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Patial A, Saini AG, Kaur R, Kapoor S, Sharda S, Kumar P, Singhi S, Singhi P, Dwivedi I, Malik VS, Tageja M, Didwal G, Kaur G, Varughese B, Attri SV. Detection of IEMs by Mass Spectrometry Techniques in High-Risk Children: A Pilot Study. Indian J Pediatr 2022; 89:885-893. [PMID: 35713767 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-022-04207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence and types of inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) in high-risk children using mass spectrometry techniques. METHODS Children considered high-risk for IEM were screened for metabolic diseases during a 3-y period. Dried blood spots and urine samples were analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GCMS). Samples with abnormal amino acids were confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS Eight hundred and twenty-two suspected cases were evaluated; of which, 87 possible cases of IEMs were identified. Homocystinuria (n = 51) was the most common IEM detected followed by biotinidase deficiency (n = 7), glutaric aciduria type 1 (n = 7), and carnitine uptake defect (n = 6). Overall, there were 45 (51.7%) cases of organic acidemia, 31 cases (35.6%) of amino acid defect, 9 (10.3%) cases of fatty-acid oxidation disorders, and 2 (2.3%) cases of probable mitochondrial disorder. CONCLUSION IEMs are common in India, with a hospital-based incidence of 1 in approximately 6642 among high-risk children. Screening of high-risk children by mass spectrometry techniques is a valuable strategy for early diagnosis of IEMs where universal newborn screening is not yet available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Patial
- Pediatric Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Arushi Gahlot Saini
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajdeep Kaur
- Pediatric Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Seema Kapoor
- Division of Genetics, Genetic & Metabolic Lab, Lok Nayak Hospital & Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Unit, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunit Singhi
- Pediatric Neurology and Neurodevelopment, Medanta, The Medicity, Haryana, Gurgaon, India
| | - Pratibha Singhi
- Pediatric Neurology and Neurodevelopment, Medanta, The Medicity, Haryana, Gurgaon, India
| | - Isha Dwivedi
- Pediatric Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Vivek Singh Malik
- Pediatric Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Mini Tageja
- Pediatric Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Gunjan Didwal
- Pediatric Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Gursimran Kaur
- Pediatric Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Bijo Varughese
- Division of Genetics, Genetic & Metabolic Lab, Lok Nayak Hospital & Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Savita Verma Attri
- Pediatric Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Rossignol F, Duarte Moreno MS, Benoist JF, Boehm M, Bourrat E, Cano A, Chabrol B, Cosson C, Díaz JLD, D'Harlingue A, Dimmock D, Freeman AF, García MT, Garganta C, Goerge T, Halbach SS, de Laffolie J, Lam CT, Martin L, Martins E, Meinhardt A, Melki I, Ombrello AK, Pérez N, Quelhas D, Scott A, Slavotinek AM, Soares AR, Stein SL, Süßmuth K, Thies J, Ferreira CR, Schiff M. Quantitative analysis of the natural history of prolidase deficiency: description of 17 families and systematic review of published cases. Genet Med 2021; 23:1604-1615. [PMID: 34040193 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Prolidase deficiency is a rare inborn error of metabolism causing ulcers and other skin disorders, splenomegaly, developmental delay, and recurrent infections. Most of the literature is constituted of isolated case reports. We aim to provide a quantitative description of the natural history of the condition by describing 19 affected individuals and reviewing the literature. METHODS Nineteen patients were phenotyped per local institutional procedures. A systematic review following PRISMA criteria identified 132 articles describing 161 patients. Main outcome analyses were performed for manifestation frequency, diagnostic delay, overall survival, symptom-free survival, and ulcer-free survival. RESULTS Our cohort presented a wide variability of severity. Autoimmune disorders were found in 6/19, including Crohn disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and arthritis. Another immune finding was hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Half of published patients were symptomatic by age 4 and had a delayed diagnosis (mean delay 11.6 years). Ulcers were present initially in only 30% of cases, with a median age of onset at 12 years old. CONCLUSION Prolidase deficiency has a broad range of manifestations. Symptoms at onset may be nonspecific, likely contributing to the diagnostic delay. Testing for this disorder should be considered in any child with unexplained autoimmunity, lower extremity ulcers, splenomegaly, or HLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Rossignol
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marvid S Duarte Moreno
- Reference Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Benoist
- Reference Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital universitaire Necker-Enfants malades, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Manfred Boehm
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Bourrat
- Reference Center for Genodermatoses MAGEC Saint Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital universitaire Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Aline Cano
- Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Timone Enfants, Marseille, France
| | - Brigitte Chabrol
- Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Timone Enfants, Marseille, France
| | - Claudine Cosson
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Arthur D'Harlingue
- Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - David Dimmock
- Project Baby Bear, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra F Freeman
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - María Tallón García
- Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Vigo, Spain
| | - Cheryl Garganta
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tobias Goerge
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sara S Halbach
- University of Chicago Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jan de Laffolie
- University Children's Hospital, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christina T Lam
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ludovic Martin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Andrea Meinhardt
- University Children's Hospital, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Melki
- General Pediatrics, Infectious Disease and Internal Medicine Department, Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Reference Center for Rheumatic, Autoimmune and Systemic Diseases in Children (RAISE), Paris, France.,Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Department, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Reference Center for Rheumatic, Autoimmune and Systemic Diseases in Children (RAISE), Paris, France.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Amanda K Ombrello
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Noémie Pérez
- Centre Hospitalier de Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France
| | - Dulce Quelhas
- Centro de Genética Médica Doutor Jacinto Magalhães, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS, UP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Anna Scott
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anne M Slavotinek
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital San Francisco, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Sarah L Stein
- University of Chicago Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kira Süßmuth
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jenny Thies
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carlos R Ferreira
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Manuel Schiff
- Reference Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Reference Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital universitaire Necker-Enfants malades, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
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Sato S, Ohnishi T, Uejima Y, Furuichi M, Fujinaga S, Imai K, Nakamura K, Kawano Y, Suganuma E. Induction therapy with rituximab for lupus nephritis due to prolidase deficiency. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 59:e57-e59. [PMID: 32107546 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoji Uejima
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology
| | | | | | - Kohsuke Imai
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo
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Falik-Zaccai TC, Khayat M, Luder A, Frenkel P, Magen D, Brik R, Gershoni-Baruch R, Mandel H. A broad spectrum of developmental delay in a large cohort of prolidase deficiency patients demonstrates marked interfamilial and intrafamilial phenotypic variability. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:46-56. [PMID: 19308961 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Prolidase deficiency (PD) is a rare, pan-ethnic, autosomal recessive disease with a broad phenotypic spectrum. Seventeen causative mutations in the PEPD gene have been reported worldwide. The purpose of this study is to characterize, clinically and molecularly, 20 prolidase deficient patients of Arab Moslem and Druze origin from 10 kindreds residing in northern Israel. All PD patients manifested developmental delay and facial dysmorphism. Typical PD dermatological symptoms, splenomegaly, and recurrent respiratory infections presented in varying degrees. Two patients had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and one a novel cystic fibrosis phenotype. Direct DNA sequencing revealed two novel missense mutations, A212P and L368R. In addition, a previously reported S202F mutation was detected in 17 patients from seven Druze and three Arab Moslem kindreds. Patients homozygous for the S202F mutation manifest considerable interfamilial and intrafamilial phenotypic variability. The high prevalence of this mutation among Arab Moslems and Druze residing in northern Israel, and the presence of an identical haplotype along 500,000 bp in patients and their parents, suggests a founder event tracing back to before the breakaway of the Druze from mainstream Moslem society.
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5
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Kurien BT, Patel NC, Porter AC, D'Souza A, Miller D, Matsumoto H, Wang H, Scofield RH. Prolidase deficiency and the biochemical assays used in its diagnosis. Anal Biochem 2005; 349:165-75. [PMID: 16298326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2005] [Revised: 10/10/2005] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biji T Kurien
- Arthritis and Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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6
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Kurien BT, Patel NC, Porter AC, Kurono S, Matsumoto H, Wang H, Scofield RH. Determination of prolidase activity using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2004; 331:224-9. [PMID: 15265726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2004.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Proline-containing peptides of the X-proline type are cleaved by the dipeptidase prolidase. The classical method of prolidase assay relied on the colorimetric estimation of the liberated proline with ninhydrin using acidic media and heat. This method, however, gave inconsistent results due to the nonspecificity of the ninhydrin color reaction. We report here a method for the detection of the liberated proline using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Human sera were incubated with a mixture containing the dipeptide glycyl-proline in Tris-HCl supplemented with manganese at 37 degrees C for 24h. The samples were precipitated with trifluoroacetic acid and centrifuged. An aliquot of the supernatant was mixed with an equal volume of ferulic acid solution. An aliquot from this mixture was spotted on a stainless steel mass spectrometry grid and analyzed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The activity of the enzyme was determined by the complete disappearance of the glycyl-proline peak with the concomitant appearance of the proline peak and can be expressed in terms of the ratio of the area beneath the proline to the area beneath the glycyl-proline peak. Subjects homozygous for prolidase deficiency had a ratio ranging from 0.006 to 0.04 while obligatory heterozygotes had a ratio ranging from around 1.1 to 2.4. Normal subjects had ratios ranging from 9 to 239. Using this method we have unambiguously identified subjects with homozygous or heterozygous prolidase deficiency. In addition to the advantage of rapid sample preparation time, this method is highly specific, reproducible, and sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biji T Kurien
- Arthritis and Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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7
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Ikeda K, Tohyama J, Tsujino S, Sato K, Oono T, Arata J, Endo F, Sakuragawa N. Amelioration of prolidase deficiency in fibroblasts using adenovirus mediated gene transfer. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 1997; 42:401-8. [PMID: 12503186 DOI: 10.1007/bf02766940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Prolidase deficiency is an autosomal recessive inherited disease characterized clinically by frequent infections, mental retardation, and various skin lesions. Fundamental treatments for these manifestations have not been established. We performed adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of human prolidase cDNA into fibroblasts from patients with prolidase deficiency. Infection with the adenovirus vector carrying human prolidase cDNA increased prolidase activity in fibroblasts up to approximately 7.5 times of that of normal control fibroblasts. This indicates the feasibility of adenovirus-mediated gene therapy to treat patients with prolidase deficiency in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ikeda
- Department of Inherited Metabolic Disease, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187, Japan
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8
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Tanoue A, Endo F, Akaboshi I, Oono T, Arata J, Matsuda I. Molecular defect in siblings with prolidase deficiency and absence or presence of clinical symptoms. A 0.8-kb deletion with breakpoints at the short, direct repeat in the PEPD gene and synthesis of abnormal messenger RNA and inactive polypeptide. J Clin Invest 1991; 87:1171-6. [PMID: 2010534 PMCID: PMC295128 DOI: 10.1172/jci115115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolidase deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder with highly variable symptoms, including mental retardation, skin lesions, and abnormalities of collagenous tissues. In Japanese female siblings with polypeptide negative prolidase deficiency, and with different degrees of severity of skin lesions, we noted an abnormal mRNA with skipping of 192 bp sequence corresponding to exon 14 in lymphoblastoid cells taken from these patients. Transfection and expression analyses using the mutant prolidase cDNA revealed that a mutant protein translated from the abnormal mRNA had an Mr of 49,000 and was enzymatically inactive. A 774-bp deletion, including exon 14 was noted in the prolidase gene. The deletion had termini within short, direct repeats ranging in size of 7 bp (CCACCCT). The "slipped mispairing" mechanism may predominate in the generation of the deletion at this locus. This mutation caused a 192-bp in-frame deletion of prolidase mRNA and was inherited from the consanguineous parents. The same mutation caused a different degree of clinical phenotype of prolidase deficiency in this family, therefore factor(s) not related to the PEPD gene product also contribute to development of the clinical symptoms. Identification of mutations in the PEPD gene from subjects with prolidase deficiency provides further insight into the physiological role and structure-function relationship of this biologically important enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tanoue
- Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University Medical School, Japan
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9
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Tanoue A, Endo F, Kitano A, Matsuda I. A single nucleotide change in the prolidase gene in fibroblasts from two patients with polypeptide positive prolidase deficiency. Expression of the mutant enzyme in NIH 3T3 cells. J Clin Invest 1990; 86:351-5. [PMID: 2365824 PMCID: PMC296729 DOI: 10.1172/jci114708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolidase deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by mental retardation and various skin lesions. Cultured skin fibroblasts were obtained from two independent patients with abnormal prolidase. Using the polymerase chain reaction, we amplified the entire coding region of human prolidase mRNA derived from patients' fibroblasts. Nucleotide sequence analysis of amplified cDNA products revealed a G to A substitution at position 826 in exon 12, where aspartic acid was replaced by asparagine at the amino acid residue 276, in cells from both patients. An analysis of the DNA showed that the substitution was homozygous. An expression plasmid clone containing a normal human prolidase cDNA (pEPD-W) or mutant prolidase cDNA (pEPD-M) was prepared, transfected, and tested for expression in NIH 3T3 cells. Incorporation of pEPD-W and pEPD-M resulted in the synthesis of an immunological polypeptide that corresponded to human prolidase. Active human enzyme was detected in cells transfected with pEPD-W, but not in those transfected with pEPD-M. These results were compatible with our observation of fibroblasts and confirmed that the substitution was responsible for the enzyme deficiency. As active prolidase was recovered in prolidase-deficient fibroblasts transfected with pEPD-W, this restoration of prolidase activity after transfection means that gene replacement therapy for individuals with this human disorder can be given due consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tanoue
- Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University Medical School, Japan
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10
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Endo F, Tanoue A, Kitano A, Arata J, Danks DM, Lapière CM, Sei Y, Wadman SK, Matsuda I. Biochemical basis of prolidase deficiency. Polypeptide and RNA phenotypes and the relation to clinical phenotypes. J Clin Invest 1990; 85:162-9. [PMID: 1688567 PMCID: PMC296401 DOI: 10.1172/jci114407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultured skin fibroblasts or lymphoblastoid cells from eight patients with clinical symptoms of prolidase deficiency were analyzed in terms of enzyme activity, presence of material crossreacting with specific antibodies, biosynthesis of the polypeptide, and mRNA corresponding to the enzyme. There are at least two enzymes that hydrolyze imidodipeptides in these cells and these two enzymes could be separated by an immunochemical procedure. The specific assay for prolidase showed that the enzyme activity was virtually absent in six cell strains and was markedly reduced in two (less than 3% of controls). The activities of the labile enzyme that did not immunoprecipitate with the anti-prolidase antibody were decreased in the cells (30-60% of controls). Cell strains with residual activities of prolidase had immunological polypeptides crossreacting with a Mr 56,000, similar to findings in the normal enzyme. The polypeptide biosynthesis in these cells and the controls was similar. Northern blot analyses revealed the presence of mRNA in the polypeptide-positive cells, yet it was absent in the polypeptide-negative cells. The substrate specificities analyzed in the partially purified enzymes from the polypeptide-positive cell strains differed, presumably due to different mutations. Thus, there seems to be a molecular heterogeneity in prolidase deficiency. There was no apparent relation between the clinical symptoms and the biochemical phenotypes, except that mental retardation was present in the polypeptide-negative patients. The activities of the labile enzyme may not be a major factor in modifying the clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Endo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University Medical School, Japan
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11
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Endo F, Tanoue A, Ogata T, Motohara K, Matsuda I. Immunoaffinity purification of human erythrocyte prolidase. Clin Chim Acta 1988; 176:143-9. [PMID: 3180462 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(88)90201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A procedure including immunoaffinity gel chromatography of an immobilized monoclonal antibody was used to isolate human erythrocyte prolidase (EC 3.4.13.9). The monoclonal antibody was developed against liver prolidase and the antibody recognized the erythrocyte enzyme. The purification procedure included three steps of DEAE cellulose (batcher), immunoaffinity gel chromatography and gel filtration column chromatography. The overall recovery was approximately 20% and the specific activity of the purified preparation was approximately 260 U/mg of protein, a value exceeding that obtained using conventional procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Endo
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University Medical School, Japan
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13
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Hiroaki M, Keiko S, Jiro A, Yasuo Y, Takashi O, Hiroyuki K. Simultaneous measurement of prolidase and prolinase activities in erythrocytes using an isotachophoretic analyser. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)84583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Freij BJ, Levy HL, Dudin G, Mutasim D, Deeb M, Der Kaloustian VM. Clinical and biochemical characteristics of prolidase deficiency in siblings. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1984; 19:561-71. [PMID: 6507502 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320190319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Two brothers with recurrent skin ulcers of the lower limbs, subnormal intelligence, developmental abnormalities, and poliosis were found to excrete large quantities of several imidodipeptides in their urine. Glycylproline was the most prominent imidodipeptide excreted and was also detected in their blood. Prolidase activity was markedly deficient in red blood cells from both patients (4.1% and 3.7% of control mean) and skin fibroblasts from the one brother so examined (3.7% of control mean). A total of 20 patients with prolidase deficiency, including the two in this report, have been described in the literature. Their manifestations and various attempts at treatment are reviewed.
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Mikasa H, Arata J, Kodama H. Measurement of prolidase activity in erythrocytes using isotachophoresis. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1984; 310:401-6. [PMID: 6511856 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(84)80107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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16
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Priestman DA, Butterworth J. Prolidase deficiency: characteristics of human skin fibroblast prolidase using colorimetric and fluorimetric assays. Clin Chim Acta 1984; 142:263-71. [PMID: 6499208 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(84)90385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Abstract
Prolidase deficiency seems to be a rather rare metabolic disorder. However, many new cases can be detected because screening is easy to perform and enzymatic confirmation allows the differentiation from other iminodipeptidurias . Clinical symptoms are briefly reviewed, while biological considerations and prolidase properties are exhaustively described. Methods for investigating urinary iminodipeptides are given with results. Moreover, several collagen modifications observed in this disorder led us to formulate a hypothesis for their mechanism. Genetic considerations and treatment attempts are discussed.
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18
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Butterworth J, Priestman D. Substrate specificity of manganese-activated prolidase in control and prolidase-deficient cultured skin fibroblasts. J Inherit Metab Dis 1984; 7:32-4. [PMID: 6429439 DOI: 10.1007/bf01805618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Skin fibroblasts have a single enzyme, Mn2+-activated prolidase, that hydrolyses a range of amino acid-proline dipeptides. Two cases of prolidase deficiency showed a marked loss of activity against glycyl-proline irrespective of Mn2+ conditions. However, the abnormal enzyme showed only moderate reductions in activity against phenylalanyl-, alanyl-, and leucyl-proline following preincubation with Mn2+ or addition of Mn2+ with the substrate. Control prolidase was stable to prolonged preincubation with Mn2+, whereas the abnormal prolidase was progressively inactivated. The findings indicate, for at least the present two cases, that prolidase deficiency results from an altered rather than a marked reduction in the amount of normal enzyme.
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19
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Myara I, Charpentier C, Lemonnier A. Optimal conditions for prolidase assay by proline colorimetric determination: application to iminodipeptiduria. Clin Chim Acta 1982; 125:193-205. [PMID: 7139961 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(82)90196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Prolidase assay was reinvestigated by determining proline, using Chinard's method. Although several authors had previously tested this colorimetric reaction, accurate details regarding enzyme activity were not available. The need for greater sensitivity led to the introduction of several modifications: dialysis was eliminated and the substrate concentration and incubation time were changed. In addition, the reaction mixture was preincubated with Mn2+ for 24 h in order to triple prolidase activity. Color development followed at 90 degrees C, because of partial glycylproline hydrolysis at higher temperatures. The effect of several divalent cations on prolidase activity were tested with and without Mn2+. This modified assay was applied to erythrocytes, plasma and skin fibroblasts from a female patient with iminodipeptiduria.
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