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Rupert C, López JE, Cortez-Toledo E, De la Cruz Cabrera O, Chesler NC, Simpson PC, Campbell SG, Baker AJ. Increased length-dependent activation of human engineered heart tissue after chronic α 1A-adrenergic agonist treatment: testing a novel heart failure therapy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H293-H304. [PMID: 36637971 PMCID: PMC9886349 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00279.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stimulation of cardiac α1A-adrenergic receptors (α1A-ARs) improves symptoms in multiple preclinical models of heart failure. However, the translational significance remains unclear. Human engineered heart tissues (EHTs) provide a means of quantifying the effects of chronic α1A-AR stimulation on human cardiomyocyte physiology. EHTs were created from thin slices of decellularized pig myocardium seeded with human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. With a paired experimental design, EHTs were cultured for 3 wk, mechanically tested, cultured again for 2 wk with α1A-AR agonist A61603 (10 nM) or vehicle control, and retested after drug washout for 24 h. Separate control experiments determined the effects of EHT age (3-5 wk) or repeat mechanical testing. We found that chronic A61603 treatment caused a 25% increase of length-dependent activation (LDA) of contraction compared with vehicle treatment (n = 7/group, P = 0.035). EHT force was not increased after chronic A61603 treatment. However, after vehicle treatment, EHT force was increased by 35% relative to baseline testing (n = 7/group, P = 0.022), suggesting EHT maturation. Control experiments suggested that increased EHT force resulted from repeat mechanical testing, not from EHT aging. RNA-seq analysis confirmed that the α1A-AR is expressed in human EHTs and found chronic A61603 treatment affected gene expression in biological pathways known to be activated by α1A-ARs, including the MAP kinase signaling pathway. In conclusion, increased LDA in human EHT after chronic A61603 treatment raises the possibility that chronic stimulation of the α1A-AR might be beneficial for increasing LDA in human myocardium and might be beneficial for treating human heart failure by restoring LDA.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Chronic stimulation of α1A-adrenergic receptors (α1A-ARs) is known to mediate therapeutic effects in animal heart failure models. To investigate the effects of chronic α1A-AR stimulation in human cardiomyocytes, we tested engineered heart tissue (EHT) created with iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. RNA-seq analysis confirmed human EHT expressed α1A-ARs. Chronic (2 wk) α1A-AR stimulation with A61603 (10 nM) increased length-dependent activation (LDA) of contraction. Chronic α1A-AR stimulation might be beneficial for treating human heart failure by restoring LDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Rupert
- Propria LLC, Branford, Connecticut, United States
| | - J. E. López
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine,
University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - E. Cortez-Toledo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine,
University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | | | - N. C. Chesler
- Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation Research Center, Irvine, California, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, United States
| | - P. C. Simpson
- Cardiology Division, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - S. G. Campbell
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - A. J. Baker
- Cardiology Division, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
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Tilib Shamoun S, Le Friec G, Spinner N, Kemper C, Baker AJ. Immune dysregulation in Alagille syndrome: A new feature of the evolving phenotype. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2015; 39:566-9. [PMID: 26026399 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is a rare autosomal dominant, multi-system disease caused by mutations in one of two NOTCH signaling pathway genes. Mutations in JAG1 are found in more than 94% of patients, with associated Jagged1 defects. We previously showed that CD46, which is a complement and immune regulator, regulates NOTCH expression during T cell activation after binding to C3b/C4b. We have identified 25% of our ALGS cohort with frequent infections and studied a subgroup of 4 in detail who were not showing current features of infections in order to show if Jagged1 abnormalities could affect immune function. We used cytometric bead arrays and FACS to measure cytokines and cell membrane expression. Resting and activated T cells were studied in both low and high IL-2 concentration to assess the TH1 ability to shift from INFγ to IL-10 production. In vitro initial PBMC cell population and subpopulation assessment were normal but further assessment of the lymphocytes revealed that while NOTCH1 expression and regulation was normal on resting TH1, Jagged1 expression was exaggerated. Resting TH1 cells from some patients exhibited high CD132 levels. Upon activating T cells, TH1 cells managed to produce TNF but failed to produce sufficient IFNγ levels (in two patients TH1 produced no IFNγ). TH2 exhibited exaggerated response with high IL-4 and IL-5 levels. TH1 were unable to down-regulate CD127, resulting in prolonged immune activation, and failed to shift from IFNγ to IL-10 production maintaining high IL-2 levels suggesting an impaired T cell response. Disturbed CD46-Jagged1 interaction may explain recurrent infections among ALGS patients, and could predispose to Th2-driven conditions such as asthma, eczema, food allergies and airway atopy and otitis media. The ALGS description could now be extended to include immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tilib Shamoun
- King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom
| | - G Le Friec
- MRC Center for Transplantation, Guys' Hospital, King's College London, 5th Floor Tower Wing, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - N Spinner
- Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615, Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia 19104-4318, PA, United States
| | - C Kemper
- MRC Center for Transplantation, Guys' Hospital, King's College London, 5th Floor Tower Wing, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - A J Baker
- King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom.
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Garavaglia M, Mak T, Cusimano MD, Rigamonti A, Crescini C, McCredy V, Romaschin A, Baker AJ, Hare GMT. Body mass index as a risk factor for increased serum lactate during craniotomy. Minerva Anestesiol 2013; 79:1132-1139. [PMID: 23698547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increase in serum lactate can occur in patients undergoing craniotomy. We hypothesized that prolonged craniotomy for brain tumor resection leads to inadequate tissue perfusion as demonstrated by increased level of lactate. This study attempts to determine the mechanism and identify any modifiable risk factors. METHODS. Prospective, observational study of 18 patients undergoing craniotomy for brain tumor resection. The primary outcome was that peak serum lactate would correlate with length of surgery. Secondary outcomes included lactate at 3, 6 and 9 hours, creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobinuria overtime. These values were correlated with expected risk factors for lactatemia including length of surgery, Body Mass Index (BMI), hypotension, hemoglobin and mannitol therapy. RESULTS. Serum lactate consistently increased in the first 3 hours in all patients (2.21±1.22 mmol/L) with a peak increase at 9 hours (3.73±1.62 mmol/L) (P<0.05 for both). The peak serum lactate did not correlate with length of surgery (P=0.799). However, the change in lactate over 3 hours (Δ3hrLactate) did correlate with BMI (P=0.010). Serum CK was increased at 12 hours (P<0.05) and reached a peak level greater than 1000 U/L in 8 of 18 patients. Six of these patients experienced myoglobinuria. No other parameters correlated with increased lactate. CONCLUSION We observed a consistent and early increase in serum lactate in patients undergoing craniotomy, which correlated with BMI, but not length of surgery. Associated increases in CK and myoglobinuria support the hypothesis that elevated BMI contributed to muscle ischemia and tissue breakdown during craniotomy. Future studies are required to establish the overall clinical significance and mechanism of hyperlactatemia during neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Garavaglia
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada -
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Kierulff MCM, Ruiz-Miranda CR, Oliveira PP, Beck BB, Martins A, Dietz JM, Rambaldi DM, Baker AJ. The Golden lion tamarin Leontopithecus rosalia: a conservation success story. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1090.2012.00170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - C. R. Ruiz-Miranda
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais; Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense; Av. Alberto Lamego 2000; Campos dos Goytacazes; R.J.; 28103-602; Brazil
| | - P. Procópio Oliveira
- Instituto Pri-Matas para a Conservação da Biodiversidade; Rua Guanhães 565 Apto 301, Colégio Batista; Belo Horizonte; MG; 31.110-160; Brazil
| | - B. B. Beck
- Great Ape Trust of Iowa; 4200 S.E. 44th Avenue; Des Moines; Iowa; 50320; USA
| | - A. Martins
- Associação-Mico-Leão-Dourado; Caixa Postal 109.968; Casimiro de Abreu; RJ; 28960-970; Brazil
| | - J. M. Dietz
- Department of Biology; University of Maryland; College Park; Maryland; 20742; USA
| | - D. M. Rambaldi
- Instituto Estadual do Ambiente - RJ; Avenida Venezuela 110; Centro; RJ; 20081-312; Brazil
| | - A. J. Baker
- Philadelphia Zoo; 3400 West Girard Avenue; Philadelphia; Pennsylvania; 19104-1196; USA
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Cloutier A, Mills JA, Yarrall JW, Baker AJ. Plasmodiuminfections of red-billed gulls (Larus scopulinus) show associations with host condition but not reproductive performance. J R Soc N Z 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2011.559662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Negrello M, Hopwood R, De Zotti G, Cooray A, Verma A, Bock J, Frayer DT, Gurwell MA, Omont A, Neri R, Dannerbauer H, Leeuw LL, Barton E, Cooke J, Kim S, da Cunha E, Rodighiero G, Cox P, Bonfield DG, Jarvis MJ, Serjeant S, Ivison RJ, Dye S, Aretxaga I, Hughes DH, Ibar E, Bertoldi F, Valtchanov I, Eales S, Dunne L, Driver SP, Auld R, Buttiglione S, Cava A, Grady CA, Clements DL, Dariush A, Fritz J, Hill D, Hornbeck JB, Kelvin L, Lagache G, Lopez-Caniego M, Gonzalez-Nuevo J, Maddox S, Pascale E, Pohlen M, Rigby EE, Robotham A, Simpson C, Smith DJB, Temi P, Thompson MA, Woodgate BE, York DG, Aguirre JE, Beelen A, Blain A, Baker AJ, Birkinshaw M, Blundell R, Bradford CM, Burgarella D, Danese L, Dunlop JS, Fleuren S, Glenn J, Harris AI, Kamenetzky J, Lupu RE, Maddalena RJ, Madore BF, Maloney PR, Matsuhara H, Michaowski MJ, Murphy EJ, Naylor BJ, Nguyen H, Popescu C, Rawlings S, Rigopoulou D, Scott D, Scott KS, Seibert M, Smail I, Tuffs RJ, Vieira JD, van der Werf PP, Zmuidzinas J. The Detection of a Population of Submillimeter-Bright, Strongly Lensed Galaxies. Science 2010; 330:800-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1193420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Negrello
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - R. Hopwood
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - G. De Zotti
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - A. Cooray
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - A. Verma
- Oxford Astrophysics, Denys Wilkinson Building, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - J. Bock
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA 91009, USA
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - D. T. Frayer
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Post Office Box 2, Green Bank, WV 24944, USA
| | - M. A. Gurwell
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - A. Omont
- Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, Universitte Pierre et Marie Curie and CNRS, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
| | - R. Neri
- Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), 300 rue de la piscine, 38406 Saint-Martin d'Hères, France
| | - H. Dannerbauer
- Laboratoire Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation Paris Sarclay, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique (CEA)/Direction des Sciences de la Matière–CNRS–Université Paris Diderot, Institut de Recherche sur les lois fondamentales d l’Universe/Service d’Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, Orme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - L. L. Leeuw
- Physics Department, University of Johannesburg, Post Office Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
- SETI Institute, 515 North Whisman Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - E. Barton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - J. Cooke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - S. Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - E. da Cunha
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - G. Rodighiero
- Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universitá di Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 2, I-35122 Padova, Italy
| | - P. Cox
- Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), 300 rue de la piscine, 38406 Saint-Martin d'Hères, France
| | - D. G. Bonfield
- Centre for Astrophysics Research, Science and Technology Research Institute, University of Hertfordshire, Herts AL10 9AB, UK
| | - M. J. Jarvis
- Centre for Astrophysics Research, Science and Technology Research Institute, University of Hertfordshire, Herts AL10 9AB, UK
| | - S. Serjeant
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - R. J. Ivison
- UK Astronomy Technology Center, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
| | - S. Dye
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - I. Aretxaga
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Apartado Postal 51 y 216, 72000 Puebla, Mexico
| | - D. H. Hughes
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Apartado Postal 51 y 216, 72000 Puebla, Mexico
| | - E. Ibar
- UK Astronomy Technology Center, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
| | - F. Bertoldi
- Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - I. Valtchanov
- Herschel Science Centre, European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency (ESA), Post Office Box 78, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Eales
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - L. Dunne
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - S. P. Driver
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - R. Auld
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - S. Buttiglione
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
| | - A. Cava
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/Vía Láctea s/n, E-38200 La Laguna, Spain
- Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - C. A. Grady
- Eureka Scientific, 2452 Delmer Street, Suite 100, Oakland, CA 94602, USA
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 667, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - D. L. Clements
- Astrophysics Group, Physics Department, Blackett Lab, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - A. Dariush
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - J. Fritz
- Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent, Krijgslaan 281 S9, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - D. Hill
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - J. B. Hornbeck
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - L. Kelvin
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - G. Lagache
- Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), Bâtiment 121, F-91405 Orsa, France
- Université Paris–Sud 11 and CNRS (UMR 8617), 91400 Orsay, France
| | - M. Lopez-Caniego
- Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas–Universidad de Cantabria, Avenue de Los Castros s/n, Santander 39005, Spain
| | - J. Gonzalez-Nuevo
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - S. Maddox
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - E. Pascale
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - M. Pohlen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - E. E. Rigby
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - A. Robotham
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - C. Simpson
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University Twelve Quays House, Egerton Wharf, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, UK
| | - D. J. B. Smith
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - P. Temi
- Astrophysics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - M. A. Thompson
- Centre for Astrophysics Research, Science and Technology Research Institute, University of Hertfordshire, Herts AL10 9AB, UK
| | - B. E. Woodgate
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 667, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - D. G. York
- Department of Astrophysics and The Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - J. E. Aguirre
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA 19104, USA
| | - A. Beelen
- Université Paris–Sud 11 and CNRS (UMR 8617), 91400 Orsay, France
| | - A. Blain
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - A. J. Baker
- Rutgers University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854–8019, USA
| | - M. Birkinshaw
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
| | - R. Blundell
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - C. M. Bradford
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA 91009, USA
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - D. Burgarella
- Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, UMR6110 CNRS, and Aix-Marseille Université, 38 rue F. Joliot-Curie, F-13388 Marseille, France
| | - L. Danese
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - J. S. Dunlop
- UK Astronomy Technology Center, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
| | - S. Fleuren
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - J. Glenn
- University of Colorado, Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, 389-UCB, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - A. I. Harris
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - J. Kamenetzky
- University of Colorado, Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, 389-UCB, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - R. E. Lupu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA 19104, USA
| | - R. J. Maddalena
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Post Office Box 2, Green Bank, WV 24944, USA
| | - B. F. Madore
- Observatories of the Carnegie Institution, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
| | - P. R. Maloney
- University of Colorado, Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, 389-UCB, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - H. Matsuhara
- Institute for Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M. J. Michaowski
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
| | - E. J. Murphy
- Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - B. J. Naylor
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA 91009, USA
| | - H. Nguyen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA 91009, USA
| | - C. Popescu
- Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - S. Rawlings
- Oxford Astrophysics, Denys Wilkinson Building, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - D. Rigopoulou
- Oxford Astrophysics, Denys Wilkinson Building, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- Space Science and Technology Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK
| | - D. Scott
- University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - K. S. Scott
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M. Seibert
- Observatories of the Carnegie Institution, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
| | - I. Smail
- Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - R. J. Tuffs
- Max-Planck-Institut f¨r Kernphysik (MPIK), Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. D. Vieira
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - P. P. van der Werf
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
- Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Post Office Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J. Zmuidzinas
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA 91009, USA
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Aurelle D, Baker AJ, Bottin L, Brouat C, Caccone A, Chaix A, Dhakal P, Ding Y, Duplantier JM, Fiedler W, Fietz J, Fong Y, Forcioli D, Freitas TRO, Gunnarsson GH, Haddrath O, Hadziabdic D, Hauksdottir S, Havill NP, Heinrich M, Heinz T, Hjorleifsdottir S, Hong Y, Hreggvidsson GO, Huchette S, Hurst J, Kane M, Kane NC, Kawakami T, Ke W, Keith RA, Klauke N, Klein JL, Kun JFJ, Li C, Li GQ, Li JJ, Loiseau A, Lu LZ, Lucas M, Martins-Ferreira C, Mokhtar-Jamaï K, Olafsson K, Pampoulie C, Pan L, Pooler MR, Ren JD, Rinehart TA, Roussel V, Santos MO, Schaefer HM, Scheffler BE, Schmidt A, Segelbacher G, Shen JD, Skirnisdottir S, Sommer S, Tao ZR, Taubert R, Tian Y, Tomiuk J, Trigiano RN, Ungerer MC, Van Wormhoudt A, Wadl PA, Wang DQ, Weis-Dootz T, Xia Q, Yuan QY. Permanent Genetic Resources added to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 February 2010-31 March 2010. Mol Ecol Resour 2010; 10:751-4. [PMID: 21565086 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This article documents the addition of 228 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Anser cygnoides, Apodemus flavicollis, Athene noctua, Cercis canadensis, Glis glis, Gubernatrix cristata, Haliotis tuberculata, Helianthus maximiliani, Laricobius nigrinus, Laricobius rubidus, Neoheligmonella granjoni, Nephrops norvegicus, Oenanthe javanica, Paramuricea clavata, Pyrrhura orcesi and Samanea saman. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Apodemus sylvaticus, Laricobius laticollis and Laricobius osakensis (a proposed new species currently being described).
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Affiliation(s)
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- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre d'Océanologie de Marseille, CNRS-UMR 6540 DIMAR, rue de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France
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8
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Swinbank AM, Smail I, Longmore S, Harris AI, Baker AJ, De Breuck C, Richard J, Edge AC, Ivison RJ, Blundell R, Coppin KEK, Cox P, Gurwell M, Hainline LJ, Krips M, Lundgren A, Neri R, Siana B, Siringo G, Stark DP, Wilner D, Younger JD. Intense star formation within resolved compact regions in a galaxy at z = 2.3. Nature 2010; 464:733-6. [PMID: 20305639 DOI: 10.1038/nature08880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Bell JD, Park E, Ai J, Baker AJ. PICK1-mediated GluR2 endocytosis contributes to cellular injury after neuronal trauma. Cell Death Differ 2009; 16:1665-80. [DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2009.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Pereira SL, Baker AJ, Wajntal A. Did increased taxon and character sampling really reveal novel intergeneric relationships in the Cracidae (Aves: Galliformes)? J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2008.00512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Engelmann G, Meyburg J, Shahbek N, Al-Ali M, Hairetis MH, Baker AJ, Rodenburg RJT, Wenning D, Flechtenmacher C, Ellard S, Smeitink JA, Hoffmann GF, Buchanan CR. Recurrent acute liver failure and mitochondriopathy in a case of Wolcott-Rallison syndrome. J Inherit Metab Dis 2008; 31:540-6. [PMID: 18704764 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-008-0867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Revised: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A 10-year-old Arabic boy of consanguineous parents has suffered eight episodes of acute liver failure with haemolysis triggered by intercurrent febrile illnesses. The first crisis occurred at 9 months of age, after which diabetes mellitus developed. By the age of 6 years, short stature, mild myopathy and later skeletal epiphyseal dysplasia also became evident. His psychosocial development and educational achievements have remained within normal limits. While there were no clear biochemical indicators of a mitochondrial disorder, an almost complete deficiency of complex I of the respiratory chain was demonstrated in liver but not in fibroblast or muscle samples. Molecular analysis of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha kinase gene (EIF2AK3) demonstrated a homozygous mutation, compatible with a diagnosis of Wolcott-Rallison syndrome (WRS). This patient's course adds a new perspective to the presentation of WRS caused by mutations in the EIF2AK3 gene linking it to mitochondrial disorders: recoverable and recurrent acute liver failure. The findings also illustrate the diagnostic difficulty of mitochondrial disease as it cannot be excluded by muscle or skin biopsy in patients presenting with liver disease. The case also further complicates the decision-making process for liver transplantation in cases of acute liver failure in the context of a possible mitochondrial disorder. Such patients may be more likely to recover spontaneously if a mitochondrial disorder underlies the liver failure, yet without neurological features liver transplantation remains an option.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Engelmann
- Department of General Paediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 153, Heidelberg, 69120, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
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13
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Hare G, Hutchison J, David Mazer C, McLaren AT, Liu E, Baker AJ. Acute anemia accentuates cerebral injury following neurotrauma in rats. Can J Anaesth 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03019995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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14
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Hare GMT, Worrall JMA, Baker AJ, Liu E, Sikich N, Mazer CD. β 2 Adrenergic antagonist inhibits cerebral cortical oxygen delivery after severe haemodilution in rats. Br J Anaesth 2006; 97:617-23. [PMID: 16956895 DOI: 10.1093/bja/ael238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haemodilution has been associated with neurological morbidity in surgical patients. This study tests the hypothesis that inhibition of cerebral vasodilatation by systemic beta2 adrenergic blockade would impair cerebral oxygen delivery leading to tissue hypoxia in severely haemodiluted rats. METHODS Under general anaesthesia, cerebral tissue probes were placed to measure temperature, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and tissue oxygen tension (P(Br)O2) in the parietal cerebral cortex or hippocampus. Baseline measurements were established before and after systemic administration of either a beta2 antagonist (10 mg kg(-1) i.v., ICI 118, 551) or saline vehicle. Acute haemodilution was then performed by simultaneously exchanging 50% of the estimated blood volume (30 ml kg(-1)) with pentastarch. Arterial blood gases (ABGs), haemoglobin concentration (co-oximetry), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were also measured. Data were analysed using a two-way anova and post hoc Tukey's test [mean (sd)]. RESULTS Haemodilution reduced the haemoglobin concentration comparably in all groups [71 (9) g litre(-1)]. There were no differences in ABGs, co-oximetry, HR and MAP measurements between control and beta2 blocked rats, either before or 60 min after drug or vehicle administration. In rats treated with the beta2 antagonist there was a significant reduction in parietal cerebral cortical temperature, regional blood flow and tissue oxygen tension, relative to control rats, 60 min after haemodilution (P<0.05 for each). These differences were not observed when probes were placed in the hippocampus. CONCLUSION Systemic beta2 adrenergic blockade inhibited the compensatory increase in parietal cerebral cortical oxygen delivery after haemodilution thereby reducing cerebral cortical tissue oxygen tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M T Hare
- Department of Anaesthesia and the Cara Phelan Centre for Trauma Research, University of Toronto, St Michael's Hospital 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada.
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Shemie SD, Baker AJ, Knoll G, Wall W, Rocker G, Howes D, Davidson J, Pagliarello J, Chambers-Evans J, Cockfield S, Farrell C, Glannon W, Gourlay W, Grant D, Langevin S, Wheelock B, Young K, Dossetor J. Le don apres un deces d'origine cardiocirculatoire au Canada. CMAJ 2006. [DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.061066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- R. P. Wei
- a United States Steel Corporation, Applied Research Laboratory , Monroeville , Pennsylvania
| | - A. J. Baker
- a United States Steel Corporation, Applied Research Laboratory , Monroeville , Pennsylvania
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Turcato S, Turnbull L, Wang GY, Honbo N, Simpson PC, Karliner JS, Baker AJ. Ischemic preconditioning depends on age and gender. Basic Res Cardiol 2006; 101:235-43. [PMID: 16450074 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-006-0585-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2005] [Revised: 12/01/2005] [Accepted: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The goal of this study was to determine if an ischemic preconditioning (IPC) protocol improved post-ischemic functional recovery of female mouse hearts. A previous study found that IPC did not occur in hearts from 10-week-old females. We studied Langendorff-perfused hearts from both 10- and 18-week-old mice (males and females). Hearts were subjected to 45 min ischemia and 45 reperfusion (I/R); IPC involved pretreatment with 3 min ischemia. We measured hemodynamics, infarct size and levels of the phosphorylated prosurvival kinase Akt (p-Akt). Similar to a previous study, for 10- week-old mice we found that the IPC protocol appreciably improved recovery of LV developed pressure (LVDP) for hearts from males but not females. However, for 18-week-old mice we found that the IPC protocol doubled the recovery of LVDP for both males and females. For both ages, hearts from females had greater recovery of LVDP and higher levels of p-Akt compared to males. CONCLUSIONS These findings are consistent with growing evidence that preconditioning induced by ischemia or other interventions can occur in hearts from females. However, for hearts from females, preconditioning depends on age. Moreover, consistent with previous studies, hearts from females have greater inherent resistance to ischemic injury, possibly involving increased signaling via p-Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Turcato
- University of California, San Francisco, VA Medical Center, Cardiology Division 111C, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
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18
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention of trauma might be achieved by risk factor modification. Identification of such risk factors can be pursued by various means. Trauma recidivists may possess and highlight risk factors. Accordingly, trauma recidivists were analyzed as a method to elucidate trauma risk factors. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 13,057 trauma patients in Toronto was conducted. Forty-two recidivists were identified, and their first admission was compared with a control group of 84 non-recidivists. RESULTS The rate of trauma recidivism was 0.38% overall. Trauma recidivists were more likely to be from the inner city, male, homeless, suffering from chronic medical conditions. In addition, psychiatric conditions, an alcoholism history or any alcohol at the time of injury, intentionally injured, or engaged in criminal activity were also significantly more common in recidivists (p <0.05). CONCLUSION Risk factors for major trauma can be identified by analyzing recidivists in a large urban Canadian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Caufeild
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada
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Baker AJ, Sanderson IR, Kelly DA, Morgan M. Questionnaire survey of British Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology And Nutrition (BSPGHAN) members to examine workload and resources for paediatric gastroenterologists. Arch Dis Child 2005; 90:274. [PMID: 15723916 PMCID: PMC1720310 DOI: 10.1136/adc.2004.059105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A J Baker
- Variety Club Children's Hospital, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
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Lisboa CV, Mangia RH, De Lima NRC, Martins A, Dietz J, Baker AJ, Ramon-Miranda CR, Ferreira LF, Fernandes O, Jansen AM. Distinct patterns of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Leontopithecus rosalia in distinct Atlantic coastal rainforest fragments in Rio de Janeiro--Brazil. Parasitology 2005; 129:703-11. [PMID: 15648693 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182004005918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on infection of Trypanosoma cruzi in the Poço das Antas Biological Reserve population of wild free-ranging Leontopithecus rosalia have shown the presence of genotype T. cruzi II, associated in Brazil with human disease. Herein, this study has been extended, the infection being evaluated in L. rosalia of 3 different tamarin populations, inhabiting distinct forest areas located in the same Atlantic Coastal Rainforest. Edentata, Marsupialia, Rodentia and Chiroptera were examined exclusively in the Poço das Antas Biological Reserve. Excluding Chiroptera, T. cruzi infection was found in all orders. Biochemical and molecular characterization demonstrated that golden lion tamarins maintained stable infections by T. cruzi II. The isolates from the other mammals corresponded to T. cruzi I, suggesting independent transmission cycles occurring among the sylvatic mammals inside Poço das Antas Biological Reserve. Significant differences in the infection patterns presented by the 3 populations of wild and captive-born golden lion tamarins were noticed. In Poço das Antas a considerably higher number of positive haemocultures from tamarins with positive serological titres was observed in comparison to those obtained from other areas. The implications for conservation and public health of an active sylvatic cycle in the Atlantic Coastal Rainforest of Rio de Janeiro are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Lisboa
- Laboratory of Biology of Tripanosomatid, Department of Protozoology, IOC/FIOCRUZ, Av Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract
NAFLD/NASH is now recognised as an increasing clinical problem in children and adolescents. Risk factors include obesity, insulin resistance, and hypertriglyceridaemia. Drug hepatoxicity and genetic or metabolic diseases that can cause hepatic steatosis must be excluded. Affected children are usually asymptomatic although a few may complain of malaise, fatigue, or vague recurrent abdominal pain. Liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis, and is important in determining disease severity and prognosis. The natural history of childhood NASH may be progressive liver disease for a significant minority. Long term follow up studies in this population are still lacking. The mainstay of treatment is weight reduction. The use of pharmacological therapy, though promising, ideally needs further evaluation in well designed randomised controlled studies in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Marion
- Paediatric Liver Service, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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Caparroz R, Miyaki CY, Baker AJ. Characterization of microsatellite loci in the Blue-and-gold Macaw,Ara ararauna(Psittaciformes: Aves). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00475.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Enteral nutrition is the feeding method of choice during critical illness, but in some cases as few as 25% are fed appropriately. The aim was to retrospectively review the administration of nutrition to critically ill children. METHODS The notes of 95 children over the age of 1 year who were in PICU>or=3 days were reviewed and information related to the delivery of nutrition was obtained. RESULTS Fifty-nine per cent were fed within 24h of admission. Enteral nutrition was administered 54% of the time, 10% required parenteral nutrition and 9.5% received no nutritional support. Children only received a median 58.8 (range 0-277)% of their energy requirements, which could not be optimised until the 10th intensive care day. Energy intake was greater when supplemented with parenteral nutrition. Parenteral nutrition administration was interrupted 3 times while enteral nutrition was stopped 264 times, mainly to allow other clinical procedures to take place. For 75% of the study time, children had abnormal bowel patterns. Seventy-nine per cent were constipated for 3-21 days and 43% had diarrhoea of unknown aetiology. CONCLUSION This was a retrospective study to describe the efficiency of nutritional support in critically ill children. We have shown that it is possible to administer enteral nutrition safely. However, the difference between desirable intake and actual intake achieved suggests that a more pro-active approach should be adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Taylor
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Luttikhuizen PC, Drent J, Baker AJ. Disjunct distribution of highly diverged mitochondrial lineage clade and population subdivision in a marine bivalve with pelagic larval dispersal. Mol Ecol 2003; 12:2215-29. [PMID: 12859640 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01872.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA sequence data for 295 individuals of the marine bivalve Macoma balthica (L.) were collected from 10 sites across the European distribution, and from Alaska. The data were used to infer population subdivision history and estimate current levels of gene flow. Inferred historical biogeography was expected to be congruent with colonization of the Atlantic Ocean from the Pacific Ocean after the opening of the Bering Strait 3.5 Ma. In addition, the last glacial maximum, about 18000 years ago, was expected to have been responsible for most of the present-day distribution of molecular variation within Europe, because the area must have been recolonized after confinement to France and the south of the British Isles during the last glacial maximum. Current gene flow was hypothesized to be high, because the larvae of M. balthica spend 2-5 weeks drifting in the water column. The geographical distribution of one highly diverged haplotype clade was found to be disjunct and was encountered exclusively in samples from the Baltic Sea and Alaska. A molecular clock calibration for marine bivalve cytochrome-c-oxidase I dates this clade as having split off from the other haplotypes 9.8-39 Ma. Multiple colonizations of the Atlantic Ocean from the Pacific by M. balthica may explain the strong differences found between Baltic Sea and other European populations of this species. The sympatric occurrence of the highly diverged mitochondrial lineages in western parts of the Baltic Sea points to secondary admixture. With the use of coalescent analysis, population divergence times for French vs. other non-Baltic European populations ('Atlantic population assemblage') were estimated at a minimum of about 110000 years ago, well before the last glacial maximum 18000 years ago. Signatures of population divergence of M. balthica that appear to have originated during the Pleistocene have thus survived the last glacial maximum. Some of the populations within the Atlantic assemblage are currently isolated, while others appear to be connected by gene flow. Apparently, populations of this species can remain highly subdivided in spite of the potential for high gene flow, implying that their population and evolutionary dynamics can be independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Luttikhuizen
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, The Netherlands.
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Aw MM, Taylor RM, Verma A, Parke A, Baker AJ, Hadzic D, Muiesan P, Rela M, Heaton ND, Mieli-Vergani G, Dhawan A. Basiliximab (Simulect) for the treatment of steroid-resistant rejection in pediatric liver transpland recipients: a preliminary experience. Transplantation 2003; 75:796-9. [PMID: 12660504 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000054682.53834.ea] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of interleukin-2 receptor antibodies as rescue therapy in steroid-resistant rejection (SRR) has not been studied. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of an interleukin-2 receptor antibody, basiliximab (Simulect, Novartis, East Hanover, NJ), in treating SRR in pediatric liver transplant recipients. METHODS This was a prospective study of seven pediatric liver transplant recipients with biopsy-proven SRR who would have otherwise received OKT3 or antithymocyte globulin. The primary immunosuppression consisted of cyclosporine (Neoral, Novartis), azathioprine, and prednisolone in four patients and tacrolimus and prednisolone in three patients who had undergone retransplantation for chronic rejection (n=2) and hyperacute rejection (n=1). Four patients had received two cycles of high-dose steroids, and three patients had received a single cycle; all had been converted to tacrolimus, followed by the addition of mycophenolate mofetil. RESULTS The median time from transplant to SRR was 30 days (range, 8 days-23 months). Five children received two doses of basiliximab (10 mg, 3-7 days apart), and two children received a single dose. Aspartate aminotransferase levels normalized in three children 12, 21, and 30 days after basiliximab treatment. Aspartate aminotransferase levels decreased without normalizing in two children, but there was no further evidence of cellular rejection on repeat biopsies. All five children are rejection-free with a median follow-up of 22 months (range, 5-32 months). Biochemical abnormalities persisted in the remaining two children, and both developed chronic rejection. There were no immediate side effects associated with basiliximab. Two patients were treated empirically for possible cytomegalovirus infection 21 and 57 days after basiliximab treatment, with no evidence of cytomegalovirus disease. CONCLUSION Five of seven pediatric liver transplant recipients with SRR experienced successful outcomes with basiliximab treatment without major side effects, indicating that it is a safe alternative to OKT3 and other antilymphocyte antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Aw
- Department of Pediatrics, National University of Singapore, Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore
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Given AD, Mills JA, Baker AJ. Isolation of polymorphic microsatellite loci from the red-billed gull (Larus novaehollandiae scopulinus) and amplification in related species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2002.00261.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Singhal A, Baker AJ, Hare GMT, Reinders FX, Schlichter LC, Moulton RJ. Association between cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 concentrations and outcome after severe human traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2002; 19:929-37. [PMID: 12225653 DOI: 10.1089/089771502320317087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the specific relationships between inflammatory mediators and patient outcome following TBI have not been fully established. In this study, we measured plasma and cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations in 36 patients, following severe TBI. Patients were monitored with continuous measurements of somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEP) to derive an established surrogate outcome measurement, the 96-h evoked potential (SSEP96). Clinical outcomes were assessed at 3 months using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Peak cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IL-1 and IL-6 concentrations were significantly higher than those observed in the plasma [median 6.5 pg/mL (range 1.4-25.0) vs. 3.0 (0.8-7.6) for IL-1, and 650 (130-7,214) vs. 253 (52-1,506) for IL-6, p < 0.001 for both]. Peak CSF IL-6 levels correlated with SSEP96 (r = 0.42; p = 0.0133), and peak CSF IL-6 levels were higher with improved GOS (p = 0.024). Multiple regression analysis identified that age (p = 0.0072), pupillary abnormality (p = 0.021), the presence of mass lesion (p = 0.023), and peak CSF IL-6 concentrations (p = 0.026) were all statistically significant predictors of clinical outcome following TBI. These results suggest that peak CSF IL-6 concentrations correlate with improved outcome following TBI. This finding helps to characterize the inflammatory reaction associated with TBI and may help to develop improved treatment strategies for patients with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Singhal
- Department of Anaesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Taylor RM, Bjarnason I, Cheeseman P, Davenport M, Baker AJ, Mieli-Vergani G, Dhawan A. Intestinal permeability and absorptive capacity in children with portal hypertension. Scand J Gastroenterol 2002; 37:807-11. [PMID: 12190094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Portal hypertension may affect intestinal function leading to malnutrition in children with liver disease. The aim was to determine whether children with portal hypertension with or without liver disease had impaired absorptive capacity and intestinal barrier function (intestinal permeability) and to ascertain whether these abnormalities related to changes in body composition. METHODS Twenty-six children with portal hypertension were divided according to aetiology into: Group 1 intrahepatic (n = 15) and Group 2 prehepatic (n = 11). Thirty-five children acted as controls. Carbohydrate absorption and intestinal permeability were assessed using a sugar absorption/permeability test and a variety of anthropometric measurements were obtained. RESULTS 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, D-xylose and L-rhamnose excretion were significantly reduced in both patient groups compared to controls (P < or = 0.008) and the differential urinary excretion of melibiose/rhamnose (intestinal permeability) was significantly increased in Group 1 only (P < 0.05). Anthropometric measurements showed low Z scores in both groups, but there was no significant (P > 0.05) difference between them. There was no significant correlation between urinary excretion of sugars. anthropometric measurements and energy intake. CONCLUSIONS Increased portal pressure reduces the absorptive capacity of the small intestine, while liver disease itself leads to increased intestinal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Taylor
- Paediatric Liver Services, Paediatric Surgery, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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29
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Taylor RM, Bjarnason I, Cheeseman P, Davenport M, Baker AJ, Mieli-Vergani G, Dhawan A. Intestinal permeability and absorptive capacity in children with portal hypertension. Scand J Gastroenterol 2002. [PMID: 12190094 DOI: 10.1080/gas.37.7.807.811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Portal hypertension may affect intestinal function leading to malnutrition in children with liver disease. The aim was to determine whether children with portal hypertension with or without liver disease had impaired absorptive capacity and intestinal barrier function (intestinal permeability) and to ascertain whether these abnormalities related to changes in body composition. METHODS Twenty-six children with portal hypertension were divided according to aetiology into: Group 1 intrahepatic (n = 15) and Group 2 prehepatic (n = 11). Thirty-five children acted as controls. Carbohydrate absorption and intestinal permeability were assessed using a sugar absorption/permeability test and a variety of anthropometric measurements were obtained. RESULTS 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, D-xylose and L-rhamnose excretion were significantly reduced in both patient groups compared to controls (P < or = 0.008) and the differential urinary excretion of melibiose/rhamnose (intestinal permeability) was significantly increased in Group 1 only (P < 0.05). Anthropometric measurements showed low Z scores in both groups, but there was no significant (P > 0.05) difference between them. There was no significant correlation between urinary excretion of sugars. anthropometric measurements and energy intake. CONCLUSIONS Increased portal pressure reduces the absorptive capacity of the small intestine, while liver disease itself leads to increased intestinal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Taylor
- Paediatric Liver Services, Paediatric Surgery, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Scott AI, McCapra F, Nabney J, Young DW, Baker AJ, Davidson TA, Day AC. Phenol Oxidation. IV.1 Simulation of the Biosynthesis of Colchicine by a Radical-Pairing Reaction of the Tropolone Ring. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00902a049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Baker AJ, Phan N, Moulton RJ, Fehlings MG, Yucel Y, Zhao M, Liu E, Tian GF. Attenuation of the electrophysiological function of the corpus callosum after fluid percussion injury in the rat. J Neurotrauma 2002; 19:587-99. [PMID: 12042094 DOI: 10.1089/089771502753754064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes a new method used to evaluate axonal physiological dysfunction following fluid percussion induced traumatic brain injury (TBI) that may facilitate the study of the mechanisms and novel therapeutic strategies of posttraumatic diffuse axonal injury (DAI). Stimulated compound action potentials (CAP) were recorded extracellularly in the corpus callosum of superfused brain slices at 3 h, and 1, 3, and 7 days following central fluid percussion injury and demonstrated a temporal pattern of functional deterioration. The maximal CAP amplitude (CAPA) covaried with the intensity of impact 1 day following sham, mild (1.0-1.2 atm), and moderate (1.8-2.0 atm) injury (p < 0.05; 1.11 +/- 0.10, 0.82 +/- 0.11, and 0.49 +/- 0.08 mV, respectively). The CAPA in sham animals were approximately 1.1 mV and did not vary with survival interval (3 h, and 1, 3, and 7 days); however, they were significantly decreased at each time point following moderate injury (p < 0.05; 0.51 +/- 0.11, 0.49 +/- 0.08, 0.46 +/- 0.10, and 0.75 +/- 0.13 mV, respectively). The CAPA at 7 days in the injured group were higher than at 3 h, and 1 and 3 days. H&E and amyloid precursor protein (APP) light microscopic analysis confirmed previously reported trauma-induced axonal injury in the corpus callosum seen after fluid percussion injury. Increased APP expression was confirmed using Western blotting showing significant accumulation at 1 day (IOD 913.0 +/- 252.7; n = 3; p = 0.05), 3 days (IOD 753.1 +/- 159.1; n = 3; p = 0.03), and at 7 days (IOD 1093.8 = 105.0; n = 3; p = 0.001) compared to shams (IOD 217.6 +/- 20.4; n = 3). Thus, we report the characterization of white matter axonal dysfunction in the corpus callosum following TBI. This novel method was easily applied, and the results were consistent and reproducible. The electrophysiological changes were sensitive to the early effects of impact intensity, as well as to delayed changes occurring several days following injury. They also indicated a greater degree of attenuation than predicted by APP expression changes alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Baker
- Department of Anaesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Shingleton JT, Applegate BA, Baker AJ, Sayler GS, Bienkowski PR. Quantification of toluene dioxygenase induction and kinetic modeling of TCE cometabolism by Pseudomonas putida TVA8. Biotechnol Bioeng 2001; 76:341-50. [PMID: 11745162 DOI: 10.1002/bit.10083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
As measured by the toluene-induced bioluminescent response of Pseudomonas putida TVA8 in batch experiments, toluene dioxygenase (Tod) enzyme activities are dependent on toluene concentration between 0 and 30 mg/L. To provide a measure of the Tod activity for use in Michaelis-Menten competitive-inhibition kinetics, a correlation between toluene concentration and induced Tod activity as measured by an induced bioluminescent response of P. putida TVA8 is presented as a nondimensional Tod activity parameter. A packed-bed, radial-flow bioreactor (RFB) using the bioreporter P. putida TVA8A serves as the model system for studying the effect of the enzyme activity parameter on model predictions of vapor-phase toluene oxidation and trichloroethylene (TCE) cometabolism. Mass balances were performed on a differential section of the RFB to describe the radial transport of vapor-phase toluene and TCE through a bulk gas phase and the concomitant biological reaction in a stationary biofilm phase. The finite-element Galerkin weak-statement formulation with first-order basis functions was used to find the optimum solution to the highly nonlinear, coupled equations. For this RFB system with toluene concentrations less than 1 mg/L in the bulk gas phase, the Tod activity parameter enables accurate predictions of steady-state TCE degradation rate (0.27 microg TCE/min).
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Shingleton
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, 676 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1605, USA
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Haddrath O, Baker AJ. Complete mitochondrial DNA genome sequences of extinct birds: ratite phylogenetics and the vicariance biogeography hypothesis. Proc Biol Sci 2001; 268:939-45. [PMID: 11370967 PMCID: PMC1088691 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2001.1587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ratites have stimulated much debate as to how such large flightless birds came to be distributed across the southern continents, and whether they are a monophyletic group or are composed of unrelated lineages that independently lost the power of flight. Hypotheses regarding the relationships among taxa differ for morphological and molecular data sets, thus hindering attempts to test whether plate tectonic events can explain ratite biogeography. Here, we present the complete mitochondrial DNA genomes of two extinct moas from New Zealand, along with those of five extant ratites (the lesser rhea, the ostrich, the great spotted kiwi, the emu and the southern cassowary and two tinamous from different genera. The non-stationary base composition in these sequences violates the assumptions of most tree-building methods. When this bias is corrected using neighbour-joining with log-determinant distances and non-homogeneous maximum likelihood, the ratites are found to be monophlyletic, with moas basal, as in morphological trees. The avian sequences also violate a molecular clock, so we applied a non-parametric rate smoothing algorithm, which minimizes ancestor-descendant local rate changes, to date nodes in the tree. Using this method, most of the major ratite lineages fit the vicariance biogeography hypothesis, the exceptions being the ostrich and the kiwi, which require dispersal to explain their present distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Haddrath
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada.
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Aw MM, Samaroo B, Baker AJ, Verma A, Rela M, Heaton ND, Mieli-Vergani G, Dhawan A. Calcineurin-inhibitor related nephrotoxicity- reversibility in paediatric liver transplant recipients. Transplantation 2001; 72:746-9. [PMID: 11544444 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200108270-00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as renal rescue in paediatric liver transplant recipients with calcineurin-inhibitor- (CI) related nephrotoxicity. METHODS Pediatric liver transplant recipients with stable graft function and a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <80 ml/min/1.73 m2 were enrolled. MMF was introduced at 20 mg/kg/day and increased to 40 mg/kg/day after 1 week. CI dose was then reduced 6 weeks to achieve blood levels 25% of baseline. GFR was reassessed after 6 and 12 months. RESULTS Fourteen children with a median (range) interval from transplant of 57 (4-111) months were studied. Their median (range) GFR in ml/min/1.73 m2 increased from a baseline of 52 (31-71), to 69 (38-111) and 73 (35-98) at 6 and 12 months, respectively (P=0.00014). Side effects of MMF include leucopaenia in two and backache in one, two of whom discontinued MMF. Acute allograft rejection occurred in three children. All 14 are well with a median (range) follow-up of 24 (14-38) months from MMF introduction. CONCLUSION MMF allows the recovery of renal function from CI related nephrotoxicity in more than 70% of paediatric liver transplant recipients with renal impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Aw
- Paediatric Liver Service, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Whiting SN, Leake JR, McGrath SP, Baker AJ. Hyperaccumulation of Zn by Thlaspi caerulescens can ameliorate Zn toxicity in the rhizosphere of cocropped Thlaspi arvense. Environ Sci Technol 2001; 35:3237-41. [PMID: 11506012 DOI: 10.1021/es010644m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The metal hyperaccumulating plant Thlaspi caerulescens is effective in depleting plant-available metals from the soil. We hypothesized that this reduction of toxic metals in the rhizosphere of T. caerulescens would increase the growth of less metal-tolerant plants with their roots permitted to intermingle and develop coincident rhizospheres. The extent of rhizosphere interaction between T. caerulescens and a coplanted nonaccumulator species, Thlaspi arvense, was controlled using barriers. Two media with elevated concentrations of water-extractable Zn were prepared by enriching one soil with zinc oxide (ZnO) or zinc sulfide (ZnS). The shoot mass of T. arvense was increased by 30% when its roots were permitted to intermingle with those of T. caerulescens in the ZnO treatment. The concomitant 2-3-fold reduction in shoot Zn concentration in T. arvense confirmed that its improved growth was associated with reduced uptake and phytotoxicity of Zn. Thlaspi arvense also showed increased growth and reduced metal uptake when cocropped with T. caerulescens in the ZnS treatment. We conclude that the strong Zn accumulation by T. caerulescens might enhance the establishment and development of surrounding less-tolerant species on soils that are naturally- or anthropogenically-enriched with metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Whiting
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, UK
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Bales K, O'Herron M, Baker AJ, Dietz JM. Sources of variability in numbers of live births in wild golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia). Am J Primatol 2001; 54:211-21. [PMID: 11468751 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effects of several variables on the number of live births in multiparous females in a wild population of golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia). Independent variables included the number of infants born to a female the previous breeding season, the number of infants weaned the previous breeding season, the female's age and body mass, the number of adult males and helpers in the group, and the inbreeding coefficient of the offspring. We also tested the hypothesis that trapping and chemical immobilization during pregnancy affected the number of live births. Female body mass was the only statistically significant predictor of the number of live-born infants in the current season when both first and second peaks were included. Characteristics that predicted higher numbers of infants in the first peak of a season were the number of infants born the previous season and the body mass of the female. The greater the number of infants born the previous season, the greater the number of infants born in the first peak of the current season. Factors positively correlated with the number of live births in the second peak within a season included the number of infants born the previous season, as well as the number of available helpers. Due to sample size constraints, the analysis of litters in the second peak did not include body mass of the female as a variable. Inbreeding and handling did not affect the number of live births. We found no evidence that current reproduction negatively impacts future reproduction in this species. We also found no evidence for an age-related reduction in fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bales
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
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Baker AJ, Redfern CH, Harwood MD, Simpson PC, Conklin BR. Abnormal contraction caused by expression of G(i)-coupled receptor in transgenic model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2001; 280:H1653-9. [PMID: 11247776 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.4.h1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although increased G(i) signaling has been associated with dilated cardiomyopathy in humans, its role is not clear. Our goal was to determine the effects of chronically increased G(i) signaling on myocardial function. We studied transgenic mice that expressed a G(i)-coupled receptor (Ro1) that was targeted to the heart and regulated by a tetracycline-controlled expression system. Ro1 expression for 8 wk resulted in abnormal contractions of right ventricular muscle strips in vitro. Ro1 expression reduced myocardial force by >60% (from 35 +/- 3 to 13 +/- 2 mN/mm(2), P < 0.001). Nevertheless, sensitivity to extracellular Ca(2+) was enhanced. The extracellular [Ca(2+)] resulting in half-maximal force was lower with Ro1 expression compared with control (0.41 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.88 +/- 0.05 mM, P < 0.001). Ro1 expression slowed both contraction and relaxation kinetics, increasing the twitch time to peak (143 +/- 6 vs. 100 +/- 4 ms in control, P < 0.001) and the time to half relaxation (124 +/- 6 vs. 75 +/- 6 ms in control, P < 0.001). Increased pacing frequency increased contractile force threefold in control myocardium (P < 0.001) but caused no increase of force in Ro1-expressing myocardium. When stimulation was interrupted with rests, postrest force increased in control myocardium, but there was postrest decay of force in Ro1-expressing myocardium. These results suggest that defects in contractility mediated by G(i) signaling may contribute to the development of dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Baker
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
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Baker AJ, Tabacoff R, Tornusciolo G, Eisenstadt M. Calculating number of offenses and victims of juvenile sexual offending: the role of posttreatment disclosures. Sex Abuse 2001; 13:79-90. [PMID: 11294126 DOI: 10.1177/107906320101300202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This research was designed to compare data obtained from agency records at three treatment programs for juvenile male sex offenders with information available from clinicians once youth and their families had been in treatment for at least 6 months. Results revealed that over the course of treatment, youth and their families disclosed information about additional victims and offenses, physical and sexual abuse of the offenders, and several aspects of a violent and sexualized family environment. Over half the boys reported additional victims or additional offenses or both. There were significant increases in the number of reports of physical abuse, witnessing of domestic violence, living in a sexual environment, maternal sexual victimization, maternal victimization of domestic violence, and fathers being perpetrators of domestic violence. These data clearly support the hypotheses of the study and have important implications for both clinical practice and future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Baker
- Children's Village, Dobbs Ferry, New York 10522, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess whether serum concentrations of hyaluronic acid (HA), measured at diagnosis is an early biochemical marker of prognosis in biliary atresia. METHODS Serum HA was measured at diagnosis using a radiometric assay in 84 infants with biliary atresia (BA), and related to outcome by 5 years of age. RESULTS Serum HA was higher in the 29 patients who died or required liver transplant by 5 years of age compared with the 56 who survived to 5 years without transplant (490 +/- 216 microg/L v 262 +/- 163 microg/L; P <.001, 95% confidence intervals of the difference 145 to 311 microg/L). CONCLUSION High serum concentrations of HA at diagnosis may help to identify at an early stage those patients with BA who have a poor prognosis and will require liver transplant by 5 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dhawan
- Department of Child Health, King's College Hospital, London, England
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Baker AJ, Schneiderman M, Parker R. A survey of problematic sexualized behaviors of children in the New York City Child Welfare System:estimates of problem, impact on services, and need for training. J Child Sex Abus 2001; 10:67-80. [PMID: 16221627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Forty-eight of 52 (92%) agencies contracted with the New York City Administration for Children's Services (ACS) responded to a survey about problematic sexualized behaviors (PSB) of children in different levels of care within the child welfare system. Results revealed that almost all agencies reported PSB within their foster boarding home and residential treatment centers. A majority of agencies perceived PSB to be a significant problem for which staff and families were not sufficiently trained. These findings highlight many avenues for advocacy, clinical intervention, and staff development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Baker
- New York Foundling Hospital, The Children's Village, Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Aplastic anemia is a rare but well-recognized complication of acute hepatitis and acute liver failure. The cause is unknown, and the condition is fatal without bone marrow recovery. Treatment includes immunosuppression regimens or bone marrow transplantation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence, cause, treatment, and outcomes of this disorder in children. METHODS Retrospective chart review of 75 patients with acute liver failure in a major pediatric liver center. RESULTS Eight patients had evidence of bone marrow failure. Of those, six had aplastic anemia, and two had transient bone marrow suppression. There were five boys, median age 57 months (range, 36-132 months). Two had parvovirus B19, six had non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis. Five underwent liver transplantation: auxiliary in one, orthotopic in four. The interval between initial symptoms and development of aplastic anemia and/or bone marrow suppression was 21 to 99 days (median, 39 days). Four patients with aplastic anemia received intravenous antithymocyte globulin (ATG) or antilymphocyte globulin (ALG). Median recovery period of granulopoiesis was 62 days (range, 27-115 days). Two made a full recovery, one had myelodysplasia, and one with unresponsive disease died of septic complications. Four did not receive ATG/ALG, two had aplastic anemia, and two had bone marrow suppression. Three underwent liver transplantation, and all four resumed granulopoiesis. One child who underwent liver transplantation died of sepsis with chronic rejection. Median recovery of granulopoiesis was 99 days (range, 20-153 days). CONCLUSIONS Bone marrow failure occurs in 10.7% of children with acute liver failure. It sometimes occurs in association with non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis and parvovirus B19 infection. Treatment with ATG/ALG is successful and is well tolerated in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tung
- Department of Child Health, King's College Hospital, United Kingdom
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Hadzic N, Pritchard J, Webb D, Portmann B, Heaton ND, Rela M, Dhawan A, Baker AJ, Mieli-Vergani G. Recurrence of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in the graft after pediatric liver transplantation. Transplantation 2000; 70:815-9. [PMID: 11003364 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200009150-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Two girls were diagnosed with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) at the age of 16 and 7 months and developed end stage chronic liver disease related to LCH-induced sclerosing cholangitis at 28 and 8 months, respectively. They received liver transplants at 34 and 14 months of age. Five months post-orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) one of the patients developed posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease, successfully treated with a combination of surgery and reduction of immunosuppression. Fourteen months post-OLT she developed diabetes insipidus, bilateral ear discharge, and new osteolytic lesions. After transplantation both girls had mild skin reactivations of LCH, requiring minimal steroid increments. At 60 and 5 months post-OLT intrahepatic LCH recurrence was diagnosed on the basis of abnormal biliary enzymes and presence of Langerhans cells in the grafts. Initial cholangiography in both patients was unremarkable. LCH activity was controlled by maintenance chemotherapy with vinblastine, etoposide, and prednisolone. Ten months after reappearance of LCH in the liver graft a follow-up cholangiography in one of the girls demonstrated a low grade cholangiopathy. Residual elevation of liver enzymes probably represents an ongoing pathogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hadzic
- Department of Child Health, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Abstract
We collected data from wild and reintroduced golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia) to describe the behavior of donor and recipient during food transfers, evaluate the effect of supplemental feeding on food transfer behavior, and examine various hypotheses concerning the function of food transfers in primates. Behavioral observations were conducted on 12 groups of tamarins with young (N = 30) between the ages of 1 week and 1 year old. Results show that food transfers involve various behaviors, from steals by recipients to offers by donors; transfers mostly derive from adults and are directed at immature weaned young (between 3 and 9 months old); and that most items transferred were prey or fruits that require skill to process. Eleven percent of food transfers were preceded by an adult vocalization specific to that context, whereas 86% were preceded by conspicuous infant vocalizations and begging behavior. The most common vocalizations were loud and atonal (rasps) and broad banded frequency modulated (trills). Infants born to reintroduced parents vocalized less, whereas reintroduced adults vocalized more before transferring food than their wild counterparts. Reintroduced adults and young received more food transfers (4.4 per hr) than did wild-born adults and young (2.2 per hr). Our findings suggest that food transfer in golden lion tamarins is best understood as provisioning of young that have not fully developed foraging skills to ensure they get the necessary resources for growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Ruiz-Miranda
- Department of Zoological Research, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.
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Luo YM, Christie P, Baker AJ. Soil solution Zn and pH dynamics in non-rhizosphere soil and in the rhizosphere of Thlaspi caerulescens grown in a Zn/Cd-contaminated soil. Chemosphere 2000; 41:161-164. [PMID: 10819195 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00405-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Temporal changes in soil solution properties and metal speciation were studied in non-rhizosphere soil and in the rhizosphere of the hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens J. & C. Presl (population from Prayon, Belgium) grown in a Zn- and Cd-contaminated soil. This paper focuses on soil solution Zn and pH dynamics during phytoextraction. The concentration of Zn in both non-rhizosphere and rhizosphere soil solutions decreased from 23 mg/l at the beginning to 2 mg/l at the end of the experiment (84 days after transplanting of seedlings), mainly due to chemical sorption. There was no significant difference in overall Zn concentration between the planted and the unplanted soil solutions (P > 0.05). Soil solution pH decreased initially and then increased slightly in both planted and unplanted soil zones. From 60 to 84 days after transplanting, the pH of the rhizosphere soil solution was higher than that of non-rhizosphere soil solution (P<0.05). Zn uptake by the hyperaccumulator plants was 8.8 mg per pot (each containing 1 kg oven-dry soil) on average. The data indicate that the potential of T. caerulescens to remove Zn from contaminated soil may not be related to acidification of the rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Luo
- Laboratory of Material Cycling in the Pedosphere, Institute of Soil Science, Academia Sinica, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Verma A, Dhawan A, Wade JJ, Lim WH, Ruiz G, Price JF, Hadzic N, Baker AJ, Rela M, Heaton ND, Mieli-Vergani G. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in pediatric liver transplant recipients. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000; 19:625-30. [PMID: 10917220 DOI: 10.1097/00006454-200007000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the incidence, clinical presentation, management, complications and outcome of tuberculosis in pediatric liver transplant recipients. METHODS A retrospective review of the medical records of children who underwent liver transplantation between 1991 and 1998. RESULTS Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection occurred in 6 of 254 (2.4%) children undergoing liver transplantation between 1991 and 1998. Cough, pyrexia and poor appetite were common presentations; one-half had normal chest radiographs. The median time to confirmation of diagnosis was 8 months (range, 1 to 17 months). Tests contributing to diagnosis included: Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain (2 patients), M. tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction (1 patient), Mantoux test (1 patient) and histopathology (4 patients). Family health screening was productive for 4 patients. Duration of treatment varied from 9 to 18 months. Isoniazid-induced hepatitis was observed in 2 patients but resolved with dose reduction. Two patients died while receiving treatment, one of Klebsiella spp. septicemia and the other of pulmonary hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS Tuberculosis after liver transplantation has a significant morbidity and mortality. Pretransplantation a personal and family history of tuberculosis must be sought, and screening of patients and their families should be considered. Standard regimens incorporating isoniazid and rifampin are effective, but regular monitoring of liver function is essential to detect drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Verma
- Dulwich Public Health Laboratory and Medical Microbiology, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
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Lisboa CV, Dietz J, Baker AJ, Russel NN, Jansen AM. Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Leontopithecus rosalia at the Reserva Biológica de Poco das Antas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2000; 95:445-52. [PMID: 10904398 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762000000400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia) - endangered primates that are native to the Brazilian Atlantic coastal forest - were surveyed for the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi with the use of Giemsa-stained blood smears, hemocultures and an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFAT). Positive IFAT with titers ranging from 1:20 to 1:1280 were observed in 52% of the 118 wild tamarins examined and the parasite was isolated from 38 tamarins. No patent parasitemia was observed among the tamarins from which T. cruzi was isolated. Serum conversion and positive hemoculture was observed for three animals that had yielded negative results some months earlier, which indicates that T. cruzi is actively transmitted among tamarins. In contrast to observations with other sylvatic isolates, those from the tamarins were significantly more virulent and most of them produced mortality in experimentally infected Swiss mice. Some variation in the kDNA restriction profiles among the isolates was observed. Electrophoresis with GPI, G6PDH, IDH, MDH and ME enzymes showed a Z2 profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Lisboa
- Departamento de Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Abstract
Abandoned metalliferous mine wastes can result in severe pollution and have aesthetic impacts on the local environment. Use of a vegetation cover gives a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable method of stabilising and reclaiming wastes such as mine-spoils and tailings. Many characteristics of metalliferous wastes are often inimical to successful vegetation establishment, most notably phytotoxic levels of residual heavy metals, low nutrient status and poor physical structure of the substratum. Current approaches to revegetation and reclamation involve both ameliorative and adaptive strategies to allow plant establishment and encourage subsequent vegetation development. Different techniques of revegetation are available for temperate and arid, subtropical regions depending on the characteristics of the waste. These include direct seeding with commercially available plants, use of cover and barrier systems and the enhancement of natural revegetation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Tordoff
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, UK
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Redfern CH, Degtyarev MY, Kwa AT, Salomonis N, Cotte N, Nanevicz T, Fidelman N, Desai K, Vranizan K, Lee EK, Coward P, Shah N, Warrington JA, Fishman GI, Bernstein D, Baker AJ, Conklin BR. Conditional expression of a Gi-coupled receptor causes ventricular conduction delay and a lethal cardiomyopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:4826-31. [PMID: 10781088 PMCID: PMC18317 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.9.4826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Ventricular conduction delay, as shown by prolonged deflections in the electrocardiogram caused by delayed ventricular contraction (wide QRS complex), is a common feature of cardiomyopathy and is associated with a poor prognosis. Although the G(i)-signaling pathway is up-regulated in certain cardiomyopathies, previous studies suggested this up-regulation was compensatory rather than a potential cause of the disease. Using the tetracycline transactivator system and a modified G(i)-coupled receptor (Ro1), we provide evidence that increased G(i) signaling in mice can result in a lethal cardiomyopathy associated with a wide QRS complex arrhythmia. Induced expression of Ro1 in adult mice resulted in a >90% mortality rate at 16 wk, whereas suppression of Ro1 expression after 8 wk protected mice from further mortality and allowed partial improvement in systolic function. Results of DNA-array analysis of over 6,000 genes from hearts expressing Ro1 are consistent with hyperactive G(i) signaling. DNA-array analysis also identified known markers of cardiomyopathy and hundreds of previously unknown potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for this syndrome. Our system allows cardiomyopathy to be induced and reversed in adult mice, providing an unprecedented opportunity to dissect the role of G(i) signaling in causing cardiac pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Redfern
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94141-9100, USA
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Abstract
Prolonged anoxia can cause permanent damage to synaptic transmission in the mammalian CNS. We tested the hypothesis that lack of glucose is the major cause of irreversible anoxic transmission damage, and that anoxic synaptic transmission damage could be prevented by glycolysis in rat hippocampal slices. The evoked population spike (PS) was extracellularly recorded in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer after stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals. When the slice was superfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) containing 4 mM glucose, following 10 min anoxia, the evoked PS did not recover at all after 60 min reoxygenation. When superfusion ACSF contained 10 mM glucose with or without 0.5 mM alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnate (4-CIN), after 60 min reoxygenation the evoked PS completely recovered following 10 min anoxia. When superfusion ACSF contained 20 mM glucose with or without 1 mM sodium cyanide (NaCN), after 60 min reoxygenation the evoked PS completely recovered even following 120 min anoxia. In contrast, when superfusion ACSF contained 4 mM glucose, following 10 min 1 mM NaCN chemical anoxia alone, without anoxic anoxia, the evoked PS displayed no recovery after 60 min reoxygenation. Moreover, when 16 mM mannitol and 16 sodium L-lactate were added into 4 mM glucose ACSF, following 10 min anoxia the evoked PS failed to recover at all after 60 min reoxygenation. The results indicate that elevated glucose concentration powerfully protected the synaptic transmission against anoxic damage, and the powerful protection is due to anaerobic metabolism of glucose and not a result of the higher osmolality in higher glucose ACSF. We conclude that lack of glucose is the major cause of anoxia-induced synaptic transmission damage, and that if sufficient glucose is supplied, glycolysis could prevent this damage in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Tian
- Traumatic Brain Injury Laboratory, Cara Phelan Centre for Trauma Research and the Department of Anaesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
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Holt RI, Miell JP, Jones JS, Mieli-Vergani G, Baker AJ. Nasogastric feeding enhances nutritional status in paediatric liver disease but does not alter circulating levels of IGF-I and IGF binding proteins. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2000; 52:217-24. [PMID: 10671950 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2000.00934.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Complications of childhood cirrhosis include abnormal growth and malnutrition, associated with abnormalities in circulating IGFs and IGFBPs. Controlled studies suggest that intensive enteral feeding enhances nutritional status. The aim was to ascertain whether nasogastric feeding improves nutritional status in clinical practice and to assess the effect of feeding on serum IGF-I and IGFBPs. PATIENTS Thirty-three children (median age 0.6 years) with biliary atresia and failure to thrive who were treated with nasogastric feeding. MEASUREMENTS Height, weight and triceps skin fold thickness were measured prior to feeding and regularly for 1 year or until feeding was stopped. Serum IGF-I and IGFBPs were measured by immunoassay at the same intervals. RESULTS The median duration of feeding was 3.7 months. Twenty-two stopped feeding after liver transplantation, while 10 stopped electively and 1 boy died. Before feeding, the children were losing weight and height centile. Triceps skin fold thickness, weight and height SD scores improved with feeding. Baseline serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were low, while IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 were raised. IGF-I and IGFBP-1 did not change with feeding. IGFBP-2 fell and reached a nadir by 3 months, while IGFBP-3 rose temporarily for 4-6 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Nasogastric feeding improves body composition in paediatric liver disease but circulating IGF-I and IGFBPs remain abnormal and do not play a major role in mediating these changes. This does not exclude a paracrine or autocrine effect of IGF-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I Holt
- Department of Medicine, Child Health, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
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