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Duan L, Li SJ, Su C, Sirichamorn Y, Han LN, Ye W, Lôc PK, Wen J, Compton JA, Schrire B, Nie ZL, Chen HF. Phylogenomic framework of the IRLC legumes (Leguminosae subfamily Papilionoideae) and intercontinental biogeography of tribe Wisterieae. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 163:107235. [PMID: 34146677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The inverted repeat-lacking clade (IRLC) is one of the most derived clades within the subfamily Papilionoideae of the legume family, and includes various economically important plants, e.g., chickpeas, peas, liquorice, and the largest genus of angiosperms, Astragalus. Tribe Wisterieae is one of the earliest diverged groups of the IRLC, and its generic delimitation and spatiotemporal diversification needs further clarifications. Based on genome skimming data, we herein reconstruct the phylogenomic framework of the IRLC, and infer the inter-generic relationships and historical biogeography of Wisterieae. We redefine tribe Caraganeae to contain Caragana only, and tribe Astragaleae is reduced to the Erophaca-Astragalean clade. The chloroplast capture scenario was hypothesized as the most plausible explanation of the topological incongruences between the chloroplast CDSs and nuclear ribosomal DNA trees in both the Glycyrrhizinae-Adinobotrys-Wisterieae clade and the Chesneyeae-Caraganeae-Hedysareae clade. A new name, Caragana lidou L. Duan & Z.Y. Chang, is proposed within Caraganeae. Thirteen genera are herein supported within Wisterieae, including a new genus, Villosocallerya L. Duan, J. Compton & Schrire, segregated from Callerya. Our biogeographic analyses suggest that Wisterieae originated in the late Eocene and its most recent common ancestor (MRCA) was distributed in continental southeastern Asia. Lineages of Wisterieae remained in the ancestral area from the early Oligocene to the early Miocene. By the middle Miocene, Whitfordiodendron and the MRCA of Callerya-Kanburia-Villosocallerya Clade became disjunct between the Sunda area and continental southeastern Asia, respectively; the MRCA of Wisteria migrated to North America via the Bering land bridge. The ancestor of Austrocallerya and Padbruggea migrated to the Wallacea-Oceania area, which split in the early Pliocene. In the Pleistocene, Wisteria brachybotrys, W. floribunda and Wisteriopsis japonica reached Japan, and Callerya cinerea dispersed to South Asia. This study provides a solid phylogenomic for further evolutionary/biogeographic/systematic investigations on the ecologically diverse and economically important IRLC legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Shi-Jin Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Chun Su
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yotsawate Sirichamorn
- Silpakorn University, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sanam Chandra Palace Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Li-Na Han
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Phan Ke Lôc
- Department of Botany and HNU, Faculty of Biology, VNU Hanoi University of Science (HUS), Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Jun Wen
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, MRC 166, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, USA.
| | | | - Brian Schrire
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Ze-Long Nie
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, 416000, China
| | - Hong-Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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Choi I, Jansen R, Ruhlman T. Caught in the Act: Variation in plastid genome inverted repeat expansion within and between populations of Medicago minima. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:12129-12137. [PMID: 33209275 PMCID: PMC7663068 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The inverted repeat (IR) lacking clade (IRLC) is a monophyletic group within the Papilionoideae subfamily of Fabaceae where plastid genomes (plastomes) do not contain the large IR typical of land plants. Recently, an IRLC legume, Medicago minima, was found to have regrown a ~9 kb IR that contained a number of canonical IR genes, and closely related M. lupulina contained an incomplete IR of ~425 bp. Complete plastomes were generated for seven additional species, putative members of the M. minima clade. Polymerase chain reaction was employed to investigate the presence of the IR across M. minima and M. lupulina including individuals of nine and eight Eurasian and North African accessions and 15 and 14 Texas populations, respectively. While no sequence similar to the ~9 kb IR was detected among the seven newly sequenced plastomes, all Eurasian and North African accessions of M. minima contained the IR. Variation in IR extent was detected within and between the Texas populations. Expansions of 13 bp and 11 bp occurred at the boundaries of both IR/small single-copy regions, and populations had one or the other expansion, but not both. Expansion of the IR was not detected in the accessions from Eurasia and North Africa suggesting recent mutations yielded at least two additional plastid haplotypes in M. minima.
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Affiliation(s)
- In‐Su Choi
- Department of Integrative BiologyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - Robert Jansen
- Department of Integrative BiologyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience ResearchDepartment of Biological SciencesFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Tracey Ruhlman
- Department of Integrative BiologyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
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Shen J, Shou W, Zhang Y, Yuan G, Zhao Y, Chen J, Havey MJ. Rare maternal and biparental transmission of the cucumber mitochondrial DNA reveals sorting of polymorphisms among progenies. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:1223-1233. [PMID: 30758532 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-03274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We used a mitochondrial (mt) mutant of cucumber to document rare maternal transmission of mt polymorphisms and demonstrate that polymorphisms can become more prevalent and sort to progenies to increase mt DNA diversity. The mitochondrial (mt) DNAs of most angiosperms show maternal inheritance, although relatively rare biparental or paternal transmission has been documented. The mt DNAs of plants in the genus Cucumis (family Cucurbitaceae) are paternally transmitted in intra- and interspecific crosses. MSC16 is an inbred line of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) with a mitochondrially associated mosaic (MSC) phenotype. MSC16 was crossed as the male parent to wild-type cultivar Calypso, and hybrid progenies were evaluated for the wild-type phenotype in order to screen for rare maternal or biparental transmission of the mt DNA. We then used standard and droplet digital (dd) PCR to study the transmission of polymorphic mt markers across three generations. We observed evidence for occasional maternal and biparental transmission of the mt DNA in cucumber. The transmission of specific regions of the maternal mt DNA could be as high as 17.8%, although the amounts of these maternal regions were often much lower relative to paternally transmitted regions. Different combinations of maternal and paternal mt polymorphisms were detected in progenies across generations, indicating that relatively rare maternal regions can be transmitted to progenies and become predominant to increase mt DNA diversity over generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shen
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weisong Shou
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yuejian Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Gaoya Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Michael J Havey
- USDA-ARS and Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Mazer SJ, Gorchov DL. PARENTAL EFFECTS ON PROGENY PHENOTYPE IN PLANTS: DISTINGUISHING GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSES. Evolution 2017; 50:44-53. [PMID: 28568869 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb04471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/1993] [Accepted: 09/06/1994] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The experimental measurement of additive genetic variation in plant populations is complicated by the potential for non-Mendelian inheritance. Maternal influences on progeny phenotype resulting from the cytoplasmic inheritance of plastids or RNA transcripts and effects of the maternal environment have consequently been the focus of much research. To exclude or to control for these sources of variation, breeding designs (e.g., cross-factored, nested, or diallel) in which genetically unrelated pollen donors are mated to maternal genotypes have been adopted. Using these designs, some empirical studies have detected statistically significant differences among pollen donors in the mean performance of their pollen (the mature male gametophytes) or in the mean phenotype of their progeny. These statistical effects of pollen-donor identity on pollen performance or progeny phenotype have frequently been interpreted as evidence for additive genetic variance among pollen donors, although patrilineal cytoplasmic inheritance or effects of the paternal environment on pollen performance or gene expression are recognized as alternative explanations. We note that environment-specific selection among developing gametophytes-in which the environment experienced by developing pollen grains (or ovules) provides a selective force causing the differential survival of gametophyte genotypes (analagous to meiotic drive)-is an additional process that may cause genetically based paternal (or maternal) effects on gametophyte performance. If genes selected during this process are expressed in the sporophyte (postfertilization), this process could also influence the phenotype of the diploid progeny. Here, we review the potential causes of statistically significant differences in mean phenotype among the gametophytes or progeny of maternal (seed-bearing) or paternal (pollen-donating) parental plants. We suggest an experimental approach that permits the detection or elimination of selection among developing gametophytes as one such cause. Specifically, the replication of homozygous parental genotypes within and across environments allows the detection and measurement of paternal and maternal environmentally induced effects on gametophyte or offspring phenotype, while eliminating meiotic drive as a source of the phenotypic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Mazer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106
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Simms EL, Triplett JK. PATERNAL EFFECTS IN INHERITANCE OF A PATHOGEN RESISTANCE TRAIT IN
IPOMOEA PURPUREA. Evolution 2017; 50:2178-2186. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb03608.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/1995] [Accepted: 04/05/1996] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen L. Simms
- Department of Ecology and Evolution The University of Chicago 1101 East 57th Street Chicago Illinois 60637
- Department of Biology, Box 7325 Reynolda Station Wake Forest University Winston‐Salem North Carolina 27109
| | - Jim K. Triplett
- Department of Biology, Box 7325 Reynolda Station Wake Forest University Winston‐Salem North Carolina 27109
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Duan L, Yang X, Liu P, Johnson G, Wen J, Chang Z. A molecular phylogeny of Caraganeae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) reveals insights into new generic and infrageneric delimitations. PHYTOKEYS 2016; 70:111-137. [PMID: 27829801 PMCID: PMC5088706 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.70.9641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Based on sequence data of nuclear ITS and plastid matK, trnL-F and psbA-trnH markers, the phylogeny of the subtribes Caraganinae and Chesneyinae in tribe Caraganeae was inferred. The results support the monophyly of each of the subtribes. Within subtribes Caraganinae, Calophaca and Halimodendron are herein transferred into Caragana to ensure its generic monophyly. The subtribe Chesneyinae is composed of four well-supported genera: Chesneya, Chesniella, Gueldenstaedtia and Tibetia. Based on phylogenetic, morphological, distributional and habitat type evidence, the genus Chesneya was divided into three monophyletic sections: Chesneya sect. Chesneya, Chesneya sect. Pulvinatae and Chesneya sect. Spinosae. Chesneya macrantha is herein transferred into Chesniella. Spongiocarpella is polyphyletic and its generic rank is not maintained. The position of Chesneya was incongruent in the nuclear ITS and the plastid trees. A paternal chloroplast capture event via introgression is hypothesized for the origin of Chesneya, which is postulated to have involved the common ancestor of Chesniella (♂) and that of the Gueldenstaedtia - Tibetia (GUT) clade (♀) as the parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, P.R.China
| | - Xue Yang
- Agriculture School, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, P.R.China
| | - Peiliang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Gabriel Johnson
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, MRC 166, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, 20013-7012, U.S.A.
| | - Jun Wen
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, MRC 166, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, 20013-7012, U.S.A.
| | - Zhaoyang Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Sun M, Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Zhu X, Burleigh JG, Chen Z. Deep phylogenetic incongruence in the angiosperm clade Rosidae. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 83:156-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Maternal inheritance of mitochondrial genomes and complex inheritance of chloroplast genomes in Actinidia Lind.: evidences from interspecific crosses. Mol Genet Genomics 2013; 288:101-10. [PMID: 23337924 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-012-0732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The inheritance pattern of chloroplast and mitochondria is a critical determinant in studying plant phylogenetics, biogeography and hybridization. To better understand chloroplast and mitochondrial inheritance patterns in Actinidia (traditionally called kiwifruit), we performed 11 artificial interspecific crosses and studied the ploidy levels, morphology, and sequence polymorphisms of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of parents and progenies. Sequence analysis showed that the mtDNA haplotypes of F1 hybrids entirely matched those of the female parents, indicating strictly maternal inheritance of Actinidia mtDNA. However, the cpDNA haplotypes of F1 hybrids, which were predominantly derived from the male parent (9 crosses), could also originate from the mother (1 cross) or both parents (1 cross), demonstrating paternal, maternal, and biparental inheritance of Actinidia cpDNA. The inheritance patterns of the cpDNA in Actinidia hybrids differed according to the species and genotypes chosen to be the parents, rather than the ploidy levels of the parent selected. The multiple inheritance modes of Actinidia cpDNA contradicted the strictly paternal inheritance patterns observed in previous studies, and provided new insights into the use of cpDNA markers in studies of phylogenetics, biogeography and introgression in Actinidia and other angiosperms.
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Dudas B, Jenes B, Kiss GB, Maliga P. Spectinomycin resistance mutations in the rrn16 gene are new plastid markers in Medicago sativa. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2012; 125:1517-1523. [PMID: 22791077 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-012-1930-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report here the isolation of spectinomycin-resistant mutants in cultured cells of Medicago sativa line RegenSY-T2. Spectinomycin induces bleaching of cultured alfalfa cells due to inhibition of protein synthesis on the prokaryotic type 70S plastid ribosomes. Spontaneous mutants resistant to spectinomycin bleaching were identified by their ability to form green shoots on plant regeneration medium containing selective spectinomycin concentrations in the range of 25-50 mg/l. Sequencing of the plastid rrn16 gene revealed that spectinomycin resistance is due to mutations in a conserved stem structure of the 16S rRNA. Resistant plants transferred to the greenhouse developed normally and produced spectinomycin-resistant seed progeny. In light of their absence in soybean, a related leguminous plant, the isolation of spectinomycin-resistant mutants in M. sativa was unexpected. The new mutations are useful for the study of plastid inheritance, as demonstrated by detection of predominantly paternal plastid inheritance in the RegenSY-T2 × Szapko57 cross, and can be used as selective markers in plastid transformation vectors to obtain cisgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Dudas
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, Szent-Györgyi Albert u. 4, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
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Wang ZY, Brummer EC. Is genetic engineering ever going to take off in forage, turf and bioenergy crop breeding? ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 110:1317-25. [PMID: 22378838 PMCID: PMC3478041 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic engineering offers the opportunity to generate unique genetic variation that is either absent in the sexually compatible gene pool or has very low heritability. The generation of transgenic plants, coupled with breeding, has led to the production of widely used transgenic cultivars in several major cash crops, such as maize, soybean, cotton and canola. The process for regulatory approval of genetically engineered crops is slow and subject to extensive political interference. The situation in forage grasses and legumes is more complicated. SCOPE Most widely grown forage, turf and bioenergy species (e.g. tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, switchgrass, alfalfa, white clover) are highly self-incompatible and outcrossing. Compared with inbreeding species, they have a high potential to pass their genes to adjacent plants. A major biosafety concern in these species is pollen-mediated transgene flow. Because human consumption is indirect, risk assessment of transgenic forage, turf and bioenergy species has focused on their environmental or ecological impacts. Although significant progress has been made in genetic modification of these species, commercialization of transgenic cultivars is very limited because of the stringent and costly regulatory requirements. To date, the only transgenic forage crop deregulated in the US is 'Roundup Ready' (RR) alfalfa. The approval process for RR alfalfa was complicated, involving several rounds of regulation, deregulation and re-regulation. Nevertheless, commercialization of RR alfalfa is an important step forward in regulatory approval of a perennial outcrossing forage crop. As additional transgenic forage, turf and bioenergy crops are generated and tested, different strategies have been developed to meet regulatory requirements. Recent progress in risk assessment and deregulation of transgenic forage and turf species is summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Yu Wang
- Forage Improvement Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA.
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Havananda T, Brummer EC, Doyle JJ. Complex patterns of autopolyploid evolution in alfalfa and allies (Medicago sativa; Leguminosae). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2011; 98:1633-46. [PMID: 21965136 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Although there is growing evidence that autopolyploidy is a widespread and important evolutionary phenomenon, it has received less attention than allopolyploidy. Medicago sativa comprises several diploid and autopolyploid taxa, including autotetraploid cultivated alfalfa, and affords an opportunity to elucidate the evolutionary history of a morphologically and genetically complex autopolyploid system. METHODS Phylogenies and haplotype networks were constructed from two chloroplast noncoding regions (rpl20-rps12 and trnS-trnG spacers) across seven diploid and polyploid infraspecific taxa of M. sativa and five additional closely related Medicago species, and genetic differentiation was estimated. KEY RESULTS The two most prominent M. sativa autopolyploids have contrasting evolutionary histories. Chloroplast data support a simple autopolyploid origin of subsp. sativa (alfalfa) from diploid subsp. caerulea, from which it is distinguishable in several quantitative characters. In contrast, morphologically identical diploid and autopolyploid cytotypes of subsp. falcata were found to possess very different chloroplast haplotypes, suggesting past introgression from M. prostrata into the polyploid. Despite the presence of hybrids between tetraploid subspecies falcata and sativa, there was little evidence of introgression of chloroplast genomes from either subspecies into the other. CONCLUSIONS Autopolyploid evolution in M. sativa is complicated and has followed very different paths in different subspecific taxa. The potential exists for gene flow in virtually all combinations of subspecies both within and between ploidies, yet despite the existence of hybrids, morphologically and genetically distinctive subspecies persist.
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Matsushima R, Hu Y, Toyoda K, Sakamoto W. The model plant Medicago truncatula exhibits biparental plastid inheritance. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 49:81-91. [PMID: 18065422 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcm170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The plastid, which originated from the endosymbiosis of a cyanobacterium, contains its own plastid DNA (ptDNA) that exhibits a unique mode of inheritance. Approximately 80% of angiosperms show maternal inheritance, whereas the remainder exhibit biparental inheritance of ptDNA. Here we studied ptDNA inheritance in the model legume, Medicago truncatula. Cytological analysis of mature pollen with DNA-specific fluorescent dyes suggested that M. truncatula is one of the few model plants potentially showing biparental inheritance of ptDNA. We further examined pollen by electron microscopy and revealed that the generative cell (a mother of sperm cells) indeed has many DNA-containing plastids. To confirm biparental inheritance genetically, we crossed two ecotypes (Jemalong A17 and A20), and the transmission mode of ptDNA was investigated by a PCR-assisted polymorphism. Consistent with the cytological observations, the majority of F(1) plants possessed ptDNAs from both parents. Interestingly, cotyledons of F(1) plants tended to retain a biparental ptDNA population, while later emergent leaves tended to be uniparental with either one of the parental plastid genotypes. Biparental transmission was obvious in the F(2) population, in which all plants showed homoplasmy with either a paternal or a maternal plastid genotype. Collectively, these data demonstrated that M. truncatula is biparental for ptDNA transmission and thus can be an excellent model to study plastid genetics in angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Matsushima
- Research Institute for Bioresources, Kurashiki University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046 Japan
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Pharmawati M, Yan G, Sedgley R, Finnegan PM. Chloroplast DNA inheritance and variation in Leucadendron species (Proteaceae) as revealed by PCR-RFLP. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2004; 109:1694-1701. [PMID: 15365629 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-004-1800-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2004] [Accepted: 08/17/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The inheritance of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) in Leucadendron species was studied by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. A total of 100 progeny from five interspecific crosses involving seven parental species were tested, and all progeny exhibited the cpDNA restriction fragment pattern of the female parent, indicating that cpDNA in Leucadendron is maternally inherited. PCR-RFLP was also employed to study cpDNA variation among 21 Leucadendron species. Parsimony analysis using a heuristic search resulted in a phylogenetic tree that showed limited agreement to the taxonomic classification of Leucadendron species, based on morphological characteristics. The incongruence between cpDNA phylogenetic and taxonomic groupings in Leucadendron may be due to reticulate evolution involving a combination of hybridization and introgression, convergent evolution and/or lineage sorting at the interspecific, intersubsectional and intersectional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pharmawati
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
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Korpelainen H. The evolutionary processes of mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes differ from those of nuclear genomes. Naturwissenschaften 2004; 91:505-18. [PMID: 15452701 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-004-0571-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper first introduces our present knowledge of the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts, and the organization and inheritance patterns of their genomes, and then carries on to review the evolutionary processes influencing mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes. The differences in evolutionary phenomena between the nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes are highlighted. It is emphasized that varying inheritance patterns and copy numbers among different types of genomes, and the potential advantage achieved through the transfer of many cytoplasmic genes to the nucleus, have important implications for the evolution of nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes. Cytoplasmic genes transferred to the nucleus have joined the more strictly controlled genetic system of the nuclear genome, including also sexual recombination, while genes retained within the cytoplasmic organelles can be involved in selection and drift processes both within and among individuals. Within-individual processes can be either intra- or intercellular. In the case of heteroplasmy, which is attributed to mutations or biparental inheritance, within-individual selection on cytoplasmic DNA may provide a mechanism by which the organism can adapt rapidly. The inheritance of cytoplasmic genomes is not universally maternal. The presence of a range of inheritance patterns indicates that different strategies have been adopted by different organisms. On the other hand, the variability occasionally observed in the inheritance mechanisms of cytoplasmic genomes reduces heritability and increases environmental components in phenotypic features and, consequently, decreases the potential for adaptive evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Dumolin S, Demesure B, Petit RJ. Inheritance of chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes in pedunculate oak investigated with an efficient PCR method. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1995; 91:1253-6. [PMID: 24170054 DOI: 10.1007/bf00220937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/1995] [Accepted: 06/23/1995] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The restriction patterns of two chloroplast fragments and one mitochondrial DNA fragment, amplified by PCR with universal primers, were studied to determine the mode of inheritance of these organelles in 143 progeny of five intraspecific crosses in pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.). The results indicate that both genomes are maternally inherited, an observation which agrees with the commonly observed pattern of inheritance in angiosperms. They confirm that both chloroplast DNA and mitochondrial DNA can be used as a source of seed-specific markers for the study of the geographic structure of oaks. This is the first report of organelle inheritance within the Fagaceae, an important and widespread tree family.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dumolin
- INRA, Laboratoire de génétique et d'amélioration des arbres forestiers, F-33611, Gazinet Cedex, France
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18
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Rajora OP, Mahon JD. Paternal plastid DNA can be inherited in lentil. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1995; 90:607-610. [PMID: 24174016 DOI: 10.1007/bf00222122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/1994] [Accepted: 06/10/1994] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Restriction fragment analysis was used to study the inheritance of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) in F1 progeny from crosses between Lens culinaris ssp. orientalis and L. culinaris ssp. culinaris. Twenty-five combinations of 11 restriction enzymes and three heterologous probes from Petunia hybrida cpDNA were used to screen six accessions of L.c. culinaris and one accession of L. c. orientalis for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). No variation in cpDNA was observed within the subspecies L. c. culinaris, but the L. c. orientalis accession was unambiguously distinguished from all six L. c. culinaris accessions by two RFLPs. Of ten F1 progeny from L. c. orientalis x L. c. culinaris crosses, nine had only maternal cpDNA restriction fragments but one F1 plant inherited cpDNA fragments from both parents. Nuclear DNA inheritance was biparental in all ten F1 progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- O P Rajora
- Plant Biotechnology Institute, National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, S7N OW9, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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19
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Yao JL, Cohen D, Rowland RE. Plastid DNA inheritance and plastome-genome incompatibility in interspecific hybrids of Zantedeschia (Araceae). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1994; 88:255-260. [PMID: 24185935 DOI: 10.1007/bf00225906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/1993] [Accepted: 09/09/1993] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Plastid DNA (ptDNA) probes were used in RFLP analysis to determine ptDNA inheritance in interspecific hybrids in Zantedeschia. Biparental and maternal ptDNA inheritance was found in albino hybrids between the evergreen species Z. aethiopica and several winter-dormant species. From two albino hybrids, different types of ptDNA were detected in shoots derived from different parts of an embryo. This result indicates that plastids were sorted out during embryo development. Only maternal ptDNA was detected in the hybrids of Z. aethiopica × Z. odorata (a summer-dormant species) but paternal, biparental, and maternal ptDNA were found in the hybrids of the reciprocal cross. Z. odorata × Z. aethiopica. By correlating these ptDNA inheritance patterns with the leaf colour (albino, pale-green, and green) of the hybrids, it is suggested that the Z. odorata plastome is incompatible with the Z. aethiopica genome. The Z. aethiopica plastome is partially compatible with the Z. odorata genome but the development of Z. aethiopica plastids appears to be blocked by the presence of the Z. odorata plastids.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Yao
- Department of Plant Biology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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20
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Fauré S, Noyer JL, Carreel F, Horry JP, Bakry F, Lanaud C. Maternal inheritance of chloroplast genome and paternal inheritance of mitochondrial genome in bananas (Musa acuminata). Curr Genet 1994; 25:265-9. [PMID: 7923414 DOI: 10.1007/bf00357172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were used as markers to determine the transmission of cytoplasmic DNA in diploid banana crosses. Progenies from two controlled crosses were studied with heterologous cytoplasmic probes. This analysis provided evidence for a strong bias towards maternal transmission of chloroplast DNA and paternal transmission of mitochondrial DNA in Musa acuminata. These results suggest the existence of two separate mechanisms of organelle transmission and selection, but no model to explain this can be proposed at the present time. Knowledge of the organelle mode of inheritance constitutes an important point for phylogeny analyses in bananas and may offer a powerful tool to confirm hybrid origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fauré
- CIRAD-BIOTROP, Montpellier, France
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21
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Fitter JT, Rose RJ. Investigation of chloroplast DNA heteroplasmy in Medicago sativa L. using cultured tissue. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1993; 86:65-70. [PMID: 24193384 DOI: 10.1007/bf00223809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/1992] [Accepted: 09/03/1992] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Medicago sativa L. cv Regen S is heteroplasmic for chloroplast DNA (cpDNA). Previous analyses of regenerated plants have shown a predominance of one of the cpDNAs which we have designated type A (the other we have designated type B). Studies of the replication of the two cpDNAs in tissue culture were carried out using leaflet expiants with defined cpDNA types and a distinguishing probe. The explants obtained showed a bias toward type A cpDNA during tissue culture. The data suggest that chloroplasts with different DNAs in a common nuclear background can multiply at different rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Fitter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, 2308, NSW, Australia
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22
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Tilney-Bassett RA, Almouslem AB, Amoatey HM. Complementary genes control biparental plastid inheritance in Pelargonium. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1992; 85:317-324. [PMID: 24197321 DOI: 10.1007/bf00222876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/1992] [Accepted: 04/23/1992] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Zonal pelargoniums exhibit biparental plastid inheritance. After G x W plastid crosses the progeny are a mixture of green, variegated and white embryos corresponding to a maternal, biparental or paternal inheritance of plastids, respectively. There are two patterns of segregation: type-I females have families in which the majority of embryos are green, variegated are of intermediate frequency and white are the least frequent. Type-II females have families in which green and white embryos are present at about the same frequency and variegated are the least common. The results of many selfs and crosses made within and between 8 type-I and 8 type-II plants led us to conclude that the type of female was determined by its genotype with respect to a pair of complementary genes. Plants giving rise to the type-II pattern contained one or two copies of the dominant alleles of both genes, whereas in the absence of either one or both dominant alleles the plants were type I. The genes were called Pr1/pr1 and Pr2/pr2, an adaptation of symbolism used previously. All 8 type IIs were double heterozygotes Pr1pr1, Pr2pr2, whereas we found 3 genotypes among the type Is, Pr1Pr1, pr2pr2; pr1pr1, Pr2Pr2 and pr1pr1, Pr2pr2. In unrelated experiments we found type IIs of which some were again double heterozygotes and others single heterozygotes Pr1pr1, Pr2Pr2 or Pr1Pr1, Pr2pr2. The model displaces an earlier model based on the proposed operation of a gametophytic lethal or incompatibility system.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Tilney-Bassett
- School of Biological Sciences, University College of Swansea, SA2 8PP, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales
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25
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Mejnartowicz M. Inheritance of chloroplast DNA inPopulus. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1991; 82:477-80. [PMID: 24213265 DOI: 10.1007/bf00588602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/1991] [Accepted: 04/30/1991] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were used as markers to determine the transmission of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) in poplar crosses. The plant material studied included individual trees ofPopulus trichocarpa, P. maximowiczii xtrichocarpa, P. maximowiczii xnigra, and offspring from controlled crosses between these trees. RFLPs were identified by direct observation of stained restriction fragments, as well as by molecular hybridization with heterologous cpDNA probes. Analysis of the restriction fragment patterns in the parents and their progeny showed only the patterns of the maternal tree in the progeny, while no paternal type was found. These results provide clear evidence of a maternal mode of chloroplast inheritance in the poplar clones studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mejnartowicz
- Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Plant Breeding, University of Göttingen, W-3400, Göttingen, FRG
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Zhu T, Mogensen HL, Smith SE. Quantitative cytology of the alfalfa generative cell and its relation to male plastid inheritance patterns in three genotypes. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1991; 81:21-26. [PMID: 24221154 DOI: 10.1007/bf00226107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/1990] [Accepted: 09/05/1990] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Studies utilizing restriction analysis of plastid DNA, as well as those employing chlorophyll-deficient mutants, have shown a high frequency of paternal plastid transmission in alfalfa. Recent research has also shown that plastid inheritance patterns among alfalfa genotypes and are under genetic control. In a previous study we were unable to detect any correlations between qualitative, three-dimensional ultrastructure of generative cells and male plastid transmission strength in certain genotypes. In the present study we used serial ultrathin sectioning, computerized reconstruction and quantitation, and stereology to further analyze generative cells within mature pollen. Measurements included volumes and surface areas of cells, nuclei, and organelles, as well as organelle number and distribution. Three genotypes were investigated, one that is a strong transmitter of male plastids (genotype 301), one that is a weaker transmitter of male plastids (genotype 7W), and a third that is an even weaker male plastid transmitter (genotype MS-5). Our results show that genotype MS-5 has significantly fewer plastids/generative cell than either of the other genotypes, which may account for it being a relatively poor transmitter of male plastids. However, plastid number does not explain known differences in male plastid inheritance between genotypes 301 and 7W, since plastid number does not differ significantly between these two genotypes. Regarding the other features of generative cells measured in this study, no consistent correlations were found that might account for differences in male plastid inheritance patterns between genotypes. Plastid distribution is equal in each end of the spindle-shaped generative cell in all genotypes studied. Similar relative results were found with regard to mitochondria within generative cells; however, comparative genetic data are not available on mitochondrial transmission patterns in alfalfa genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Box 5640, 86011, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
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