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Kopyov A, Marhamati N, Shatzen E, Ochoa J, Mamilapally S, Freise A, Lazarz V, Bondelid K, McNulty N, Bock J, Wells C, Kopyov O. Tissue Engineering, Embryonic, Organ and Other Tissue Specific Stem Cells: UNDIFFERENTIATED NEURAL PROGENITOR CELLS RESPOND TO MICROENVIRONMENTAL CUES TO REPOPULATE DESTROYED SUBSTANTIA NIGRA AND RESTORE FUNCTION WHEN IMPLANTED IN THE ACUTE PHASE OF 6-OHDA-INDUCED NIGRAL DEGENERATION. Cytotherapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-3249(22)00403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bodenstein E, Beyreuther E, Bock J, Dietrich A, Pawelke J, Schürer M, Suckert T, Müller J, Lühr A. FLASH Modalities Track (Oral Presentations) FLAT PANEL PROTON RADIOGRAPHY IN HIGH-PRECISION IMAGE-GUIDED MOUSE BRAIN PROTON IRRADIATION. Phys Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)01561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Köhler JC, Gröger N, Lesse A, Guara Ciurana S, Rether K, Fegert J, Bock J, Braun K. Early-Life Adversity Induces Epigenetically Regulated Changes in Hippocampal Dopaminergic Molecular Pathways. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3616-3625. [PMID: 30173406 PMCID: PMC6476847 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Early-life adversity (ELA) represents a major risk factor for the development of behavioral dysfunctions and mental disorders later in life. On the other hand, dependent on type, time point, and duration, ELA exposure can also induce adaptations, which result in better stress coping and resilience later in life. Guided by the hypothesis that chronic exposure to ELA results in dysfunctional brain and behavior, whereas short exposure to ELA may result in resilience, the behavioral and neurobiological consequences of long-term separation stress (LTSS) and short-term separation stress (STSS) were compared in a mouse model for ELA. In line with our hypothesis, we found that LTSS induced depressive-like behavior, whereas STSS reduced depressive-like behavioral symptoms. We then tested the hypothesis that the opposite behavioral outcomes of the two stress paradigms may be mediated by functional, epigenetically regulated changes of dopaminergic modulation in the hippocampal formation. We found that STSS exposure elevated dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1) gene expression and decreased gene expression of its downstream modulator DARPP-32 (32-kDa dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein), which was paralleled by decreased H3 acetylation at its gene promoter region. In contrast, LTSS elevated DARPP-32 gene expression, which was not paralleled by changes in histone acetylation and DRD1 gene expression. These findings indicate that short- and long-term neonatal exposure to ELA induces changes in dopaminergic molecular pathways, some of which are epigenetically regulated and which either alleviate or aggravate depressive-like symptoms later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana C Köhler
- Department of Zoology/Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, Bldg. 91, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.,PG "Epigenetics and Structural Plasticity", Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - N Gröger
- Department of Zoology/Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, Bldg. 91, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A Lesse
- Department of Zoology/Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, Bldg. 91, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - S Guara Ciurana
- Department of Zoology/Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, Bldg. 91, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - K Rether
- Department of Zoology/Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, Bldg. 91, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - J Fegert
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie/Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - J Bock
- PG "Epigenetics and Structural Plasticity", Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Braun
- Department of Zoology/Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, Bldg. 91, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Waitz G, Bock J, Ahrenholz P, Paetow W, Michelsen A, Prophet H, Mehlhorn H, Mitzner S, Ramlow W, Winkler R. FP463ALBUMIN/C-REACTIVE PROTEIN RATIO IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE - HIGH FLUX HEMODIALYSIS VS. ONLINE HEMODIAFILTRATION. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy104.fp463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Grit Waitz
- MVZ Südstadt, Nephrocare Rostock GmbH, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bock
- Statistical analyses, Independent researcher, Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | - Ann Michelsen
- MVZ Lütten Klein, Nephrocare Rostock GmbH, Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | - Steffen Mitzner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Roland Winkler
- MVZ Lütten Klein, Nephrocare Rostock GmbH, Rostock, Germany
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Mannewitz A, Bock J, Kreitz S, Hess A, Goldschmidt J, Scheich H, Braun K. Comparing brain activity patterns during spontaneous exploratory and cue-instructed learning using single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of regional cerebral blood flow in freely behaving rats. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:2025-2038. [PMID: 29340757 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Learning can be categorized into cue-instructed and spontaneous learning types; however, so far, there is no detailed comparative analysis of specific brain pathways involved in these learning types. The aim of this study was to compare brain activity patterns during these learning tasks using the in vivo imaging technique of single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). During spontaneous exploratory learning, higher levels of rCBF compared to cue-instructed learning were observed in motor control regions, including specific subregions of the motor cortex and the striatum, as well as in regions of sensory pathways including olfactory, somatosensory, and visual modalities. In addition, elevated activity was found in limbic areas, including specific subregions of the hippocampal formation, the amygdala, and the insula. The main difference between the two learning paradigms analyzed in this study was the higher rCBF observed in prefrontal cortical regions during cue-instructed learning when compared to spontaneous learning. Higher rCBF during cue-instructed learning was also observed in the anterior insular cortex and in limbic areas, including the ectorhinal and entorhinal cortexes, subregions of the hippocampus, subnuclei of the amygdala, and the septum. Many of the rCBF changes showed hemispheric lateralization. Taken together, our study is the first to compare partly lateralized brain activity patterns during two different types of learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mannewitz
- Department of Zoology/Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, Bldg. 91, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - J Bock
- "Epigenetics and Structural Plasticity", Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - S Kreitz
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Fahrstr. 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Hess
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Fahrstr. 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Goldschmidt
- Department Acoustics, Learning and Speech, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department Systems Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - H Scheich
- Department Acoustics, Learning and Speech, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Braun
- Department of Zoology/Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, Bldg. 91, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany. .,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Baumann A, Winter K, Garthe T, Thäns N, Bock J, Schindler R, Bischoff B, Trumm C, Reiser M, Schwarz F. Systolische Akquisition bei High-Pitch CT-Angiografien zur TAVI-Planung – Wie gut gelingt das und wann besser nicht? ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1600229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Baumann
- Institut für Klinische Radiologie, LMU München, Campus Großhadern, Radiologie, München
| | - K Winter
- Institut für Klinische Radiologie, LMU München, Campus Großhadern, Radiologie, München
| | - T Garthe
- Institut für Klinische Radiologie, LMU München, Campus Großhadern, Radiologie, München
| | - N Thäns
- Institut für Klinische Radiologie, LMU München, Campus Großhadern, Radiologie, München
| | - J Bock
- Institut für Klinische Radiologie, LMU München, Campus Großhadern, Radiologie, München
| | - R Schindler
- Institut für Klinische Radiologie, LMU München, Campus Großhadern, Radiologie, München
| | - B Bischoff
- Institut für Klinische Radiologie, LMU München, Campus Großhadern, Radiologie, München
| | - C Trumm
- Institut für Klinische Radiologie, LMU München, Campus Großhadern, Radiologie, München
| | - M Reiser
- Institut für Klinische Radiologie, LMU München, Radiologie, München
| | - F Schwarz
- Klinik für Diagnostische Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Radiologie, Augsburg
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Bock J, Breuer S, Poeggel G, Braun K. Early life stress induces attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like behavioral and brain metabolic dysfunctions: functional imaging of methylphenidate treatment in a novel rodent model. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:765-780. [PMID: 27306789 PMCID: PMC5334429 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In a novel animal model Octodon degus we tested the hypothesis that, in addition to genetic predisposition, early life stress (ELS) contributes to the etiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder-like behavioral symptoms and the associated brain functional deficits. Since previous neurochemical observations revealed that early life stress impairs dopaminergic functions, we predicted that these symptoms can be normalized by treatment with methylphenidate. In line with our hypothesis, the behavioral analysis revealed that repeated ELS induced locomotor hyperactivity and reduced attention towards an emotionally relevant acoustic stimulus. Functional imaging using (14C)-2-fluoro-deoxyglucose-autoradiography revealed that the behavioral symptoms are paralleled by metabolic hypoactivity of prefrontal, mesolimbic and subcortical brain areas. Finally, the pharmacological intervention provided further evidence that the behavioral and metabolic dysfunctions are due to impaired dopaminergic neurotransmission. Elevating dopamine in ELS animals by methylphenidate normalized locomotor hyperactivity and attention-deficit and ameliorated brain metabolic hypoactivity in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bock
- Institute of Biology, Department of Zoology/Developmental Neurobiology, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - S Breuer
- Institute of Biology, Department of Zoology/Developmental Neurobiology, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - G Poeggel
- Institute for Biology, Human Biology, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - K Braun
- Institute of Biology, Department of Zoology/Developmental Neurobiology, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Viero MP, Moncelsi L, Quadri RF, Béthermin M, Bock J, Burgarella D, Chapman SC, Clements DL, Conley A, Conversi L, Duivenvoorden S, Dunlop JS, Farrah D, Franceschini A, Halpern M, Ivison RJ, Lagache G, Magdis G, Marchetti L, Álvarez-Márquez J, Marsden G, Oliver SJ, Page MJ, Pérez-Fournon I, Schulz B, Scott D, Valtchanov I, Vieira JD, Wang L, Wardlow J, Zemcov M. HERMES: CURRENT COSMIC INFRARED BACKGROUND ESTIMATES CAN BE EXPLAINED BY KNOWN GALAXIES AND THEIR FAINT COMPANIONS AT
z
< 4. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/809/2/l22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Bock J, Poeggel G, Gruss M, Wingenfeld K, Braun K. Infant Cognitive Training Preshapes Learning-Relevant Prefrontal Circuits for Adult Learning: Learning-Induced Tagging of Dendritic Spines. Cereb Cortex 2013; 24:2920-30. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Lorenz R, Bock J, Barker AJ, von Knobelsdorff-Brenkenhoff F, Wallis W, Korvink JG, Bissell MM, Schulz-Menger J, Markl M. 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging in bicuspid aortic valve disease demonstrates altered distribution of aortic blood flow helicity. Magn Reson Med 2013; 71:1542-53. [PMID: 23716466 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Changes in aortic geometry or presence of aortic valve (AoV) disease can result in substantially altered aortic hemodynamics. Dilatation of the ascending aorta or AoV abnormalities can result in an increase in helical flow. METHODS 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging was used to test the feasibility of quantitative helicity analysis using equidistantly distributed 2D planes along the entire aorta. The evaluation of the method included three parts: (1) the quantification of helicity in 12 healthy subjects, (2) an evaluation of observer variability and test-retest reliability, and (3) the quantification of helical flow in 16 patients with congenitally altered bicuspid AoVs. RESULTS Helicity quantification in healthy subjects revealed consistent directions of flow rotation along the entire aorta with high clockwise helicity in the aortic arch and an opposite rotation sense in the ascending and descending aorta. The results demonstrated good scan-rescan and inter- and intraobserver agreement of the helicity parameters. Helicity quantification in patients revealed a significant increase in absolute peak relative helicity during systole and a considerably greater heterogeneous distribution of mean helicity in the aorta. CONCLUSION The method has the potential to serve as a reference distribution for comparisons of helical flow between healthy subjects and patients or between different patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lorenz
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
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Brinkhof MWG, Mayorga O, Bock J, Heininger U, Herzog C. Kinetics of maternally acquired anti-hepatitis A antibodies: prediction of waning based on maternal or cord blood antibody levels. Vaccine 2013; 31:1490-5. [PMID: 23328312 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Timing is critical for efficient hepatitis A vaccination in high endemic areas as high levels of maternal IgG antibodies against the hepatitis A virus (HAV) present in the first year of life may impede the vaccine response. OBJECTIVES To describe the kinetics of the decline of anti-HAV maternal antibodies, and to estimate the time of complete loss of maternal antibodies in infants in León, Nicaragua, a region in which almost all mothers are anti-HAV seropositive. METHODS We collected cord blood samples from 99 healthy newborns together with 49 corresponding maternal blood samples, as well as further blood samples at 2 and 7 months of age. Anti-HAV IgG antibody levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). We predicted the time when antibodies would fall below 10 mIU/ml, the presumed lowest level of seroprotection. RESULTS Seroprevalence was 100% at birth (GMC 8392 mIU/ml); maternal and cord blood antibody concentrations were similar. The maternal antibody levels of the infants decreased exponentially with age and the half-life of the maternal antibody was estimated to be 40 days. The relationship between the antibody concentration at birth and time until full waning was described as: critical age (months)=3.355+1.969 × log(10)(Ab-level at birth). The survival model estimated that loss of passive immunity will have occurred in 95% of infants by the age of 13.2 months. CONCLUSIONS Complete waning of maternal anti-HAV antibodies may take until early in the second year of life. The here-derived formula relating maternal or cord blood antibody concentrations to the age at which passive immunity is lost may be used to determine the optimal age of childhood HAV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin W G Brinkhof
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Bock
- Food Science Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - K. Seetharaman
- Food Science Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Page MJ, Symeonidis M, Vieira JD, Altieri B, Amblard A, Arumugam V, Aussel H, Babbedge T, Blain A, Bock J, Boselli A, Buat V, Castro-Rodríguez N, Cava A, Chanial P, Clements DL, Conley A, Conversi L, Cooray A, Dowell CD, Dubois EN, Dunlop JS, Dwek E, Dye S, Eales S, Elbaz D, Farrah D, Fox M, Franceschini A, Gear W, Glenn J, Griffin M, Halpern M, Hatziminaoglou E, Ibar E, Isaak K, Ivison RJ, Lagache G, Levenson L, Lu N, Madden S, Maffei B, Mainetti G, Marchetti L, Nguyen HT, O’Halloran B, Oliver SJ, Omont A, Panuzzo P, Papageorgiou A, Pearson CP, Pérez-Fournon I, Pohlen M, Rawlings JI, Rigopoulou D, Riguccini L, Rizzo D, Rodighiero G, Roseboom IG, Rowan-Robinson M, Portal MS, Schulz B, Scott D, Seymour N, Shupe DL, Smith AJ, Stevens JA, Trichas M, Tugwell KE, Vaccari M, Valtchanov I, Viero M, Vigroux L, Wang L, Ward R, Wright G, Xu CK, Zemcov M. The suppression of star formation by powerful active galactic nuclei. Nature 2012; 485:213-6. [DOI: 10.1038/nature11096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Morisset JB, Mothe F, Bock J, Bréda N, Colin F. Epicormic ontogeny in Quercus petraea constrains the highly plausible control of epicormic sprouting by water and carbohydrates. Ann Bot 2012; 109:365-77. [PMID: 22147545 PMCID: PMC3268537 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is increasing evidence that suppressed bud burst and thus epicormic shoot emergence (sprouting) are controlled by water-carbohydrate supplies to entire trees and buds. This direct evidence is still lacking for oak. In other respects, recent studies focused on sessile oak, Quercus petraea, have confirmed the important constraints of sprouting by epicormic ontogeny. The main objective of this paper was thus to provide provisional confirmation of the water-carbohydrate control and direct evidence of the ontogenic constraints by bringing together results already published in separate studies on water status and distribution of carbohydrates, and on accompanying vegetation and epicormics, which also quantify epicormic ontogeny. METHODS This paper analyses results gained from a sessile oak experiment in which part of the site was free from fairly tall, dense accompanying vegetation. This experiment was initially focused on stand water status and more recently on the carbohydrate distribution of dominant trees. External observations of the epicormic composition and internal observations with X-ray computer tomography were undertaken on 60 and six trees, respectively. KEY RESULTS Sprouting was more intense in the part of the stand free from accompanying vegetation and on upper trunk segments. A clear effect of epicormic ontogeny was demonstrated as well: the more epicormics a trunk segment bears, the more chances it had to bear sprouts. CONCLUSIONS These results indirectly infer water-carbohydrate control and show direct evidence of constraints by epicormic ontogeny. These results have far-reaching consequences related to the quantification of all functions fulfilled by any type of epicormic structure in any part of the tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. B. Morisset
- LERFoB (Forest and Wood Resources), UMR 1092 INRA/AgroParisTech Centre INRA de Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - F. Mothe
- LERFoB (Forest and Wood Resources), UMR 1092 INRA/AgroParisTech Centre INRA de Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - J. Bock
- R&D, ONF, DT Lorraine Direction Forêt, bat 802 les merises, 54840 Velaine en Haye, France
| | - N. Bréda
- EEF (Forest Ecology and Ecophysiology), UMR 1137 INRA/UHP, Centre INRA de Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - F. Colin
- LERFoB (Forest and Wood Resources), UMR 1092 INRA/AgroParisTech Centre INRA de Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France
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Morin S, Erbland J, Savarino J, Domine F, Bock J, Friess U, Jacobi HW, Sihler H, Martins JMF. An isotopic view on the connection between photolytic emissions of NOxfrom the Arctic snowpack and its oxidation by reactive halogens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mueller U, Avisar N, Bock J, Shen D, Emmert K. 1216 POSTER Albumin-fusion R-metHuG-CSF (Balugrastim) – a Novel Long-acting Once-per-cycle Fixed Dose Filgrastim: Pharmocokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Breast Cancer Patients. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)70828-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Schubert T, Santini F, Stalder AF, Bock J, Meckel S, Bonati L, Markl M, Wetzel S. Dampening of blood-flow pulsatility along the carotid siphon: does form follow function? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 32:1107-12. [PMID: 21474624 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The tortuous distal part of the ICA may have an attenuating effect on pulsatile arterial flow. We investigated local arterial blood flow patterns in the ICA proximal and distal to the carotid siphon to detect quantitative waveform changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Arterial flow patterns were analyzed by using flow-sensitized 4D PC MR imaging (time-resolved 3D PCMR) at 3T in 17 healthy volunteers. Time-resolved blood flow velocities were extracted from the source data at the C4 and C7 segments of the ICA. PI, RI, and PA were calculated by using time-resolved flow volume. A linear mixed-effects model was applied to compare values at C4 and C7. Furthermore, 3D blood flow visualization was performed for all 34 ICAs. RESULTS PI, RI, and PA were significantly lower at the distal C7 segment compared with the proximal C4 segment of the ICA (P < .0001). Helical flow patterns were observed in 5 ICAs of 4 subjects. CONCLUSIONS Arterial flow patterns showed a significant reduction in PI, RI, and PA when compared distal to proximal to the carotid siphon. The observed attenuation of flow pulsatility is most likely related to the contorted shape of the distal ICA and may bear a protective effect for downstream cerebral vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schubert
- Departments of Radiology, University Hospital Basle, Switzerland.
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Lorenz R, Benk C, Bock J, Stalder A, Korvink J, Hennig J, Markl M. Closed circuit MR compatible pulsatile pump system using a ventricular assist device and pressure control unit. Magn Reson Med 2011; 67:258-68. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mochmann LH, Bock J, Ortiz-Tánchez J, Schlee C, Bohne A, Neumann K, Hofmann WK, Thiel E, Baldus CD. Genome-wide screen reveals WNT11, a non-canonical WNT gene, as a direct target of ETS transcription factor ERG. Oncogene 2011; 30:2044-56. [PMID: 21242973 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
E26 transforming sequence-related gene (ERG) is a transcription factor involved in normal hematopoiesis and is dysregulated in leukemia. ERG mRNA overexpression was associated with poor prognosis in a subset of patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Herein, a genome-wide screen of ERG target genes was conducted by chromatin immunoprecipitation-on-chip (ChIP-chip) in Jurkat cells. In this screen, 342 significant annotated genes were derived from this global approach. Notably, ERG-enriched targets included WNT signaling genes: WNT11, WNT2, WNT9A, CCND1 and FZD7. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) of normal and primary leukemia bone marrow material also confirmed WNT11 as a target of ERG in six of seven patient samples. A larger sampling of patient diagnostic material revealed that ERG and WNT11 mRNA were co-expressed in 80% of AML (n=30) and 40% in T-ALL (n=30) bone marrow samples. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of ERG confirmed downregulation of WNT11 transcripts. Conversely, in a tet-on ERG-inducible assay, WNT11 transcripts were co-stimulated. A WNT pathway agonist, 6-bromoindirubin-3-oxime (BIO), was used to determine the effect of cell growth on the ERG-inducible cells. The addition of BIO resulted in an ERG-dependent proliferative growth advantage over ERG-uninduced cells. Finally, ERG induction prompted morphological transformation whereby round unpolarized K562 cells developed elongated protrusions and became polarized. This morphological transformation could effectively be inhibited with BIO and with siRNA knockdown of WNT11. In conclusion, ERG transcriptional networks in leukemia converge on WNT signaling targets. Specifically, WNT11 emerged as a direct target of ERG. Potent ERG induction promoted morphological transformation through WNT11 signals. The findings in this study unravel new ERG-directed molecular signals that may contribute to the resistance of current therapies in acute leukemia patients with poor prognosis characterized by high ERG mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Mochmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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Negrello M, Hopwood R, De Zotti G, Cooray A, Verma A, Bock J, Frayer DT, Gurwell MA, Omont A, Neri R, Dannerbauer H, Leeuw LL, Barton E, Cooke J, Kim S, da Cunha E, Rodighiero G, Cox P, Bonfield DG, Jarvis MJ, Serjeant S, Ivison RJ, Dye S, Aretxaga I, Hughes DH, Ibar E, Bertoldi F, Valtchanov I, Eales S, Dunne L, Driver SP, Auld R, Buttiglione S, Cava A, Grady CA, Clements DL, Dariush A, Fritz J, Hill D, Hornbeck JB, Kelvin L, Lagache G, Lopez-Caniego M, Gonzalez-Nuevo J, Maddox S, Pascale E, Pohlen M, Rigby EE, Robotham A, Simpson C, Smith DJB, Temi P, Thompson MA, Woodgate BE, York DG, Aguirre JE, Beelen A, Blain A, Baker AJ, Birkinshaw M, Blundell R, Bradford CM, Burgarella D, Danese L, Dunlop JS, Fleuren S, Glenn J, Harris AI, Kamenetzky J, Lupu RE, Maddalena RJ, Madore BF, Maloney PR, Matsuhara H, Michaowski MJ, Murphy EJ, Naylor BJ, Nguyen H, Popescu C, Rawlings S, Rigopoulou D, Scott D, Scott KS, Seibert M, Smail I, Tuffs RJ, Vieira JD, van der Werf PP, Zmuidzinas J. The Detection of a Population of Submillimeter-Bright, Strongly Lensed Galaxies. Science 2010; 330:800-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1193420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Negrello
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - R. Hopwood
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - G. De Zotti
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - A. Cooray
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - A. Verma
- Oxford Astrophysics, Denys Wilkinson Building, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - J. Bock
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA 91009, USA
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - D. T. Frayer
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Post Office Box 2, Green Bank, WV 24944, USA
| | - M. A. Gurwell
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - A. Omont
- Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, Universitte Pierre et Marie Curie and CNRS, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
| | - R. Neri
- Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), 300 rue de la piscine, 38406 Saint-Martin d'Hères, France
| | - H. Dannerbauer
- Laboratoire Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation Paris Sarclay, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique (CEA)/Direction des Sciences de la Matière–CNRS–Université Paris Diderot, Institut de Recherche sur les lois fondamentales d l’Universe/Service d’Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, Orme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - L. L. Leeuw
- Physics Department, University of Johannesburg, Post Office Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
- SETI Institute, 515 North Whisman Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - E. Barton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - J. Cooke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - S. Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - E. da Cunha
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - G. Rodighiero
- Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universitá di Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 2, I-35122 Padova, Italy
| | - P. Cox
- Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), 300 rue de la piscine, 38406 Saint-Martin d'Hères, France
| | - D. G. Bonfield
- Centre for Astrophysics Research, Science and Technology Research Institute, University of Hertfordshire, Herts AL10 9AB, UK
| | - M. J. Jarvis
- Centre for Astrophysics Research, Science and Technology Research Institute, University of Hertfordshire, Herts AL10 9AB, UK
| | - S. Serjeant
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - R. J. Ivison
- UK Astronomy Technology Center, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
| | - S. Dye
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - I. Aretxaga
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Apartado Postal 51 y 216, 72000 Puebla, Mexico
| | - D. H. Hughes
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Apartado Postal 51 y 216, 72000 Puebla, Mexico
| | - E. Ibar
- UK Astronomy Technology Center, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
| | - F. Bertoldi
- Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - I. Valtchanov
- Herschel Science Centre, European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency (ESA), Post Office Box 78, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Eales
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - L. Dunne
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - S. P. Driver
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - R. Auld
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - S. Buttiglione
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
| | - A. Cava
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/Vía Láctea s/n, E-38200 La Laguna, Spain
- Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - C. A. Grady
- Eureka Scientific, 2452 Delmer Street, Suite 100, Oakland, CA 94602, USA
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 667, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - D. L. Clements
- Astrophysics Group, Physics Department, Blackett Lab, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - A. Dariush
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - J. Fritz
- Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent, Krijgslaan 281 S9, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - D. Hill
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - J. B. Hornbeck
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - L. Kelvin
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - G. Lagache
- Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), Bâtiment 121, F-91405 Orsa, France
- Université Paris–Sud 11 and CNRS (UMR 8617), 91400 Orsay, France
| | - M. Lopez-Caniego
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas–Universidad de Cantabria, Avenue de Los Castros s/n, Santander 39005, Spain
| | - J. Gonzalez-Nuevo
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - S. Maddox
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - E. Pascale
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - M. Pohlen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - E. E. Rigby
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - A. Robotham
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - C. Simpson
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University Twelve Quays House, Egerton Wharf, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, UK
| | - D. J. B. Smith
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - P. Temi
- Astrophysics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - M. A. Thompson
- Centre for Astrophysics Research, Science and Technology Research Institute, University of Hertfordshire, Herts AL10 9AB, UK
| | - B. E. Woodgate
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 667, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - D. G. York
- Department of Astrophysics and The Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - J. E. Aguirre
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA 19104, USA
| | - A. Beelen
- Université Paris–Sud 11 and CNRS (UMR 8617), 91400 Orsay, France
| | - A. Blain
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - A. J. Baker
- Rutgers University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854–8019, USA
| | - M. Birkinshaw
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
| | - R. Blundell
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - C. M. Bradford
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA 91009, USA
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - D. Burgarella
- Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, UMR6110 CNRS, and Aix-Marseille Université, 38 rue F. Joliot-Curie, F-13388 Marseille, France
| | - L. Danese
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - J. S. Dunlop
- UK Astronomy Technology Center, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
| | - S. Fleuren
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - J. Glenn
- University of Colorado, Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, 389-UCB, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - A. I. Harris
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - J. Kamenetzky
- University of Colorado, Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, 389-UCB, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - R. E. Lupu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA 19104, USA
| | - R. J. Maddalena
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Post Office Box 2, Green Bank, WV 24944, USA
| | - B. F. Madore
- Observatories of the Carnegie Institution, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
| | - P. R. Maloney
- University of Colorado, Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, 389-UCB, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - H. Matsuhara
- Institute for Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M. J. Michaowski
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
| | - E. J. Murphy
- Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - B. J. Naylor
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA 91009, USA
| | - H. Nguyen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA 91009, USA
| | - C. Popescu
- Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - S. Rawlings
- Oxford Astrophysics, Denys Wilkinson Building, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - D. Rigopoulou
- Oxford Astrophysics, Denys Wilkinson Building, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- Space Science and Technology Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK
| | - D. Scott
- University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - K. S. Scott
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M. Seibert
- Observatories of the Carnegie Institution, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
| | - I. Smail
- Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - R. J. Tuffs
- Max-Planck-Institut f¨r Kernphysik (MPIK), Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. D. Vieira
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - P. P. van der Werf
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
- Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Post Office Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J. Zmuidzinas
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA 91009, USA
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Bovier PA, Bock J, Ebengo TF, Frösner G, Glaus J, Herzog C, Loutan L. Predicted 30-year protection after vaccination with an aluminum-free virosomal hepatitis A vaccine. J Med Virol 2010; 82:1629-34. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hennemuth A, Bock J, Friman O, Schumann C, Harloff A, Markl M, Peitgen HO. Visualisierungs und Explorationsmethoden zur Analyse von 4D PC MR Flussmessungen. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1252935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Dubrovinsky L, Glazyrin K, McCammon C, Narygina O, Greenberg E, Ubelhack S, Chumakov AI, Pascarelli S, Prakapenka V, Bock J, Dubrovinskaia N. Portable laser-heating system for diamond anvil cells. J Synchrotron Radiat 2009; 16:737-741. [PMID: 19844007 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049509039065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The diamond anvil cell (DAC) technique coupled with laser heating has become the most successful method for studying materials in the multimegabar pressure range at high temperatures. However, so far all DAC laser-heating systems have been stationary: they are linked either to certain equipment or to a beamline. Here, a portable laser-heating system for DACs has been developed which can be moved between various analytical facilities, including transfer from in-house to a synchrotron or between synchrotron beamlines. Application of the system is demonstrated in an example of nuclear inelastic scattering measurements of ferropericlase (Mg(0.88)Fe(0.12))O and h.c.p.-Fe(0.9)Ni(0.1) alloy, and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy of (Mg(0.85)Fe(0.15))SiO(3) majorite at high pressures and temperatures. Our results indicate that sound velocities of h.c.p.-Fe(0.9)Ni(0.1) at pressures up to 50 GPa and high temperatures do not follow a linear relation with density.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dubrovinsky
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
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Taaning E, Petersen S, Reinholdt J, Bock J, Svejgaard A. Neonatal Immune Thrombocytopenia Due to Allo-or Autoantibodies: Clinical and Immunological Analysis of 83 Cases. Platelets 2009; 5:53-8. [DOI: 10.3109/09537109409006041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Wu EYS, Ade P, Bock J, Bowden M, Brown ML, Cahill G, Castro PG, Church S, Culverhouse T, Friedman RB, Ganga K, Gear WK, Gupta S, Hinderks J, Kovac J, Lange AE, Leitch E, Melhuish SJ, Memari Y, Murphy JA, Orlando A, Piccirillo L, Pryke C, Rajguru N, Rusholme B, Schwarz R, O'Sullivan C, Taylor AN, Thompson KL, Turner AH, Zemcov M. Parity violation constraints using cosmic microwave background polarization spectra from 2006 and 2007 observations by the QUaD polarimeter. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:161302. [PMID: 19518694 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.161302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Revised: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We constrain parity-violating interactions to the surface of last scattering using spectra from the QUaD experiment's second and third seasons of observations by searching for a possible systematic rotation of the polarization directions of cosmic microwave background photons. We measure the rotation angle due to such a possible "cosmological birefringence" to be 0.55 degrees +/-0.82 degrees (random) +/-0.5 degrees (systematic) using QUaD's 100 and 150 GHz temperature-curl and gradient-curl spectra over the spectra over the multipole range 200<l<2000, consistent with null, and constrain Lorentz-violating interactions to <2 x 10;{-43} GeV (68% confidence limit). This is the best constraint to date on electrodynamic parity violation on cosmological scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y S Wu
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology and Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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Stankovic Z, Markl M, Panther E, Stalder A, Bock J, Russe M, Langer M, Frydrychowicz A. Visualisierung und Quantifizierung von 3 D Flusscharakteristika im portalvenösen System mittels einer flussensitiven 4 D MRT Messung. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1221441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Harloff A, Albrecht F, Spreer J, Stalder AF, Bock J, Frydrychowicz A, Schöllhorn J, Hetzel A, Schumacher M, Hennig J, Markl M. 3D blood flow characteristics in the carotid artery bifurcation assessed by flow-sensitive 4D MRI at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2009; 61:65-74. [PMID: 19097219 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To determine three-dimensional (3D) blood flow patterns in the carotid bifurcation, 10 healthy volunteers and nine patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis > or =50% were examined by flow-sensitive 4D MRI at 3T. Absolute and mean blood velocities, pulsatility index (PI), and resistance index (RI) were measured in the common carotid arteries (CCAs) by duplex sonography (DS) and compared with flow-sensitive 4D MRI. Furthermore, 3D MRI blood flow patterns in the carotid bifurcation of volunteers and patients before and after recanalization were graded by two independent readers. Blood flow velocities measured by MRI were 31-39% lower than in DS. However, PI and RI differed by only 13-16%. Rating of 3D flow characteristics in the ICA revealed consistent patterns for filling and helical flow in volunteers. In patients with ICA stenosis, 3D blood flow visualization was successfully employed to detect markedly altered filling and helical flow patterns (forward-moving spiral flow) in the ICA bulb and to evaluate the effect of revascularization, which restored filling and helical flow. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of flow-sensitive 4D MRI for the quantification and 3D visualization of physiological and pathological flow patterns in the carotid artery bifurcation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Harloff
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Stalder AF, Russe MF, Frydrychowicz A, Bock J, Hennig J, Markl M. Quantitative 2D and 3D phase contrast MRI: optimized analysis of blood flow and vessel wall parameters. Magn Reson Med 2009; 60:1218-31. [PMID: 18956416 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of CINE phase contrast (PC)-MRI data is a challenging task because of the limited spatiotemporal resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The method presented in this work combines B-spline interpolation and Green's theorem to provide optimized quantification of blood flow and vessel wall parameters. The B-spline model provided optimal derivatives of the measured three-directional blood velocities onto the vessel contour, as required for vectorial wall shear stress (WSS) computation. Eight planes distributed along the entire thoracic aorta were evaluated in a 19-volunteer study using both high-spatiotemporal-resolution planar two-dimensional (2D)-CINE-PC ( approximately 1.4 x 1.4 mm(2)/24.4 ms) and lower-resolution 3D-CINE-PC ( approximately 2.8 x 1.6 x 3 mm(3)/48.6 ms) with three-directional velocity encoding. Synthetic data, error propagation, and interindividual, intermodality, and interobserver variability were used to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of the method. While the impact of MR measurement noise was only minor, the limited resolution of PC-MRI introduced systematic WSS underestimations. In vivo data demonstrated close agreement for flow and WSS between 2D- and 3D-CINE-PC as well as observers, and confirmed the reliability of the method. WSS analysis along the aorta revealed the presence of a circumferential WSS component accounting for 10-20%. Initial results in a patient with atherosclerosis suggest the potential of the method for understanding the formation and progression of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Stalder
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Physics, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Canstein C, Cachot P, Faust A, Stalder AF, Bock J, Frydrychowicz A, Küffer J, Hennig J, Markl M. 3D MR flow analysis in realistic rapid-prototyping model systems of the thoracic aorta: comparison with in vivo data and computational fluid dynamics in identical vessel geometries. Magn Reson Med 2008; 59:535-46. [PMID: 18306406 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge of local vascular anatomy and function in the human body is of high interest for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease. A comprehensive analysis of the hemodynamics in the thoracic aorta is presented based on the integration of flow-sensitive 4D MRI with state-of-the-art rapid prototyping technology and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Rapid prototyping was used to transform aortic geometries as measured by contrast-enhanced MR angiography into realistic vascular models with large anatomical coverage. Integration into a flow circuit with patient-specific pulsatile in-flow conditions and application of flow-sensitive 4D MRI permitted detailed analysis of local and global 3D flow dynamics in a realistic vascular geometry. Visualization of characteristic 3D flow patterns and quantitative comparisons of the in vitro experiments with in vivo data and CFD simulations in identical vascular geometries were performed to evaluate the accuracy of vascular model systems. The results indicate the potential of such patient-specific model systems for detailed experimental simulation of realistic vascular hemodynamics. Further studies are warranted to examine the influence of refined boundary conditions of the human circulatory system such as fluid-wall interaction and their effect on normal and pathological blood flow characteristics associated with vascular geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Canstein
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Physics, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Frydrychowicz A, Markl M, Berger A, Russe MF, Stalder AF, Bock J, Hennig J, Langer M. Analyse der Durchmesser-Abhängigkeit aortalen Hämodynamik mittels fluss-sensitiver 4D-MRT bei 3 Tesla. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1073809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ferdman N, Murmu RP, Bock J, Braun K, Leshem M. Weaning age, social isolation, and gender, interact to determine adult explorative and social behavior, and dendritic and spine morphology in prefrontal cortex of rats. Behav Brain Res 2007; 180:174-82. [PMID: 17477981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2007.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2006] [Revised: 02/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We tested the effect of weaning at 21 or 30 days, followed by individual or group housing, on explorative and social behavior in adult male and female rats, and in males, on dendritic length and spine density in prefrontal cortex. In the open field, rats weaned early were the most active, while those weaned late and group housed were the most explorative. In the social interaction test, behavior in adult females was relatively impervious to weaning age or rearing condition. Isolated males sought out social interaction, whereas, group-reared males tended to avoid it. Social behaviors in males weaned early or group-reared correlated with decreased dendrite length and spine density, whereas, non-social behaviors correlated with increased dendritic length. Such changes are consistent with neural pruning in the development of social behavior. Although our experimental manipulations were mild, and serve as standard rearing conditions in many laboratories, their effects on brain and behavior were marked, and differed by gender. Early rearing conditions may have few appreciable effects when studied in isolation, but their interactive effects on adult social behavior are significant and varied.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ferdman
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel
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Frydrychowicz A, Markl M, Harloff A, Stalder AF, Bock J, Bley TA, Berger A, Russe MF, Schlensak C, Hennig J, Langer M. Die Analyse aortaler Hämodynamik und Gefäßwandparameter mittels fluss-sensitiver in-vivo 4D-MRT bei 3 Tesla. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2007; 179:463-72. [PMID: 17436180 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-962941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Modern phase contrast MR imaging at 3 Tesla allows the depiction of 3D morphology as well as the acquisition of time-resolved blood flow velocities in 3 directions. In combination with state-of-the-art visualization and data processing software, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of hemodynamic changes associated with vascular pathologies is possible. The 4D nature of the acquired data permits free orientation within the vascular system of interest and offers the opportunity to quantify blood flow and derived vessel wall parameters at any desired location within the data volume without being dependent on predefined 2D slices. The technique has the potential of overcoming the limitations of current diagnostic strategies and of implementing new diagnostic parameters. In light of the recent discussions regarding the influence of the wall shear stress and the oscillatory shear index on the genesis of arteriosclerosis and dilatative vascular processes, flow-sensitive 4D MRI may provide the missing diagnostic link. Instead of relying on experience-based parameters such as aneurysm size, new hemodynamic considerations can deepen our understanding of vascular pathologies. This overview reviews the underlying methodology at 3T, the literature on time-resolved 3D MR velocity mapping, and presents case examples. By presenting the pre- and postoperative assessment of hemodynamics in a thoracic aortic aneurysm and the detailed analysis of blood flow in a patient with coarctation we underline the potential of time-resolved 3D phase contrast MR at 3T for hemodynamic assessment of vascular pathologies, especially in the thoracic aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Frydrychowicz
- Abteilung Röntgendiagnostik, Medizin Physik, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg.
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Obermeier F, Hausmann M, Kellermeier S, Kiessling S, Strauch UG, Duitman E, Bulfone-Paus S, Herfarth H, Bock J, Dunger N, Stoeck M, Schölmerich J, Falk W, Rogler G. IL-15 protects intestinal epithelial cells. Eur J Immunol 2006; 36:2691-9. [PMID: 16981178 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200535173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
IL-15, a T-cell growth factor, has been shown to be increased in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It has been suggested that neutralization of IL-15 could protect from T cell-dependent autoimmune inflammation. On the other hand, an anti-apoptotic effect of IL-15 has been demonstrated in kidney epithelial cells during nephritis. We therefore tested the role of IL-15 in two different experimental models of colitis in vivo, and in models of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) apoptosis in vitro. IL-15 blockade in chronic dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis resulted in aggravation of the disease with a significantly 2.1-fold increased epithelial damage score compared to controls. TUNEL staining clearly revealed increased apoptosis. IL-6, TNF and IFN-gamma secretion by mesenteric lymph node cells were increased. In the T cell-dependent SCID transfer model of colitis IL-15 neutralization reduced the inflammatory infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine production. Despite that, the intestinal epithelial damage was not reduced. In vitro, IL-15 pre-incubation prevented up to 75% of CH11 antibody-induced apoptosis in SW-480 cells and reduced caspase-3 activity. According to this, endogenously produced IL-15 in chronic colitis does not only act as a proinflammatory cytokine but has at the same time the potential to reduce mucosal damage by preventing IEC apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Obermeier
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Walter H, Bock J, Frohne C, Schippl K, May H, Canders WR, Kummeth P, Nick W, Neumueller HW. First Heavy Load Bearing for Industrial Application with Shaft Loads up to 10 kN. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/43/1/243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Rikel MO, Arsac S, Soileux E, Ehrenberg J, Bock J, Marken K, Miao H, Bruzek CE, Pavard S, Matsumoto A, Hellstrom EE, Motowidlo L. Effect of composition on the melting behaviour of Bi2212-Ag conductors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/43/1/013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Metzger M, Bartsch S, Bartsch U, Bock J, Schachner M, Braun K. Regional and cellular distribution of the extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C in the chick forebrain and its role in neonatal learning. Neuroscience 2006; 141:1709-19. [PMID: 16797128 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Revised: 05/08/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The juvenile brain's pronounced synaptic plasticity in response to early experience and learning events is related to the fact that the genetically pre-programmed molecular machinery mediating neuronal development and synapse formation, is activated throughout postnatal brain development and thereby can be recruited for learning and long-term memory formation. In situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry experiments revealed that tenascin-C, one candidate molecule which we suspect to be involved in neonatal learning, is expressed in the forebrain of domestic chicks around the sensitive period during which auditory filial imprinting takes place. The involvement of tenascin-C in this juvenile learning task was tested by injections of monoclonal antibodies directed to distinct domains of the tenascin-C molecule into the avian prefrontal cortex analog, the medio-rostral nidopallium/mesopallium (formerly termed medio-rostral neostriatum/hyperstriatum ventrale), a forebrain area which has been shown to be critically involved in auditory filial imprinting. Injections of monoclonal antibody Tn 68, which is directed against a cell-binding domain of the tenascin-C molecule, strongly reduced the imprinting rate, as opposed to injections of the monoclonal antibody Tn 578, which binds to a domain involved in neurite outgrowth. Double labeling immunohistochemistry revealed that tenascin-C is associated with neurons which express the Ca(2+)-binding protein parvalbumin, and displays a staining pattern highly reminiscent of perineuronal nets of the extracellular matrix. These results indicate that a distinct domain of tenascin-C is functionally involved in the juvenile learning process of filial imprinting and further suggest a critical role of a specific neuronal subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Metzger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 1524, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
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Gos T, Becker K, Bock J, Malecki U, Bogerts B, Poeggel G, Braun K. Early neonatal and postweaning social emotional deprivation interferes with the maturation of serotonergic and tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive afferent fiber systems in the rodent nucleus accumbens, hippocampus and amygdala. Neuroscience 2006; 140:811-21. [PMID: 16632206 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2005] [Revised: 12/23/2005] [Accepted: 02/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The impact of early emotional experience on the development of serotonergic and dopaminergic fiber innervation of the nucleus accumbens, hippocampal formation and the amygdala was quantitatively investigated in the precocious rodent Octodon degus. Two animal groups were compared: 1) degus which were repeatedly separated from their parents during the first three postnatal weeks, after weaning they were individually reared in chronic social isolation and 2) controls which were reared undisturbed with their families. In the deprived animals 5-hydroxytryptamine-immunoreactive fiber densities were increased in the core region of the nucleus accumbens (up to 126%), in the central nucleus of the amygdala (up to 112%) and in the outer subregion of the dentate gyrus stratum moleculare (up to 149%), whereas decreased fiber densities were detected in the dentate subgranular layer (down to 86%) and in the stratum lacunosum of the hippocampal cornu ammonis region 1 (down to 86%). Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive fiber densities were increased in the core (up to 115%) and shell region (up to 113%) of the nucleus accumbens of deprived animals, whereas decreased fiber densities (down to 84%) were observed in the hilus of the dentate gyrus. In the stratum granulosum and subgranular layer the fiber densities increased up to 168% and 127% respectively. In summary, these results indicate that the postnatal establishment of the monoaminergic innervation of limbic areas is modulated in response to early emotional experience, and that this environmental morphological adaptation is highly region specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gos
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Debowa 23, 80-204, Gdansk, Poland
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Hartmann S, Brørs O, Bock J, Blomhoff R, Bausch J, Wiegand UW, Hartmann D, Hornig DH. Exposure to retinoic acids in non-pregnant women following high vitamin A intake with a liver meal. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2005; 75:187-94. [PMID: 16028634 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831.75.3.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Animal liver is a rich source of vitamin A. Due to retinoic acid (RA) metabolites, vitamin A has a teratogenic potential and women are generally advised to avoid or to limit the consumption of liver during pregnancy. In a recent study in non-pregnant female volunteers following single and repeated doses of up to 30,000 IU/day of vitamin A as a supplement, the plasma concentration time curve of all-trans RA acid showed a diurnal-like profile. But, the overall exposure (AUC24h) remained essentially unaltered whereas AUC24h increased linearly with dose for 13-cis and 13-cis-4-oxo RA. The current study in non-pregnant female volunteers showed that a single high vitamin A intake with a liver meal (up to 120,000 IU) exhibited a similar diurnal-like plasma concentration time curve for all-trans RA and its overall exposure remained also unaltered, despite a temporary two-fold increase in peak plasma concentration. Concentrations of 13-cis and 13-cis-4-oxo RA increased several-fold after a liver meal, and exposure (AUC24h) increased three- to five-fold. Pooling our results with data in the literature revealed a linear relation between the mean AUC24h of 13-cis and 13-cis-4-oxo RA and vitamin A intake with liver. Metabolism to all-trans RA of vitamin A with liver seems not to be of safety concern. However, the observed increase of plasma concentrations and the dose-dependent increase in exposure to 13-cis and 13-cis-4-oxo RA support the current safety recommendations on vitamin A intake and suggest that women should be cautious regarding their consumption of liver-containing meals during pregnancy.
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Paul G, Bataille F, Obermeier F, Bock J, Klebl F, Strauch U, Lochbaum D, Rümmele P, Farkas S, Schölmerich J, Fleck M, Rogler G, Herfarth H. Analysis of intestinal haem-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in clinical and experimental colitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 140:547-55. [PMID: 15932518 PMCID: PMC1809385 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02775.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2005] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Haem-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects. We investigated HO-1 expression in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and could demonstrate a scattered expression of HO-1 in the intestinal epithelium of severely inflamed colonic mucosa of patients with IBD compared to control specimens such as diverticulitis, suggesting dysregulated expression in IBD. To further analyse potential mechanisms of HO-1 induction in the intestine we employed an in vitro epithelial cell apoptosis model and an experimental colitis model. In vitro induction of HO-1 by the HO-1 inducer cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) resulted in a dose-dependent down-regulation of caspase-3 activation in HT-29 cells, indicating an anti-apoptotic function of HO-1 in the intestine. In vivo, preventive HO-1 induction by CoPP in acute dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis led to a significant down-regulation of colonic inflammation (P < 0.01) with a concomitant reduction in interferon (IFN)-gamma - but unaffected interleukin (IL)-10-secretion by isolated mesenteric lymph nodes (P < 0.01). Additionally, TUNEL staining of colonic sections demonstrated fewer apoptotic epithelial cells in the colon of CoPP treated animals. No beneficial effects were observed if HO-1 was induced by CoPP after the onset of acute colitis or in chronic DSS-induced colitis. In conclusion, the data suggest a protective role of HO-1 if it is induced before the onset of inflammation. However, as shown by the lack of effects in established acute or in chronic colitis, the induction of HO-1 may not be a promising approach for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Paul
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, Germany
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Hartmann S, Brørs O, Bock J, Blomhoff R, Bausch J, Wiegand UW, Hartmann D, Hornig DH. Exposure to retinyl esters, retinol, and retinoic acids in non-pregnant women following increasing single and repeated oral doses of vitamin A. Ann Nutr Metab 2005; 49:155-64. [PMID: 16006784 DOI: 10.1159/000086879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2004] [Accepted: 12/20/2004] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High intakes of vitamin A cause congenital malformations in experimental animals with elevated generation of retinoic acids (RA). Results in humans are conflicting. OBJECTIVE To evaluate plasma concentration-time curves of retinyl esters, retinol and their metabolites at increasing doses of vitamin A. METHODS An open-label dose-response study. Non-pregnant females (3 groups with n = 12; 18-40 years) received once daily oral doses of vitamin A palmitate up to 30,000 IU/day over 21 days. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC(24h)) served as indicator for exposure. RESULTS AUC(24h) of retinyl esters increased linearly with dose. Retinol concentrations were unaffected. All-trans RA exhibited a diurnal-like concentration-time profile (Cmax at 3 h; Cmin at 8 h), concentrations decreasing below pre-dose levels at 5 h and regaining pre-dose levels at 16 h. The maximum temporary increase in exposure was 33% (single dose) and 19% (repeated doses) above baseline, but AUC(24h) remained unaltered. AUC(24h) increased linearly with dose for 13-cis RA and 13-cis-4-oxo RA. Repeated doses caused a 25% increase in exposure with the highest vitamin A intake. Accumulation of 13-cis-4-oxo RA at 30,000 IU/day doubled compared to the 4,000 IU/day intake. CONCLUSION Repeated oral doses of up to 30,000 IU of vitamin A in addition to dietary vitamin A were without safety concern. Safe doses are probably higher, since plasma concentrations and exposure to RA remained at levels earlier shown to be without increased risk of teratogenicity in pregnant women.
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Thode C, Bock J, Braun K, Darlison MG. The chicken immediate-early gene ZENK is expressed in the medio-rostral neostriatum/hyperstriatum ventrale, a brain region involved in acoustic imprinting, and is up-regulated after exposure to an auditory stimulus. Neuroscience 2005; 130:611-7. [PMID: 15590145 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The immediate-early gene zenk (an acronym for the avian orthologue of the mammalian genes zif-268, egr-1, ngfi-a and krox-24) has been extensively employed, in studies on oscine birds, as a marker of neuronal activity to reveal forebrain structures that are involved in the memory processes associated with the acquisition, perception and production of song. Audition-induced expression of this gene, in brain, has also recently been reported for the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) and the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Whilst the anatomical distribution of zenk expression was described for the quail, corresponding data for the chicken were not reported. We have, therefore, used in situ hybridisation to localise the mRNA that encodes the product of the zenk gene (which we call ZENK) within the brain of the 1-day-old chick. We demonstrate that this transcript is present in a number of forebrain structures including the medio-rostral neostriatum/hyperstriatum ventrale (MNH), a region that has been strongly implicated in auditory imprinting (which is a form of recognition memory), and Field L, the avian analog of the mammalian auditory cortex. Because of this pattern of gene expression, we have compared the level of the ZENK mRNA in chicks that have been subjected to a 30-min acoustic imprinting paradigm and in untrained controls. Our results reveal a significant increase (P< or =0.05) in the level of the ZENK mRNA in MNH and Field L, and in the two forebrain hemispheres; no increase was seen in the ectostriatum, which is a visual projection area. The data obtained implicate the immediate-early gene, zenk, in auditory imprinting, which is an established model of juvenile learning. In addition, our results indicate that the ZENK mRNA may be used as a molecular marker for MNH, a region that is difficult to anatomically and histochemically delineate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Thode
- Neuroscience and Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
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Bock J, Thode C, Hannemann O, Braun K, Darlison MG. Early socio-emotional experience induces expression of the immediate-early gene Arc/arg3.1 (activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein/activity-regulated gene) in learning-relevant brain regions of the newborn chick. Neuroscience 2005; 133:625-33. [PMID: 15908132 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2004] [Revised: 02/11/2005] [Accepted: 02/23/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have cloned a full-length complementary DNA from the chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), which encodes a polypeptide that exhibits approximately 75% identity to the product of the mammalian gene Arc (activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein), also known as arg3.1 (activity-regulated gene). Since this gene is an immediate-early gene that has been suggested to play a role in synaptic plasticity and learning and memory processes, its expression has been analyzed in a juvenile form of learning, namely, filial imprinting. Our results demonstrate that Arc/arg3.1 mRNA is detectable in the newborn chick brain, and that at this early age the level of this transcript can be altered by brief sensory/emotional experience. After postnatal exposure to a novel 30-min auditory imprinting stimulus, Arc/arg3.1 mRNA was found to be significantly increased in two higher associative areas, the mesopallium intermediomediale (P = 0.002) and the nidopallium dorso-caudale (P = 0.031), compared with naïve controls. The transcript level was also significantly elevated after imprinting in Area L pallii (P=0.045), which is analogous to the mammalian auditory cortex. In addition, increases were seen in the medio-rostral nidopallium/mesopallium (P = 0.054), which is presumed to be the analog of the mammalian prefrontal cortex, and the hyperpallium intercalatum (P = 0.054), but these did not quite reach significance. We discuss these data in the light of those obtained in an earlier study, in the same paradigm, for the avian immediate-early gene, zenk (an acronym for zif-268, egr-1, ngfi-a and krox-24, which are different names for the orthologous mammalian gene). We conclude that, although both the Arc/arg3.1 and zenk genes are induced by auditory imprinting, they are significantly up-regulated in different learning-relevant brain regions. It is, therefore, evident that they must be activated by different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bock
- Institut für Biologie, Otto-von-Guericke Universität, Brenneckestrasse 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
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Trask D, Bock J, Goswami P, Menon S. Celecoxib and sulindac sulfide enhance the cytotoxic effect of standard chemotherapeutic agents and possess anti-tumor activity mediated by p21 cipl/waf1 expression. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.3186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. Trask
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - J. Bock
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - S. Menon
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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Schneider D, Gerhardt E, Bock J, Müller MM, Wolburg H, Lang F, Schulz JB. Intracellular acidification by inhibition of the Na+/H+-exchanger leads to caspase-independent death of cerebellar granule neurons resembling paraptosis. Cell Death Differ 2004; 11:760-70. [PMID: 15017383 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium withdrawal is commonly used to induce caspase-mediated apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons in vitro. However, the underlying and cell death-initiating mechanisms are unknown. We firstly investigated potassium efflux through the outward delayed rectifier K+ current (Ik) as a potential mediator. However, tetraethylammoniumchloride, an inhibitor of Ik, was ineffective to block apoptosis after potassium withdrawal. Since potassium withdrawal reduced intracellular pH (pHi) from 7.4 to 7.2, we secondly investigated the effects of intracellular acidosis. To study intracellular acidosis in cerebellar granule neurons, we inhibited the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) with 4-isopropyl-3-methylsulfonylbenzoyl-guanidine methanesulfonate (HOE 642) and 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride. Both inhibitors concentration-dependently induced cell death and potentiated cell death after potassium withdrawal. Although inhibition of the NHE induced cell death with morphological criteria of apoptosis in light and electron microscopy including chromatin condensation, positive TUNEL staining and cell shrinkage, no internucleosomal DNA cleavage or activation of caspases was detected. In contrast to potassium withdrawal-induced apoptosis, cell death induced by intracellular acidification was not prevented by insulin-like growth factor-1, cyclo-adenosine-monophosphate, caspase inhibitors and transfection with an adenovirus expressing Bcl-XL. However, cycloheximide protected cerebellar granule neurons from death induced by potassium withdrawal as well as from death after treatment with HOE 642. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms leading to cell death after acidification appear to be different from the mechanisms after potassium withdrawal and resemble the biochemical but not the morphological characteristics of paraptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Schneider
- Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Department of General Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Gruss M, Bock J, Braun K. Haloperidol impairs auditory filial imprinting and modulates monoaminergic neurotransmission in an imprinting-relevant forebrain area of the domestic chick. J Neurochem 2003; 87:686-96. [PMID: 14535951 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02025.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In vivo microdialysis and behavioural studies in the domestic chick have shown that glutamatergic as well as monoaminergic neurotransmission in the medio-rostral neostriatum/hyperstriatum ventrale (MNH) is altered after auditory filial imprinting. In the present study, using pharmaco-behavioural and in vivo microdialysis approaches, the role of dopaminergic neurotransmission in this juvenile learning event was further evaluated. The results revealed that: (i) the systemic application of the potent dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol (7.5 mg/kg) strongly impairs auditory filial imprinting; (ii) systemic haloperidol induces a tetrodotoxin-sensitive increase of extracellular levels of the dopamine metabolite, homovanillic acid, in the MNH, whereas the levels of glutamate, taurine and the serotonin metabolite, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, remain unchanged; (iii) haloperidol (0.01, 0.1, 1 mm) infused locally into the MNH increases glutamate, taurine and 5- hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid levels in a dose-dependent manner, whereas homovanillic acid levels remain unchanged; (iv) systemic haloperidol infusion reinforces the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-mediated inhibitory modulation of the dopaminergic neurotransmission within the MNH. These results indicate that the modulation of dopaminergic function and its interaction with other neurotransmitter systems in a higher associative forebrain region of the juvenile avian brain displays similar neurochemical characteristics as the adult mammalian prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, we were able to show that the pharmacological manipulation of monoaminergic regulatory mechanisms interferes with learning and memory formation, events which in a similar fashion might occur in young or adult mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gruss
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Institute of Biology, Department of Zoology/Developmental Neurobiology, Germany.
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Abstract
Previous studies suggested a central role of sphingomyelin- and cholesterol-enriched membrane rafts in the initiation of signaling via many receptors. Here, we investigated the role of membrane rafts for the function of the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3. We demonstrate that Kv1.3 localizes in the cell membrane to pre-existing small, sphingolipid- and cholesterol-enriched membrane rafts. Transformation of these small rafts to large ceramide-enriched membrane platforms was achieved by stimulation of the endogenous acid sphingomyelinase, addition of exogenous sphingomyelinase or treatment of the cells with C(16)-ceramide and resulted in clustering of Kv1.3 within ceramide-enriched membrane platforms and inhibition of the channel's activity. Likewise, disruption of pre-existing small rafts inhibited Kv1.3 activity. This indicates that intact small membrane rafts are required for Kv1.3 activity and an alteration of the lipid environment of rafts inhibits Kv1.3. These data, thus, may suggest a novel concept for the regulation of ion channels by the cell membrane composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Bock
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen 45122, Germany
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Engelfriet CP, Reesink HW, Kroll H, Giers G, Bald R, Kanhai H, Kekomäki R, Teramo K, Panzer S, Jilma P, Ulm B, Bock J, Taaning E, Rodeck C, Goldman M, David M, Kaplan C. Prenatal management of alloimmune thrombocytopenia of the fetus. Vox Sang 2003; 84:142-9. [PMID: 12609023 DOI: 10.1046/j.1423-0410.2003.00269.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C P Engelfriet
- Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Abstract
Stimulation of CD40 has been previously shown to result in a release of ceramide in small sphingolipid-enriched rafts in the cell membrane [Grassmé et al., J. Immunol. 168 (2002) 298-307]. Those rafts fused to larger signaling platforms that served to cluster CD40. Here, we defined molecular mechanisms of CD40 clustering in membrane platforms. To this end, we replaced the transmembranous domain of CD40 with that of CD45, a molecule known to be excluded from lipid rafts. Murine T cells were stably transfected with wild-type CD40 or chimeric CD40/CD45. Flow cytometry confirmed normal binding properties of the mutant to CD40 ligand. Stimulation with CD40 ligand resulted in clustering of wild-type CD40, while the chimeric CD40/45 receptor failed to cluster. This correlated with a deficiency of the chimeric receptor to activate JNK, p38 MAP kinase and SAPK, known signaling molecules of the intracellular pathway initiated by CD40. Forced crosslinking of the CD40/45 chimeric receptor restored, at least partially, these signaling events. The results suggest that the transmembranous domain of CD40 is central for the recruitment to and clustering of CD40 in membrane platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Bock
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Abstract
Apoptosis is an evolutionary-conserved physiological mechanism to remove cells from an organism. Cellular apoptosis is mediated via an intracellular signalling programme that involves a variety of signalling molecules and cellular organelles including caspases, sphingomyelinases, Bcl-2-like proteins and proteins to cleave the DNA and mitochondria. Mitochondria contain several pro-apoptotic molecules that activate cytosolic proteins to execute apoptosis, block anti-apoptotic proteins in the cytosol and directly cleave nuclear DNA. Mitochondria trap these pro-apoptotic proteins and physically separate pro-apoptotic proteins from their cytoplasmic targets. Apoptosis is then initiated by the release of mitochondrial pro-apoptotic proteins into the cytosol. This process seems to be regulated by Bcl-2-like proteins and several ion channels, in particular the permeability transition pore (PTP) that is activated by almost all pro-apoptotic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Essen, Hufelandstrase 55, 45122 Essen, Germany.
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