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Chepur SV, Pluzhnikov NN, Chubar OV, Bakulina LS, Litvinenko IV, Makarov VA, Gogolevsky AS, Myasnikov VA, Myasnikova IA, Al-Shehadat RI. Respiratory RNA Viruses: How to Be Prepared for an Encounter with New Pandemic Virus Strains. BIOLOGY BULLETIN REVIEWS 2021; 11. [PMCID: PMC8078390 DOI: 10.1134/s207908642102002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of the biology of influenza viruses and coronavirus that determine the implementation of the infectious process are presented. With provision for pathogenesis of infection possible effects of serine proteinase inhibitors, heparin, and inhibitors of heparan sulfate receptors in the prevention of cell contamination by viruses are examined. It has been determined that chelators of metals of variable valency and antioxidants should be used for the reduction of replicative activity of viruses and anti-inflammatory therapy. The possibility of a pH-dependent impairment of glycosylation of cellular and viral proteins was traced for chloroquine and its derivatives. The use of low-toxicity drugs as part of adjunct therapy increases the effectiveness of synthetic antiviral drugs and interferons and ensures the safety of baseline therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. V. Chepur
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N. N. Pluzhnikov
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - O. V. Chubar
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - L. S. Bakulina
- Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | | | - V. A. Makarov
- Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. S. Gogolevsky
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V. A. Myasnikov
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I. A. Myasnikova
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - R. I. Al-Shehadat
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Makarov V, Riabova O, Ekins S, Pluzhnikov N, Chepur S. The past, present and future of RNA respiratory viruses: influenza and coronaviruses. Pathog Dis 2020; 78:ftaa046. [PMID: 32860686 PMCID: PMC7499567 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus and coronaviruses continue to cause pandemics across the globe. We now have a greater understanding of their functions. Unfortunately, the number of drugs in our armory to defend us against them is inadequate. This may require us to think about what mechanisms to address. Here, we review the biological properties of these viruses, their genetic evolution and antiviral therapies that can be used or have been attempted. We will describe several classes of drugs such as serine protease inhibitors, heparin, heparan sulfate receptor inhibitors, chelating agents, immunomodulators and many others. We also briefly describe some of the drug repurposing efforts that have taken place in an effort to rapidly identify molecules to treat patients with COVID-19. While we put a heavy emphasis on the past and present efforts, we also provide some thoughts about what we need to do to prepare for respiratory viral threats in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Makarov
- Federal Research Center Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33-2 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Olga Riabova
- Federal Research Center Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33-2 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Nikolay Pluzhnikov
- State Research Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, St Petersburg 195043, Russia
| | - Sergei Chepur
- State Research Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, St Petersburg 195043, Russia
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Mubagwa K. Cardiac effects and toxicity of chloroquine: a short update. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 56:106057. [PMID: 32565195 PMCID: PMC7303034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is currently increased interest in the use of the antimalarial drugs chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of other diseases, including cancer and viral infections such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the risk of cardiotoxic effects tends to limit their use. In this review, the effects of these drugs on the electrical and mechanical activities of the heart as well as on remodelling of cardiac tissue are presented and the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are discussed. The drugs can have proarrhythmic as well as antiarrhythmic actions resulting from their inhibition of ion channels, including voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channels, background and voltage-dependent K+ channels, and pacemaker channels. The drugs also exert a vagolytic effect due at least in part to a muscarinic receptor antagonist action. They also interfere with normal autophagy flux, an effect that could aggravate ischaemia/reperfusion injury or post-infarct remodelling. Most of the toxic effects occur at high concentrations, following prolonged drug administration or in the context of drug associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanigula Mubagwa
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, DR Congo.
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Chen XP, Fan CD, Su L, Zhao BX, Miao JY. A synthesized butyrolactone derivative in combination with chloroquine can inhibit cancer cell growth and lysosome vacuolation induced by chloroquine in A549 lung cancer cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02533a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
3BDO in combination with chloroquine could elevate the Na+,K+-ATPase activity and decrease the expression of competing endogenous non-coding RNA TGFB2-OT1. Therefore, the combination inhibited the cells growth and lysosomal vacuolation induced by CQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Peng Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology
- School of Life Science
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Chuan-Dong Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology
- School of Life Science
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Le Su
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology
- School of Life Science
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Bao-Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Jun-Ying Miao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology
- School of Life Science
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
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5
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Achudume AC, Nwoha PU, Olarenwaju GI. Influence of a low protein diet on serum transaminases, hepatic enzymes and lipid peroxidation in chloroquine treated rats. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/09637489709028580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Huang B, Meng N, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Miao J. Protective Effects of a Synthesized Butyrolactone Derivative against Chloroquine-Induced Autophagic Vesicle Accumulation and the Disturbance of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Na+,K+-ATPase Activity in Vascular Endothelial Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 22:471-5. [DOI: 10.1021/tx8002824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huang
- Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, and The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ning Meng
- Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, and The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan 250100, China
| | - BaoXiang Zhao
- Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, and The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, and The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, and The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan 250100, China
| | - ShangLi Zhang
- Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, and The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan 250100, China
| | - JunYing Miao
- Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China, and The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan 250100, China
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7
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Namazi MR. The potential negative impact of proton pump inhibitors on the immunopharmacologic effects of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. Lupus 2009; 18:104-105. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203308097574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- MR Namazi
- Dermatology Department, Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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8
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Abstract
The antimalarials, mainly chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, derive from the quinoleine core of quinine. Their initial therapeutic indication was the treatment of malaria attacks but, because of anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory activities, they have been since used to treat many other pathologies, in particular dermatological ones. For some of these pathologies, lupus or porphyria cutanea tarda for example, the use of these molecules is based on obvious scientific evidence. For other pathologies (cutaneous sarcoidosis, polymyositis, polymorphous light eruption...), the data on the medical literature corroborating the daily clinical practice are extremely poor. Their toxicity is limited. Their most common toxic effects are gastrointestinal (mild nausea or diarrhea) or mucocutaneous (reversible skin or mucosal pigmentation). Their most serious and dreaded side effect, retinopathy, can be largely prevented by using amounts of APS adapted to the weight of the patients. The recommended "safe" daily dose for hydroxychloroquine is 6.5 mg per kilogramme of body weight and for chloroquine 4 mg per kilogramme of body weight. However, at 6- to 12 months intervals, follow-up eye examinations should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fardet
- Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 51, avenue Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94000 Créteil
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Müller-Höcker J, Schmid H, Weiss M, Dendorfer U, Braun GS. Chloroquine-induced phospholipidosis of the kidney mimicking Fabry's disease: case report and review of the literature. Hum Pathol 2003; 34:285-9. [PMID: 12673565 DOI: 10.1053/hupa.2003.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A 46-year-old female patient with Sjögren's syndrome, hypertension, and stable chronic renal insufficiency (creatinine [CR], 1.9 to 2.1 mg/dL) had a progressive worsening of renal function (CR, 5.0 mg/dL) after 11 months of chloroquine therapy (155 mg/day; cumulative dose of approximately 51 g). Light microscopy revealed nonspecific angionephrosclerosis. Electron microscopy showed accumulations of lamellated myelinoid material and occasionally also of curvilinear bodies, especially in the glomerular podocytes and to a lesser extent in vascular myothelial and endothelial cells. In the tubular system, mainly protein droplets were stored. Activity of alpha-galactosidase A was normal in isolated leukocytes (56 nmol/mg; range, 33.2 to 109 nmol/mg), ruling out Fabry's disease. Clinical, morphological, and biochemical findings were consistent with chloroquine-associated deterioration of renal function that improved considerably after discontinuation of chloroquine treatment. Adverse effects of chloroquine may aggravate preexisting renal disease. Electron microscopy is a worthwhile tool for establishing the correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Müller-Höcker
- Pathologische Institut and medizinische Klinik-Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitãt, Munich, Germany
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10
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Musabayane CT, Wargent ET, Balment RJ. Chloroquine inhibits arginine vasopressin production in isolated rat inner medullary segments induced cAMP collecting duct. Ren Fail 2000; 22:27-37. [PMID: 10718278 DOI: 10.1081/jdi-100100848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that acute chloroquine administration increases plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentration in the rat without influencing urine flow rate. The present study was designed to investigate whether chloroquine inhibits the AVP-induced cAMP production that mediates the antidiuretic effects of vasopressin. Single inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) segments were pre-incubated at 35 degrees C for 10 min followed by 4 min at 37 degrees C with combinations of AVP and/or chloroquine with 1 mM 3-isobutyl-I-methylxanthine (IBMX) and cAMP concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. To establish the possible site of interference in cAMP production IMCD segments were incubated in the presence of chloroquine and forskolin. Chloroquine at concentrations ranging from 10(-9) M to 10(-6) M did not affect cAMP production by comparison with control. However, AVP (10(-8) M) and forskolin (10(-6) M) significantly (p < 0.01) increased cAMP accumulation. Chloroquine at all concentrations significantly suppressed the AVP stimulated cAMP production (e.g., chloroquine (10(-8) M) + AVP (10(-8) M) 41 +/- 12 fmol/4 mm (n = 9 tubules) vs. AVP (10(-8) M) alone 82 +/- 9 fmol/4 min/mm (n = 37 tubules). Chloroquine at all concentrations tested did not have any effect an forskolin-induced cAMP production. The data suggest that chloroquine inhibits the AVP induced cAMP production at the level of hormone/receptor complex. This possibly explains the previously reported lack of the normal antidiuretic responses of AVP in rats following chloroquine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Musabayane
- Department of Physiology, University of Zimbabwe, School of Medicine, Mount Pleasant Harare.
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Bhattacharyya D, Sen PC. The effect of binding of chlorpromazine and chloroquine to ion transporting ATPases. Mol Cell Biochem 1999; 198:179-85. [PMID: 10497894 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006902031255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of ion transporting ATPases (Na+,K+-ATPase, Ca2+,Mg2+- and Ca2+-ATPase) by two amphiphilic drugs e.g. chlorpromazine (antipsychotic) and chloroquine (antimalarial) are found to be competitive in nature in vitro with respect to the substrate. Two binding sites - high and low affinity are found to exist on all the three ATPases toward these drugs as evident from the plot of F/F0 vs. different drug concentrations of tryptophan fluorescence of the enzymes. Circular dichroism analysis suggest that binding of drugs to the high affinity site does not involve any change in conformation of ATPase molecules which occur only when drug binds to the low affinity sites. The drug binding sites and possible effect on conformational change of ATPase molecules of these two drugs have been described in this report.
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12
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Skinner-Adams T, Davis TM. Synergistic in vitro antimalarial activity of omeprazole and quinine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43:1304-6. [PMID: 10223960 PMCID: PMC89267 DOI: 10.1128/aac.43.5.1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole has antimalarial activity in vitro. The interactions of omeprazole with commonly used antimalarial drugs were assessed in vitro. Omeprazole and quinine combinations were synergistic; however, chloroquine and omeprazole combinations were antagonistic. Artemisinin drugs had additive antimalarial activities with omeprazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Skinner-Adams
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia 6160, Australia.
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13
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Ghigo D, Aldieri E, Todde R, Costamagna C, Garbarino G, Pescarmona G, Bosia A. Chloroquine stimulates nitric oxide synthesis in murine, porcine, and human endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 1998; 102:595-605. [PMID: 9691096 PMCID: PMC508920 DOI: 10.1172/jci1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical involved in the regulation of many cell functions and in the expression of several diseases. We have found that the antimalarial and antiinflammatory drug, chloroquine, is able to stimulate NO synthase (NOS) activity in murine, porcine, and human endothelial cells in vitro: the increase of enzyme activity is dependent on a de novo synthesis of some regulatory protein, as it is inhibited by cycloheximide but is not accompanied by an increased expression of inducible or constitutive NOS isoforms. Increased NO synthesis is, at least partly, responsible for chloroquine-induced inhibition of cell proliferation: indeed, NOS inhibitors revert the drug-evoked blockage of mitogenesis and ornithine decarboxylase activity in murine and porcine endothelial cells. The NOS-activating effect of chloroquine is dependent on its weak base properties, as it is exerted also by ammonium chloride, another lysosomotropic agent. Both compounds activate NOS by limiting the availability of iron: their stimulating effects on NO synthesis and inhibiting action on cell proliferation are reverted by iron supplementation with ferric nitrilotriacetate, and are mimicked by incubation with desferrioxamine. Our results suggest that NO synthesis can be stimulated in endothelial cells by chloroquine via an impairment of iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ghigo
- Department of Genetics, Biology, and Biochemistry, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy.
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Pfau G, Westphal S, Dietzmann K, von Bossanyi P, Augustin W. Chloroquine effects on intrauterine and postnatal dendritic maturation of hippocampal neurons and on lipid composition of the developing rat brain. EXPERIMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE GESELLSCHAFT FUR TOXIKOLOGISCHE PATHOLOGIE 1997; 49:361-7. [PMID: 9455683 DOI: 10.1016/s0940-2993(97)80115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyse the intrauterine effects of Chloroquine on the dendritic maturation in the hippocampal region under considering of the lipid composition in brain tissue. 131 brains of rat pups from day 22 of pregnancy and 49 brains from offsprings from day 7 of life were investigated. The findings indicate changes in the geometric dendritic architecture of the CA3 neurons on the 7th day of life. The length of apical shaft, apical dendrites and basilar dendrites of the CA3 neurons showed a significant elongation (p < 0.05) under low doses of Chloroquine. Furthermore a early considerable formation of dendritic spines during the intrauterine period could be observed for CA1 spines at the day 22 p.c. A significant increase of the fatty acids, a reduced amount of sphingomyelines, cephalines and gangliosides was found. These results underline the fact of a mild toxic effect under a low dosis of Chloroquine in our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pfau
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical School, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany
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15
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Lipid perturbation of liposomal membrane of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine by chloroquine sulphate — a fluorescence anisotropic study. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0927-7765(94)01155-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Trottein F, Cowman AF. Molecular cloning and sequence of two novel P-type adenosinetriphosphatases from Plasmodium falciparum. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1995; 227:214-25. [PMID: 7851389 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We have identified two novel P-type ATPase genes from Plasmodium falciparum and report the full-length nucleotide and derived amino acid sequence of the ATPase2 gene from P. falciparum (PfATPase2). PfATPase2 is phylogenetically remote from the different members of prokaryotic and mammalian P-type ATPases but shares features with a putative membrane-spanning Ca2+ ATPase involved in ribosome function in yeast. PfATPase2 is expressed during the intraerythrocytic life cycle of the parasite and appears to be required in the late stages of its asexual development. We also present the partial sequence of another malarial gene displaying sequence similarity with the family of P-type transporting ATPases (PfATPase4). We have analysed the organisation of the genes encoding the P-type ATPases of P. falciparum and show that they are a highly dispersed gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Trottein
- A.F. Cowman, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
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17
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Chandra S, Adhikary G, Sikdar R, Sen PC. An Na+/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor protein from rat brain cytosol. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1993; 1144:33-8. [PMID: 8394134 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(93)90027-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A protein isolated from rat brain cytosol is found to inhibit Na+/K(+)-ATPase in rat brain and kidney and H+/K(+)-ATPase from toad gastric mucosa, but has no effect on Ca2+,Mg(2+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase isolated either from rat testis or goat spermatozoa. The inhibitor has been partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by gel-filtration through Sephadex G-100. The inhibitor seems to bind at or close to the ATP binding site of Na+/K(+)-ATPase, such that the binding of the inhibitor to ATPase is reversible and competitive in nature with respect to the substrate. Optimum inhibition is observed at around the phase transition temperature of brain Na+/K(+)-ATPase and the inhibitory activity is only partially dependent on -SH or -NH2 group(s) of the inhibitor protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, Calcutta, India
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