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Hausmann M, Seuwen K, de Vallière C, Busch M, Ruiz PA, Rogler G. Role of pH-sensing receptors in colitis. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:611-622. [PMID: 38514581 PMCID: PMC11006753 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02943-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Low pH in the gut is associated with severe inflammation, fibrosis, and colorectal cancer (CRC) and is a hallmark of active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Subsequently, pH-sensing mechanisms are of interest for the understanding of IBD pathophysiology. Tissue hypoxia and acidosis-two contributing factors to disease pathophysiology-are linked to IBD, and understanding their interplay is highly relevant for the development of new therapeutic options. One member of the proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, GPR65 (T-cell death-associated gene 8, TDAG8), was identified as a susceptibility gene for IBD in a large genome-wide association study. In response to acidic extracellular pH, GPR65 induces an anti-inflammatory response, whereas the two other proton-sensing receptors, GPR4 and GPR68 (ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1, OGR1), mediate pro-inflammatory responses. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of these proton-sensing receptors in IBD and IBD-associated fibrosis and cancer, as well as colitis-associated cancer (CAC). We also describe emerging small molecule modulators of these receptors as therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland.
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Moana Busch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
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2
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Caratis F, Opiełka M, Hausmann M, Velasco-Estevez M, Rojek B, de Vallière C, Seuwen K, Rogler G, Karaszewski B, Rutkowska A. The proton-sensing receptors TDAG8 and GPR4 are differentially expressed in human and mouse oligodendrocytes: Exploring their role in neuroinflammation and multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0283060. [PMID: 38527054 PMCID: PMC10962805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Acidosis is one of the hallmarks of demyelinating central nervous system (CNS) lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS). The response to acidic pH is primarily mediated by a family of G protein-coupled proton-sensing receptors: OGR1, GPR4 and TDAG8. These receptors are inactive at alkaline pH, reaching maximal activation at acidic pH. Genome-wide association studies have identified a locus within the TDAG8 gene associated with several autoimmune diseases, including MS. Accordingly, we here found that expression of TDAG8, as opposed to GPR4 or OGR1, is upregulated in MS plaques. This led us to investigate the expression of TDAG8 in oligodendrocytes using mouse and human in vitro and in vivo models. We observed significant upregulation of TDAG8 in human MO3.13 oligodendrocytes during maturation and in response to acidic conditions. However, its deficiency did not impact normal myelination in the mouse CNS, and its expression remained unaltered under demyelinating conditions in mouse organotypic cerebellar slices. Notably, our data revealed no expression of TDAG8 in primary mouse oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), in contrast to its expression in primary human OPCs. Our investigations have revealed substantial species differences in the expression of proton-sensing receptors in oligodendrocytes, highlighting the limitations of the employed experimental models in fully elucidating the role of TDAG8 in myelination and oligodendrocyte biology. Consequently, the study does not furnish robust evidence for the role of TDAG8 in such processes. Nonetheless, our findings tentatively point towards a potential association between TDAG8 and myelination processes in humans, hinting at a potential link between TDAG8 and the pathophysiology of MS and warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fionä Caratis
- Brain Diseases Centre, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Opiełka
- Brain Diseases Centre, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Velasco-Estevez
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Group, Clinical Research Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bartłomiej Rojek
- Department of Adult Neurology, Medical University of Gdansk & University Clinical Centre, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bartosz Karaszewski
- Brain Diseases Centre, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Adult Neurology, Medical University of Gdansk & University Clinical Centre, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Rutkowska
- Brain Diseases Centre, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Tarasov OB, Gade A, Fukushima K, Hausmann M, Kwan E, Portillo M, Smith M, Ahn DS, Bazin D, Chyzh R, Giraud S, Haak K, Kubo T, Morrissey DJ, Ostroumov PN, Richardson I, Sherrill BM, Stolz A, Watters S, Weisshaar D, Zhang T. Observation of New Isotopes in the Fragmentation of ^{198}Pt at FRIB. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:072501. [PMID: 38427880 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.072501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Five previously unknown isotopes (^{182,183}Tm, ^{186,187}Yb, ^{190}Lu) were produced, separated, and identified for the first time at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) using the Advanced Rare Isotope Separator (ARIS). The new isotopes were formed through the interaction of a ^{198}Pt beam with a carbon target at an energy of 186 MeV/u and with a primary beam power of 1.5 kW. Event-by-event particle identification of A, Z, and q for the reaction products was performed by combining measurements of the energy loss, time of flight, magnetic rigidity Bρ, and total kinetic energy. The ARIS separator has a novel two-stage design with high resolving power to strongly suppress contaminant beams. This successful new isotope search was performed less than one year after FRIB operations began and demonstrates the discovery potential of the facility which will ultimately provide 400 kW of primary beam power.
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Affiliation(s)
- O B Tarasov
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Gade
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - K Fukushima
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M Hausmann
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - E Kwan
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M Portillo
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M Smith
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D S Ahn
- Center for Exotic Nuclear Studies, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - D Bazin
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - R Chyzh
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Giraud
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - K Haak
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T Kubo
- RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - D J Morrissey
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - P N Ostroumov
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - I Richardson
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - B M Sherrill
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Stolz
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Watters
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D Weisshaar
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T Zhang
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Perren L, Busch M, Schuler C, Ruiz PA, Foti F, Weibel N, de Vallière C, Morsy Y, Seuwen K, Hausmann M, Rogler G. OGR1 (GPR68) and TDAG8 (GPR65) Have Antagonistic Effects in Models of Colonic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14855. [PMID: 37834303 PMCID: PMC10573511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPRs), including pro-inflammatory ovarian cancer GPR1 (OGR1/GPR68) and anti-inflammatory T cell death-associated gene 8 (TDAG8/GPR65), are involved in pH sensing and linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). OGR1 and TDAG8 show opposite effects. To determine which effect is predominant or physiologically more relevant, we deleted both receptors in models of intestinal inflammation. Combined Ogr1 and Tdag8 deficiency was assessed in spontaneous and acute murine colitis models. Disease severity was assessed using clinical scores. Colon samples were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and flow cytometry (FACS). In acute colitis, Ogr1-deficient mice showed significantly decreased clinical scores compared with wildtype (WT) mice, while Tdag8-deficient mice and double knockout (KO) mice presented similar scores to WT. In Il-10-spontaneous colitis, Ogr1-deficient mice presented significantly decreased, and Tdag8-deficient mice had increased inflammation. In the Il10-/- × Ogr1-/- × Tdag8-/- triple KO mice, inflammation was significantly decreased compared with Tdag8-/-. Absence of Ogr1 reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines in Tdag8-deficient mice. Tdag8-/- had significantly more IFNγ+ T-lymphocytes and IL-23 T-helper cells in the colon compared with WT. The absence of OGR1 significantly alleviates the intestinal damage mediated by the lack of functional TDAG8. Both OGR1 and TDAG8 represent potential new targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Ruiz-Malagón AJ, Hidalgo-García L, Rodríguez-Sojo MJ, Molina-Tijeras JA, García F, Diez-Echave P, Vezza T, Becerra P, Marchal JA, Redondo-Cerezo E, Hausmann M, Rogler G, Garrido-Mesa J, Rodríguez-Cabezas ME, Rodríguez-Nogales A, Gálvez J. Tigecycline reduces tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer via inhibition of cell proliferation and modulation of immune response. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114760. [PMID: 37119741 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND and Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the cancers with the highest incidence in which APC gene mutations occur in almost 80% of patients. This mutation leads to β-catenin aberrant accumulation and an uncontrolled proliferation. Apoptosis evasion, changes in the immune response and microbiota composition are also events that arise in CRC. Tetracyclines are drugs with proven antibiotic and immunomodulatory properties that have shown cytotoxic activity against different tumor cell lines. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effect of tigecycline was evaluated in vitro in HCT116 cells and in vivo in a colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) murine model. 5-fluorouracil was assayed as positive control in both studies. KEY RESULTS Tigecycline showed an antiproliferative activity targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and downregulating STAT3. Moreover, tigecycline induced apoptosis through extrinsic, intrinsic and endoplasmic reticulum pathways converging on an increase of CASP7 levels. Furthermore, tigecycline modulated the immune response in CAC, reducing the cancer-associated inflammation through downregulation of cytokines expression. Additionally, tigecycline favored the cytotoxic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), one of the main immune defenses against tumor cells. Lastly, the antibiotic reestablished the gut dysbiosis in CAC mice increasing the abundance of bacterial genera and species, such as Akkermansia and Parabacteroides distasonis, that act as protectors against tumor development. These findings resulted in a reduction of the number of tumors and an amelioration of the tumorigenesis process in CAC. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Tigecycline exerts a beneficial effect against CRC supporting the use of this antibiotic for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Jesús Ruiz-Malagón
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Hidalgo-García
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - María Jesús Rodríguez-Sojo
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - José Alberto Molina-Tijeras
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Federico García
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; Servicio Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, 18100 Granada, Spain; Ciber de Enfermedades Infecciosas, CiberInfecc, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Diez-Echave
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Teresa Vezza
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Patricia Becerra
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, E-18100 Granada, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada E-18016, Spain
| | - Eduardo Redondo-Cerezo
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - José Garrido-Mesa
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - María Elena Rodríguez-Cabezas
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain.
| | - Alba Rodríguez-Nogales
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Gálvez
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Hasler T, Tavares-Gomes L, Gut S, Swayambhu M, Gysi M, Hausmann M, Arora N, Hennet T. Increase of intestinal bacterial sialidase activity exacerbates acute colitis in mice. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1075459. [PMID: 36567940 PMCID: PMC9780602 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1075459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of endogenous and dietary carbohydrates in the gastrointestinal tract influences the composition of the gut microbiota. Carbohydrate foraging requires the action of bacterially-encoded glycoside hydrolases, which release mono- and oligosaccharides taken up as carbon sources by multiple microbial taxa. In addition to providing nutrients to the microbiota, the cleavage of host glycans by bacterial glycoside hydrolases may alter the properties of surface glycoproteins involved in cell adhesion and activation processes in the gut lumen. To investigate the impact of bacterial glycoside hydrolase activities on the gut microbial composition and on host glycans during colon inflammation, we increased local glycoside hydrolase activity by supplementing mice with recombinant E. coli expressing specific sialidase, fucosidase and rhamnosidase enzymes during acute colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium ingestion. Whereas increased fucosidase and rhamnosidase activity did not alter the course of colitis, increased sialidase activity exacerbated disease severity. The effect of increased sialidase activity on inflammation was not caused by changes in the microbial composition given that a similar shift in gut bacteria occurred in all groups of mice supplemented with recombinant E. coli. Increased sialidase activity in the colon of treated mice however significantly altered the distribution of sialic acid on mucosal glycans. Treatment of lamina propria dendritic cells with bacterial sialidase also strongly decreased the density of sialylated ligands to anti-inflammatory siglec lectins, indicating that the remodeling of surface sialylation caused by increased sialidase activity likely accounts for the observed exacerbation of acute colitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Hasler
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Sereina Gut
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Meghna Swayambhu
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mario Gysi
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Natasha Arora
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Hennet
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Thierry Hennet,
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Schuler C, Foti F, Perren L, Mamie C, Weder B, Stokmaier M, de Vallière C, Heuchel R, Ruiz PA, Rogler G, Hausmann M. Deletion of Smad7 Ameliorates Intestinal Inflammation and Contributes to Fibrosis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 29:647-660. [PMID: 36282601 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) express increased mucosal levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β compared with non-IBD controls. SMAD7 negatively regulates TGF-β signaling. An earlier study aiming to target Smad7 showed a lack of clinical benefit. It remains unknown whether inhibition of SMAD7 is beneficial in specific settings of IBD. We evaluated the effect of Smad7 deficiency on inflammation, fibrogenesis, and wound healing. METHODS For the initiation of fibrosis in Smad7-/- (Smad7Δex-I) CD-1 mice, the dextran sodium sulfate-induced chronic colitis model and the heterotopic transplantation model of fibrosis were used. Wound closure of fibroblasts from Smad7-/- mice was determined using culture inserts and electric cell-substrate impedance sensing in vitro. RESULTS In dextran sodium sulfate-induced chronic colitis, Smad7 deficiency was associated with ameliorated inflammation, as evidenced by decreased clinical score, histological score, and myeloperoxidase activity. Absence of SMAD7 decreased T-cell accumulation in colonic tissue and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA expression levels. Smad7-/- mice showed a significant increase in hydroxyproline and collagen content, as well as ColIVa1 mRNA expression. Wild type mice transplanted with terminal ileum from Smad7-/- mice in the heterotopic animal model for intestinal fibrosis showed a significant increase in collagen content and protein expression of α-smooth muscle actin. CONCLUSIONS Smad7 deficiency is associated with a decrease in intestinal inflammation and an increase in fibrosis. Targeting SMAD7 constitutes a potential new treatment option for IBD; progression of disease-associated fibrosis should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordelia Schuler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Federica Foti
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leonie Perren
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Céline Mamie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruce Weder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Stokmaier
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Heuchel
- Pancreas Cancer Research Lab, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Pedro A Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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de Vallière C, Cosin-Roger J, Baebler K, Schoepflin A, Mamie C, Mollet M, Schuler C, Bengs S, Lang S, Scharl M, Seuwen K, Ruiz PA, Hausmann M, Rogler G. pH-Sensing G Protein-Coupled Receptor OGR1 (GPR68) Expression and Activation Increases in Intestinal Inflammation and Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031419. [PMID: 35163345 PMCID: PMC8835966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Local extracellular acidification occurs at sites of inflammation. Proton-sensing ovarian cancer G-protein-coupled receptor 1 (OGR1, also known as GPR68) responds to decreases in extracellular pH. Our previous studies show a role for OGR1 in the pathogenesis of mucosal inflammation, suggesting a link between tissue pH and immune responses. Additionally, pH-dependent signalling is associated with the progression of intestinal fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate OGR1 expression and OGR1-mediated signalling in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our results show that OGR1 expression significantly increased in patients with IBD compared to non-IBD patients, as demonstrated by qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Paired samples from non-inflamed and inflamed intestinal areas of IBD patients showed stronger OGR1 IHC staining in inflamed mucosal segments compared to non-inflamed mucosa. IHC of human surgical samples revealed OGR1 expression in macrophages, granulocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. OGR1-dependent inositol phosphate (IP) production was significantly increased in CD14+ monocytes from IBD patients compared to healthy subjects. Primary human and murine fibroblasts exhibited OGR1-dependent IP formation, RhoA activation, F-actin, and stress fibre formation upon an acidic pH shift. OGR1 expression and signalling increases with IBD disease activity, suggesting an active role of OGR1 in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Katharina Baebler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | | | - Céline Mamie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Michelle Mollet
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Cordelia Schuler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Susan Bengs
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4033 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Pedro A. Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-(0)44-255-2401
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9
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Weder B, Schefer F, van Haaften WT, Patsenker E, Stickel F, Mueller S, Hutter S, Schuler C, Baebler K, Wang Y, Mamie C, Dijkstra G, de Vallière C, Imenez Silva PH, Wagner CA, Frey-Wagner I, Ruiz PA, Seuwen K, Rogler G, Hausmann M. New Therapeutic Approach for Intestinal Fibrosis Through Inhibition of pH-Sensing Receptor GPR4. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:109-125. [PMID: 34320209 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) express increased mucosal levels of pH-sensing receptors compared with non-IBD controls. Acidification leads to angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling. We aimed to determine the expression of pH-sensing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (GPR4) in fibrotic lesions in Crohn's disease (CD) patients. We further evaluated the effect of deficiency in Gpr4 or its pharmacologic inhibition. METHODS Paired samples from fibrotic and nonfibrotic terminal ileum were obtained from CD patients undergoing ileocaecal resection. The effects of Gpr4 deficiency were assessed in the spontaneous Il-10-/- and the chronic dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) murine colitis model. The effects of Gpr4 deficiency and a GPR4 antagonist (39c) were assessed in the heterotopic intestinal transplantation model. RESULTS In human terminal ileum, increased expression of fibrosis markers was accompanied by an increase in GPR4 expression. A positive correlation between the expression of procollagens and GPR4 was observed. In murine disease models, Gpr4 deficiency was associated with a decrease in angiogenesis and fibrogenesis evidenced by decreased vessel length and expression of Edn, Vegfα, and procollagens. The heterotopic animal model for intestinal fibrosis, transplanted with terminal ileum from Gpr4-/- mice, revealed a decrease in mRNA expression of fibrosis markers and a decrease in collagen content and layer thickness compared with grafts from wild type mice. The GPR4 antagonist decreased collagen deposition. The GPR4 expression was also observed in human and murine intestinal fibroblasts. The GPR4 inhibition reduced markers of fibroblast activation stimulated by low pH, notably Acta2 and cTgf. CONCLUSIONS Expression of GPR4 positively correlates with the expression of profibrotic genes and collagen. Deficiency of Gpr4 is associated with a decrease in angiogenesis and fibrogenesis. The GPR4 antagonist decreases collagen deposition. Targeting GPR4 with specific inhibitors may constitute a new treatment option for IBD-associated fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Weder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Schefer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wouter Tobias van Haaften
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Patsenker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Stickel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Mueller
- Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Alcohol Research, Salem Medical Center University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Senta Hutter
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cordelia Schuler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Baebler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Céline Mamie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerard Dijkstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro H Imenez Silva
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland and National Center of Competence in Research Kidney Control of Homeostasis, Switzerland
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland and National Center of Competence in Research Kidney Control of Homeostasis, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Frey-Wagner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Forum1 Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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de Vallière C, Bäbler K, Busenhart P, Schwarzfischer M, Maeyashiki C, Schuler C, Atrott K, Lang S, Spalinger MR, Scharl M, Ruiz-Castro PA, Hausmann M, Rogler G. A Novel OGR1 (GPR68) Inhibitor Attenuates Inflammation in Murine Models of Colitis. Inflamm Intest Dis 2021; 6:140-153. [PMID: 34722644 DOI: 10.1159/000517474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Local extracellular acidification is associated with several conditions, such as ischemia, cancer, metabolic disease, respiratory diseases, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Several recent studies reported a link between IBD and a family of pH-sensing G protein-coupled receptors. Our previous studies point to an essential role for OGR1 (GPR68) in the modulation of intestinal inflammation and fibrosis. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of a novel OGR1 inhibitor in murine models of colitis. Methods The effects of a novel small-molecule OGR1 inhibitor were assessed in the acute and chronic dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) murine models of colitis. Macroscopic disease indicators of intestinal inflammation were evaluated, and epithelial damage and immune cell infiltration and proliferation were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results The OGR1 inhibitor ameliorated clinical parameters in acute and chronic DSS-induced colitis. In mice treated with the OGR1 inhibitor, endoscopy showed no thickening and normal vascularity, while fibrin was not detected. Histopathological findings revealed a decrease in severity of colonic inflammation in the OGR1 inhibitor group when compared to vehicle-DSS controls. In OGR1 inhibitor-treated mice, staining for the macrophage marker F4/80 and cellular proliferation marker Ki-67 revealed a reduction of infiltrating macrophages and slightly enhanced cell proliferation, respectively. This was accompanied by a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF and IL-6, and the fibrosis marker TGF-β1. Conclusion This is the first report providing evidence that a pharmacological inhibition of OGR1 has a therapeutic effect in murine colitis models. Our data suggest that targeting proton-sensing OGR1 using specific small-molecule inhibitors may be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, (USZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Bäbler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, (USZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Busenhart
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, (USZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marlene Schwarzfischer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, (USZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chiaki Maeyashiki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, (USZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cordelia Schuler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, (USZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, (USZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, (USZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne R Spalinger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, (USZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, (USZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A Ruiz-Castro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, (USZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, (USZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, (USZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Yoganathan P, Rossel JB, Jordi SBU, Franc Y, Biedermann L, Misselwitz B, Hausmann M, Rogler G, Scharl M, Frey-Wagner I. Genotype-phenotype associations of polymorphisms within the gene locus of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 in Swiss inflammatory bowel disease patients. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:310. [PMID: 34344313 PMCID: PMC8336111 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01880-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic variations within the regulatory region of the gene encoding NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) have been associated with Crohn’s Disease (CD). NLRP3 is part of the NLRP3-inflammasome that mediates the maturation of IL-1β and IL-18. Carrying the major allele of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs10733113, rs4353135 and rs55646866 is associated with an increased risk for CD. We here studied the impact of these polymorphisms on clinical characteristics in patients of the Swiss IBD Cohort Study (SIBDCS).
Methods We included 981 Crohn’s disease (CD) patients and 690 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients of the SIBDCS. We analyzed whether three CD-associated NLRP3 polymorphisms have an impact on the clinical disease course in these patients.
Results In CD patients presence of the major allele (G) of rs10733113 was associated with less surgeries and lower maximal CDAI and a similar trend was observed for rs55646866 and rs4353135. Presence of the major allele of all three SNPs was negatively correlated to maximal CDAI. In UC patients homozygous genotype for the major allele (CC) for rs55646866 was associated with a higher age at diagnosis and a higher MTWAI index. Homozygous genotype for the major allele of all three polymorphisms was associated with a higher number of ambulatory visits and longer hospital stays. Conclusions In CD patients presence of the major allele of all three polymorphisms was associated with markers of a less severe disease course, while in UC the homozygous genotype for all major alleles suggested a more severe disease activity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-021-01880-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyatharsan Yoganathan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Benoit Rossel
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Bruno Ulrich Jordi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital Bern and Berne University, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Franc
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luc Biedermann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Misselwitz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital Bern and Berne University, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Frey-Wagner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 28/30, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland.
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12
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Popp S, Remm B, Hausmann M, Lührs H, Kaick GV, Cremer T, Cremer C. Towards a cumulative biological dosimeter based on chromosome painting and digital image analysis / Zur Entwicklung eines biologischen Langzeitdosimeters mittels chromosomaler In-situ-Suppressions-Hybridisierung und automatischer Bildanalyse. KERNTECHNIK 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/kern-1990-550407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Simmen S, Maane M, Rogler S, Baebler K, Lang S, Cosin-Roger J, Atrott K, Frey-Wagner I, Spielmann P, Wenger RH, Weder B, Zeitz J, Vavricka SR, Rogler G, de Vallière C, Hausmann M, Ruiz PA. Hypoxia Reduces the Transcription of Fibrotic Markers in the Intestinal Mucosa. Inflamm Intest Dis 2021; 6:87-100. [PMID: 34124180 DOI: 10.1159/000513061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intestinal fibrosis, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, is a common and severe clinical complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the mechanisms underlying fibrosis remain elusive, and currently, there are limited effective pharmacologic treatments that target the development of fibrosis. Hypoxia is one of the key microenvironmental factors influencing intestinal inflammation and has been linked to fibrosis. Objective In the present study, we sought to elucidate the impact of hypoxia on fibrotic gene expression in the intestinal mucosa. Methods Human volunteers, IBD patients, and dextran sulphate sodium-treated mice were exposed to hypoxia, and colonic biopsies were collected. The human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2, human THP-1 macrophages, and primary human gut fibroblasts were subjected to hypoxia, and changes in fibrotic gene expression were assessed. Results Human volunteers subjected to hypoxia presented reduced transcriptional levels of fibrotic and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in the intestinal mucosa. IBD patients showed a trend towards a decrease in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 protein expression. In mice, hypoxic conditions reduced the colonic expression of several collagens and matrix metalloproteinases. Hypoxic Caco-2 cells, THP-1 cells, and primary gut fibroblasts showed a significant downregulation in the expression of fibrotic and tissue remodelling factors. Conclusions Stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors might represent a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of IBD-associated fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Simmen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Max Maane
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katherina Baebler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Frey-Wagner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Partick Spielmann
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland H Wenger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruce Weder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Zeitz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center of Gastroenterology, Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan R Vavricka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Tajfirooz S, Meijer JG, Kuerten JGM, Hausmann M, Fröhlich J, Zeegers JCH. Statistical-learning method for predicting hydrodynamic drag, lift, and pitching torque on spheroidal particles. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:023304. [PMID: 33736076 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.023304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A statistical learning approach is presented to predict the dependency of steady hydrodynamic interactions of thin oblate spheroidal particles on particle orientation and Reynolds number. The conventional empirical correlations that approximate such dependencies are replaced by a neural-network-based correlation which can provide accurate predictions for high-dimensional input spaces occurring in flows with nonspherical particles. By performing resolved simulations of steady uniform flow at 1≤Re≤120 around a 1:10 spheroidal body, a database consisting of Reynolds number- and orientation-dependent drag, lift, and pitching torque acting on the particle is collected. A multilayer perceptron is trained and validated with the generated database. The performance of the neural network is tested in a point-particle simulation of the buoyancy-driven motion of a 1:10 disk. Our statistical approach outperforms existing empirical correlations in terms of accuracy. The agreement between the numerical results and the experimental observations prove the potential of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tajfirooz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - J G Meijer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - J G M Kuerten
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - M Hausmann
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics, Technische Universität Dresden, George-Bähr Strasse 3c, Dresden D-01062, Germany
| | - J Fröhlich
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics, Technische Universität Dresden, George-Bähr Strasse 3c, Dresden D-01062, Germany
| | - J C H Zeegers
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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15
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Maeyashiki C, Melhem H, Hering L, Baebler K, Cosin-Roger J, Schefer F, Weder B, Hausmann M, Scharl M, Rogler G, de Vallière C, Ruiz PA. Activation of pH-Sensing Receptor OGR1 (GPR68) Induces ER Stress Via the IRE1α/JNK Pathway in an Intestinal Epithelial Cell Model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1438. [PMID: 31996710 PMCID: PMC6989664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57657-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton-sensing ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor (OGR1) plays an important role in pH homeostasis. Acidosis occurs at sites of intestinal inflammation and can induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR), an evolutionary mechanism that enables cells to cope with stressful conditions. ER stress activates autophagy, and both play important roles in gut homeostasis and contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Using a human intestinal epithelial cell model, we investigated whether our previously observed protective effects of OGR1 deficiency in experimental colitis are associated with a differential regulation of ER stress, the UPR and autophagy. Caco-2 cells stably overexpressing OGR1 were subjected to an acidic pH shift. pH-dependent OGR1-mediated signalling led to a significant upregulation in the ER stress markers, binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) and phospho-inositol required 1α (IRE1α), which was reversed by a novel OGR1 inhibitor and a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor. Proton-activated OGR1-mediated signalling failed to induce apoptosis, but triggered accumulation of total microtubule-associated protein 1 A/1B-light chain 3, suggesting blockage of late stage autophagy. Our results show novel functions for OGR1 in the regulation of ER stress through the IRE1α-JNK signalling pathway, as well as blockage of autophagosomal degradation. OGR1 inhibition might represent a novel therapeutic approach in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Maeyashiki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hassan Melhem
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Larissa Hering
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Baebler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Schefer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruce Weder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Pedro A Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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16
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Raselli T, Wyss A, Gonzalez Alvarado MN, Weder B, Mamie C, Spalinger MR, Van Haaften WT, Dijkstra G, Sailer AW, Imenez Silva PH, Wagner CA, Tosevski V, Leibl S, Scharl M, Rogler G, Hausmann M, Misselwitz B. The Oxysterol Synthesising Enzyme CH25H Contributes to the Development of Intestinal Fibrosis. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13:1186-1200. [PMID: 31220227 PMCID: PMC6751338 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis and stenosis are common complications of Crohn's disease [CD], frequently requiring surgery. Anti-inflammatory strategies can only partially prevent fibrosis; hence, anti-fibrotic therapies remain an unmet clinical need. Oxysterols are oxidised cholesterol derivatives with important roles in various biological processes. The enzyme cholesterol 25-hydroxylase [CH25H] converts cholesterol to 25-hydroxycholesterol [25-HC], which modulates immune responses and oxidative stress. In human intestinal samples from CD patients, we found a strong correlation of CH25H mRNA expression with the expression of fibrosis markers. We demonstrate reduced intestinal fibrosis in mice deficient for the CH25H enzyme, using the sodium dextran sulphate [DSS]-induced chronic colitis model. Additionally, using a heterotopic transplantation model of intestinal fibrosis, we demonstrate reduced collagen deposition and lower concentrations of hydroxyproline in CH25H knockouts. In the heterotopic transplant model, CH25H was expressed in fibroblasts. Taken together, our findings indicate an involvement of oxysterol synthesis in the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Raselli
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Wyss
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M N Gonzalez Alvarado
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Weder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Mamie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M R Spalinger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - W T Van Haaften
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - G Dijkstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A W Sailer
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - C A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - V Tosevski
- Mass Cytometry Facility, Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Leibl
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich and Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Misselwitz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland
- Corresponding author: Dr. Benjamin Misselwitz, Dept. of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital Bern and Bern University, Freiburgstr 18, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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17
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Weder B, Mozaffari M, Biedermann L, Mamie C, Moncsek A, Wang L, Clarke SH, Rogler G, McRae BL, Graff CL, Ruiz PA, Hausmann M. BCL-2 levels do not predict azathioprine treatment response in inflammatory bowel disease, but inhibition induces lymphocyte apoptosis and ameliorates colitis in mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 193:346-360. [PMID: 29745420 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), inflammation is sustained by an exaggerated response of lymphocytes. This results from enhanced expression of anti-apoptotic B cell lymphoma (BCL-2) and BCL-XL associated with a diminished turnover. Azathioprine (AZA) directly targets BCL-2 family-mediated apoptosis. We investigated whether the BCL-2 family expression pattern could be used to predict treatment response to AZA and determined whether BCL-2 inhibitor A-1211212 effectively diminishes lymphocytes and ameliorates inflammation in a model of colitis. BCL-2 family expression pattern was determined by next-generation sequencing (NGS). BCL-2 inhibitor was administered orally to Il10-/- mice. Haematological analyses were performed with an ADVIA 2120 and changes in immune cells were investigated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). We determined similar expression levels of BCL-2 family members in patients with remission and patients refractory to treatment, showing that BCL-2 family expression can not predict AZA treatment response. Expression was not correlated with the modified Truelove and Witts activity index (MTWAI). BCL-2 inhibitor initiated cell death in T cells from patients refractory to AZA and reduced lymphocyte count in Il10-/- mice. FACS revealed diminished CD8+ T cells upon BCL-2 inhibitor in Il10-/- mice without influencing platelets. Tnf, Il1β, IfnƔ and Mcp-1 were decreased upon BCL-2 inhibitor. A-1211212 positively altered the colonic mucosa and ameliorated inflammation in mice. Pro-apoptotic BCL-2 inhibitor A-1211212 diminishes lymphocytes and ameliorates colitis in Il10-/- mice without inducing thrombocytopenia. BCL-2 inhibition could be a new therapy option for patients refractory to AZA.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Weder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Mozaffari
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Biedermann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Mamie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Moncsek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Wang
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - S H Clarke
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - G Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B L McRae
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - C L Graff
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - P A Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Grabinger T, Glaus Garzon JF, Hausmann M, Geirnaert A, Lacroix C, Hennet T. Alleviation of Intestinal Inflammation by Oral Supplementation With 2-Fucosyllactose in Mice. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1385. [PMID: 31275292 PMCID: PMC6593069 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk oligosaccharides exert a prebiotic action that contributes to the development of the infant gut microbiota during lactation. Given that milk oligosaccharides remain intact after passage through stomach and small intestine, they can potentially influence the composition of the gut microbiota when ingested as dietary supplements after weaning. To address the regulatory effects of specific oligosaccharides in colitis linked to the microbiota composition, we have supplemented interleukin-10 null (Il10 -/-) mice with four fucosylated and sialylated oligosaccharides. We found that oral supplementation with 2-fucosyllactose significantly decreased the severity of colitis as displayed by reduced inflammatory marker expression, histological and diarrhea scores, an increased epithelial integrity and less pronounced colon shortening. Oral supplementation with 2-fucosyllactose led to a marked expansion of the commensal Ruminococcus gnavus, which was accompanied by an enhanced cecal concentration of propionate. Decreased activation of immune cells by R. gnavus was confirmed by reconstitution of antibiotic-treated Il10 -/- mice and by stimulation of dendritic cells in vitro. This study demonstrates that post-weaning administration of specific oligosaccharides can shift the composition of the gut microbiota to lessen chronic inflammation as observed in Il10 -/- mice. The expansion of R. gnavus sets a positive microbial environment at the cost of pro-inflammatory Gram-negative bacteria, thereby lowering intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grabinger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich - University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annelies Geirnaert
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Lacroix
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Hennet
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Rogler G, Hausmann M. The long and winding road: from genetic risk factors to the understanding of disease-pathogenesis in Crohn's disease. Genes Immun 2019; 20:607-608. [PMID: 30773533 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-019-0060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Hutter S, van Haaften WT, Hünerwadel A, Baebler K, Herfarth N, Raselli T, Mamie C, Misselwitz B, Rogler G, Weder B, Dijkstra G, Meier CF, de Vallière C, Weber A, Imenez Silva PH, Wagner CA, Frey-Wagner I, Ruiz PA, Hausmann M. Intestinal Activation of pH-Sensing Receptor OGR1 [GPR68] Contributes to Fibrogenesis. J Crohns Colitis 2018; 12:1348-1358. [PMID: 30165600 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS pH-sensing ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor-1 [OGR1/GPR68] is regulated by key inflammatory cytokines. Patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases [IBDs] express increased mucosal levels of OGR1 compared with non-IBD controls. pH-sensing may be relevant for progression of fibrosis, as extracellular acidification leads to fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix remodelling. We aimed to determine OGR1 expression in fibrotic lesions in the intestine of Crohn's disease [CD] patients, and the effect of Ogr1 deficiency in fibrogenesis. METHODS Human fibrotic and non-fibrotic terminal ileum was obtained from CD patients undergoing ileocaecal resection due to stenosis. Gene expression of fibrosis markers and pH-sensing receptors was analysed. For the initiation of fibrosis in vivo, spontaneous colitis by Il10-/-, dextran sodium sulfate [DSS]-induced chronic colitis and the heterotopic intestinal transplantation model were used. RESULTS Increased expression of fibrosis markers was accompanied by an increase in OGR1 [2.71 ± 0.69 vs 1.18 ± 0.03, p = 0.016] in fibrosis-affected human terminal ileum, compared with the non-fibrotic resection margin. Positive correlation between OGR1 expression and pro-fibrotic cytokines [TGFB1 and CTGF] and pro-collagens was observed. The heterotopic animal model for intestinal fibrosis transplanted with terminal ileum from Ogr1-/- mice showed a decrease in mRNA expression of fibrosis markers as well as a decrease in collagen layer thickness and hydroxyproline compared with grafts from wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS OGR1 expression was correlated with increased expression levels of pro-fibrotic genes and collagen deposition. Ogr1 deficiency was associated with a decrease in fibrosis formation. Targeting OGR1 may be a potential new treatment option for IBD-associated fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senta Hutter
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wouter T van Haaften
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Hünerwadel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Baebler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Neel Herfarth
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tina Raselli
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Céline Mamie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Misselwitz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bruce Weder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gerard Dijkstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal Florence Meier
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Achim Weber
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro H Imenez Silva
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Kidney Control of Homeostasis, Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Frey-Wagner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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21
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Simmen S, Cosin-Roger J, Melhem H, Maliachovas N, Maane M, Baebler K, Weder B, Maeyashiki C, Spanaus K, Scharl M, de Vallière C, Zeitz J, Vavricka SR, Hausmann M, Rogler G, Ruiz PA. Iron Prevents Hypoxia-Associated Inflammation Through the Regulation of Nuclear Factor-κB in the Intestinal Epithelium. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 7:339-355. [PMID: 30704983 PMCID: PMC6357696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hypoxia-associated pathways influence the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Adaptive responses to hypoxia are mediated through hypoxia-inducible factors, which are regulated by iron-dependent hydroxylases. Signals reflecting oxygen tension and iron levels in enterocytes regulate iron metabolism. Conversely, iron availability modulates responses to hypoxia. In the present study we sought to elucidate how iron influences the responses to hypoxia in the intestinal epithelium. METHODS Human subjects were exposed to hypoxia, and colonic biopsy specimens and serum samples were collected. HT-29, Caco-2, and T84 cells were subjected to normoxia or hypoxia in the presence of iron or the iron chelator deferoxamine. Changes in inflammatory gene expression and signaling were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed using antibodies against nuclear factor (NF)-κB and primers for the promoter of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)1β. RESULTS Human subjects presented reduced levels of ferritin in the intestinal epithelium after hypoxia. Hypoxia reduced iron deprivation-associated TNF and IL1β expression in HT-29 cells through the induction of autophagy. Contrarily, hypoxia triggered TNF and IL1β expression, and NF-κB activation in Caco-2 and T84 cells. Iron blocked autophagy in Caco-2 cells, while reducing hypoxia-associated TNF and IL1β expression through the inhibition of NF-κB binding to the promoter of TNF and IL1β. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia promotes iron mobilization from the intestinal epithelium. Hypoxia-associated autophagy reduces inflammatory processes in HT-29 cells. In Caco-2 cells, iron uptake is essential to counteract hypoxia-induced inflammation. Iron mobilization into enterocytes may be a vital protective mechanism in the hypoxic inflamed mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Simmen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hassan Melhem
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Maliachovas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Max Maane
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Baebler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruce Weder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chiaki Maeyashiki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Spanaus
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Zeitz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Center of Gastroenterology, Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan R. Vavricka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A. Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Pedro A. Ruiz-Castro, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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22
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Hünerwadel A, Fagagnini S, Rogler G, Lutz C, Jaeger SU, Mamie C, Weder B, Ruiz PA, Hausmann M. Severity of local inflammation does not impact development of fibrosis in mouse models of intestinal fibrosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15182. [PMID: 30315190 PMCID: PMC6185984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is thought to be a consequence of excessive tissue repair, and constitutes a common problem in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). While fibrosis seems to require inflammation as a prerequisite it is unclear whether the severity or persistence of inflammation influences the degree of fibrosis. Our aim was to investigate the role of sustained inflammation in fibrogenesis. For the initiation of fibrosis in vivo the models of Il10−/− spontaneous colitis, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced chronic colitis and heterotopic transplantation were used. In Il10−/− mice, we determined a positive correlation between expression of pro-inflammatory factors (Il1β, Tnf, Ifnγ, Mcp1 and Il6). We also found a positive correlation between the expression of pro-fibrotic factors (Col3a1 Col1a1, Tgfβ and αSma). In contrast, no significant correlation was determined between the expression of pro-inflammatory Tnf and pro-fibrotic αSma, Col1a1, Col3a1, collagen layer thickness and the hydroxyproline (HYP) content. Results from the DSS-induced chronic colitis model confirmed this finding. In the transplantation model for intestinal fibrosis a pronounced increase in Mcp1, inos and Il6 in Il10−/− as compared to WT grafts was observed, indicating more severe inflammation in Il10−/− grafts. However, the increase of collagen over time was virtually identical in both Il10−/− and WT grafts. Severity of inflammation during onset of fibrogenesis did not correlate with collagen deposition. Although inflammation might be a pre-requisite for the initiation of fibrosis our data suggest that it has a minor impact on the progression of fibrosis. Our results suggest that development of fibrosis and inflammation may be disconnected. This may be important for explaining the inefficacy of anti-inflammatory treatments agents in most cases of fibrotic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hünerwadel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Fagagnini
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Lutz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S U Jaeger
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Mamie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Weder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P A Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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23
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrosis in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) results from an imbalance toward excessive fibrous tissue formation driven by fibroblasts. Activation of fibroblasts is linked to the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) family, which is involved in the induction of apoptosis. We investigated the impact of BCL2 repression on fibrogenesis. METHODS The model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced chronic colitis and the heterotopic transplantation model of fibrosis were used. Following the administration of the BCL2 antagonist (ABT-737, 50 mg/kg/d), collagen layer thickness and hydroxyproline (HYP) content were determined. Fibroblasts were stimulated with the BCL2 antagonist (0.01-100 µM). BCL2, alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA), and collagen I (COL1A1) were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunofluorescence microscopy (IF), and western blot (WB). mRNA expression pattern was determined by next-generation sequencing (NGS). RESULTS Collagen layer thickness was significantly decreased in both DSS-induced chronic colitis and the transplantation model of fibrosis upon BCL2 antagonist administration compared with vehicle. Decreased HYP content confirmed the preventive effects of the BCL2 antagonist on fibrosis. In vitro, a significant increase in PI+/annexin V+ human colonic fibroblasts was determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting upon treatment with high-dose BCL2 antagonist; at a lower dose, αSMA, COL1A1, and TGF were decreased. NGS, IF, and qPCR revealed decreased expression and nuclear translocation of GATA6 and SOX9, known for reprogramming fibroblasts. CONCLUSION BCL2 antagonist administration partially prevented fibrogenesis in both fibrosis models. The BCL2 antagonist reduced the expression of TGFβ-induced factors involved in differentiation of myofibroblasts, and therefore might represent a potential treatment option against CD-associated fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Weder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Céline Mamie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Clarke
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Bradford McRae
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Pedro A Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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24
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Tarasov OB, Ahn DS, Bazin D, Fukuda N, Gade A, Hausmann M, Inabe N, Ishikawa S, Iwasa N, Kawata K, Komatsubara T, Kubo T, Kusaka K, Morrissey DJ, Ohtake M, Otsu H, Portillo M, Sakakibara T, Sakurai H, Sato H, Sherrill BM, Shimizu Y, Stolz A, Sumikama T, Suzuki H, Takeda H, Thoennessen M, Ueno H, Yanagisawa Y, Yoshida K. Discovery of ^{60}Ca and Implications For the Stability of ^{70}Ca. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:022501. [PMID: 30085743 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.022501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the important neutron-rich nucleus _{20}^{60}Ca_{40} and seven others near the limits of nuclear stability is reported from the fragmentation of a 345 MeV/u ^{70}Zn projectile beam on ^{9}Be targets at the radioactive ion-beam factory of the RIKEN Nishina Center. The produced fragments were analyzed and unambiguously identified using the BigRIPS two-stage in-flight separator. The eight new neutron-rich nuclei discovered, ^{47}P, ^{49}S, ^{52}Cl, ^{54}Ar, ^{57}K, ^{59,60}Ca, and ^{62}Sc, are the most neutron-rich isotopes of the respective elements. In addition, one event consistent with ^{59}K was registered. The results are compared with the drip lines predicted by a variety of mass models and it is found that the models in best agreement with the observed limits of existence in the explored region tend to predict the even-mass Ca isotopes to be bound out to at least ^{70}Ca.
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Affiliation(s)
- O B Tarasov
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - D S Ahn
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - D Bazin
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - N Fukuda
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - A Gade
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M Hausmann
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - N Inabe
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Ishikawa
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-aza-aoba, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - N Iwasa
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-aza-aoba, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - K Kawata
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Komatsubara
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Kubo
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - K Kusaka
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - D J Morrissey
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M Ohtake
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Otsu
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Portillo
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T Sakakibara
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-aza-aoba, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - H Sakurai
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Sato
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - B M Sherrill
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Y Shimizu
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - A Stolz
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T Sumikama
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Suzuki
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Takeda
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Thoennessen
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - H Ueno
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Yanagisawa
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - K Yoshida
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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25
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Wang Y, de Vallière C, Imenez Silva PH, Leonardi I, Gruber S, Gerstgrasser A, Melhem H, Weber A, Leucht K, Wolfram L, Hausmann M, Krieg C, Thomasson K, Boyman O, Frey-Wagner I, Rogler G, Wagner CA. The Proton-activated Receptor GPR4 Modulates Intestinal Inflammation. J Crohns Colitis 2018; 12:355-368. [PMID: 29136128 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS During active inflammation, intraluminal intestinal pH is decreased in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Acidic pH may play a role in IBD pathophysiology. Recently, proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptors were identified, including GPR4, OGR1 [GPR68], and TDAG8 [GPR65]. We investigated whether GPR4 is involved in intestinal inflammation. METHODS The role of GPR4 was assessed in murine colitis models by chronic dextran sulphate sodium [DSS] administration and by cross-breeding into an IL-10 deficient background for development of spontaneous colitis. Colitis severity was assessed by body weight, colonoscopy, colon length, histological score, cytokine mRNA expression, and myeloperoxidase [MPO] activity. In the spontaneous Il-10-/- colitis model, the incidence of rectal prolapse and characteristics of lamina propria leukocytes [LPLs] were analysed. RESULTS Gpr4-/- mice showed reduced body weight loss and histology score after induction of chronic DSS colitis. In Gpr4-/-/Il-10-/- double knock-outs, the onset and progression of rectal prolapse were significantly delayed and mitigated compared with Gpr4+/+/Il-10-/- mice. Double knock-out mice showed lower histology scores, MPO activity, CD4+ T helper cell infiltration, IFN-γ, iNOS, MCP-1 [CCL2], CXCL1, and CXCL2 expression compared with controls. In colon, GPR4 mRNA was detected in endothelial cells, some smooth muscle cells, and some macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Absence of GPR4 ameliorates colitis in IBD animal models, indicating an important regulatory role in mucosal inflammation, thus providing a new link between tissue pH and the immune system. Therapeutic inhibition of GPR4 may be beneficial for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Irina Leonardi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sven Gruber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Gerstgrasser
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hassan Melhem
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Achim Weber
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Leucht
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lutz Wolfram
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Krieg
- Laboratory of Applied Immunobiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Koray Thomasson
- Laboratory of Applied Immunobiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Laboratory of Applied Immunobiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Frey-Wagner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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26
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Cosin-Roger J, Spalinger MR, Ruiz PA, Stanzel C, Terhalle A, Wolfram L, Melhem H, Atrott K, Lang S, Frey-Wagner I, Fried M, Scharl M, Hausmann M, Rogler G. Gp96 deficiency affects TLR4 functionality and impairs ERK and p38 phosphorylation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193003. [PMID: 29447283 PMCID: PMC5814018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gp96 is an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone for multiple protein substrates. Its lack in intestinal macrophages of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients is correlated with loss of tolerance against the host gut flora. Gp96 has been stablished to be an essential chaperone for Toll-like receptors (TLRs). We studied the impact of gp96-knockdown on TLR-function in macrophages. TLR2 and TLR4 expression was only decreased but not abolished when gp96 was knocked-down in cell lines, whereas in a monocyte/macrophage specific knock-out mouse model (LysMCre) TLR4 was abolished, while TLR2 was still present. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NF-κB activation was still observed in the absence of gp96, and gp96-deficient macrophages were able to up-regulate surface TLR4 upon LPS treatment, suggesting that there is another chaperone involved in the folding of TLR4 upon stress responses. Moreover, LPS-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokines were still expressed, although to a lesser extent in the absence of gp96, which reinforces the fact that gp96 is involved in regulating signaling cascades downstream of TLR4 are impaired upon loss of gp96. In addition, we have also found a reduced phosphorylation of ERK and p38 kinases and an impaired response upon CSF1R activation in gp96 deficient macrophages. Our findings indicate that the loss of gp96 not only impairs TLR4 signaling, but is also associated with a diminished phosphorylation of ERK and mitogen-activated stress kinases resulting in an impaired signalling through several receptors, including CSF1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne R. Spalinger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A. Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Stanzel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Terhalle
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lutz Wolfram
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hassan Melhem
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Frey-Wagner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Fried
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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27
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Lutz C, Weder B, Hünerwadel A, Fagagnini S, Lang B, Beerenwinkel N, Rossel JB, Rogler G, Misselwitz B, Hausmann M. Myeloid differentiation primary response gene (MyD) 88 signalling is not essential for intestinal fibrosis development. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17678. [PMID: 29247242 PMCID: PMC5732165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17755-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the immune response to microbiota is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which can trigger intestinal fibrosis. MyD88 is a key component of microbiota signalling but its influence on intestinal fibrosis has not been clarified. Small bowel resections from donor-mice were transplanted subcutaneously into the neck of recipients C57BL/6 B6-MyD88tm1 Aki (MyD88-/-) and C57BL/6-Tg(UBC-green fluorescence protein (GFP))30Scha/J (GFP-Tg). Grafts were explanted up to 21 days after transplantation. Collagen layer thickness was determined using Sirius Red stained slides. In the mouse model of fibrosis collagen deposition and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) expression was equal in MyD88+/+ and MyD88-/-, indicating that MyD88 was not essential for fibrogenesis. Matrix metalloproteinase (Mmp)9 expression was significantly decreased in grafts transplanted into MyD88-/- recipients compared to MyD88+/+ recipients (0.2 ± 0.1 vs. 153.0 ± 23.1, respectively, p < 0.05), similarly recruitment of neutrophils was significantly reduced (16.3 ± 4.5 vs. 25.4 ± 3.1, respectively, p < 0.05). Development of intestinal fibrosis appears to be independent of MyD88 signalling indicating a minor role of bacterial wall compounds in the process which is in contrast to published concepts and theories. Development of fibrosis appears to be uncoupled from acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lutz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Weder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Hünerwadel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Fagagnini
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Lang
- Department of Biosystems Sciences and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - N Beerenwinkel
- Department of Biosystems Sciences and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J B Rossel
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Misselwitz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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Cosin-Roger J, Simmen S, Melhem H, Atrott K, Frey-Wagner I, Hausmann M, de Vallière C, Spalinger MR, Spielmann P, Wenger RH, Zeitz J, Vavricka SR, Rogler G, Ruiz PA. Hypoxia ameliorates intestinal inflammation through NLRP3/mTOR downregulation and autophagy activation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:98. [PMID: 28740109 PMCID: PMC5524634 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia regulates autophagy and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain receptor, pyrin domain containing (NLRP)3, two innate immune mechanisms linked by mutual regulation and associated to IBD. Here we show that hypoxia ameliorates inflammation during the development of colitis by modulating autophagy and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/NLRP3 pathway. Hypoxia significantly reduces tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-6 and NLRP3 expression, and increases the turnover of the autophagy protein p62 in colon biopsies of Crohn’s disease patients, and in samples from dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice and Il-10−/− mice. In vitro, NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 expression are reduced through hypoxia-induced autophagy. We also identify NLRP3 as a novel binding partner of mTOR. Dimethyloxalylglycine-mediated hydroxylase inhibition ameliorates colitis in mice, downregulates NLRP3 and promotes autophagy. We suggest that hypoxia counteracts inflammation through the downregulation of the binding of mTOR and NLRP3 and activation of autophagy. Hypoxia and HIF-1α activation are protective in mouse models of colitis, and the latter regulates autophagy. Here Cosin-Roger et al. show that hypoxia ameliorates intestinal inflammation in Crohn’s patients and murine colitis models by inhibiting mTOR/NLRP3 pathway and promoting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simona Simmen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hassan Melhem
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Frey-Wagner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne R Spalinger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Spielmann
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland H Wenger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Zeitz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan R Vavricka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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30
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Abstract
The concepts on the pathophysiology of intestinal fibrosis in Crohn’s disease (CD) have changed in recent years. Some years ago fibrosis was regarded to be a consequence of long-standing inflammation with subsequent destruction of the gut wall matrix followed by scar formation and collagen deposition. Fibrosis in CD patients appeared to be an irreversible process that could hardly be influenced. Therefore, the main target in CD therapy was to control inflammation to avoid fibrosis development. Many of these assumptions seem to be only partially true. Inflammation may be a necessary prerequisite for the initiation of fibrosis. However, when the pathophysiologic processes that lead to fibrosis in CD patients have been initiated fibrosis development may be independent of inflammation and may continue even when inflammation is under good medical control. Fibrosis in CD also may be reversible. After strictureplasty local collagen deposits decrease or even disappear. With new animal models for intestinal fibrosis on the horizon, we need to spend more efforts on understanding the factors influencing fibrosis in CD patients to finally find specific therapies. In this context, it will be as important to find markers and quantitative imaging tools to have reliable endpoints for clinical trials in fibrosing CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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31
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Ruiz PA, Morón B, Becker HM, Lang S, Atrott K, Spalinger MR, Scharl M, Wojtal KA, Fischbeck-Terhalle A, Frey-Wagner I, Hausmann M, Kraemer T, Rogler G. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles exacerbate DSS-induced colitis: role of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Gut 2017; 66:1216-1224. [PMID: 26848183 PMCID: PMC5530483 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Western lifestyle and diet are major environmental factors playing a role in the development of IBD. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are widely used as food additives or in pharmaceutical formulations and are consumed by millions of people on a daily basis. We investigated the effects of TiO2 in the development of colitis and the role of the nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain receptor, pyrin domain containing (NLRP)3 inflammasome. DESIGN Wild-type and NLRP3-deficient mice with dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis were orally administered with TiO2 nanoparticles. The proinflammatory effects of TiO2 particles in cultured human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and macrophages were also studied, as well as the ability of TiO2 crystals to traverse IEC monolayers and accumulate in the blood of patients with IBD using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS Oral administration of TiO2 nanoparticles worsened acute colitis through a mechanism involving the NLRP3 inflammasome. Importantly, crystals were found to accumulate in spleen of TiO2-administered mice. In vitro, TiO2 particles were taken up by IECs and macrophages and triggered NLRP3-ASC-caspase-1 assembly, caspase-1 cleavage and the release of NLRP3-associated interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. TiO2 also induced reactive oxygen species generation and increased epithelial permeability in IEC monolayers. Increased levels of titanium were found in blood of patients with UC having active disease. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that individuals with a defective intestinal barrier function and pre-existing inflammatory condition, such as IBD, might be negatively impacted by the use of TiO2 nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Ruiz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Belen Morón
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helen M Becker
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne R Spalinger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kacper A Wojtal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Isabelle Frey-Wagner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kraemer
- Department of Forensic Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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32
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Seignères B, Descamps F, Croise R, Barlet V, Bouvier-Alias M, Chevaliez S, Pawlotsky JM, Abdelhady W, Rafik M, Avellon AM, Echevarria JM, Hausmann M, Dugua JM. Multicenter clinical evaluation of the new 3rd generation assay for detection of antibodies against hepatitis C virus on the VIDAS(®) system. J Clin Virol 2016; 78:20-6. [PMID: 26962723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detection of antibodies (anti-HCV) against hepatitis C virus (HCV) is indispensable for screening and diagnosis of viral hepatitis and for the viral safety of blood, tissue or organ donations. It gains additional importance by the new HCV drugs which improve the therapeutic possibilities dramatically. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of a newly developed immune assay for anti-HCV based on the well-established VIDAS platform. STUDY DESIGN The assay was evaluated with samples from anti-HCV negative blood donors and from patients with or without HCV markers in six centres in France, Spain and Egypt. The status of the samples was determined by using CE-marked immune assays (Architect, AxSym, Prism, Vitros), two immunoblots (RIBA, Inno-Lia) and/or HCV RNA results. RESULTS Specificity was 99.67% in 10,320 French blood donors without anti-HCV, 99.5% in 200 anti-HCV negative hospitalized European patients and 99.0% in 198 negative patients from Egypt. Sensitivity was 99.7% in 1054 patients pretested positive by other assays; 345 patients with known genotype had genotype 1-6; 61 patients were co-infected with HIV. VIDAS was reactive in 78% of 91 patients with uncertain or very weak anti-HCV. It became on average positive at day 37 with seroconversion panels. CONCLUSIONS This multicentric, international study with >12,000 samples show that the new VIDAS anti-HCV assay is very suitable for screening and confirmation of HCV infection. Sensitivity, specificity and recognition of seroconversion compare favorably with well-established CE-marked tests and help to clarify discrepant results obtained with other assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Seignères
- bioMérieux, R&D Immunoassays, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
| | | | - R Croise
- EFS Rhône-Alpes, Metz-Tessy, France
| | - V Barlet
- EFS Rhône-Alpes, Metz-Tessy, France
| | - M Bouvier-Alias
- National Reference Center for Viral Hepatitis B, C and Delta, Department of Virology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Université Paris-Est, INSERM U955, Créteil, France
| | - S Chevaliez
- National Reference Center for Viral Hepatitis B, C and Delta, Department of Virology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Université Paris-Est, INSERM U955, Créteil, France
| | - J M Pawlotsky
- National Reference Center for Viral Hepatitis B, C and Delta, Department of Virology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Université Paris-Est, INSERM U955, Créteil, France
| | - W Abdelhady
- Clinical Pathology Department, Ain Shams Faculty of Medecine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Rafik
- Clinical Pathology Department, Ain Shams Faculty of Medecine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A M Avellon
- National Centre of Microbiology, Department of Virology, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - J M Echevarria
- National Centre of Microbiology, Department of Virology, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - M Hausmann
- bioMérieux, R&D Immunoassays, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - J-M Dugua
- bioMérieux, R&D Immunoassays, Marcy l'Etoile, France
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Stuhlmüller M, Schwarz-Finsterle J, Fey E, Lux J, Bach M, Cremer C, Hinderhofer K, Hausmann M, Hildenbrand G. In situ optical sequencing and structure analysis of a trinucleotide repeat genome region by localization microscopy after specific COMBO-FISH nano-probing. Nanoscale 2015; 7:17938-17946. [PMID: 26463479 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04141d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Trinucleotide repeat expansions (like (CGG)n) of chromatin in the genome of cell nuclei can cause neurological disorders such as for example the Fragile-X syndrome. Until now the mechanisms are not clearly understood as to how these expansions develop during cell proliferation. Therefore in situ investigations of chromatin structures on the nanoscale are required to better understand supra-molecular mechanisms on the single cell level. By super-resolution localization microscopy (Spectral Position Determination Microscopy; SPDM) in combination with nano-probing using COMBO-FISH (COMBinatorial Oligonucleotide FISH), novel insights into the nano-architecture of the genome will become possible. The native spatial structure of trinucleotide repeat expansion genome regions was analysed and optical sequencing of repetitive units was performed within 3D-conserved nuclei using SPDM after COMBO-FISH. We analysed a (CGG)n-expansion region inside the 5' untranslated region of the FMR1 gene. The number of CGG repeats for a full mutation causing the Fragile-X syndrome was found and also verified by Southern blot. The FMR1 promotor region was similarly condensed like a centromeric region whereas the arrangement of the probes labelling the expansion region seemed to indicate a loop-like nano-structure. These results for the first time demonstrate that in situ chromatin structure measurements on the nanoscale are feasible. Due to further methodological progress it will become possible to estimate the state of trinucleotide repeat mutations in detail and to determine the associated chromatin strand structural changes on the single cell level. In general, the application of the described approach to any genome region will lead to new insights into genome nano-architecture and open new avenues for understanding mechanisms and their relevance in the development of heredity diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stuhlmüller
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Marroquin Belaunzaran O, Kleber S, Schauer S, Hausmann M, Nicholls F, Van den Broek M, Payeli S, Ciurea A, Milling S, Stenner F, Shaw J, Kollnberger S, Bowness P, Petrausch U, Renner C. HLA-B27-Homodimer-Specific Antibody Modulates the Expansion of Pro-Inflammatory T-Cells in HLA-B27 Transgenic Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130811. [PMID: 26125554 PMCID: PMC4488392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives HLA-B27 is a common genetic risk factor for the development of Spondyloarthritides (SpA). HLA-B27 can misfold to form cell-surface heavy chain homodimers (B272) and induce pro-inflammatory responses that may lead to SpA pathogenesis. The presence of B272 can be detected on leukocytes of HLA-B27+ Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients and HLA-B27 transgenic rats. We characterized a novel B272–specific monoclonal antibody to study its therapeutic use in HLA-B27 associated disorders. Methods The monoclonal HD5 antibody was selected from a phage library to target cell-surface B272 homodimers and characterized for affinity, specificity and ligand binding. The immune modulating effect of HD5 was tested in HLA-B27 transgenic rats. Onset and progression of disease profiles were monitored during therapy. Cell-surface B272 and expansion of pro-inflammatory cells from blood, spleen and draining lymph nodes were assessed by flow cytometry. Results HD5 bound B272 with high specificity and affinity (Kd = 0.32 nM). HD5 blocked cell-surface interaction of B272 with immune regulatory receptors KIR3DL2, LILRB2 and Pirb. In addition, HD5 modulated the production of TNF from CD4+ T-cells by limiting B272 interactions in vitro. In an HLA-B27 transgenic rat model repetitive dosing of HD5 reduced the expansion of pro-inflammatory CD4+ T-cells, and decreased the levels of soluble TNF and number of cell-surface B272 molecules. Conclusion HD5 predominantly inhibits early TNF production and expansion of pro-inflammatory CD4+ T-cells in HLA-B27 transgenic rats. Monoclonal antibodies targeting cell-surface B272 propose a new concept for the modulation of inflammatory responses in HLA-B27 related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sascha Kleber
- Division of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schauer
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich / University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Flora Nicholls
- Central Biological Laboratory, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Sravan Payeli
- Division of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Ciurea
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Milling
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Stenner
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jackie Shaw
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Kollnberger
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Bowness
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ulf Petrausch
- Division of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Renner
- Division of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Lutz C, Mozaffari M, Tosevski V, Caj M, Cippà P, McRae BL, Graff CL, Rogler G, Fried M, Hausmann M. Increased lymphocyte apoptosis in mouse models of colitis upon ABT-737 treatment is dependent upon BIM expression. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 181:343-56. [PMID: 25845418 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Exaggerated activation of lymphocytes contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Medical therapies are linked to the BCL-2 family-mediated apoptosis. Imbalance in BCL-2 family proteins may cause failure in therapeutic responses. We investigated the role of BCL-2 inhibitor ABT-737 for lymphocyte apoptosis in mice under inflammatory conditions. B.6129P2-interleukin (IL)-10(tm1Cgn) /J (IL-10(-/-) ) weighing 25-30 g with ongoing colitis were used. Fifty mg/kg/day ABT-737 was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.). Haematological analyses were performed with an ADVIA 2120 flow cytometer and mass cytometry with a CyTOF 2. Following i.p. administration, ABT-737 was detected in both spontaneous and acute colitis in peripheral blood (PBL) and colon tissue. Treatment led to lymphopenia. CD4(+) CD44(+) CD62L(+) central memory and CD8(+) , CD44(+) CD62L(-) central memory T cells were decreased in PBL upon ABT-737 compared to vehicle-receiving controls. Increased apoptosis upon ABT-737 was determined in blood lymphocytes, splenocytes and Peyer's patches and was accompanied by a decrease in TNF and IL-1B. ABT-737 positively altered the colonic mucosa and ameliorated inflammation, as shown by colonoscopy, histology and colon length. A decreased BIM/BCL-2 ratio or absence of BIM in both Bim(-) (/) (-) and Il10(-) (/) (-) × Bim(-) (/) (-) impeded the protective effect of ABT-737. The BIM/BCL-2 ratio decreased with age and during the course of treatment. Thus, long-term treatment resulted in adapted TNF levels and macroscopic mucosal damage. ABT-737 was efficacious in diminishing lymphocytes and ameliorating colitis in a BIM-dependent manner. Regulation of inappropriate survival of lymphocytes by ABT-737 may provide a therapeutic strategy in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lutz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich
| | - M Mozaffari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich
| | - V Tosevski
- Flow Cytometry Facility, University Zürich
| | - M Caj
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich
| | - P Cippà
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B L McRae
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Worcester, MA, USA
| | - C L Graff
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, AbbVie Worcester, MA, USA
| | - G Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich
| | - M Fried
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich
| | - M Hausmann
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich
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Gerster R, Eloranta JJ, Hausmann M, Ruiz PA, Cosin-Roger J, Terhalle A, Ziegler U, Kullak-Ublick GA, von Eckardstein A, Rogler G. Anti-inflammatory Function of High-Density Lipoproteins via Autophagy of IκB Kinase. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 1:171-187.e1. [PMID: 28247863 PMCID: PMC5301135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are frequently found decreased in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, and because HDL exerts anti-inflammatory activities, we investigated whether HDL and its major protein component apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) modulate mucosal inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The human intestinal epithelial cell line T84 was used as the in vitro model for measuring the effects of HDL on the expression and secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM). Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-responsive promoter activity was studied by dual luciferase reporter assays. Mucosal damage from colitis induced by dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) was scored by colonoscopy and histology in apoA-I transgenic (Tg) and apoA-I knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and TNF and ICAM expression were determined in intestinal tissue samples. Autophagy was studied by Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. RESULTS HDL and apoA-I down-regulated TNF-induced mRNA expression of TNF, IL-8, and ICAM, as well as TNF-induced NF-κB-responsive promoter activity. DSS/TNBS-treated apoA-I KO mice displayed increased mucosal damage upon both colonoscopy and histology, increased intestinal MPO activity and mRNA expression of TNF and ICAM as compared with WT and apoA-I Tg mice. In contrast, apoA-I Tg mice showed less severe symptoms monitored by colonoscopy and MPO activity in both the DSS and TNBS colitis models. In addition, HDL induced autophagy, leading to recruitment of phosphorylated IκB kinase to the autophagosome compartment, thereby preventing NF-κB activation and induction of cytokine expression. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the in vitro and in vivo findings suggest that HDL and apoA-I suppress intestinal inflammation via autophagy and are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of IBD.
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Key Words
- 3-MA, 3-methyl adenine
- ApoA-I, apolipoprotein A-I
- Apolipoprotein A-I
- Autophagy
- CD, Crohn’s disease
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DSS, dextran sodium sulphate
- EMSA, electrophoretic mobility shift assay
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- ICAM, intracellular adhesion molecule
- IL, interleukin
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- KO, knockout
- LC3II, light chain 3 II
- MEICS, murine endoscopic index of colitis severity
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- NF-κB
- NF-κB, nuclear factor κB
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- PI-3, phosphatidylinositol-3
- RT-PCR, real-time polymerase chain reaction
- TNBS, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Tg, transgenic
- WT, wild type
- mTOR, the mammalian target of rapamycin
- p-IKK, phosphorylated IκB kinase
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragam Gerster
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jyrki J. Eloranta
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A. Ruiz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBERehd, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anne Terhalle
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Ziegler
- Centre for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerd A. Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arnold von Eckardstein
- Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Gerhard Rogler, MD, PhD, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland. fax: +41-0-44-255-9497.
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Bentz S, Cee A, Endlicher E, Wojtal KA, Naami A, Pesch T, Lang S, Schubert P, Fried M, Weber A, Coy JF, Goelder S, Knüchel R, Hausmann M, Rogler G. Hypoxia induces the expression of transketolase-like 1 in human colorectal cancer. Digestion 2014; 88:182-92. [PMID: 24193262 DOI: 10.1159/000355015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Transketolase-like (TKTL) 1 is one of the key enzymes for anaerobic sugar degradation even in the presence of oxygen (aerobic glycolysis). Transketolase-dependent reactions supply malignant tumors with ribose and NADPH. Therefore, TKTL1 activity could be crucial for tumor proliferation and survival. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of TKTL1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its regulation under hypoxic conditions. METHODS We studied TKTL1 mRNA and protein expression in CRC cell lines and human CRC biopsies by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Regulation of TKTL1 under oxygen depletion was analyzed by cultivating cells either in a three-dimensional spheroid model or in a hypoxia incubator chamber. RESULTS TKTL1 mRNA was heterogeneously expressed in monolayers of cells with high levels in HT-29 and SW480. TKTL1 protein was also clearly detectable in HT-29 and SW480. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α protein expression correlated with TKTL1 protein expression in SW480 spheroids over time. On the one hand, induction of hypoxia in T84 spheroids did not induce TKTL1; on the other hand, hypoxia by incubation at 1% O₂ in a hypoxia incubator chamber clearly showed an upregulation of TKTL1. In 50% of CRC patients, TKTL1 protein expression was upregulated in tumor compared to non-tumor tissue. The immunohistochemical staining of TKTL1 in CRC patient samples resulted in 14 positive and 30 negative samples. CONCLUSIONS TKTL1 expression correlated with HIF-1α protein expression and was induced upon hypoxic conditions which could facilitate energy supply to tumors under these circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bentz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Hausmann M, Ehnert S, Hofmann V, Döbele S, Freude T, Stöckle U, Nussler A. [Use of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) for the Treatment of Pseudarthroses - Efficiency and Therapy Failure]. Z Orthop Unfall 2014; 152:144-51. [PMID: 24760454 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the therapy for pseudarthroses of the proximal tibia, the human recombinant bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP-2 and BMP-7) have been used for several years. Despite their limited and specified use as local mediators of bone healing, no conclusions regarding the therapeutic success can be made beforehand. The regulatory mechanisms have turned out to be much more complex and patient-specific than had been assumed before. To help understand the cell biological processes (signalling) and the current possibilities of predicting a successful use of BMP, this article summarises the relevant findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hausmann
- BG Trauma Center, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen
| | - S Ehnert
- BG Trauma Center, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen
| | - V Hofmann
- BG Trauma Center, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen
| | - S Döbele
- BG Trauma Center, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen
| | - T Freude
- BG Trauma Center, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen
| | - U Stöckle
- BG Trauma Center, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen
| | - A Nussler
- BG Trauma Center, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen
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Thimm M, Weis S, Hausmann M, Sturm W. Menstrual cycle effects on selective attention and its underlying cortical networks. Neuroscience 2013; 258:307-17. [PMID: 24262802 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
It was the aim of the present study to investigate menstrual cycle effects on selective attention and its underlying functional cerebral networks. Twenty-one healthy, right-handed, normally cycling women were investigated by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging using a go/no-go paradigm during the menstrual, follicular and luteal phase. On the behavioral level there was a significant interaction between visual half field and cycle phase with reaction times to right-sided compared to left-sided stimuli being faster in the menstrual compared to the follicular phase. These results might argue for a more pronounced functional cerebral asymmetry toward the left hemisphere in selective attention during the menstrual phase with low estradiol and progesterone levels. Functional imaging, however, did not reveal clear-cut menstrual phase-related changes in activation pattern in parallel to these behavioral findings. A functional connectivity analysis identified differences between the menstrual and the luteal phase: During the menstrual phase, left inferior parietal cortex showed a stronger negative correlation with the right middle frontal gyrus while the left medial frontal cortex showed a stronger negative correlation with the left middle frontal gyrus. These results can serve as further evidence of a modulatory effect of steroid hormones on networks of lateralized cognitive functions not only by interhemispheric inhibition but also by affecting intrahemispheric functional connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thimm
- Department of Neurology, Section Clinical Neuropsychology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - S Weis
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - M Hausmann
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - W Sturm
- Department of Neurology, Section Clinical Neuropsychology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Leucht K, Caj M, Fried M, Rogler G, Hausmann M. Impaired removal of Vβ8(+) lymphocytes aggravates colitis in mice deficient for B cell lymphoma-2-interacting mediator of cell death (Bim). Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 173:493-501. [PMID: 23668821 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of B cell lymphoma (BCL)-2-interacting mediator of cell death (Bim) for lymphocyte homeostasis in intestinal mucosa. Lymphocytes lacking Bim are refractory to apoptosis. Chronic colitis was induced in Bim-deficient mice (Bim(-/-) ) with dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). Weight loss and colonoscopic score were increased significantly in Bim(-/-) mice compared to wild-type mice. As Bim is induced for the killing of autoreactive cells we determined the role of Bim in the regulation of lymphocyte survival at mucosal sites. Upon chronic dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, Bim(-/-) animals exhibited an increased infiltrate of lymphocytes into the mucosa compared to wild-type mice. The number of autoreactive T cell receptor (TCR) Vβ8(+) lymphocytes was significantly higher in Bim(-/-) mice compared to wild-type controls. Impaired removal of autoreactive lymphocytes in Bim(-/-) mice upon chronic DSS-induced colitis may therefore contribute to aggravated mucosal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Leucht
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Leucht K, Fischbeck A, Caj M, Liebisch G, Hartlieb E, Benes P, Fried M, Humpf HU, Rogler G, Hausmann M. Sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine contrarily affect the induction of apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:782-98. [PMID: 24142587 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The major alimentary sources for the plasma membrane lipid sphingomyelin (SM) are dairy products, eggs, and meat. We recently reported that the SM metabolite ceramide induces cathepsin D mediated apoptosis in murine intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and increases inflammation in acute colitis. We investigated the impact of SM and phosphatidylcholine on apoptosis in human IECs and point out BH3-interacting death agonist (BID) as link between cathepsin D and apoptosis. METHODS AND RESULTS HT-29 and isolated human IECs were stimulated with SM or phosphatidylcholine. SM treatment resulted in increased apoptosis. Phosphatidylcholine showed contrary effects. Western revealed higher amounts of cathepsin D and BID activation upon lipid stimulation. Western blotting revealed BID activation through SM in both an induced and a spontaneous mouse model of colitis. CONCLUSION Dietary phospholipids may induce or abolish apoptosis in IECs and seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. This nutritional factor might be considered when evaluating the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. Effects of SMase- and SM treatment on inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium induced animal models of colitis and in vitro experiments are discussed as controversial. Variable sources of SM, feeding techniques, and mouse strains might play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Leucht
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
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Wolfram L, Fischbeck A, Frey-Wagner I, Wojtal KA, Lang S, Fried M, Vavricka SR, Hausmann M, Rogler G. Regulation of the expression of chaperone gp96 in macrophages and dendritic cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76350. [PMID: 24146856 PMCID: PMC3797789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The chaperone function of the ER-residing heat shock protein gp96 plays an important role in protein physiology and has additionally important immunological functions due to its peptide-binding capacity. Low amounts of gp96 stimulate immunity; high quantities induce tolerance by mechanisms not fully understood. A lack of gp96 protein in intestinal macrophages (IMACs) from Crohn`s disease (CD) patients correlates with loss of tolerance against the host gut flora, leading to chronic inflammation. Since gp96 shows dose-dependent direction of immunological reactions, we studied primary IMACs and developed cell models to understand the regulation of gp96 expression. Induction of gp96-expression was higher in in vitro differentiated dendritic cells (i.v.DCs) than in in vitro differentiated macrophages (i.v.MACs), whereas monocytes (MOs) expressed only low gp96 levels. The highest levels of expression were found in IMACs. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), muramyl dipeptide (MDP), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), and Interleukin (IL)-4 induced gp96-expression, while IL12, IL-17, IL-23 and interferon (IFN)-γ were not effective indicating that Th1 and Th17 cells are probably not involved in the induction of gp96. Furthermore, gp96 was able to induce its own expression. The ER-stress inducer tunicamycin increased gp96-expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Both ulcerative colitis (UC) and CD patients showed significantly elevated gp96 mRNA levels in intestinal biopsies which correlated positively with the degree of inflammation of the tissue. Since gp96 is highly expressed on the one hand upon stress induction as during inflammation and on the other hand possibly mediating tolerance, these results will help to understand the whether gp96 plays a role in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Wolfram
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Fischbeck
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Frey-Wagner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kacper A. Wojtal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Fried
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan R. Vavricka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Jirkof P, Leucht K, Cesarovic N, Caj M, Nicholls F, Rogler G, Arras M, Hausmann M. Burrowing is a sensitive behavioural assay for monitoring general wellbeing during dextran sulfate sodium colitis in laboratory mice. Lab Anim 2013; 47:274-83. [PMID: 23828853 DOI: 10.1177/0023677213493409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An impaired intestinal epithelial barrier is thought to be a major factor in the pathogenesis of human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is frequently investigated by inducing a damaged barrier in murine models of colitis. This can be done by feeding mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) polymers in their drinking water. Refinement measures should focus on alleviating unnecessary suffering during this probably painful condition. Appropriate parameters are needed to decide when to terminate the experiments. Our aim was to investigate whether a change in burrowing behaviour is a sensitive measure of animal welfare in murine models of colitis. Acute colitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice with 2.0% DSS over nine days. The burrowing test is based on the species-typical behaviour of mice to spontaneously displace items from tubes within their home cage. As a burrowing apparatus, a water bottle (250 mL, 150 mm length, 55 mm diameter) filled with 138-142 g of pellets of the animal's diet was used. The presence of intestinal inflammation as a result of acute DSS-induced colitis was confirmed by a decrease in body weight, colon length and an increase of murine endoscopic index of colitis severity, histological score and spleen weight in the group receiving DSS as compared with the control group. An onset of intestinal inflammation correlated with a significant decrease in burrowing behaviour (P < 0.05). Altered adrenal gland histology indicated stress as a result of acute colitis. Our findings provide evidence that changes of spontaneous burrowing behaviour correlate with the onset of inflammation in acute DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jirkof
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Alba-Ferrara L, de Erausquin GA, Hirnstein M, Weis S, Hausmann M. Emotional prosody modulates attention in schizophrenia patients with hallucinations. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:59. [PMID: 23459397 PMCID: PMC3586698 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings have demonstrated that emotional prosody (EP) attracts attention involuntarily (Grandjean et al., 2008). The automat shift of attention toward emotionally salient stimuli can be overcome by attentional control (Hahn et al., 2010). Attentional control is impaired in schizophrenia, especially in schizophrenic patients with hallucinations because the “voices” capture attention increasing the processing load and competing for top-down resources. The present study investigates how involuntary attention is driven by implicit EP in schizophrenia with auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) and without (NAVH). Fifteen AVH patients, 12 NAVH patients and 16 healthy controls (HC) completed a dual-task dichotic listening paradigm, in which an emotional vocal outburst was paired with a neutral vocalization spoken in male and female voices. Participants were asked to report the speaker's gender while attending to either the left or right ear. NAVH patients and HC revealed shorter response times for stimuli presented to the attended left ear than the attended right ear. This laterality effect was not present in AVH patients. In addition, NAVH patients and HC showed faster responses when the EP stimulus was presented to the unattended ear, probably because of less interference between the attention-controlled gender voice identification task and involuntary EP processing. AVH patients did not benefit from presenting emotional stimuli to the unattended ear. The findings suggest that similar to HC, NAVH patients show a right hemispheric bias for EP processing. AVH patients seem to be less lateralized for EP and therefore might be more susceptible to interfering involuntary EP processing; regardless which ear/hemisphere receives the bottom up input.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Alba-Ferrara
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Roskamp Laboratory of Brain Development, Modulation and Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida Tampa, FL, USA ; Department of Psychology, Durham University Durham, UK
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Xue B, Müller MH, Li J, Pesch T, Kasparek MS, Sibaev A, Hausmann M, Rogler G, Kreis ME. Mast cells and the cyclooxygenase pathway mediate colonic afferent nerve sensitization in a murine colitis model. Auton Neurosci 2013; 174:47-53. [PMID: 23384476 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Revised: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intestinal inflammation alters colonic afferent nerve sensitivity which may contribute to patients' perception of abdominal discomfort. We aimed to explore whether mast cells and the cyclooxygenase pathway are involved in altered afferent nerve sensitivity during colitis. METHODS C57Bl6 mice received 3% dextran-sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days to induce colitis. Control animals received regular water. On day 8 inflammation was assessed in the proximal colon by morphology and histology. Extracellular afferent nerve discharge was recorded from the mesenteric nerve of a 2 cm colonic segment. Subgroups were treated in vitro with the mast cell stabilizer doxantrazole (10⁻⁴M) or the cyclooxygenase inhibitor naproxen (10⁻⁵M). RESULTS DSS colitis resulted in morphological and histological signs of inflammation. At baseline, peak firing was 11±2 imp s⁻¹ in colitis segments and 5±1 imp s⁻¹ in uninflamed control segments (p<0.05; mean ± SEM; each n=6). In colitis segments, afferent nerve discharge to bradykinin (0.5 μM) was increased to 47±7 compared to 23±6 imp s⁻¹ in recordings from non-inflamed control tissue (p<0.05). Mechanosensitivity during luminal ramp distension (0-80 cm H₂O) was increased reaching 24±5 imp s⁻¹ at 80 cm H₂O during colitis compared to 14±2 in non-inflamed controls (p<0.05). Doxantrazole or naproxen reduced afferent discharge to bradykinin and luminal ramp distension in colitis segments to control levels. CONCLUSION Intestinal inflammation sensitizes mesenteric afferent nerve fibers to bradykinin and mechanical stimuli. The underlying mechanism responsible for this sensitization seems to involve mast cells and prostaglandins.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Xue
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shandong University, Medical School, Shandong, China
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Hetzenecker AM, Seidl MC, Kosovac K, Herfarth H, Kellermeier S, Obermeier F, Falk W, Schoelmerich J, Hausmann M, Rogler G. Downregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in normal colonic macrophages and reinduction in inflammatory bowel disease. Digestion 2013; 86:34-47. [PMID: 22710419 DOI: 10.1159/000336353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In normal mucosa, intestinal lamina propria macrophages (IMACs) maintain tolerance against food antigens and the commensal bacterial flora. Several mechanisms have been identified that mediate tolerance. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a large multiprotein complex that degrades cellular proteins. As the UPS may modulate immune functions of IMACs, we performed a detailed investigation of UPS expression and function under normal conditions and in cells derived from patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS IMACs were isolated from intestinal mucosa. mRNA expression of macrophages differentiated in vitro (i.v. MACs) and IMACs was compared by Affymetrix® oligonucleotide arrays. Quantitative Taqman-PCR was performed on five exemplary proteasomal and five ubiquitinylation genes each. Proteins were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Proteasome function was assessed by a fluorimetric test. RESULTS Affymetrix analysis showed downregulation of mRNA expression of almost all represented proteasomal and of 22 ubiquitination-associated genes in IMACs as compared to i.v. MACs and monocytes. By quantitative PCR, up to tenfold higher mRNA expression of 10 exemplary genes of the UPS (UBE2A, UBE2D2, UBE2L6, USP14, UBB and ATPase2, β2, β5, β2i/MECL-1, β5i/LMP7) was demonstrated in i.v. MACs as compared to IMACs. Immunohistochemistry and Western blots confirmed these findings in intestinal mucosa of controls and patients suffering from diverticulitis. In contrast, a significant increase in protein amounts was found in mucosa of patients with IBD. CONCLUSION Reduced expression of subunits of the UPS in IMACs of normal mucosa supports the concept of the presence of a nonreactive, anergic macrophage phenotype in the gut under normal conditions. Reinduction in IMACs of IBD mucosa reflects activated IMACs which can present antigenic peptides and thus support inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hetzenecker
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Hausmann M, Zeitler C, Weber A, Krebs M, Kellermeier S, Rosenstiel P, de Vallière C, Kosovac K, Fried M, Holler E, Rogler G. MIP-3α expression in macrophages is NOD dependent. Digestion 2012; 85:192-201. [PMID: 22286692 DOI: 10.1159/000335423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first identified susceptibility gene for Crohn's disease, NOD2, acts as a sensor for the bacterial-wall peptidoglycan fragment muramyl dipeptide (MDP) and activates the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Upon NF-κB activation, intestinal macrophages (IMACs) induce expression of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-3α to attract memory T lymphocytes. We therefore investigated the influence of NOD2 ligation of IMAC differentiation and functional MIP-3α induction. METHODS Human embryonal kidney HEK293 cells were transfected with NOD2 wild-type (NOD2(WT)) and the NOD2 SNP13 variant (NOD2(L1007fsinsC)) and stimulated with MDP. Recruitment of CD45R0+ and Th17 cells was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Endogenous NOD2 stimulation was followed by a dose-dependent increase in MIP-3α secretion in MONO-MAC-6 (MM6) cells. MIP-3α mRNA was also significantly (*p < 0.05) induced in HEK293 transfected with NOD2(WT) via MDP ligation. In vivo cell-cell contacts between IMACs and CD45R0+ memory T cells as well as recruitment of Th17 cells in patients of NOD2 variants were unchanged as compared to wild-type patients. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate a dose-dependent increase in MIP-3α secretion in the human myeloid cell line MM6 upon MDP. However, MIP-3α-driven recruitment of Th17 cells or CD45R0+ memory T lymphocytes is not affected in patients carrying heterozygous NOD2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hausmann
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Scharl M, Leucht K, Frey-Wagner I, Zeitz J, Hausmann M, Fischbeck A, Liebisch G, Kellermeier S, Pesch T, Arikkat J, Schmitz G, Fried M, Yildiz Y, Rogler G. Knock-out of β-glucosidase 2 has no influence on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Digestion 2012; 84:156-67. [PMID: 21576963 DOI: 10.1159/000327380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase, β-glucosidase (Gba2), hydrolyzes glucosylceramide to glucose and ceramide (Cer). Cer is a potent second-messenger lipid that plays an important role in signaling cascades involved in apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Gba2 knock-out (Gba2(-/-)) affects the extent of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. METHODS Acute colitis was induced in wild-type (WT) and Gba2(-/-) mice by administration of 2% DSS in drinking water. After 7 days, mice underwent colonoscopy and were sacrificed. RESULTS Both DSS-treated WT (n = 10) and Gba2(-/-) (n = 12) mice showed elevated histological and endoscopic scores compared to respective H(2)O controls (n = 9 each). However, no significant differences between the DSS groups were detected. Flow cytometric analysis of propidium iodide staining, cleavage of caspases-3 and -8, indicative for apoptosis, as well as Cer levels were not altered in DSS-treated WT or Gba2(-/-) mice. Gba2(-/-) resulted in slightly decreased expression of glucocerebrosidase (Gba1) as well as in upregulation of proteins being involved in cellular regeneration, such as STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription), JNK and iNOS, upon DSS treatment. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that Gba2(-/-) does not affect the extent of DSS-induced inflammation in mice, however, it might be involved in tissue regeneration in response to toxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Scharl
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Hausmann M, Leucht K, Ploner C, Kiessling S, Villunger A, Becker H, Hofmann C, Falk W, Krebs M, Kellermeier S, Fried M, Schölmerich J, Obermeier F, Rogler G. BCL-2 modifying factor (BMF) is a central regulator of anoikis in human intestinal epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:26533-40. [PMID: 21673109 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.265322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BCL-2 modifying factor (BMF) is a sentinel considered to register damage at the cytoskeleton and to convey a death signal to B-cell lymphoma 2. B-cell lymphoma 2 is neutralized by BMF and thereby facilitates cytochrome C release from mitochondria. We investigated the role of BMF for intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) homeostasis. Acute colitis was induced in Bmf-deficient mice (Bmf(-/-)) with dextran sulfate sodium. Colonic crypt length in Bmf(-/-) mice was significantly increased as compared with WT mice. Dextran sulfate sodium induced less signs of colitis in Bmf(-/-) mice, as weight loss was reduced compared with the WT. Primary human IEC exhibited increased BMF in the extrusion zone. Quantitative PCR showed a significant up-regulation of BMF expression after initiation of anoikis in primary human IEC. BMF was found on mitochondria during anoikis, as demonstrated by Western blot analysis. RNAi mediated knockdown of BMF reduced the number of apoptotic cells and led to reduced caspase 3 activity. A significant increase in phospho-AKT was determined after RNAi treatment. BMF knockdown supports survival of IEC. BMF is induced in human IEC by the loss of cell attachment and is likely to play an important role in the regulation of IEC survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hausmann
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland.
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