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Chen C, Wang S, Wang H, Mao X, Zhang T, Ji G, Shi X, Xia T, Lu W, Zhang D, Dai J, Guo Y. Potent neutralization of botulinum neurotoxin/B by synergistic action of antibodies recognizing protein and ganglioside receptor binding domain. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43845. [PMID: 22952786 PMCID: PMC3430616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), the causative agents for life-threatening human disease botulism, have been recognized as biological warfare agents. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics hold considerable promise as BoNT therapeutics, but the potencies of mAbs against BoNTs are usually less than that of polyclonal antibodies (or oligoclonal antibodies). The confirmation of key epitopes with development of effective mAb is urgently needed. Methods and Findings We selected 3 neutralizing mAbs which recognize different non-overlapping epitopes of BoNT/B from a panel of neutralizing antibodies against BoNT/B. By comparing the neutralizing effects among different combination groups, we found that 8E10, response to ganglioside receptor binding site, could synergy with 5G10 and 2F4, recognizing non-overlapping epitopes within Syt II binding sites. However, the combination of 5G10 with 2F4 blocking protein receptor binding sites did not achieve synergistical effects. Moreover, we found that the binding epitope of 8E10 was conserved among BoNT A, B, E, and F, which might cross-protect the challenge of different serotypes of BoNTs in vivo. Conclusions The combination of two mAbs recognizing different receptors' binding domain in BoNTs has a synergistic effect. 8E10 is a potential universal partner for the synergistical combination with other mAb against protein receptor binding domain in BoNTs of other serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, The Center for Antibody Medicine of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, The Center for Antibody Medicine of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huajing Wang
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Antibody Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Antibody Medicine and Targeting Therapy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Mao
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiancheng Zhang
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Antibody Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Antibody Medicine and Targeting Therapy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Ji
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Antibody Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Antibody Medicine and Targeting Therapy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Shi
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Antibody Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Antibody Medicine and Targeting Therapy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Xia
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Antibody Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Antibody Medicine and Targeting Therapy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijia Lu
- Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Antibody Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Antibody Medicine and Targeting Therapy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Dai
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Antibody Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Antibody Medicine and Targeting Therapy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- PLA General Hospital Cancer Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (JXD); (YJG)
| | - Yajun Guo
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Antibody Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Antibody Medicine and Targeting Therapy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- PLA General Hospital Cancer Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (JXD); (YJG)
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Larkin EA, Stiles BG, Ulrich RG. Inhibition of toxic shock by human monoclonal antibodies against staphylococcal enterotoxin B. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13253. [PMID: 20949003 PMCID: PMC2952590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus is implicated in many opportunistic bacterial infections around the world. Rising antibiotic resistance and few alternative methods of treatment are just two looming problems associated with clinical management of S. aureus. Among numerous virulence factors produced by S. aureus, staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) B is a secreted protein that binds T-cell receptor and major histocompatibility complex class II, potentially causing toxic shock mediated by pathological activation of T cells. Recombinant monoclonal antibodies that target SEB and block receptor interactions can be of therapeutic value. Methodology/Principal Findings The inhibitory and biophysical properties of ten human monoclonal antibodies, isolated from a recombinant library by panning against SEB vaccine (STEBVax), were examined as bivalent Fabs and native full-length IgG (Mab). The best performing Fabs had binding affinities equal to polyclonal IgG, low nanomolar IC50s against SEB in cell culture assays, and protected mice from SEB-induced toxic shock. The orthologous staphylococcal proteins, SEC1 and SEC2, as well as streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin C were recognized by several Fabs. Four Fabs against SEB, with the lowest IC50s, were converted into native full-length Mabs. Although SEB-binding kinetics were identical between each Fab and respective Mab, a 250-fold greater inhibition of SEB-induced T-cell activation was observed with two Mabs. Conclusions/Significance Results suggest that these human monoclonal antibodies possess high affinity, target specificity, and toxin neutralization qualities essential for any therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen A. Larkin
- Immunology Department, Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Hood College, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bradley G. Stiles
- Immunology Department, Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Biology Department, Wilson College, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BGS); (RGU)
| | - Robert G. Ulrich
- Immunology Department, Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Hood College, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BGS); (RGU)
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Matsubara K, Fukaya T, Miwa K, Shibayama N, Nigami H, Harigaya H, Nozaki H, Hirata T, Baba K, Suzuki T, Ishiguro A. Development of serum IgM antibodies against superantigens of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes in Kawasaki disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2006; 143:427-34. [PMID: 16487241 PMCID: PMC1809617 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To serologically determine the association of microbial superantigens and the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease (KD), we conducted a case-control study. Serum IgG and IgM antibodies against staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), SEB, SEC, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SPEA) were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 293 serum samples from 65 KD patients on clinical days 1-28 and 120 control samples. The administration of immunoglobulin products, which contain high concentrations of IgG antibodies against all the superantigens, directly elevated antitoxin IgG antibodies in KD patients. In contrast, antitoxin IgM antibodies were not detected in immunoglobulin products. Actually, we found a significant elevation of IgM antibodies against SEA in KD patients in the first (median titre: 0.020, P < 0.01 versus control), second (0.024, P < 0.001), third (0.030, P < 0.001) and fourth (0.038, P < 0.001) weeks, compared to the controls (0.015). Significant differences of IgM antibodies were also true for SEB, TSST-1, and SPEA throughout the first to fourth weeks, and for SEC throughout the second to fourth weeks. The prevalence of KD patients having high IgM titres (> mean + 2SD of control values) to the 5 superantigens was increased with the clinical weeks, and reached 29-43% of KD subjects at the fourth week. This is the first study that describes kinetics of IgM antibodies against superantigens and clarifies the serological significance throughout the clinical course of KD. Our results suggest that multiple superantigens involve in the pathogenesis of KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Matsubara
- Department of Paediatrics, Nishi-Kobe Medical Centre, 5-7-1 Kojidai, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2273, Japan.
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Goyache J, Orden JA, Blanco JL, Hernández J, Doménech A, Suárez G, Gómez-Lucía E. Murine monoclonal antibodies against staphylococcal enterotoxin B: production and characterization. FEMS MICROBIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY 1992; 4:247-54. [PMID: 1515153 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05002.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A group of 14 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) were obtained by fusion of Sp2/O myeloma cells with spleen cells from female BALB/c mice immunized with commercial SEB. The antibodies belonged to IgG1 and IgG2b subclasses. We evaluated the anti-SEB titres, competition assays and sensitivity of detection by indirect ELISA. Reactivity and cross-reactivity were also studied by indirect ELISA and confirmed by immunoblotting. All the mAbs reacted with SEB and with a second band which had a different electrophoretic mobility and probably represents an aggregate of SEB or SEB bound to membranes. Three mAbs reacted only with SEB and the rest showed cross-reactions with SEC1. No reactions were observed against any other serovar (SEA, SED and SEE) or other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Goyache
- Departamento de Patología Animal I, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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