1
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Straub T, Freudenberg MA, Schleicher U, Bogdan C, Gasteiger G, Pircher H. Bacterial coinfection restrains antiviral CD8 T-cell response via LPS-induced inhibitory NK cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4117. [PMID: 30297690 PMCID: PMC6175863 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06609-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection of specific pathogen-free mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a widely used model to study antiviral T-cell immunity. Infections in the real world, however, are often accompanied by coinfections with unrelated pathogens. Here we show that in mice, systemic coinfection with E. coli suppresses the LCMV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response and virus elimination in a NK cell- and TLR2/4-dependent manner. Soluble TLR4 ligand LPS also induces NK cell-mediated negative CTL regulation during LCMV infection. NK cells in LPS-treated mice suppress clonal expansion of LCMV-specific CTLs by a NKG2D- or NCR1-independent but perforin-dependent mechanism. These results suggest a TLR4-mediated immunoregulatory role of NK cells during viral-bacterial coinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Straub
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marina A Freudenberg
- Institute for Biology III, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schleicher
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Bogdan
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Gasteiger
- Institute of Systems Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Freiburg Medical Center, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hanspeter Pircher
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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2
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Rosenheinrich M, Heine W, Schmühl CM, Pisano F, Dersch P. Natural Killer Cells Mediate Protection against Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in the Mesenteric Lymph Nodes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136290. [PMID: 26296209 PMCID: PMC4546584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cells play a crucial role in the initial defense against bacterial pathogens. The crosstalk between host cells infected with intracellular pathogens and NK cells has been studied intensively, but not much attention has been given to characterize the role of NK cells in the response to extracellular bacterial pathogens such as yersiniae. In this study we used antibody-mediated NK cell depletion to address the importance of this immune cell type in controlling a Y. pseudotuberculosis infection. Analysis of the bacterial counts was used to follow the infection and flow cytometry was performed to characterize the composition and dynamic of immune cells. Depletion of NK cells led to higher bacterial loads within the mesenteric lymph nodes. We further show that in particular CD11b+ CD27+ NK cells which express higher levels of the activation marker CD69 increase within the mesenteric lymph nodes during a Y. pseudotuberculosis infection. Moreover, in response to the activation NK cells secrete higher levels of IFNy, which in turn triggers the production of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα. These results suggest, that NK cells aid in the clearance of Y. pseudotuberculosis infections mainly by triggering the expression of proinflammatory cytokines manipulating the host immune response.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Immunophenotyping
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/microbiology
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/microbiology
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphocyte Count
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/microbiology
- Macrophages/pathology
- Mesentery/immunology
- Mesentery/microbiology
- Mesentery/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Neutrophils/microbiology
- Neutrophils/pathology
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/microbiology
- Spleen/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/microbiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/pathology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/immunology
- Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infections/immunology
- Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infections/microbiology
- Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infections/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Rosenheinrich
- Department of Molecular Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wiebke Heine
- Department of Molecular Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Carina M. Schmühl
- Department of Molecular Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Fabio Pisano
- Department of Molecular Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Petra Dersch
- Department of Molecular Infection Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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3
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Potockova H, Sinkorova J, Karova K, Sinkora M. The distribution of lymphoid cells in the small intestine of germ-free and conventional piglets. Dev Comp Immunol 2015; 51:99-107. [PMID: 25743381 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Porcine ileum is populated with a high proportion of B cells but previous studies have shown that they are not developed there. While B cells prevail in the ileum even in germ-free animals, microbial colonization is a major factor that causes even a greater prevalence of B cells in the ileum and further differential representation of lymphoid cells throughout small intestine. Analysis of lymphoid subpopulations showed that the effector cells appear only after colonization. These include class-switched IgM(+)IgA(+) B cells, primed CD2(-)CD21(+) B cells, antibody-producing/memory CD2(+)CD21(-) B cells, and effector/memory CD4(+)CD8(+) αβ Th cells. While colonization resulted in a uniform distribution of effector cells throughout the gut, it caused a decrease in the frequency of cytotoxic αβ and CD2(+)CD8(+) γδ T cells. These results suggest that the ileum is a site where naive B cells expand presumably to increase antibody repertoire but the entire small intestine is immunofunctionally comparable.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/microbiology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- Bacteria/growth & development
- Bacteria/immunology
- Germ-Free Life/immunology
- Ileum/immunology
- Ileum/microbiology
- Immunoglobulin Class Switching
- Immunologic Memory
- Immunophenotyping
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Microbiota/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Sus scrofa/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/microbiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Potockova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Novy Hradek 54922, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Sinkorova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Novy Hradek 54922, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Karova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Novy Hradek 54922, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Sinkora
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Novy Hradek 54922, Czech Republic.
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4
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Yang D, Liu Q, Ni C, Li S, Wu H, Wang Q, Xiao J, Zhang Y. Gene expression profiling in live attenuated Edwardsiella tarda vaccine immunized and challenged zebrafish: insights into the basic mechanisms of protection seen in immunized fish. Dev Comp Immunol 2013; 40:132-141. [PMID: 23434462 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance and success of vaccine immunization against bacterial diseases in fish, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of vaccine-induced immune protection in teleost fish. In this study, the live attenuated Edwardsiella tarda vaccine strain WED, which has been shown to evoke efficacious protection against edwardsiellosis and ascites diseases in fish, was extensively evaluated for multiple parameters in a 5-week immunization and challenge experiment in zebrafish. The parameters evaluated included the immunologic potency (relative percent survival, RPS), the specific IgM antibody titers and the expression profiles of multiple immune-related gene markers at multiple time points following immunization and challenge. During the 4-week immunization phase, the toll-like receptor (TLR) 5 signaling pathway, the MHC-I antigen processing pathway and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses were activated in succession. In contrast, the MHC-II antigen processing pathway and the markers of CD4(+) T lymphocyte activation were down-regulated, and IgM transcription and specific IgM antibody titers were not significantly induced following immunization. During the 1-week challenge phase, the induction of MHC-I and CTL responses and the inhibition of MHC-II and CD4(+) T cell responses were similarly observed in immunized zebrafish following challenge with wild E. tarda. With the 5-week immunization and challenge model, our data suggest the basic mechanism that underlying the long-lasting protective immunity elicited by WED in zebrafish. This mechanism involved the induction of the TLR-5 signaling pathway, the MHC-I antigen processing pathway and CTL effector function, and CTL function seems play a major role in the protection against E. tarda infection in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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5
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Wang H, Chan YL, Li TL, Bauer BA, Hsia S, Wang CH, Huang JS, Wang HM, Yeh KY, Huang TH, Wu GJ, Wu CJ. Reduction of splenic immunosuppressive cells and enhancement of anti-tumor immunity by synergy of fish oil and selenium yeast. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52912. [PMID: 23349693 PMCID: PMC3551929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has shown that regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) abnormally increase in cancer cachectic patients. Suppressions of Tregs and MDSCs may enhance anti-tumor immunity for cancer patients. Fish oil and selenium have been known to have many biological activities such as anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. Whether fish oil and/or selenium have an additional effect on population of immunosuppressive cells in tumor-bearing hosts remained elusive and controversial. To gain insights into their roles on anti-tumor immunity, we studied the fish oil- and/or selenium-mediated tumor suppression and immunity on lung carcinoma, whereof cachexia develops. Advancement of cachexia in a murine lung cancer model manifested with such indicative symptoms as weight loss, chronic inflammation and disturbed immune functionality. The elevation of Tregs and MDSCs in spleens of tumor-bearing mice was positively correlated with tumor burdens. Consumption of either fish oil or selenium had little or no effect on the levels of Tregs and MDSCs. However, consumption of both fish oil and selenium together presented a synergistic effect-The population of Tregs and MDSCs decreased as opposed to increase of anti-tumor immunity when both fish oil and selenium were supplemented simultaneously, whereby losses of body weight and muscle/fat mass were alleviated significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wang
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for Marine Bioenvironment and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Brent A. Bauer
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Simon Hsia
- Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsu Wang
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Seng Huang
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Wang
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yun Yeh
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hung Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Jang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Jer Wu
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for Marine Bioenvironment and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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6
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Zhu J, Larson CB, Ramaker MA, Quandt K, Wendte JM, Ku KP, Chen F, Jourdian GW, Vemulapalli R, Schurig GG, He Y. Characterization of recombinant B. abortus strain RB51SOD toward understanding the uncorrelated innate and adaptive immune responses induced by RB51SOD compared to its parent vaccine strain RB51. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2011; 1:10. [PMID: 22919576 PMCID: PMC3417361 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2011.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus is a Gram-negative, facultative intracellular pathogen for several mammals, including humans. Live attenuated B. abortus strain RB51 is currently the official vaccine used against bovine brucellosis in the United States and several other countries. Overexpression of protective B. abortus antigen Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) in a recombinant strain of RB51 (strain RB51SOD) significantly increases its vaccine efficacy against virulent B. abortus challenge in a mouse model. An attempt has been made to better understand the mechanism of the enhanced protective immunity of RB51SOD compared to its parent strain RB51. We previously reported that RB51SOD stimulated enhanced Th1 immune response. In this study, we further found that T effector cells derived from RB51SOD-immunized mice exhibited significantly higher cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity than T effector cells derived from RB51-immunized mice against virulent B. abortus-infected target cells. Meanwhile, the macrophage responses to these two strains were also studied. Compared to RB51, RB51SOD cells had a lower survival rate in macrophages and induced lower levels of macrophage apoptosis and necrosis. The decreased survival of RB51SOD cells correlates with the higher sensitivity of RB51SOD, compared to RB51, to the bactericidal action of either Polymyxin B or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Furthermore, a physical damage to the outer membrane of RB51SOD was observed by electron microscopy. Possibly due to the physical damage, overexpressed Cu/Zn SOD in RB51SOD was found to be released into the bacterial cell culture medium. Therefore, the stronger adaptive immunity induced by RB51SOD did not correlate with the low level of innate immunity induced by RB51SOD compared to RB51. This unique and apparently contradictory profile is likely associated with the differences in outer membrane integrity and Cu/Zn SOD release.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Brucella Vaccine/genetics
- Brucella Vaccine/immunology
- Brucella abortus/enzymology
- Brucella abortus/genetics
- Brucella abortus/immunology
- Brucella abortus/pathogenicity
- Brucellosis/immunology
- Brucellosis/prevention & control
- Cattle
- Cell Membrane/ultrastructure
- Detergents/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Resistance, Bacterial
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/microbiology
- Mice
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Polymyxin B/pharmacology
- Recombination, Genetic
- Superoxide Dismutase/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/microbiology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Zhu
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MI, USA
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Charles B. Larson
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Megan Ann Ramaker
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Kimberly Quandt
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jered M. Wendte
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State UniversityStillwater, OK, USA
| | - Kimberly P. Ku
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fang Chen
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - George W. Jourdian
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ramesh Vemulapalli
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Gerhardt G. Schurig
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Yongqun He
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MI, USA
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7
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Woodworth JS, Wu Y, Behar SM. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD8+ T cells require perforin to kill target cells and provide protection in vivo. J Immunol 2008; 181:8595-603. [PMID: 19050279 PMCID: PMC3133658 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.12.8595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Optimal immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection requires CD8(+) T cells, and several current Mtb vaccine candidates are being engineered to elicit enhanced CD8(+) T cell responses. However, the function of these T cells and the mechanism by which they provide protection is still unknown. We have previously shown that CD8(+) T cells specific for the mycobacterial Ags CFP10 and TB10.4 accumulate in the lungs of mice following Mtb infection and have cytolytic activity in vivo. In this study, we determine which cytolytic pathways are used by these CD8(+) T cells during Mtb infection. We find that Mtb-specific CD8(+) T cells lacking perforin have reduced cytolytic capacity in vivo. In the absence of perforin, the residual cytolytic activity is CD95 and TNFR dependent. This is particularly true in Mtb-infected lung tissue where disruption of both perforin and CD95 eliminates target cell lysis. Moreover, adoptive transfer of immune CD8(+) T cells isolated from wild-type, but not perforin-deficient mice, protect recipient mice from Mtb infection. We conclude that CD8(+) T cells elicited following Mtb infection use several cytolytic pathways in a hierarchical and compensatory manner dominated by perforin-mediated cytolysis. Finally, although several cytolytic pathways are available, adoptively transferred Mtb-specific CD8(+) T cells require perforin-mediated cytolysis to protect animals from infection. These data show that CD8(+) T cell-mediated protection during Mtb infection requires more than the secretion of IFN-gamma and specifically defines the CD8(+) cytolytic mechanisms utilized and required in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/administration & dosage
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/administration & dosage
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/toxicity
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Perforin/administration & dosage
- Perforin/deficiency
- Perforin/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/microbiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/transplantation
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S. Woodworth
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ying Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Samuel M. Behar
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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8
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Tvinnereim A, Wizel B. CD8+ T cell protective immunity against Chlamydia pneumoniae includes an H2-M3-restricted response that is largely CD4+ T cell-independent. J Immunol 2007; 179:3947-57. [PMID: 17785832 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.6.3947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are important for immunity to the intracellular bacterial pathogen Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn). Recently, we reported that type 1 CD8+ (Tc1) from Cpn-infected B6 mice recognize peptides from multiple Cpn Ags in a classical MHC class Ia-restricted fashion. In this study, we show that Cpn infection also induces nonclassical MHC class Ib-(H2-M3)-restricted CD8+ T cell responses. H2-M3-binding peptides representing the N-terminal formylated sequences from five Cpn Ags sensitized target cells for lysis by cytolytic effectors from the spleens of infected B6 mice. Of these, only peptides fMFFAPL (P1) and fMLYWFL (P4) stimulated IFN-gamma production by infection-primed splenic and pulmonary CD8+ T cells. Studies with Cpn-infected Kb-/-/Db-/- mice confirmed the Tc1 cytokine profile of P1- and P4-specific CD8+ T cells and revealed the capacity of these effectors to exert in vitro H2-M3-restricted lysis of Cpn-infected macrophages and in vivo pulmonary killing of P1- and P4-coated splenocytes. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of P1- and P4-specific CD8+ T cells into naive Kb-/-/Db-/- mice reduced lung Cpn loads following challenge. Finally, we show that in the absence of MHC class Ia-restricted CD8+ T cell responses, CD4+ T cells are largely expendable for the control of Cpn growth, and for the generation, memory maintenance, and secondary expansion of P1- and P4-specific CD8+ T cells. These results suggest that H2-M3-restricted CD8+ T cells contribute to protective immunity against Cpn, and that chlamydial Ags presented by MHC class Ib molecules may represent novel targets for inclusion in anti-Cpn vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Tvinnereim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
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9
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McAllister F, Ruan S, Steele C, Zheng M, McKinley L, Ulrich L, Marrero L, Shellito JE, Kolls JK. CXCR3 and IFN protein-10 in Pneumocystis pneumonia. J Immunol 2006; 177:1846-54. [PMID: 16849496 PMCID: PMC3912555 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.3.1846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that Tc1 CD8(+) T cells have in vitro and in vivo effector activity against Pneumocystis (PC) infection in mice. Because these cells have preferential expression of CXCR3, we investigated whether CXCR3 was required for host defense activity against PC. Mice deficient in CXCR3 but CD4(+) T cell intact, showed an initial delay but were able to clear the infectious challenge, indicating that CXCR3 signaling is not essential for clearance of PC. CD4-depleted mice had lower levels of monokine induced by IFN-gamma, IFN protein-10 (IP-10), and IFN-inducible T cell alpha-chemoattractant at day 7 of infection and are permissive to PC infection. Overexpression of IP-10 in the lungs by adenoviral gene transfer did not accelerate clearance of infection in control mice but accelerated clearance by day 28 in mice depleted of CD4(+) T cells. This effect was associated with increased recruitment of CD8(+) T to the lungs with higher CXCR3(+) expression levels and enhanced IFN-gamma secretion upon in vitro activation compared with control mice. These results indicate that the CXCR3 chemokines are part of the host defense response to PC, and that IP-10 can direct Tc1 CD8(+) T cell recruitment to the lungs and contribute to host defense against PC even in the absence of CD4(+) T cells.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Adenoviridae/immunology
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Chemokine CXCL10
- Chemokines, CXC/administration & dosage
- Chemokines, CXC/genetics
- Chemokines, CXC/pharmacokinetics
- Chemokines, CXC/physiology
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/microbiology
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/physiology
- Ligands
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/microbiology
- Lung/pathology
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/genetics
- Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/immunology
- Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/microbiology
- Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/pathology
- Receptors, CXCR3
- Receptors, Chemokine/deficiency
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
- Receptors, Chemokine/physiology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/microbiology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia McAllister
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Sanbao Ruan
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Gene Therapy Program, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Chad Steele
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Mingquan Zheng
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Laura McKinley
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Lauren Ulrich
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Luis Marrero
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Gene Therapy Program, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Judd E. Shellito
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Gene Therapy Program, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Jay K. Kolls, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Suite 3765, 3705 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
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10
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Takamura S, Matsuo K, Takebe Y, Yasutomi Y. Ag85B of mycobacteria elicits effective CTL responses through activation of robust Th1 immunity as a novel adjuvant in DNA vaccine. J Immunol 2005; 175:2541-7. [PMID: 16081827 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.4.2541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells play a crucial role in CTL generation in a DNA vaccination strategy. Several studies have demonstrated the requirement of CD4+ T cells for the induction of a sufficient immune response by coadministrating DNAs. In the present study we investigated the effectiveness of Ag85B of mycobacteria, which is known to be one of the immunogenic proteins for Th1 development, as an adjuvant of a DNA vaccine. HIV gp120 DNA vaccine mixed with Ag85B DNA as an adjuvant induced HIV gp120-specific Th1 responses, as shown by delayed-type hypersensitivity, cytokine secretion, and increasing HIV-specific CTL responses. Moreover, these responses were enhanced in mice primed with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin before immunization of HIV DNA vaccine mixed with Ag85B DNA. Furthermore, these immunized mice showed substantial reduction of HIV gp120-expressing recombinant vaccinia virus titers compared with the titers in other experimental mice after recombinant vaccinia virus challenge. Because most humans have been sensitized by spontaneous infection or by vaccination with mycobacteria, these findings indicate that Ag85B is a promising adjuvant for enhancing CTL responses in a DNA vaccination strategy.
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MESH Headings
- Acyltransferases/biosynthesis
- Acyltransferases/genetics
- Acyltransferases/physiology
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/physiology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage
- Anti-HIV Agents/immunology
- Antigens, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/physiology
- BCG Vaccine/administration & dosage
- BCG Vaccine/genetics
- BCG Vaccine/immunology
- Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/physiology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- DNA, Bacterial/administration & dosage
- DNA, Bacterial/immunology
- Female
- HIV Envelope Protein gp120/biosynthesis
- HIV Envelope Protein gp120/genetics
- HIV Envelope Protein gp120/immunology
- HIV Infections/immunology
- HIV Infections/prevention & control
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphocyte Count
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Molecular Sequence Data
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/microbiology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/microbiology
- Th1 Cells/virology
- Toll-Like Receptors/biosynthesis
- Toll-Like Receptors/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccinia/immunology
- Vaccinia/prevention & control
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11
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Inoue S, Golding B, Scott D. Programming of CTL with heat-killed Brucella abortus and antigen allows soluble antigen alone to generate effective secondary CTL. Vaccine 2005; 23:1730-8. [PMID: 15705479 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2004] [Revised: 09/13/2004] [Accepted: 09/28/2004] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Optimal generation of cytotoxic T cell (CTL) responses continues to be a challenge in the production of vaccines against pathogens such as HIV-1, in part because it is difficult to introduce soluble protein antigens (Ag) into the MHC class I pathway. Using heat-killed Brucella abortus (HKBA) as an adjuvant and ovalbumin (ova) protein as an Ag, we demonstrated that a high dose of Ag was required for systemic and effective CTL. In an adoptive transfer model, primary and secondary ova-specific OT-1 CD8 cell expansion by HKBA plus high dose of ova were partially CD4 T cell-dependent. Interestingly, primary stimulation with HKBA plus ova allowed effective secondary stimulation with ova alone that was equivalent to HKBA plus ova in terms of IFN-gamma production from Ag-specific CD8 cells. Thus a combination of adequate Ag dose, and selection of appropriate adjuvants can meet the threshold not only for primary effective CTL responses to soluble protein Ags but for secondary CTL responses following stimulation with protein Ag alone.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Brucella abortus/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Hot Temperature
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Solubility
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/microbiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/transplantation
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Inoue
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Division of Hematology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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12
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Abstract
The T-box transcription factor T-bet is an important regulator of IFN-gamma production in all cell types and is considered to be essential for the generation of CD4 Th1 T cells. IFN-gamma in turn plays a critical role in immunity to many infectious agents. In this study, we demonstrate that T-bet is not required for host resistance to primary Listeria monocytogenes (LM) infection. In the innate immune phase, control of LM replication, serum IFN-gamma, and numbers of IFN-gamma-producing NK cells were similar in T-bet-deficient and control mice. In the adaptive immune phase, there was no defect in bacterial clearance or in the numbers of LM-specific IFN-gamma-producing CD8 T cells in T-bet-deficient mice and only a modest, although significant, reduction in the numbers of Th1 CD4 T cells and IFN-gamma secretion by CD4 T cells. Thus, host resistance and the generation of IFN-gamma-producing cells in response to LM infection are not substantially compromised in the absence of T-bet.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Surface
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type
- Listeria monocytogenes/immunology
- Listeriosis/genetics
- Listeriosis/immunology
- Listeriosis/microbiology
- Liver/microbiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B
- Proteins
- Spleen/microbiology
- T-Box Domain Proteins
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/microbiology
- Th1 Cells/cytology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/microbiology
- Transcription Factors/deficiency
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing Sing Way
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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13
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Salerno-Gonçalves R, Fernandez-Viña M, Lewinsohn DM, Sztein MB. Identification of a human HLA-E-restricted CD8+ T cell subset in volunteers immunized with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain Ty21a typhoid vaccine. J Immunol 2004; 173:5852-62. [PMID: 15494539 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.9.5852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies in volunteers immunized with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) have suggested an important role for CD8+ T cells in host defense. In this study we describe a novel subset of nonclassical human HLA-E-restricted S. Typhi-specific CD8+ T cells derived from PBMC of Ty21a typhoid vaccinees. CD3+CD8+CD4-CD56- T cells effectively killed S. Typhi-infected targets regardless of whether they share classical HLA class I molecules with them, by a FAS-independent, granule-dependent mechanism, as evidenced by induction of granzyme B release and the blocking effects of concanamycin and strontium ions. The expression of HLA-E Ags, but not CD1-a, -b, or -c, on the membrane of S. Typhi-infected targets rendered them susceptible to lysis. Moreover, anti-HLA-E Abs partially blocked these responses. We also demonstrated that presentation of S. Typhi Ags via HLA-E could stimulate IFN-gamma production. Increases in the net frequency of IFN-gamma spot-forming cells were observed in the presence of targets coated with peptides that contain S. Typhi GroEL HLA-E binding motifs. These results demonstrate that HLA-E binds nonamer peptides derived from bacterial proteins and trigger CD8+-mediated lysis and IFN-gamma production when exposed to infected targets, raising the possibility that this novel effector mechanism might contribute to host defense against intracellular bacterial infections.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antibodies, Blocking/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antigen Presentation/immunology
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/enzymology
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Antigens, Bacterial/metabolism
- Binding Sites, Antibody
- CD3 Complex/biosynthesis
- CD56 Antigen/biosynthesis
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cytoplasmic Granules/enzymology
- Cytoplasmic Granules/immunology
- Cytoplasmic Granules/microbiology
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic/methods
- HLA Antigens/immunology
- HLA Antigens/metabolism
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Count
- Middle Aged
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/immunology
- Salmonella typhi/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/microbiology
- Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines/immunology
- HLA-E Antigens
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14
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Lo WF, Dunn CD, Ong H, Metcalf ES, Soloski MJ. Bacterial and host factors involved in the major histocompatibility complex class Ib-restricted presentation of Salmonella Hsp 60: novel pathway. Infect Immun 2004; 72:2843-9. [PMID: 15102795 PMCID: PMC387849 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.5.2843-2849.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, a peptide epitope derived from the Hsp 60 molecule of Salmonella that is presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ib molecule Qa-1 to CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) was described. In the present study we investigated the Salmonella-induced processing and presentation pathway for generating this Qa-1-restricted epitope. Live bacteria and, to a lesser extent, opsonized heat-killed bacteria are able to sensitize target cells for lysis by Salmonella-specific CTL. In contrast, heat-killed bacteria cannot sensitize target cells. Presentation of the Hsp 60 epitope appears independent of bacterial internalization, because cytochalasin D does not affect presentation. Moreover, Salmonella strains defective in the InvA or InvE operon, two critical components of the type III secretion pathway, are as efficient as wild-type Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in sensitizing infected targets to lysis. Collectively, these results suggest the existence of a novel antigen-processing pathway in which exogenous antigens gain access to the cytosolic MHC class I processing machinery. Considering the abundant nature of bacterial Hsp 60 and the upregulation of this protein after Salmonella infection of eukaryotic cells, this mode of antigen presentation may be particularly relevant to understanding the host defense mechanisms against gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Feng Lo
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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15
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Ploss A, Lauvau G, Contos B, Kerksiek KM, Guirnalda PD, Leiner I, Lenz LL, Bevan MJ, Pamer EG. Promiscuity of MHC class Ib-restricted T cell responses. J Immunol 2004; 171:5948-55. [PMID: 14634106 PMCID: PMC2791464 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.11.5948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Murine infection with the Gram-positive intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes activates CD8(+) T cells that recognize bacterially derived N-formyl methionine peptides in the context of H2-M3 MHC class Ib molecules. Three peptides, fMIGWII, fMIVIL, and fMIVTLF, are targets of L. monocytogenes-specific CD8(+) T cells. To investigate epitope cross-recognition by H2-M3-restricted CD8(+) T cells, we deleted the sequence encoding fMIGWII from a virulent strain of L. monocytogenes. Infection with fMIGWII-deficient L. monocytogenes unexpectedly primed CD8(+) T cells that stain with fMIGWII/H2-M3 tetramers and lyse fMIGWII-coated target cells in vivo. Because the fMIGWII sequence is nonredundant, we speculated that other bacterially derived Ags are priming these responses. HPLC peptide fractionation of bacterial culture supernatants revealed several distinct L. monocytogenes-derived peptides that are recognized by fMIGWII-specific T cells. Our results demonstrate that the dominant H2-M3-restricted CD8(+) T cell population, although reactive with fMIGWII, is primed by other, non-fMIGWII peptides derived from L. monocytogenes. Although this degree of Ag receptor promiscuity is unusual for the adaptive immune system, it may be a more common feature of T cell responses restricted by nonpolymorphic MHC class Ib molecules.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Clone Cells
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Female
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Immunodominant Epitopes/genetics
- Immunodominant Epitopes/immunology
- Immunodominant Epitopes/metabolism
- Injections, Intravenous
- Ligands
- Listeria monocytogenes/genetics
- Listeria monocytogenes/immunology
- Mast-Cell Sarcoma/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Sequence Deletion
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/microbiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ploss
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine and Laboratory of Antimicrobial Immunity, Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021
- Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, Immunology Program, New York, NY 10021
| | - Gregoire Lauvau
- Institute National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-E0344, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Brian Contos
- Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | | | | | - Ingrid Leiner
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine and Laboratory of Antimicrobial Immunity, Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021
| | - Laurel L. Lenz
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Michael J. Bevan
- Department of Immunology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Eric G. Pamer
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine and Laboratory of Antimicrobial Immunity, Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Eric G. Pamer, Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine and Laboratory of Antimicrobial Immunity, Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021.
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16
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Salerno-Gonçalves R, Wyant TL, Pasetti MF, Fernandez-Viña M, Tacket CO, Levine MM, Sztein MB. Concomitant induction of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in volunteers immunized with Salmonella enterica serovar typhi strain CVD 908-htrA. J Immunol 2003; 170:2734-41. [PMID: 12594304 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.5.2734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 cell-mediated immunity might play an important role in protection from typhoid fever. We evaluated whether immunization with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) strain CVD 908-htrA (a Delta aroC Delta aroD Delta htrA mutant), a leading live oral typhoid vaccine candidate, elicits specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) S. Typhi immune responses. Potent CTL responses and IFN-gamma secretion by CD8(+) T cells were detected following immunization with CVD 908-htrA in high (4.5 x 10(8) CFU) and low (5 x 10(7) CFU) dosages. S. Typhi-specific CTL were observed in six of eight vaccinees (four high and two low dose) after immunization. Mean increases in the frequency of IFN-gamma spot-forming cells (SFC) in the presence of S. Typhi-infected targets were 221 +/- 41 SFC/10(6) PBMC and 233 +/- 87 SFC/10(6) PBMC, in the high and low dose groups, respectively. Strong CD4(+) T cell responses were also observed. Increases in the IFN-gamma production to soluble S. Typhi flagella (STF) occurred in 82 and 38% of the volunteers who received the high and low doses, respectively. Robust correlations were observed between volunteers that responded with IFN-gamma SFC to stimulation with S. Typhi-infected cells and IFN-gamma released in response to stimulation with STF Ags (r = 0.822, p < 0.001) and between CTL and IFN-gamma production to STF (r = 0.818, p = 0.013). These data demonstrating the concomitant induction of both CD4- and CD8-mediated CMI are consistent with a significant role for type 1 immunity in controlling typhoid infection and support the continuing evaluation of CVD 908-htrA as a typhoid vaccine candidate.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- Cross-Over Studies
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Double-Blind Method
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Heat-Shock Proteins/administration & dosage
- Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- Heat-Shock Proteins/immunology
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharides/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Male
- Periplasmic Proteins/administration & dosage
- Periplasmic Proteins/genetics
- Periplasmic Proteins/immunology
- Salmonella typhi/genetics
- Salmonella typhi/immunology
- Serine Endopeptidases/administration & dosage
- Serine Endopeptidases/genetics
- Serine Endopeptidases/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/microbiology
- Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines/genetics
- Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines/immunology
- Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Attenuated/genetics
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
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17
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Abstract
H2-M3-restricted T cells respond more rapidly to primary Listeria monocytogenes infection than conventional MHC class Ia-restricted T cells. Reinfection with L. monocytogenes, while inducing explosive proliferation of H2-K(d)-restricted T cells, does not stimulate significant expansion of H2-M3-restricted CTL. These disparate responses to reinfection are apparent within 5 days of primary L. monocytogenes infection. However, H2-M3-restricted memory T cells are generated, and are indistinguishable from classically restricted T cells in terms of cell surface memory markers and longevity. Early responses of H2-M3- and H2-K(d)-restricted memory T cells to reinfection are similar, with increases in size and expression of activation markers. Interestingly, priming of H2-M3-restricted T cells with an L. monocytogenes-derived N-formyl peptide plus anti-CD40 generates memory T cells that expand upon re-exposure to Ag during L. monocytogenes infection. Our data indicate that disparate H2-M3- and MHC class Ia-restricted memory T cell responses reflect intrinsic differences between these T cell populations. Although distinct proliferative programs appear to be hardwired in these populations during primary L. monocytogenes infection, under different inflammatory circumstances M3-restricted T cell populations can maintain the ability to expand upon re-exposure to Ag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Kerksiek
- Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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18
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Dieli F, Ivanyi J, Marsh P, Williams A, Naylor I, Sireci G, Caccamo N, Di Sano C, Salerno A. Characterization of lung gamma delta T cells following intranasal infection with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin. J Immunol 2003; 170:463-9. [PMID: 12496432 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.1.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The lungs are considered to have an impaired capacity to contain infection by pathogenic mycobacteria, even in the presence of effective systemic immunity. In an attempt to understand the underlying cellular mechanisms, we characterized the gammadelta T cell population following intranasal infection with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). The peak of gammadelta T cell expansion at 7 days postinfection preceded the 30 day peak of alphabeta T cell expansion and bacterial count. The expanded population of gammadelta T cells in the lungs of BCG-infected mice represents an expansion of the resident Vgamma2 T cell subset as well as an influx of Vgamma1 and of four different Vdelta gene-bearing T cell subsets. The gammadelta T cells in the lungs of BCG-infected mice secreted IFN-gamma following in vitro stimulation with ionomycin and PMA and were cytotoxic against BCG-infected peritoneal macrophages as well as against the uninfected J774 macrophage cell line. The cytotoxicity was selectively blocked by anti-gammadelta TCR mAb and strontium ions, suggesting a granule-exocytosis killing pathway. Depletion of gammadelta T cells by injection of specific mAb had no effect on the subsequent developing CD4 T cell response in the lungs of BCG-infected mice, but significantly reduced cytotoxic activity and IFN-gamma production by lung CD8 T cells. Thus, gammadelta T cells in the lungs might help to control mycobacterial infection in the period between innate and classical adaptive immunity and may also play an important regulatory role in the subsequent onset of alphabeta T lymphocytes.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- Cell Division/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Rearrangement, delta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Gene Rearrangement, gamma-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Lung/cytology
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mycobacterium bovis/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/microbiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/microbiology
- Tuberculosis/immunology
- Tuberculosis/microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Dieli
- Department of Biopathology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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19
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Abstract
The immune system has evolved various effector cells and functions to combat diverse infectious agents equipped with different virulence strategies. CD8 T cells play a critical role in protective immunity to Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), a bacterium that grows within the host cell cytosol and spreads directly into neighboring cells. The importance of CD8 T cells during Lm infection is currently attributed to the cytosolic niche of this organism, which allows it to evade many aspects of immune surveillance. CTL lysis of infected cells is believed to be an essential protective mechanism, presumably functioning to release intracellular bacteria, although its precise role remains to be fully defined. In this study, we examined the contribution of perforin-mediated CTL cytolysis to protective immunity against recombinant Lm capable of or defective in cell-cell spread. We found that CTL cytolysis is critical for protective immunity to Lm capable of cell-cell spread while protective immunity against spread-defective Lm is largely independent of CTL cytolysis. These results demonstrate that an important function of CTL cytolysis is to counter the microbial virulence strategy of direct cell-cell spread. We propose a model that advances the current view of the role of CTL cytolysis in immunity to intracellular pathogens.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Immunity, Cellular/genetics
- Immunologic Memory/genetics
- Listeria monocytogenes/genetics
- Listeria monocytogenes/immunology
- Listeria monocytogenes/pathogenicity
- Listeriosis/genetics
- Listeriosis/immunology
- Listeriosis/microbiology
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/deficiency
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Perforin
- Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins
- Recombination, Genetic
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/microbiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/virology
- Viral Proteins/immunology
- Virulence
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Affiliation(s)
- Lani R San Mateo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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20
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Popov I, Dela Cruz CS, Barber BH, Chiu B, Inman RD. Breakdown of CTL Tolerance to Self HLA-B*2705 Induced by Exposure toChlamydiatrachomatis. J Immunol 2002; 169:4033-8. [PMID: 12244206 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.7.4033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a strong association between seronegative arthritis and HLA B27, but it is still unresolved whether the contribution of B27 to disease pathogenesis is solely as a restriction element for an arthritogenic peptide, or whether B27 itself serves as an autoantigen. This study uses transgenic rats to address the question as to whether exposure to an arthritogenic pathogen can alter tolerance to B27. Unlike their nontransgenic counterparts, B27-transgenic rats are tolerant of B27 immunization using either B27(+) splenocytes or plasmid DNA and do not develop anti-B27 CTL. However, if splenocytes from such immunized animals are exposed to Chlamydia in vitro, CTL are generated that lyse B27(+) targets. No killing was seen with targets transfected with control B7, B14, B40, or B44. This phenomenon was not observed with immunization by nontransgenic splenocytes, or HLA-A2 DNA alone. Using targets expressing mutated B27, we show that the epitope for autoreactive CTL recognition of B27 involves the Lys(70) amino acid residue in the alpha(1) domain of the MHC class I molecule. The generation of CTL with specificity for B27 under these conditions demonstrates that tolerance to B27 can be subverted by CHLAMYDIA: This indicates a dynamic interrelationship between the pathogen and B27, which may have important implications for B27-related spondyloarthropathies triggered by intracellular bacteria.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Autoantigens/genetics
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chlamydia trachomatis/immunology
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/analysis
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- HLA-B Antigens/genetics
- HLA-B Antigens/immunology
- HLA-B27 Antigen/genetics
- HLA-B27 Antigen/immunology
- Humans
- L Cells
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed
- Mice
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew/genetics
- Self Tolerance/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/microbiology
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Popov
- Division of Rheumatology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, and Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Wizel B, Starcher BC, Samten B, Chroneos Z, Barnes PF, Dzuris J, Higashimoto Y, Appella E, Sette A. Multiple Chlamydia pneumoniae antigens prime CD8+ Tc1 responses that inhibit intracellular growth of this vacuolar pathogen. J Immunol 2002; 169:2524-35. [PMID: 12193722 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.5.2524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD8(+) T cells play an essential role in immunity to Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn). However, the target Ags recognized by Cpn-specific CD8(+) T cells have not been identified, and the mechanisms by which this T cell subset contributes to protection remain unknown. In this work we demonstrate that Cpn infection primes a pathogen-specific CD8(+) T cell response in mice. Eighteen H-2(b) binding peptides representing sequences from 12 Cpn Ags sensitized target cells for MHC class I-restricted lysis by CD8(+) CTL generated from the spleens and lungs of infected mice. Peptide-specific IFN-gamma-secreting CD8(+) T cells were present in local and systemic compartments after primary infection, and these cells expanded after pathogen re-exposure. CD8(+) T cell lines to the 18 Cpn epitope-bearing peptides were cytotoxic, displayed a memory phenotype, and secreted IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, but not IL-4. These CTL lines lysed Cpn-infected macrophages, and the lytic activity was inhibited by brefeldin A, indicating endogenous processing of CTL Ags. Finally, Cpn peptide-specific CD8(+) CTL suppressed chlamydial growth in vitro by direct lysis of infected cells and by secretion of IFN-gamma and other soluble factors. These studies provide information on the mechanisms by which CD8(+) CTL protect against Cpn, furnish the tools to investigate their possible role in immunopathology, and lay the foundation for future work to develop vaccines against acute and chronic Cpn infections.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Antigens, Bacterial/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Chlamydophila Infections/immunology
- Chlamydophila Infections/microbiology
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae/growth & development
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae/immunology
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae/pathogenicity
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- H-2 Antigens/immunology
- H-2 Antigens/metabolism
- Histocompatibility Antigen H-2D
- Immunologic Memory
- Immunophenotyping
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Intracellular Fluid/immunology
- Intracellular Fluid/microbiology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/microbiology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/pathology
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/microbiology
- Lung/pathology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/immunology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/microbiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Oligopeptides/immunology
- Oligopeptides/metabolism
- Pneumonia, Bacterial/immunology
- Pneumonia, Bacterial/microbiology
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/microbiology
- Suppressor Factors, Immunologic
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/microbiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/microbiology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vacuoles/immunology
- Vacuoles/microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wizel
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler 75708, USA.
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22
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Coler RN, Campos-Neto A, Ovendale P, Day FH, Fling SP, Zhu L, Serbina N, Flynn JL, Reed SG, Alderson MR. Vaccination with the T cell antigen Mtb 8.4 protects against challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Immunol 2001; 166:6227-35. [PMID: 11342645 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.10.6227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of an effective vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a research area of intense interest. Mounting evidence suggests that protective immunity to M. tuberculosis relies on both MHC class II-restricted CD4(+) T cells and MHC class I-restricted CD8(+) T cells. By purifying polypeptides present in the culture filtrate of M. tuberculosis and evaluating these molecules for their ability to stimulate PBMC from purified protein derivative-positive healthy individuals, we previously identified a low-m.w. immunoreactive T cell Ag, Mtb 8.4, which elicited strong Th1 T cell responses in healthy purified protein derivative-positive human PBMC and in mice immunized with recombinant Mtb 8.4. Herein we report that Mtb 8.4-specific T cells can be detected in mice immunized with the current live attenuated vaccine, Mycobacterium bovis-bacillus Calmette-Guérin as well as in mice infected i.v. with M. tuberculosis. More importantly, immunization of mice with either plasmid DNA encoding Mtb 8.4 or Mtb 8.4 recombinant protein formulated with IFA elicited strong CD4(+) T cell and CD8(+) CTL responses and induced protection on challenge with virulent M. tuberculosis. Thus, these results suggest that Mtb 8.4 is a potential candidate for inclusion in a subunit vaccine against TB.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Bacterial/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- BCG Vaccine/administration & dosage
- BCG Vaccine/immunology
- Bacterial Proteins
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- DNA, Bacterial/administration & dosage
- DNA, Bacterial/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/microbiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mycobacterium bovis/immunology
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/microbiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/microbiology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/microbiology
- Tuberculosis/immunology
- Tuberculosis/prevention & control
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Coler
- The Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
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23
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de la Barrera S, Fink S, Finiasz M, Alemán M, Helena Fariña M, Pizzariello G, del Carmen Sasiain M. Lysis of autologous macrophages pulsed with hsp10 from Mycobacterium leprae is associated to the absence of bacilli in leprosy. Immunol Lett 2001; 76:55-62. [PMID: 11222914 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(00)00319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from leprosy patients and normal individuals were analysed for their ability to lyse autologous macrophages pulsed with the Mycobacterium leprae 10 kDa heat shock protein (hsp10), an antigen considered to have an important role in the protective responses in leprosy. Strong cytotoxic responses, with an involvement of gammadelta T and class-I and class-II restricted alphabeta T cells and/or CD16+56+ cells, were observed in normal individuals, paucibacillary (PB) and those multibacillary (MB) patients with undetectable bacillary load. On the contrary, only a weak class-II restricted cytotoxic response was observed in those MB patients with positive bacillary load (MB(+)). Simultaneous addition of IFNgamma plus TNFalpha and IL-12 during hsp10 stimulation could partially upregulate the low cytotoxic response observed in MB(+) by enhancing class-II restricted T cell activity and by development of gammadelta T and/or CD16+56+ cell activity. Our results suggest that the ability to mount an effective cytotoxic response against hsp10-pulsed macrophages in leprosy patients is closely related to the patient's bacterial load and not to the clinical form of the disease.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- CD56 Antigen/biosynthesis
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chaperonin 10/immunology
- Chaperonin 10/metabolism
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Female
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/physiology
- Interleukin-12/physiology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Leprosy/immunology
- Leprosy/microbiology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Macrophages/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mycobacterium leprae/growth & development
- Mycobacterium leprae/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, IgG/biosynthesis
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/microbiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/microbiology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- S de la Barrera
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Pacheco de Melo 3081, 1425, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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24
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Mahdi OS, Whittle HC, Joof H, Mabey DC, Bailey RL. Failure to detect HLA-A*6802-restricted CD8+ T cells specific for Chlamydia trachomatis antigens in subjects from trachoma-endemic communities. Clin Exp Immunol 2001; 123:68-72. [PMID: 11168000 PMCID: PMC1905948 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01416.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of HLA-A*6802-restricted CD8+ T cells in chlamydial disease was investigated in human ocular infections. Peptides with predicted binding motifs for HLA-A*6802 were synthesized using sequences based on chlamydial antigens, major outer membrane protein (MOMP), macrophage infectivity potentiator (MIP) and heat shock protein (hsp70). Peptides were pooled according to Chlamydia trachomatis protein type and serovar, and were tested in 51Cr-release cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays, using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from subjects living in trachoma-endemic communities in The Gambia. Significant CTL activity or interferon-gamma release was not detected in any of the subjects, suggesting either that HLA-A*6802 CD8+ T cells may not be important in ocular infections or that the peptides chosen did not represent epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Mahdi
- Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia, West Africa and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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25
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Ottones F, Dornand J, Naroeni A, Liautard JP, Favero J. V gamma 9V delta 2 T cells impair intracellular multiplication of Brucella suis in autologous monocytes through soluble factor release and contact-dependent cytotoxic effect. J Immunol 2000; 165:7133-9. [PMID: 11120844 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.12.7133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells are considered to play an important role in brucellosis, as this population is dramatically increased in peripheral blood of patients during the acute phase of the infection. This T lymphocyte population has been largely demonstrated to be activated by small m.w. nonpeptidic molecules from natural or synthetic origin. We recently identified a nonpeptidic fraction of Brucella suis that specifically activates human Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells. Using a two-separate-chambers system, we showed that Brucella fraction, as well as isopentenyl pyrophosphate-activated Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells, impaired the multiplication of B. suis in differentiated THP-1 cells through TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma release. In the present study, using circulating Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells and autologous monocytes infected with B. suis, we provide evidence that 1) intramonocytic multiplication of B. suis is impaired by supernatants of activated Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells in part via TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, this impairment occurring without host cell lysis; 2) unstimulated Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells can impair intracellular bacterial multiplication after their activation by soluble factors released by infected monocytes; and 3) activated Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells lyse Brucella-infected monocytes in a contact-dependent manner. Taken together, these results provide evidence that Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells, in addition to being directly activated by soluble nonpeptidic molecules, can be stimulated to become highly cytotoxic in the specific presence of infected monocytes; moreover, they suggest how Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells could be triggered and respond as antibacterial effector cells in the early stages of Brucella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ottones
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 431, Microbiologie et Pathologie Cellulaire Infectieuse, Université de Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
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26
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Smith SM, Brookes R, Klein MR, Malin AS, Lukey PT, King AS, Ogg GS, Hill AV, Dockrell HM. Human CD8+ CTL specific for the mycobacterial major secreted antigen 85A. J Immunol 2000; 165:7088-95. [PMID: 11120838 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.12.7088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of CD8(+) CTL in protection against tuberculosis in human disease is unclear. In this study, we stimulated the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated individuals with live Mycobacterium bovis BCG bacilli to establish short-term cell lines and then purified the CD8(+) T cells. A highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay for single cell IFN-gamma release was used to screen CD8(+) T cells with overlapping peptides spanning the mycobacterial major secreted protein, Ag85A. Three peptides consistently induced a high frequency of IFN-gamma responsive CD8(+) T cells, and two HLA-A*0201 binding motifs, P(48-56) and P(242-250), were revealed within the core sequences. CD8(+) T cells responding to the 9-mer epitopes were visualized within fresh blood by ELISPOT using free peptide or by binding of HLA-A*0201 tetrameric complexes. The class I-restricted CD8(+) T cells were potent CTL effector cells that efficiently lysed an HLA-A2-matched monocyte cell line pulsed with peptide as well as autologous macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis or recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the whole Ag85A protein. Tetramer assays revealed a 6-fold higher frequency of peptide-specific T cells than IFN-gamma ELISPOT assays, indicating functional heterogeneity within the CD8(+) T cell population. These results demonstrate a previously unrecognized, MHC class I-restricted, CD8(+) CTL response to a major secreted Ag of mycobacteria and supports the use of Ag85A as a candidate vaccine against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Smith
- Immunology Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom.
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27
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Geluk A, van Meijgaarden KE, Franken KL, Drijfhout JW, D'Souza S, Necker A, Huygen K, Ottenhoff TH. Identification of major epitopes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis AG85B that are recognized by HLA-A*0201-restricted CD8+ T cells in HLA-transgenic mice and humans. J Immunol 2000; 165:6463-71. [PMID: 11086086 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.11.6463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CD8(+) T cells are thought to play an important role in protective immunity to tuberculosis. Although several nonprotein ligands have been identified for CD1-restricted CD8(+) CTLs, epitopes for classical MHC class I-restricted CD8(+) T cells, which most likely represent a majority among CD8(+) T cells, have remained ill defined. HLA-A*0201 is one of the most prevalent class I alleles, with a frequency of over 30% in most populations. HLA-A2/K(b) transgenic mice were shown to provide a powerful model for studying induction of HLA-A*0201-restricted immune responses in vivo. The Ag85 complex, a major component of secreted Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins, induces strong CD4(+) T cell responses in M. tuberculosis-infected individuals, and protection against tuberculosis in Ag85-DNA-immunized animals. In this study, we demonstrate the presence of HLA class I-restricted, CD8(+) T cells against Ag85B of M. tuberculosis in HLA-A2/K(b) transgenic mice and HLA-A*0201(+) humans. Moreover, two immunodominant Ag85 peptide epitopes for HLA-A*0201-restricted, M. tuberculosis-reactive CD8(+) CTLs were identified. These CD8(+) T cells produced IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and recognized Ag-pulsed or bacillus Calmette-Guérin-infected, HLA-A*0201-positive, but not HLA-A*0201-negative or uninfected human macrophages. This CTL-mediated killing was blocked by anti-CD8 or anti-HLA class I mAb. Using fluorescent peptide/HLA-A*0201 tetramers, Ag85-specific CD8(+) T cells could be visualized in bacillus Calmette-Guérin-responsive, HLA-A*0201(+) individuals. Collectively, our results demonstrate the presence of HLA class I-restricted CD8(+) CTL against a major Ag of M. tuberculosis and identify Ag85B epitopes that are strongly recognized by HLA-A*0201-restricted CD8(+) T cells in humans and mice. These epitopes thus represent potential subunit components for the design of vaccines against tuberculosis.
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MESH Headings
- Acyltransferases
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Antigens, Bacterial/metabolism
- Bacterial Proteins/administration & dosage
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- DNA, Bacterial/administration & dosage
- DNA, Bacterial/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- H-2 Antigens/genetics
- H-2 Antigens/metabolism
- HLA-A2 Antigen/administration & dosage
- HLA-A2 Antigen/genetics
- HLA-A2 Antigen/immunology
- HLA-A2 Antigen/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunodominant Epitopes/genetics
- Immunodominant Epitopes/isolation & purification
- Immunodominant Epitopes/metabolism
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Peptide Mapping
- Plasmids/administration & dosage
- Plasmids/chemical synthesis
- Plasmids/immunology
- Protein Binding/genetics
- Protein Binding/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- A Geluk
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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28
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Thoma-Uszynski S, Stenger S, Modlin RL. CTL-mediated killing of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis is independent of target cell nuclear apoptosis. J Immunol 2000; 165:5773-9. [PMID: 11067936 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.10.5773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two subsets of human CTL have been defined based upon phenotype and function: CD4(-) CD8(-) double-negative (DN) CTL lyse susceptible targets via Fas-Fas ligand interaction and CD8(+) CTL via the granule exocytosis pathway. CD8(+) CTL, but not DN CTL, can mediate an antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected target cells that is dependent on cytotoxic granules that contain granulysin. We investigated the role of nuclear apoptosis for the antimicrobial effector function of CD1-restricted CTL using the caspase inhibitor N:-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone. We found that DN CTL-induced target cell lysis was completely dependent on caspase activation, whereas the cytolytic activity of CD8(+) CTL was caspase independent. However, both DN and CD8(+) CTL-induced nuclear apoptosis required caspase activation. More important, the antimicrobial effector function of CD8(+) CTL was not diminished by inhibition of caspase activity. These data indicate that target cell nuclear apoptosis is not a requirement for CTL-mediated killing of intracellular M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thoma-Uszynski
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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29
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Seaman MS, Wang CR, Forman J. MHC class Ib-restricted CTL provide protection against primary and secondary Listeria monocytogenes infection. J Immunol 2000; 165:5192-201. [PMID: 11046052 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.9.5192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Infection of B6 mice with the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (LM) results in the activation of CD8(+) T cells that respond to Ag presented by both MHC class Ia and class Ib molecules. Enzyme-linked immunospot analysis reveals that these CTL populations expand and contract at different times following a primary sublethal LM infection. Between days 4 and 6 postinfection, class Ib-restricted CTL exhibit a rapid proliferative response that is primarily H2-M3 restricted. The peak response of class Ia-restricted CD8(+) T cells occurs a few days later, after the majority of bacteria have been cleared. Although class Ia-restricted CTL exhibit a vigorous recall response to secondary LM infection, we observe limited expansion of class Ib-restricted memory CTL, even in MHC class Ia-deficient mice (B6.K(b-/-)D(b-/-)). Despite this lack of enhanced expansion in vivo, class Ib-restricted memory CTL retain the ability to proliferate and expand when provided with Ag in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in vivo depletion of CD8(+) T cells in LM-immune B6.K(b-/-)D(b-/-) mice severely impairs memory protection. Together, these data demonstrate that class Ib-restricted CTL play an important role in clearing a primary LM infection and generate a memory population capable of providing significant protection against subsequent infection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- H-2 Antigens/genetics
- H-2 Antigens/immunology
- HLA-D Antigens/genetics
- HLA-D Antigens/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II
- Immunization, Secondary
- Immunodominant Epitopes/genetics
- Immunodominant Epitopes/immunology
- Immunologic Memory/genetics
- Immunophenotyping
- Kinetics
- Listeria monocytogenes/immunology
- Listeriosis/genetics
- Listeriosis/immunology
- Listeriosis/prevention & control
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/microbiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Seaman
- Immunology Graduate Program and Center for Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
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30
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Serbina NV, Liu CC, Scanga CA, Flynn JL. CD8+ CTL from lungs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected mice express perforin in vivo and lyse infected macrophages. J Immunol 2000; 165:353-63. [PMID: 10861072 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.1.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ T lymphocytes have been implicated in the protective immune response against human and murine tuberculosis. However, the functional role that this cell subset plays during the resolution of infection remains controversial. In this study, we demonstrate the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD8+ CTL in the lungs and lung-draining lymph nodes of mice infected with M. tuberculosis via the aerosol or i.v. route. These cells expressed perforin in vivo and specifically recognized and lysed M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages in a perforin-dependent manner after a short period of in vitro restimulation. The efficiency of lysis of infected macrophages was dependent upon the time allowed for interaction between macrophage and M. tuberculosis bacilli. Recognition of infected targets by CD8+ CTL was beta 2-microglobulin and MHC class I dependent and was not CD1d restricted. The presented data indicate that CD8+ T cells contribute to the protective immune response during M. tuberculosis infection by exerting cytotoxic function and lysing infected macrophages.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Intranasal
- Aerosols
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/administration & dosage
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Female
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/microbiology
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/microbiology
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/microbiology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/deficiency
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Organ Specificity/immunology
- Perforin
- Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/microbiology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/pathology
- beta 2-Microglobulin/deficiency
- beta 2-Microglobulin/genetics
- beta 2-Microglobulin/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Serbina
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry and Medicine, and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15261, USA
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31
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Abe Y, Muta K, Ohshima K, Hirase N, Matsushima T, Yufu Y, Nishimura J, Nawata H. Cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma diffusely involving the entire gastrointestinal tract associated with Epstein-Barr virus and tubercle bacilli infection. Int J Hematol 2000; 71:379-84. [PMID: 10905059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
We describe a rare case of cytotoxic gastrointestinal T-cell lymphoma with protein-losing enteropathy. Initial examination revealed the coexistence of T-cell lymphoma and tuberculosis in the mesenteric lymph node and liver. Despite anti-tuberculosis and anti-cancer treatment, the patient experienced chronic diarrhea and malabsorption and died approximately 3 years after onset. Autopsy specimens revealed medium-sized lymphoma cells, with a phenotype of CD3+, CD4-, CD7+, CD8+, CD30-, CD56-, CD103 (HML-1)-, TIA-1+, and granzyme B+, proliferating primarily and consistently in the mucosa of the entire bowel tract from esophagus to rectum. Interestingly, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded small nuclear RNAs were detected in the tumors by in situ hybridization. Southern blot analysis revealed monoclonal proliferation in the EBV-infected T cells. Although the present case can possibly be categorized as an intestinal T-cell lymphoma according to the Revised European-American Lymphoma Classification, the case showed a unique clinical course and distribution of lymphoma cells. We present here an interesting case of gastrointestinal cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma and examine the possible association with infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Abe
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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32
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Abstract
To gain insight into the routes of presentation of pathogen sequences via DNA vaccines, we have compared the abilities of sequences encoding fragment C of tetanus toxin (FrC) and influenza A virus nucleoprotein (NP) to induce antibody or cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) responses in vivo. Strong antibody and CTL responses were induced against FrC targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and both were reduced by removal of the leader sequence. In contrast, targeting of NP to the ER generated only a modest antibody response, likely due to misfolding in this site. Removal of the leader sequence led to anti-NP antibodies via cross-priming. For NP, induction of CTLs was not influenced by the leader sequence. Exogenous FrC or NP delivered as proteins were unable to induce CTLs. Routes to induction of optimal immune responses via DNA evidently differ according to the nature of the encoded pathogen sequence. Understanding processing pathways for pathogen sequences should assist rational design of DNA vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antigen Presentation/genetics
- COS Cells
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Influenza A virus/genetics
- Influenza A virus/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nucleocapsid Proteins
- Nucleoproteins/genetics
- Nucleoproteins/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Protein Sorting Signals/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/microbiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/virology
- Tetanus Toxin/genetics
- Tetanus Toxin/immunology
- Transfection
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Viral Core Proteins/genetics
- Viral Core Proteins/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rice
- Molecular Immunology Group, Southampton University Hospitals Trust, UK
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33
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Seaman MS, Pérarnau B, Lindahl KF, Lemonnier FA, Forman J. Response to Listeria monocytogenes in mice lacking MHC class Ia molecules. J Immunol 1999; 162:5429-36. [PMID: 10228021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
MHC class Ia-deficient mice (H2 Kb-/- Db-/-) inoculated with the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (LM) displayed a three- to fourfold expansion of splenic CD8+ T cells 6 days following infection. Culture of these spleen cells in vitro gave rise to CTL that recognized LM-infected target cells and were restricted by the class Ib molecules, Qa1b and M3. Exposure of target cells to heat-killed LM (HKLM) rather than live bacteria did not result in CTL-mediated lysis. Target cells pulsed with three LM peptides known to bind M3, f-MIGWII, f-MIVTLF, and f-MIVIL, were recognized by effector cells from both B6 and Kb-/- Db-/- animals. In vivo analysis showed that B6 and Kb-/- Db-/- mice clear LM from the spleen and liver rapidly with similar kinetics, whereas TAP.1-/- mice, which are deficient in class Ia and Ib molecules, clear LM slowly upon infection. To establish the in vivo role of CD8+ T cells in Kb-/- Db-/- animals, we showed that depletion of such cells from the spleens of immune mice prevented the adoptive transfer of protective immunity to syngeneic recipients. Spleen cells from Kb-/- Db-/- mice were also capable of generating responses directed against syngeneic as well as allogeneic class Ia molecules in vitro. Thus, class Ia-deficient animals have a CD8+ T cell repertoire capable of recognizing both class Ia and class Ib molecules and can generate protective immunity to LM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Seaman
- Immunology Graduate Program, Center for Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235, USA
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34
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Lo WF, Ong H, Metcalf ES, Soloski MJ. T cell responses to Gram-negative intracellular bacterial pathogens: a role for CD8+ T cells in immunity to Salmonella infection and the involvement of MHC class Ib molecules. J Immunol 1999; 162:5398-406. [PMID: 10228017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite being a major group of intracellular pathogens, the role of class I-restricted T cells in the clearance of Gram-negative bacteria is not resolved. Using a murine typhoid model, a role for class I-restricted T cells in the immune response to the Gram-negative pathogen Salmonella typhimurium is revealed. Class I-deficient beta2-microglobulin-/- mice show increased susceptibility to infection with S. typhimurium. Following infection, CD8+ CTLs specific for Salmonella-infected targets can be readily detected. The Salmonella-specific CTLs recognize infected H-2-mismatched targets, suggesting the involvement of shared class Ib molecules. Studies using transfectants expressing defined class Ia and class Ib molecules indicate the involvement of the class Ib molecule, Qa-1. Ab-blocking studies and the measurement of bacteria-specific CTL frequencies identified Qa-1 as a dominant restricting element. The Qa-1-restricted CTL recognition depends on TAP and proteasome functions. Surprisingly, Qa-1-restricted CTLs recognized cells infected with other closely related Gram-negative bacteria. Taken together, these observations indicate that Salmonella-specific CTLs recognize a cross-reactive epitope presented by Qa-1 molecules and, as such, may be novel targets for vaccine development.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Disease Susceptibility
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Salmonella Infections, Animal/immunology
- Salmonella Infections, Animal/microbiology
- Salmonella typhimurium/growth & development
- Salmonella typhimurium/immunology
- Salmonella typhimurium/pathogenicity
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- W F Lo
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Graduate Program in Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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35
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Bouwer HG, Shen H, Fan X, Miller JF, Barry RA, Hinrichs DJ. Existing antilisterial immunity does not inhibit the development of a Listeria monocytogenes-specific primary cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response. Infect Immun 1999; 67:253-8. [PMID: 9864223 PMCID: PMC96304 DOI: 10.1128/iai.67.1.253-258.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/1998] [Accepted: 10/28/1998] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection of BALB/c mice with Listeria monocytogenes stimulates an antilisterial immune response evident by the appearance of H2-Kd-restricted CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) specific for the nanomer peptides amino acids (aa) 91 to 99 of listeriolysin O (LLO 91-99) and aa 217 to 225 of the p60 molecule (p60 217-225). We have introduced point mutations at anchor residues within LLO 91-99 (92F) or p60 217-225 (218F), and BALB/c mice infected with L. monocytogenes strains containing these point mutations do not develop CTLs specific for LLO 91-99 or p60 217-225, respectively. We have used these strains to test whether primary CTL responses against L. monocytogenes-derived determinants can be stimulated within an environment of existing antilisterial immunity. We found that the development of a primary L. monocytogenes-specific CTL response is not altered by existing immunity to L. monocytogenes. For example, primary immunization with the p60 218F strain of L. monocytogenes followed by a secondary immunization with wild-type L. monocytogenes results in stimulation of p60 217-225-specific CTLs at primary response levels and LLO 91-99-specific effectors at levels consistent with a memory CTL response. Similarly, primary immunization with the 92F strain of L. monocytogenes followed by a secondary immunization with wild-type L. monocytogenes results in stimulation of LLO 91-99-specific CTLs at primary response levels and p60 217-225-specific effectors at levels consistent with a memory CTL response. These results provide additional support for the use of L. monocytogenes as a recombinant vaccine vector and show that antivector immunity does not inhibit the development of a primary CTL response when the epitope is delivered by L. monocytogenes as the vaccine strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Bouwer
- Immunology Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA.
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36
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Uchijima M, Yoshida A, Nagata T, Koide Y. Optimization of codon usage of plasmid DNA vaccine is required for the effective MHC class I-restricted T cell responses against an intracellular bacterium. J Immunol 1998; 161:5594-9. [PMID: 9820537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to study codon usage effects of DNA vaccines on the induction of MHC class I-restricted T cell responses against an intracellular bacterium, Listeria monocytogenes, we designed two plasmid DNA vaccines encoding an H-2Kd-restricted epitope of listeriolysin O (LLO) of L. monocytogenes, LLO 91-99. One DNA vaccine, p91wt, carries the wild-type DNA sequence encoding LLO 91-99, and the other one, p91mam, possesses the altered DNA sequence in which the codon usage was optimized for murine system. Our read-through analyses with LLO 91-99/luciferase fusion genes confirmed that the optimized 91mam DNA sequence showed extremely higher translation efficiency than the wild-type sequence in murine cells. Consistent with this, i.m. injections of p91mam, but not of p91wt, into BALB/c mice were capable of inducing specific CTL- and IFN-gamma-producing CD8+ T cells able to confer partial protection against listerial challenge. Taken together, these observations suggest that optimization of codon should be taken into consideration in the construction of DNA vaccines against nonviral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Uchijima
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Pamer
- Deaprtment of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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38
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Abstract
Protective immunity to infection by many intracellular pathogens requires recognition by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) of antigens presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. To be presented for recognition by pathogen-specific CTLs, these antigens must gain access to the host cell class I processing pathway. In the case of intracellular bacterial pathogens, the majority of bacterial proteins are retained within the bacterial membrane and therefore remain inaccessible to the host cell for antigen processing. We have isolated a CTL clone from a C57BL/6 mouse infected with the intracellular gram-positive bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (LM) and have identified the source of the antigen. Using a genomic expression library, we determined that the clone recognizes an antigenic N-formyl peptide presented by the nonpolymorphic murine MHC class Ib molecule, H2-M3. Several lengths of this peptide were able to sensitize cells for lysis by this CTL clone. The source of this antigenic peptide is a 23-amino acid polypeptide encoded at the start of a polycistronic region. Analysis of mRNA secondary structure of this region suggests that this polypeptide may be a leader peptide encoded by a transcriptional attenuator.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Princiotta
- National Jewish Medical and Research Center, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
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39
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Ackermann B, Staege MS, Reske-Kunz AB, Dienes HP, Meyer zum Büschenfelde KH, Märker-Hermann E. Enterobacteria-infected T cells as antigen-presenting cells for cytotoxic CD8 T cells: a contribution to the self-limitation of cellular immune reactions in reactive arthritis? J Infect Dis 1997; 175:1121-7. [PMID: 9129075 DOI: 10.1086/516451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In enterobacteria-induced reactive arthritis (ReA), different T cell subsets play a role in the induction and maintenance of the synovitic process. Synovial fluid-derived alphabeta CD4, alphabeta CD8, and gammadelta T lymphocyte clones (TLC) that recognize Yersinia or Salmonella antigens on professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) have been characterized, and T cells themselves can function as nonprofessional APC. T cells were infected with the facultatively intracellular, arthritogenic enterobacterium Yersinia enterocolitica O:3. A CD8 TLC isolated from a patient with Yersinia-induced ReA recognized and efficiently lysed autologous and allogeneic Yersinia-infected T cells. Infected cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) had a reduced lytic capacity against syngeneic and allogeneic infected target cells, suggesting that the infection of CTL by bacteria may represent a mechanism of immune escape. In ReA, antigen presentation by T cells may modify the antibacterial immune response and may also contribute to network control mechanisms of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ackermann
- First Department of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Germany
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40
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Denis O, Lozes E, Huygen K. Induction of cytotoxic T-cell responses against culture filtrate antigens in Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin-infected mice. Infect Immun 1997; 65:676-84. [PMID: 9009330 PMCID: PMC176113 DOI: 10.1128/iai.65.2.676-684.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are essential for protection against mycobacteria, as is clearly demonstrated by the fatal outcome of experimental infection of beta-2 microglobulin knockout mice. However, the mechanisms and antigens (Ags) leading to CD8+ T-cell activation and regulation have been poorly characterized. Here we show that, upon immunization of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-congenic mice with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), a cytotoxic response against BCG culture filtrate (CF) Ags (CFAgs) is induced in H-2b and H-2bxd haplotypes but not in H-2d haplotype. This response is mediated by CD8+ T cells and absolutely requires the activation of CD4+ T cells and their secretion of interleukin 2. The lack of cytotoxic response in H-2d mice cannot be explained by impaired cytokine production or by a defect in Ag presentation by H-2d macrophages. Using the MHC class I mutant B6.C-H-2bm13 mouse strain, we demonstrate that cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognize CFAgs exclusively in association with D(b) molecules. These Ags are cross-reactive in mycobacteria, since BCG-induced CTLs also recognize macrophages pulsed with CF from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and H37Ra and from two virulent strains of M. bovis. Moreover, immunization with Mycobacterium kansasii induces CTLs able to lyse macrophages pulsed with BCG CF. Finally, we have found that these Ags can be characterized as hydrophilic proteins, since they do not bind to phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B. Our results indicate that MHC-linked genes exert a profound influence on the generation of CD8+ CTLs following BCG vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Denis
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Brussels, Belgium
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41
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Shinomiya Y, Harada M, Tamada K, Kurosawa S, Okamoto T, Terao H, Takenoyama M, Ito O, Hirashima C, Li T, Shirakusa T, Nomoto K. The augmenting effect of OK432-stimulated B cells on the in vitro generation of anti-tumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes from tumor-draining lymph node cells: the possible role of interleukin-12. In Vivo 1997; 11:1-8. [PMID: 9067765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Effect of a local injection with a streptococcal preparation OK432 on the in vitro generation of anti-tumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) from tumor-draining lymph nodes (LN) was investigated. A peritumoral injection with OK432 on days 2, 4, 6 and 8 significantly increased both the total cell number and the proportion of B cells in the draining LN cells on day 10 after a subcutaneous inoculation with B16 melanoma. In an in vitro proliferative assay, OK432 showed a stimulatory effect on both normal splenic T and B cells. In a cytolytic assay, the OK432-injected B16-draining LN cells showed a higher level of anti-B16 CTL activity than the B16-draining LN cells after in vitro restimulation. This augmenting effect of OK432 was dependent on the B cells. Moreover, nonadherent cells from the OK432-injected B16-draining LN cells showed a low but significantly higher level of anti-B16 CTL activity than those from the B 16-draining LN cells after in vitro restimulation, whereas this augmenting effect of OK432 was abolished by the in vitro addition of anti-interleukin (IL)-12 monoclonal antibody. Collectively, these findings suggest that the augmenting effect of a local injection with OK432 on the potential of tumor-draining LN cells to turn into anti-tumor CTLs after in vitro restimulation was at least in part due to IL-12 derived from the OK432-stimulated B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shinomiya
- Department of Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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42
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Dyall R, Vasović LV, Molano A, Nikolić-Zugić J. CD4-independent in vivo priming of murine CTL by optimal MHC class I-restricted peptides derived from intracellular pathogens. Int Immunol 1995; 7:1205-12. [PMID: 7495727 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/7.8.1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
CTL combat intracellular pathogens by killing infected cells. The molecular targets of their attack are foreign peptides bound to self MHC encoded class I molecules. Immunization of mice with peptides containing CTL determinants was shown to elicit CD4-dependent CTL. Here, we have achieved in vivo CTL priming with naturally processed 8-10 amino acid long class I-restricted peptides emulsified in an adjuvant. A potent, reproducible and physiologically relevant response was obtained using peptides from an intracellular bacterium and five viruses (including HIV) in two murine MHC haplotypes. This method is suitable for multiple vaccination, since a 'cocktail' of peptides derived from three pathogens elicited effector CTL against each pathogen. Most importantly, peptide-induced CD8+CD4- CTL were CD4(+)-independent. These results have implications for CTL induction in situations where CD4 T cells are depleted or compromised, as is the case in HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dyall
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10021, USA
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- G Klein
- Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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44
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Abstract
The effect of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection on human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) lytic function was assessed. All HSV-infected CTL populations tested were significantly inhibited in lysing target cells. The inhibition of CTL lytic function by infection with HSV-1 was independent of T-cell receptor-mediated antigen recognition and did not involve virus-induced shutoff of host protein synthesis, the expression of the HSV-1 transactivation protein, ICP4, or replicating virus. Understanding the functional impairment of CTL following infection with HSV may have important implications for HSV-induced immunosuppression and the mechanism of HSV persistence in immunocompetent hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Posavad
- Department of Pathology, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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45
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Guidotti LG, Ando K, Hobbs MV, Ishikawa T, Runkel L, Schreiber RD, Chisari FV. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes inhibit hepatitis B virus gene expression by a noncytolytic mechanism in transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91:3764-8. [PMID: 8170985 PMCID: PMC43662 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.9.3764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, distinct host-virus interactions may establish the patterns of viral clearance and persistence and the extent of virus-associated pathology. It is generally thought that HBV-specific class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play a critical role in this process by destroying infected hepatocytes. This cytopathic mechanism, however, could be lethal if most of the hepatocytes are infected. In the current study, we demonstrate that class I-restricted HBV-specific CTLs profoundly suppress hepatocellular HBV gene expression in HBV transgenic mice by a noncytolytic process, the strength of which greatly exceeds the cytopathic effect of the CTLs in magnitude and duration. We also show that the regulatory effect of the CTLs is initially mediated by interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha, is delayed in onset, and becomes independent of these cytokines shortly after it begins. The data indicate that the anti-viral CTL response activates a complex regulatory cascade that inhibits hepatocellular HBV gene expression without killing the cell. The extent to which this mechanism contributes to viral clearance or viral persistence during HBV infection remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Guidotti
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
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46
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De Maria A, Colombini S, Schnittman SM, Moretta L. CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocytes become infected in vitro in the process of killing HIV-1-infected target cells. Eur J Immunol 1994; 24:531-6. [PMID: 7907291 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830240306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present study the requirements for in vitro infection of antigen-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) with human immunodeficiency virus -1(HIV-1) were investigated. CD3+CD8+CD4- HIV-1 nef-specific CTL become infected with HIV-1 after short-term co-culture with HLA-matched HIV-1-infected CD20+ B lymphoblastoid cells (B-LCL) which are specifically killed. Similar results were observed with an allospecific CD8+ CTL population. In addition, co-culture experiments showed that once infected with HIV-1, these CD8+ CTL could spread the infection further to uninfected CD4+ lymphocytes. In contrast, CD8+ CTL did not become infected with HIV-1 when co-cultured with HLA-mismatched HIV-1-infected B-LCL which are not killed. These observations in vitro could have relevance in peripheral lymphoid organs contributing to the progressive decrease of HIV-specific CD8+ CTL activity that is associated with the progression to AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A De Maria
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale S. Martino, Genova, Italy
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Offit PA, Coupar BE, Svoboda YM, Jenkins RJ, McCrae MA, Abraham A, Hill NL, Boyle DB, Andrew ME, Both GW. Induction of rotavirus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes by vaccinia virus recombinants expressing individual rotavirus genes. Virology 1994; 198:10-6. [PMID: 8259644 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1994.1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We determined the capacity of vaccinia virus recombinants expressing individual rotavirus genes to induce virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in mice. Mice were orally inoculated with vaccinia virus recombinants containing genes which encode rotavirus outer capsid proteins vp4 or vp7, single-shelled virus proteins vp1, vp2, or vp6, or rotavirus nonstructural proteins NS53, NS35, NS28, or NS26/NS12. We found that (i) the greatest frequencies of virus-specific CTLs were induced by vaccinia virus recombinants expressing vp7, (ii) transport of vp7 beyond the endoplasmic reticulum was not necessary for induction of CTLs, (iii) recombinants expressing vp7 induced CTLs which reacted with different rotavirus serotypes, and (iv) CTLs were induced among both intestinal and nonintestinal lymphocytes after oral inoculation. These findings may be relevant to vaccine strategies which utilize vectors expressing individual rotavirus genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Offit
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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48
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Posavad CM, Newton JJ, Rosenthal KL. Inhibition of human CTL-mediated lysis by fibroblasts infected with herpes simplex virus. J Immunol 1993; 151:4865-73. [PMID: 8409445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that human anti-HSV CTL and allo-antigen-specific CTL were inhibited in lysing their normally sensitive target cells when they were exposed to human fibroblasts (FB) infected with herpes simplex virus (HSV). In this study, the mechanism of inhibition of CTL lytic function by FB infected with HSV-1 (HSV-FB) was studied. CTL exposed to HSV-FB early (2 h) in the infection cycle were inhibited by a mechanism that appears to be distinct from the inhibition of lytic function mediated by HSV-FB at late times (20 h) during the infection cycle. The inhibition of CTL-mediated lysis by FB infected with HSV-1 for 2 h required the expression of ICP4, an immediate-early protein of HSV-1, but not the production of infectious virus or virus-induced shut-off of host protein synthesis. In contrast, the expression of HSV-specific glycoproteins essential for viral infectivity (glycoproteins B, D, H, K, and L), and thus, infectious virus, was required for inhibition of CTL lytic function by FB infected with HSV-1 for 20 h. Further, CTL exposed to FB infected with HSV-1 for 20 h expressed HSV-specific proteins indicating that they were infected with HSV-1. Cell-to-cell spread of HSV-1 appeared to be the major mode of transmission because 1) an insufficient level of HSV-1 was present in the supernatant of HSV-FB to inhibit CTL lytic function; and 2) paraformaldehyde-fixed HSV-FB did not inhibit CTL-mediated lysis. The inhibition of CTL lytic function by HSV-FB may be an important mechanism of HSV-induced immunosuppression, permitting the virus to spread and persist in immunocompetent hosts after primary infection or reactivation of latent HSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Posavad
- Department of Pathology, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Kurane I, Dai LC, Livingston PG, Reed E, Ennis FA. Definition of an HLA-DPw2-restricted epitope on NS3, recognized by a dengue virus serotype-cross-reactive human CD4+ CD8- cytotoxic T-cell clone. J Virol 1993; 67:6285-8. [PMID: 7690424 PMCID: PMC238054 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.67.10.6285-6288.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the clone JK34 was cross-reactive for dengue virus types 1, 2, 3, and 4 and recognized NS3 (I. Kurane, M. A. Brinton, A. L. Samson, and F. A. Ennis, J. Virol. 65:1823-1828, 1991). In the present experiments, we defined the epitope at the amino acid level, with 93 15-mer overlapping peptides which cover the entire NS3. A peptide 4 which contains amino acids 251 to 265 of NS3 sensitized the autologous B lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) to the lysis by JK34. The smallest peptide recognized by JK34 was a 10-mer peptide which contains amino acids 255 to 264 (EIVDLMCHAT). A monoclonal antibody to HLA-DP inhibited the lysis of epitope peptide-pulsed autologous LCL by JK34. Genotypic typing revealed that the HLA-DP of this donor is DPA1*01, DPB1*0201, which is serologically defined as HLA-DPw2. JK34 lysed peptide 4-pulsed allogeneic LCL which carried HLA-DPw2. These results indicate that HLA-DPw2 is the restriction allele for recognition of this epitope by JK34.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kurane
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01655
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Berend KR, Jung JU, Boyle TJ, DiMaio JM, Mungal SA, Desrosiers RC, Lyerly HK. Phenotypic and functional consequences of herpesvirus saimiri infection of human CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Virol 1993; 67:6317-21. [PMID: 8396687 PMCID: PMC238060 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.67.10.6317-6321.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) was used to infect and transform human CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), and the phenotypic and functional consequences of HVS infection of CD8+ T lymphocytes were investigated. HVS-transformed CTL no longer require antigen restimulation yet maintain their phenotype and HLA-restricted cytolytic function and specificity. The ability of HVS to transform CTL may have an important role in the functional analysis of human antigen-specific CTL.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- CD8 Antigens/analysis
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cell Transformation, Viral
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- DNA, Viral/analysis
- Flow Cytometry
- Herpesvirus 2, Saimiriine/genetics
- Herpesvirus 2, Saimiriine/immunology
- Humans
- Interleukin-2/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Phenotype
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/microbiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Berend
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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