB2 can provide a potent immunotherapeutic modality either alone or together with checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Young Lee
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wook Hong
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeun Kim
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - O Eunju
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan Sprent
- Department of Immunology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jeong Lee
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Charles D Surh
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.,Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
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34
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Verma R, Lee C, Jeun EJ, Yi J, Kim KS, Ghosh A, Byun S, Lee CG, Kang HJ, Kim GC, Jun CD, Jan G, Suh CH, Jung JY, Sprent J, Rudra D, De Castro C, Molinaro A, Surh CD, Im SH. Cell surface polysaccharides of Bifidobacterium bifidum induce the generation of Foxp3 + regulatory T cells. Sci Immunol 2019; 3:3/28/eaat6975. [PMID: 30341145 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aat6975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of intestinal microflora is linked to inflammatory disorders associated with compromised immunosuppressive functions of Foxp3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells. Although mucosa-associated commensal microbiota has been implicated in Treg generation, molecular identities of the "effector" components controlling this process remain largely unknown. Here, we have defined Bifidobacterium bifidum as a potent inducer of Foxp3+ Treg cells with diverse T cell receptor specificity to dietary antigens, commensal bacteria, and B. bifidum itself. Cell surface β-glucan/galactan (CSGG) polysaccharides of B. bifidum were identified as key components responsible for Treg induction. CSGG efficiently recapitulated the activity of whole bacteria and acted via regulatory dendritic cells through a partially Toll-like receptor 2-mediated mechanism. Treg cells induced by B. bifidum or purified CSGG display stable and robust suppressive capacity toward experimental colitis. By identifying CSGG as a functional component of Treg-inducing bacteria, our studies highlight the immunomodulatory potential of CSGG and CSGG-producing microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Verma
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhon Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Jeun
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeu Yi
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Soon Kim
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ambarnil Ghosh
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seohyun Byun
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Gu Lee
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ji Kang
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Cheon Kim
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Duk Jun
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwenaël Jan
- INRA-Agrocampus Ouest Rennes, UMR 1253 STLO, Rennes, France
| | - Chang-Hee Suh
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine,164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yang Jung
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine,164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan Sprent
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.,Immunology Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Dipayan Rudra
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Cristina De Castro
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli, 80055 Portici, Italy.,Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy.,Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Charles D Surh
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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Hasan SN, Sharma A, Ghosh S, Hong SW, Roy-Chowdhuri S, Im SH, Kang K, Rudra D. Bcl11b prevents catastrophic autoimmunity by controlling multiple aspects of a regulatory T cell gene expression program. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaaw0706. [PMID: 31457081 PMCID: PMC6685721 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Foxp3 and its protein partners establish a regulatory T (Treg) cell transcription profile and promote immunological tolerance. However, molecular features contributing to a Treg-specific gene expression program are still incompletely understood. We find that the transcription factor Bcl11b is a prominent Foxp3 cofactor with multifaceted functions in Treg biology. Optimal genomic recruitment of Foxp3 and Bcl11b is critically interdependent. Genome-wide occupancy studies coupled with gene expression profiling reveal that Bcl11b, in association with Foxp3, is primarily responsible in establishing a Treg-specific gene activation program. Furthermore, Bcl11b restricts misdirected recruitment of Foxp3 to sites, which would otherwise result in an altered Treg transcriptome profile. Consequently, Treg-specific ablation of Bcl11b results in marked breakdown of immune tolerance, leading to aggressive systemic autoimmunity. Our study provides previously underappreciated mechanistic insights into molecular events contributing to basic aspects of Treg function. Furthermore, it establishes a therapeutic target with potential implications in autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Nurul Hasan
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Sharma
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sayantani Ghosh
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wook Hong
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunsoo Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Dipayan Rudra
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author.
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Kim CJ, Lee CG, Jung JY, Ghosh A, Hasan SN, Hwang SM, Kang H, Lee C, Kim GC, Rudra D, Suh CH, Im SH. The Transcription Factor Ets1 Suppresses T Follicular Helper Type 2 Cell Differentiation to Halt the Onset of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Immunity 2019; 49:1034-1048.e8. [PMID: 30566881 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in ETS1 are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Ets1-/- mice develop SLE-like symptoms, suggesting that dysregulation of this transcription factor is important to the onset or progression of SLE. We used conditional deletion approaches to examine the impact of Ets1 expression in different immune cell types. Ets1 deletion on CD4+ T cells, but not B cells or dendritic cells, resulted in the SLE autoimmunity, and this was associated with the spontaneous expansion of T follicular helper type 2 (Tfh2) cells. Ets1-/- Tfh2 cells exhibited increased expression of GATA-3 and interleukin-4 (IL-4), which induced IgE isotype switching in B cells. Neutralization of IL-4 reduced Tfh2 cell frequencies and ameliorated disease parameters. Mechanistically, Ets1 suppressed signature Tfh and Th2 cell genes, including Cxcr5, Bcl6, and Il4ra, thus curbing the terminal Tfh2 cell differentiation process. Tfh2 cell frequencies in SLE patients correlated with disease parameters, providing evidence for the relevance of these findings to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Johng Kim
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea; Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Gu Lee
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yang Jung
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Ambarnil Ghosh
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Syed Nurul Hasan
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea; Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Hwang
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea; Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeji Kang
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhon Lee
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea; Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Cheon Kim
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dipayan Rudra
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Suh
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea; Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.
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37
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Lee CG, Kwon HK, Kang H, Kim Y, Nam JH, Won YH, Park S, Kim T, Kang K, Rudra D, Jun CD, Park ZY, Im SH. Ets1 suppresses atopic dermatitis by suppressing pathogenic T cell responses. JCI Insight 2019; 4:124202. [PMID: 30843878 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex inflammatory skin disease mediated by immune cells of both adaptive and innate types. Among them, CD4+ Th cells are one of major players of AD pathogenesis. Although the pathogenic role of Th2 cells has been well characterized, Th17/Th22 cells are also implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenic immune responses in AD remain unclear. We sought to investigate how the defect in the AD susceptibility gene, Ets1, is involved in AD pathogenesis in human and mice and its clinical relevance in disease severity by identifying Ets1 target genes and binding partners. Consistent with the decrease in ETS1 levels in severe AD patients and the experimental AD-like skin inflammation model, T cell-specific Ets1-deficient mice (Ets1ΔdLck) developed severe AD-like symptoms with increased pathogenic Th cell responses. A T cell-intrinsic increase of gp130 expression upon Ets1 deficiency promotes the gp130-mediated IL-6 signaling pathway, thereby leading to the development of severe AD-like symptoms. Functional blocking of gp130 by selective inhibitor SC144 ameliorated the disease pathogenesis by reducing pathogenic Th cell responses. Our results reveal a protective role of Ets1 in restricting pathogenic Th cell responses and suggest a potential therapeutic target for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Gu Lee
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, South Korea.,Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Ho-Keun Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeji Kang
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Young Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | | | - Young Ho Won
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sunhee Park
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Taemook Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Keunsoo Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Dipayan Rudra
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (IBB), Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Chang-Duk Jun
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Zee Yong Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (IBB), Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
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38
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Hwang SM, Sharma G, Verma R, Byun S, Rudra D, Im SH. Inflammation-induced Id2 promotes plasticity in regulatory T cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4736. [PMID: 30413714 PMCID: PMC6226514 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
TH17 cells originating from regulatory T (Treg) cells upon loss of the Treg-specific transcription factor Foxp3 accumulate in sites of inflammation and aggravate autoimmune diseases. Whether an active mechanism drives the generation of these pathogenic 'ex-Foxp3 TH17' cells, remains unclear. Here we show that pro-inflammatory cytokines enhance the expression of transcription regulator Id2, which mediates cellular plasticity of Treg into ex-Foxp3 TH17 cells. Expression of Id2 in in vitro differentiated iTreg cells reduces the expression of Foxp3 by sequestration of the transcription activator E2A, leading to the induction of TH17-related cytokines. Treg-specific ectopic expression of Id2 in mice significantly reduces the Treg compartment and causes immune dysregulation. Cellular fate-mapping experiments reveal enhanced Treg plasticity compared to wild-type, resulting in exacerbated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis pathogenesis or enhanced anti-tumor immunity. Our findings suggest that controlling Id2 expression may provide a novel approach for effective Treg cell immunotherapies for both autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min Hwang
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Garima Sharma
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Verma
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seohyun Byun
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dipayan Rudra
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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39
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Hwang JS, Im CR, Im SH. Erratum: Immune Disorders and Its Correlation with Gut Microbiome. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e40. [PMID: 30402335 PMCID: PMC6215905 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Hwang
- School of Life Sciences and Immune Synapse Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Chang-Rok Im
- Global Leader Program, Bugil Academy, Cheonan 31115, Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- School of Life Sciences and Immune Synapse Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
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40
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Ghosh S, Roy-Chowdhuri S, Kang K, Im SH, Rudra D. The transcription factor Foxp1 preserves integrity of an active Foxp3 locus in extrathymic Treg cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4473. [PMID: 30367168 PMCID: PMC6203760 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells, which are broadly classified as thymically derived (tTreg) or extrathymically induced (iTreg), suppress immune responses and display stringent dependence to the transcription factor Foxp3. However precise understanding of molecular events that promote and preserve Foxp3 expression in Treg cells is still evolving. Here we show that Foxp1, a forkhead transcription factor and a sibling family member of Foxp3, is essential for sustaining optimal expression of Foxp3 specifically in iTreg cells. Deletion of Foxp1 renders iTreg cells to gradually lose Foxp3, resulting in dramatically reduced Nrp1-Helios- iTreg compartment as well as augmented intestinal inflammation in aged mice. Our finding underscores a mechanistic module in which evolutionarily related transcription factors establish a molecular program to ensure efficient immune homeostasis. Furthermore, it provides a novel target that can be potentially modulated to exclusively reinforce iTreg stability keeping their thymic counterpart unperturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantani Ghosh
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Keunsoo Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dipayan Rudra
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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41
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Jang WH, Park A, Wang T, Kim CJ, Chang H, Yang BG, Kim MJ, Myung SJ, Im SH, Jang MH, Kim YM, Kim KH. Two-photon microscopy of Paneth cells in the small intestine of live mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14174. [PMID: 30242205 PMCID: PMC6155010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Paneth cells are one of the principal epithelial cell types in the small intestine, located at the base of intestinal crypts. Paneth cells play key roles in intestinal host-microbe homeostasis via granule secretion, and their dysfunction is implicated in pathogenesis of several diseases including Crohn’s disease. Despite their physiological importance, study of Paneth cells has been hampered by the limited accessibility and lack of labeling methods. In this study, we developed a simple in vivo imaging method of Paneth cells in the intact mouse small intestine by using moxifloxacin and two-photon microscopy (TPM). Moxifloxacin, an FDA-approved antibiotic, was used for labeling cells and its fluorescence was strongly observed in Paneth cell granules by TPM. Moxifloxacin labeling of Paneth cell granules was confirmed by molecular counterstaining. Comparison of Paneth cells in wild type, genetically obese (ob/ob), and germ-free (GF) mice showed different granule distribution. Furthermore, Paneth cell degranulation was observed in vivo. Our study suggests that TPM with moxifloxacin labeling can serve as a useful tool for studying Paneth cell biology and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Hyuk Jang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Areum Park
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejun Wang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Johng Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoonchul Chang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Gie Yang
- 507 Avison Biomedical Research Center, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Joon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro, 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Myung
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro, 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.,Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Ho Jang
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Me Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Hean Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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42
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Kim J, Lee JY, Cho K, Hong SW, Kim KS, Sprent J, Im SH, Surh CD, Cho JH. Spontaneous Proliferation of CD4 + T Cells in RAG-Deficient Hosts Promotes Antigen-Independent but IL-2-Dependent Strong Proliferative Response of Naïve CD8 + T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1907. [PMID: 30190718 PMCID: PMC6116856 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The fast and intense proliferative responses have been well documented for naïve T cells adoptively transferred into chronic lymphopenic hosts. This response known as spontaneous proliferation (SP), unlike antigen-independent lymphopenia-induced proliferation (LIP), is driven in a manner dependent on antigens derived from commensal microbiota. However, the precise nature of the SP response and its impact on homeostasis and function for T cells rapidly responding under this lymphopenic condition are still unclear. Here we demonstrate that, when naïve T cells were adoptively transferred into specific pathogen-free (SPF) but not germ-free (GF) RAG-/- hosts, the SP response of these cells substantially affects the intensity and tempo of the responding T cells undergoing LIP. Therefore, the resulting response of these cells in SPF RAG-/- hosts was faster and stronger than the typical LIP response observed in irradiated B6 hosts. Although the intensity and tempo of such augmented LIP in SPF RAG-/- hosts were analogous to those of antigen-dependent SP, the former was independent of antigenic stimulation but most importantly, dependent on IL-2. Similar observations were also apparent in other acute lymphopenic settings where antigen-dependent T cell activation can strongly occur and induce sufficient levels of IL-2 production. Consequently, the resulting T cells undergoing IL-2-driven strong proliferative responses showed the ability to differentiate into functional effector and memory cells that can control infectious pathogens. These findings therefore reveal previously unappreciated role of IL-2 in driving the intense form of T cell proliferative responses in chronic lymphopenic hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Kim
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, South Korea.,Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jun Young Lee
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, South Korea.,Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Kyungjin Cho
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, South Korea.,Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Sung-Wook Hong
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, South Korea.,Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Kwang Soon Kim
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, South Korea.,Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jonathan Sprent
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, South Korea.,Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Charles D Surh
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, South Korea.,Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cho
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, South Korea.,Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
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43
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Hwang W, Lee CG, Lee C, Verma R, Rudra D, Park ZY, Im SH. Locus-Specific Reversible DNA Methylation Regulates Transient IL-10 Expression in Th1 Cells. J Immunol 2018; 200:1865-1875. [PMID: 29374078 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-10 is a pleiotropic cytokine with multifaceted functions in establishing immune homeostasis. Although expressed by Th1 and Th2 cells, conventional Th1 cells produce marginal levels of IL-10 compared with their Th2 counterparts. In this study, we investigated the epigenetic mechanisms of Il-10 gene expression in Th1 cells. Bioinformatics EMBOSS CpG plot analysis and bisulfite pyrosequencing revealed three CpG DNA methylation sites in the Il-10 gene locus. Progressive DNA methylation at all of the CpG regions of interest (ROIs) established a repressive program of Il-10 gene expression in Th1 cells. Interestingly, Th1 cells treated with IL-12 and IL-27 cytokines, thereby mimicking a chronic inflammatory condition in vivo, displayed a significant increase in IL-10 production that was accompanied by selective DNA demethylation at ROI 3 located in intron 3. IL-10-producing T cells isolated from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-infected mice also showed enhanced DNA demethylation at ROI 3. Binding of STAT1 and STAT3 to demethylated ROI 3 enhanced IL-10 expression in an IL-12/IL-27-dependent manner. Accordingly, CD4+ T cells isolated from STAT1- or STAT3-knockout mice were significantly defective in IL-10 production. Our data suggest that, although stably maintained DNA methylation at the promoter may repress IL-10 expression in Th1 cells, locus-specific reversible DNA demethylation may serve as a threshold platform to control transient Il-10 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Hwang
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.,School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Choong-Gu Lee
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhon Lee
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.,Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Verma
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dipayan Rudra
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Zee Yong Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; .,Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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44
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Kim YE, Lee M, Gu H, Kim J, Jeong S, Yeo S, Lee YJ, Im SH, Sung YC, Kim HJ, Weissman IL, Ahn GO. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) activation in myeloid cells accelerates DSS-induced colitis progression in mice. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.033241. [PMID: 29967068 PMCID: PMC6078398 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.033241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease, in which the intestinal epithelium loses its barrier function. Given the existence of the oxygen gradient in the intestinal epithelium and that inflammation further contributes to the tissue hypoxia, we investigated the role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a transcription factor activated under hypoxic conditions in myeloid cells, in the progression of IBD. To do this, we utilized myeloid-specific knockout (KO) mice targeting HIF pathways, created by a Cre-loxP system with human MRP8 (hMRP8), an intracellular calcium-binding protein, as the myeloid promoter. By feeding 5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to hMRP8 von Hippel Lindau (Vhl) KO mice, in which HIF-1α and HIF-2α are constitutively activated in myeloid cells, we found that these mice were highly susceptible to DSS-induced colitis, demonstrating greater body weight loss, increased mortality, faster onset of rectal bleeding, shortened colon length, and increased CD11b- or Gr-1-positive myeloid cells in the colon compared with wild-type (WT) mice. These parameters were restored to, if not better than, the WT levels when we examined hMRP8 Hif-1a KO mice upon 5% DSS feeding. hMRP8 Hif-2a KO mice, on the other hand, exhibited a similar degree of DSS-induced colitis to that of WT mice. Lastly, when DSS was given together with azoxymethane to induce tumorigenesis in the colon, we found that hMRP8 Hif-1a KO mice exhibited comparable levels of colorectal tumors to those of WT mice, indicating that HIF-1α in myeloid cells is dispensable for tumorigenesis. Collectively, our results suggest that HIF-1α activation in myeloid cells critically regulates IBD progression. Summary: We challenged myeloid-specific knockout mice targeting the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis, demonstrating that HIF-1α, but not HIF-2α, activation in myeloid cells regulates colitis severity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheong Am-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Minji Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheong Am-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Hyejung Gu
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheong Am-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Jeongwoo Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheong Am-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Seongju Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheong Am-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Sujin Yeo
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheong Am-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - You Jeong Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheong Am-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheong Am-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Young-Chul Sung
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheong Am-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheong Am-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Hak Jae Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Irving L. Weissman
- Stem Cell Institute and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - G-One Ahn
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheong Am-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheong Am-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
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45
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Kim WS, Kim H, Kwon KW, Im SH, Lee BR, Ha SJ, Shin SJ. Cisplatin induces tolerogenic dendritic cells in response to TLR agonists via the abundant production of IL-10, thereby promoting Th2- and Tr1-biased T-cell immunity. Oncotarget 2017; 7:33765-82. [PMID: 27172902 PMCID: PMC5085117 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many advantageous roles of cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II), CDDP) have been reported in cancer therapy, the immunomodulatory roles of cisplatin in the phenotypic and functional alterations of dendritic cells (DCs) are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of cisplatin on the functionality of DCs and the changes in signaling pathways activated upon toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation. Cisplatin-treated DCs down-regulated the expression of cell surface molecules (CD80, CD86, MHC class I and II) and up-regulated endocytic capacity in a dose-dependent manner. Upon stimulation with various TLR agonists, cisplatin-treated DCs showed markedly increased IL-10 production through activation of the p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways without altering the levels of TNF-α and IL-12p70, indicating the cisplatin-mediated induction of tolerogenic DCs. This effect was dependent on the production of IL-10 from DCs, as neither DCs isolated from IL-10−/− mice nor IL-10-neutralized DCs generated tolerogenic DCs. Interestingly, DCs that were co-treated with cisplatin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exhibited a decreased immunostimulatory capacity for inducing the proliferation of Th1- and Th17-type T cells; instead, these DCs contributed to Th2-type T cell immunity. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo investigations revealed a unique T cell population, IL-10-producing CD3+CD4+LAG-3+CD49b+CD25−Foxp3− Tr1 cells, that was significantly increased without altering the Foxp3+ regulatory T cell population. Taken together, our results suggest that cisplatin induces immune-suppressive tolerogenic DCs in TLR agonist-induced inflammatory conditions via abundant IL-10 production, thereby skewing Th cell differentiation towards Th2 and Tr1 cells. This relationship may provide cancer cells with an opportunity to evade the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Sik Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hongmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kee Woong Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (IBB), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Bo Ryeong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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46
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Lee Y, Yoon H, Hwang SM, Shin MK, Lee JH, Oh M, Im SH, Song J, Lim HS. Targeted Inhibition of the NCOA1/STAT6 Protein–Protein Interaction. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16056-16059. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeongju Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Material Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Heeseok Yoon
- New
Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, South Korea
| | - Sung-Min Hwang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Shin
- Department
of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Material Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Lee
- New
Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, South Korea
| | - Misook Oh
- Department
of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Material Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Division of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, South Korea
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Song
- New
Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Suk Lim
- Department
of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Material Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, South Korea
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Kim J, Choi SH, Kim YJ, Jeong HJ, Ryu JS, Lee HJ, Kim TW, Im SH, Oh JY, Kim MK. Clinical Effect of IRT-5 Probiotics on Immune Modulation of Autoimmunity or Alloimmunity in the Eye. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111166. [PMID: 29068389 PMCID: PMC5707638 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although the relation of the gut microbiota to a development of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases has been investigated in various animal models, there are limited studies that evaluate the effect of probiotics in the autoimmune eye disease. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of IRT-5 probiotics consisting of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Streptococcus thermophilus on the autoimmunity of uveitis and dry eye and alloimmunity of corneal transplantation. Methods: Experimental autoimmune uveitis was induced by subcutaneous immunization with interphotoreceptor-binding protein and intraperitoneal injection of pertussis toxin in C57BL/6 (B6) mice. For an autoimmune dry eye model, 12-weeks-old NOD.B10.H2b mice were used. Donor cornea of B6 mice was transplanted into BALB/C mice. IRT-5 probiotics or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were administered for three weeks immediately after induction of uveitis or transplantation. The inflammation score of the retinal tissues, dry eye manifestations (corneal staining and tear secretion), and graft survival were measured in each model. The changes of T cells were evaluated in drainage lymph nodes using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Results: Retinal histology score in IRT-5 group of uveitis was lower than that in PBS group (p = 0.045). Ocular staining score was lower (p < 0.0001) and tear secretion was higher (p < 0.0001) in the IRT-5 group of NOD.B10.H2b mice than that in the PBS group. However, the graft survival in the IRT-5 group was not different from those of PBS group. The percentage of regulatory T cells was increased in the IRT-5-treated dry eye models (p = 0.032). The percentage of CD8+IL-17hi (p = 0.027) and CD8+ interferon gamma (IFNγ)hi cells (p = 0.022) were significantly decreased in the IRT-5-treated uveitis models and the percentage of CD8+IFNγhi cells was markedly reduced (p = 0.036) in IRT-5-treated dry eye model. Conclusion: Our results suggest that administration of IRT-5 probiotics may modulate clinical manifestations of autoimmunity in the eye, but not on alloimmunity of corneal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoung Kim
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Se Hyun Choi
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Yu Jeong Kim
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Hyun Jeong Jeong
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Jin Suk Ryu
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea.
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea.
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 37673, Korea.
| | - Joo Youn Oh
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Mee Kum Kim
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
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48
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Chae CS, Kim GC, Park ES, Lee CG, Verma R, Cho HL, Jun CD, Yoo YJ, Im SH. NFAT1 Regulates Systemic Autoimmunity through the Modulation of a Dendritic Cell Property. J Immunol 2017; 199:3051-3062. [PMID: 28972088 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor NFAT1 plays a pivotal role in the homeostasis of T lymphocytes. However, its functional importance in non-CD4+ T cells, especially in systemic immune disorders, is largely unknown. In this study, we report that NFAT1 regulates dendritic cell (DC) tolerance and suppresses systemic autoimmunity using the experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) as a model. Myasthenia gravis and EAMG are T cell-dependent, Ab-mediated autoimmune disorders in which the acetylcholine receptor is the major autoantigen. NFAT1-knockout mice showed higher susceptibility to EAMG development with enhanced Th1/Th17 cell responses. NFAT1 deficiency led to a phenotypic alteration of DCs that show hyperactivation of NF-κB-mediated signaling pathways and enhanced binding of NF-κB (p50) to the promoters of IL-6 and IL-12. As a result, NFAT1-knockout DCs produced much higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α, which preferentially induce Th1/Th17 cell differentiation. Our data suggest that NFAT1 may limit the hyperactivation of the NF-κB-mediated proinflammatory response in DCs and suppress autoimmunity by serving as a key regulator of DC tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Suk Chae
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Cheon Kim
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sil Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Choong-Gu Lee
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Verma
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Haag-Lim Cho
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Chang-Duk Jun
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Yung Joon Yoo
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; .,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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49
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Vadevoo SMP, Kim JE, Gunassekaran GR, Jung HK, Chi L, Kim DE, Lee SH, Im SH, Lee B. IL4 Receptor–Targeted Proapoptotic Peptide Blocks Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Enhancing Antitumor Immunity. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2803-2816. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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50
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Park S, Lee S, Lee CG, Park GY, Hong H, Lee JS, Kim YM, Lee SB, Hwang D, Choi YS, Fryer JD, Im SH, Lee SW, Lee Y. Capicua deficiency induces autoimmunity and promotes follicular helper T cell differentiation via derepression of ETV5. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16037. [PMID: 28855737 PMCID: PMC5510180 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-affinity antibody production through the germinal centre (GC) response is a pivotal process in adaptive immunity. Abnormal development of follicular helper T (TFH) cells can induce the GC response to self-antigens, subsequently leading to autoimmunity. Here we show the transcriptional repressor Capicua/CIC maintains peripheral immune tolerance by suppressing aberrant activation of adaptive immunity. CIC deficiency induces excessive development of TFH cells and GC responses in a T-cell-intrinsic manner. ETV5 expression is derepressed in Cic null TFH cells and knockdown of Etv5 suppresses the enhanced TFH cell differentiation in Cic-deficient CD4+ T cells, suggesting that Etv5 is a critical CIC target gene in TFH cell differentiation. Furthermore, we identify Maf as a downstream target of the CIC-ETV5 axis in this process. These data demonstrate that CIC maintains T-cell homeostasis and negatively regulates TFH cell development and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjun Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 73673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwon Lee
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 73673, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Gu Lee
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 73673, Republic of Korea
| | - Guk Yeol Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 73673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyebeen Hong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 73673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeon-Soo Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 73673, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 73673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- Department of Brain &Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Soo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Transplantation Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - John D Fryer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 73673, Republic of Korea.,Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 73673, Republic of Korea.,Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 73673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 73673, Republic of Korea.,Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 73673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoontae Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 73673, Republic of Korea.,Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 73673, Republic of Korea
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