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Kamalı A, Çakmak R, Boğa M. Anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities of novel heterocyclic Schiff base derivatives containing an aryl sulfonate moiety. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202100511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayfer Kamalı
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Medical Laboratory Techniques Program, Vocational School of Health Services Batman University Batman Turkey
| | - Reşit Çakmak
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Medical Laboratory Techniques Program, Vocational School of Health Services Batman University Batman Turkey
| | - Mehmet Boğa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Dicle University Diyarbakır Turkey
- Dicle University Health Sciences Application and Research Center (DÜSAM) Diyarbakır Turkey
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Sehout I, Boulebd H, Boulcina R, Nemouchi S, Bendjeddou L, Bramki A, Merazig H, Debache A. Synthesis, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, biological evaluation, DFT calculations, and in silico ADME analysis of 4-arylidene pyrazolone derivatives as promising antibacterial agents. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Silva WP, Silva LAJ, França CH, Sousa RMF, Muñoz RAA, Richter EM. Square-wave Voltammetric Determination of Propyphenazone, Paracetamol, and Caffeine: Comparative Study between Batch Injection Analysis and Conventional Electrochemical Systems. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weberson P. Silva
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia; Av. João Naves de Ávila 2121 Uberlândia, MG Brasil
| | - Luiz A. J. Silva
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia; Av. João Naves de Ávila 2121 Uberlândia, MG Brasil
| | - Clarice H. França
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia; Av. João Naves de Ávila 2121 Uberlândia, MG Brasil
| | - Raquel M. F. Sousa
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia; Av. João Naves de Ávila 2121 Uberlândia, MG Brasil
| | - Rodrigo A. A. Muñoz
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia; Av. João Naves de Ávila 2121 Uberlândia, MG Brasil
| | - Eduardo M. Richter
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia; Av. João Naves de Ávila 2121 Uberlândia, MG Brasil
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Burdan F. Developmental effects of propyphenazone in analgesic and antipyretic combination with caffeine or paracetamol. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 23:235-44. [PMID: 15222401 DOI: 10.1191/0960327104ht439oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of an over-the-counter (OTC) mixture of propyphenazone with caffeine or paracetamol on prenatal development. Propyphenazone:caffeine and propyphenazone:paracetamol mixtures were prepared with constant 3:1 and 3:5 ratios, respectively. Three dose levels of each of the mixtures were administered separately in Tween-80 water suspension once a day to pregnant Wistar rats on gestation days 8-14. The low dose was similar to the OTC preparations, 2.1 mg/kg of propyphenazone, 0.7 mg/kg of caffeine or 3.5 mg/kg of paracetamol. The middle dose was 21.0, 7.0 or 35.0 mg/kg, and the highest 210.0, 70.0 or 350.0 mg/kg for propyphenazone, caffeine or paracetamol, respectively. On day 21 of gestation the fetuses were delivered by hysterectomy. Dead or live fetuses, resorptions and the number of implantation sites were counted. Live fetuses were examined for external, visceral and skeletal malformation. Postimplantation mortality was calculated. Dose-dependent effects in the middle and high dose groups on fetal body weight/length and placental weight were found. No increase in external or internal congenital anomalies was found in any of the mixture-exposed groups. Prenatal coadministration of propyphenazone with caffeine or paracetamol caused intrauterine growth retardation but did not increase external or internal congenital anomalies. The risk of midline defects (umbilical hernia and gastroschisis) is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Burdan
- Experimental Teratology Unit of the Human Anatomy Department, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20074 Lublin, Poland.
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Göbel H, Heinze A, Niederberger U, Witt T, Zumbroich V. Efficacy of Phenazone in the Treatment of Acute Migraine Attacks: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Study. Cephalalgia 2016; 24:888-93. [PMID: 15377321 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2004.00764.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study we compared the efficacy of 1000 mg phenazone with that of placebo in the treatment of acute migraine attacks in a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 208 patients. The main target criterion was the number of patients with a pain reduction from severe or moderate to slight or no pain 2 h after taking the pain medication. The percentage of patients satisfying the main target criterion was 48.6% for phenazone and 27.2% ( P < 0.05) for placebo. Freedom from pain after 2 h was reported by 27.6% with phenazone treatment and 13.6% ( P < 0.05) with placebo. Compared with placebo, the phenazone treatment also resulted in a significant improvement in the associated migraine symptoms of nausea, phonophobia and photophobia. Of patients treated with phenazone 11.4%, and 5.8% of those treated with placebo reported adverse events. There was no significant difference between the groups with regard to numbers of patients with adverse events. No serious adverse events occurred. The results show that phenazone at a dosage of 1000 mg is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of acute migraine attacks.
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Malver LP, Brokjaer A, Staahl C, Graversen C, Andresen T, Drewes AM. Electroencephalography and analgesics. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 77:72-95. [PMID: 23593934 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess centrally mediated analgesic mechanisms in clinical trials with pain patients, objective standardized methods such as electroencephalography (EEG) has many advantages. The aim of this review is to provide the reader with an overview of present findings in analgesics assessed with spontaneous EEG and evoked brain potentials (EPs) in humans. Furthermore, EEG methodologies will be discussed with respect to translation from animals to humans and future perspectives in predicting analgesic efficacy. We searched PubMed with MeSH terms 'analgesics', 'electroencephalography' and 'evoked potentials' for relevant articles. Combined with a search in their reference lists 15 articles on spontaneous EEG and 55 papers on EPs were identified. Overall, opioids produced increased activity in the delta band in the spontaneous EEG, but increases in higher frequency bands were also seen. The EP amplitudes decreased in the majority of studies. Anticonvulsants used as analgesics showed inconsistent results. The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine showed an increase in the theta band in spontaneous EEG and decreases in EP amplitudes. Tricyclic antidepressants increased the activity in the delta, theta and beta bands in the spontaneous EEG while EPs were inconsistently affected. Weak analgesics were mainly investigated with EPs and a decrease in amplitudes was generally observed. This review reveals that both spontaneous EEG and EPs are widely used as biomarkers for analgesic drug effects. Methodological differences are common and a more uniform approach will further enhance the value of such biomarkers for drug development and prediction of treatment response in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Paludan Malver
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Radwan MF, Dalby KN, Kaoud TS. Propyphenazone-based analogues as prodrugs and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:983-8. [PMID: 25221653 DOI: 10.1021/ml500156v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving the gastrointestinal safety profile of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is an important goal. Herein, we report two strategies, using the nonacidic propyphenazone structure, with potential to overcome the side effects of NSAIDs. Propyphenazone was employed to temporarily mask the free acid group of the widely used NSAIDs ibuprofen, diclofenac, and ketoprofen to develop three mutual prodrugs hypothesized to have minimal GI irritation. The three prodrugs exhibit in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities with improved potency over each parent drug when compared to a nonhydrolyzable control betahistine-propyphenazone (BET-MP). Additionally, ANT-MP formed by the irreversible coupling of propyphenazone and 4-aminoantipyrine, displayed exceptional COXII selectivity (COXII IC50 of 0.97 ± 0.04 μM, compared to no observed inhibition of COXI at 160 μM). Inhibition of COXII suppresses inflammatory diseases without affecting COXI-mediated GI tract events. ANT-MP exhibited maximal analgesic effect when tested in vivo in an abdominal writhing assay (100% protection) and its anti-inflammatory activity showed a peak at 2 h in a carrageenan-induced paw edema model. Its unique selectivity toward the COXII enzyme was investigated using molecular modeling techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F. Radwan
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdome of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kevin N. Dalby
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Tamer S. Kaoud
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdome of Saudi Arabia
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Kunz M, Mohammadian P, Renner B, Roscher S, Kobal G, Lautenbacher S. Chemo-somatosensory evoked potentials: a sensitive tool to assess conditioned pain modulation? Somatosens Mot Res 2014; 31:100-10. [PMID: 24568199 DOI: 10.3109/08990220.2014.887562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Abstract Background: Chemo-somatosensory evoked potentials (CSSEPs) elicited by chemical stimulation (CO₂ gas) of the nasal mucosa have been shown to be sensitive enough to pick up even weak analgesic effects. With the present study we wanted to investigate whether CSSEPs are also a sensitive tool to capture endogenous pain inhibitory mechanisms elicited by conditioned pain modulation (CPM; where a first conditioning stimulus reduces the sensitivity for a second test stimulus) with a conditioning stimulus of rather low noxious load. METHODS Seventeen healthy participants were tested for CPM effects (conditioning stimulus: tonic heat pain with intensities around the pain threshold induced via a thermode; test stimulus: chemonasal stimulation (73% and 78% CO₂)) on CSSEPs and on self-report ratings. RESULTS We found significant CPM effects in the CSSEPS, with reduced amplitudes and prolonged latencies at several electroencephalogram (EEG) recording positions when using the lower CO₂ concentration (73% CO₂). In contrast to the visible inhibitory effects on the CSSEPs, subjective ratings of the test stimulus did not reflect CPM action. DISCUSSION The experimental pain model using CO₂ stimuli to elicit CSSEPs proved to be sensitive enough to capture weak CPM effects elicited by a conditioning stimulus of rather low noxious load. The usage of such mild noxious conditioning stimuli-in contrast to stimuli of higher noxious load (e.g., cold pressor test)-has the advantage that the activation of other types of pain inhibitory mechanisms in parallel (like attentional distraction, stress-induced analgesia) can be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Kunz
- Physiological Psychology, Otto-Friedrich University , Bamberg , Germany and
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Straube A, Aicher B, Fiebich BL, Haag G. Combined analgesics in (headache) pain therapy: shotgun approach or precise multi-target therapeutics? BMC Neurol 2011; 11:43. [PMID: 21453539 PMCID: PMC3080296 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-11-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain in general and headache in particular are characterized by a change in activity in brain areas involved in pain processing. The therapeutic challenge is to identify drugs with molecular targets that restore the healthy state, resulting in meaningful pain relief or even freedom from pain. Different aspects of pain perception, i.e. sensory and affective components, also explain why there is not just one single target structure for therapeutic approaches to pain. A network of brain areas ("pain matrix") are involved in pain perception and pain control. This diversification of the pain system explains why a wide range of molecularly different substances can be used in the treatment of different pain states and why in recent years more and more studies have described a superior efficacy of a precise multi-target combination therapy compared to therapy with monotherapeutics. DISCUSSION In this article, we discuss the available literature on the effects of several fixed-dose combinations in the treatment of headaches and discuss the evidence in support of the role of combination therapy in the pharmacotherapy of pain, particularly of headaches. The scientific rationale behind multi-target combinations is the therapeutic benefit that could not be achieved by the individual constituents and that the single substances of the combinations act together additively or even multiplicatively and cooperate to achieve a completeness of the desired therapeutic effect.As an example the fixed-dose combination of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), paracetamol (acetaminophen) and caffeine is reviewed in detail. The major advantage of using such a fixed combination is that the active ingredients act on different but distinct molecular targets and thus are able to act on more signalling cascades involved in pain than most single analgesics without adding more side effects to the therapy. SUMMARY Multitarget therapeutics like combined analgesics broaden the array of therapeutic options, enable the completeness of the therapeutic effect, and allow doctors (and, in self-medication with OTC medications, the patients themselves) to customize treatment to the patient's specific needs. There is substantial clinical evidence that such a multi-component therapy is more effective than mono-component therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Straube
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Aicher
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH&Co. KG, Binger-Str. 173, D-55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Bernd L Fiebich
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gunther Haag
- Michael-Balint Klinik, Hermann-Voland Str. 10, D-78126 Königsfeld im Schwarzwald, Germany
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Renner B, Clarke G, Grattan T, Beisel A, Mueller C, Werner U, Kobal G, Brune K. Caffeine accelerates absorption and enhances the analgesic effect of acetaminophen. J Clin Pharmacol 2007; 47:715-26. [PMID: 17442681 DOI: 10.1177/0091270007299762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the analgesic effect of acetaminophen compared to a combination of both caffeine and acetaminophen or caffeine alone using tonic and phasic pain stimulation. Twenty-four subjects were treated orally with 1000 mg acetaminophen, 130 mg caffeine, and a combination of both in a 4-way crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Pharmacokinetics and analgesic effects were assessed by means of an experimental pain model based on pain-related cortical potentials after phasic stimulation of the nasal mucosa with CO(2) and based on pain ratings after tonic stimulation with dry air. Analgesic effects of acetaminophen and acetaminophen plus caffeine but not caffeine alone caused a significant reduction of pain-related cortical potentials beginning 30 minutes after medication. The combination demonstrated an enhanced effect throughout the observation time up to 3 hours. Caffeine accelerated acetaminophen absorption, indicated by enhanced early AUCs. Significant analgesic effects of the combination on tonic pain ratings were found throughout the observation time as compared to acetaminophen and placebo. In this study, caffeine enhanced and prolonged the analgesic activity of acetaminophen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertold Renner
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Krankenhausstr. 9, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Cermak JM, Papas AS, Sullivan RM, Dana MR, Sullivan DA. Nutrient intake in women with primary and secondary Sjögren's syndrome. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003; 57:328-34. [PMID: 12571668 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2001] [Revised: 05/27/2002] [Accepted: 05/28/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, it has been proposed that dietary factors may contribute to the etiology and progression of Sjögren's syndrome, and that nutritional intervention may modify the severity of pathological abnormalities. The objective of this study was to determine whether the nutrient intake of women with primary (1 degrees SS) or secondary (2 degrees SS; ie with systemic lupus erythematosus (2 degrees SS/SLE) or rheumatoid arthritis (2 degrees SS/RA) Sjögren's syndrome is significantly different than that of age- and gender-matched controls. DESIGN Women with Sjögren's syndrome were asked to complete the 97 General Purpose Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire, which consists of a list of 147 separate food items that represent the major sources of multiple nutrients. Nutritional data were evaluated in terms of absolute and energy-adjusted nutrient amounts and analyzed by ANOVA. RESULTS Our results showed: (a) greater intake of energy, glutamate, carbohydrates, lactose, phosphorus, caffeine and unsupplemental thiamin and riboflavin in 1 degrees SS, as well as supplemental calcium in 2 degrees SS/SLE, compared with controls; (b) greater nutrient intake of energy, protein, glutamate, methionine, tryptophan, carbohydrates, lactose, supplemental calcium and phosphorus, sodium, caffeine and unsupplemental calcium, riboflavin and thiamin in 2 degrees SS/RA, relative to 1 degrees SS and/or 2 degrees SS/SLE; (c) higher energy-adjusted values for supplemental calcium in 2 degrees SS/SLE, and for vitamin A and supplemental iron and zinc in 2 degrees SS/RA, compared with other groups; and (d) higher energy-adjusted intake of supplemental calcium, and a lower energy-adjusted intake of unsupplemental vitamin C, polyunsaturated fat, linoleic acid, omega-3 fatty acid, and specific other unsaturated fatty acids, in the Sjögren's syndrome group as a whole, relative to controls. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that nutrient intake is altered in Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Cermak
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Abstract
Intranasal trigeminal function is more and more understood as an integral part of human chemosensory perception. Sensations like burning, stinging, warmth, coolness, or itching are produced by almost all odorants so that they can be perceived by anosmics. Electrophysiological responses to trigeminal stimuli allow the specific assessment of trigeminally mediated information at different levels of processing including the periphery or the cortex. Information regarding the localization of these processes can be derived from magnetoencephalographic recordings or functional imaging data. When using these techniques in combination with psychophysical measures, it seems to be possible to specifically describe how and where the processing of irritation takes place, how it may interact with olfactory mediated sensations, and how it is modulated, e.g. by environmental influences or analgesic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hummel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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