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Terada R, Nishihara GN, Arimura K, Watanabe Y, Mine T, Morikawa T. Photosynthetic response of a cultivated red alga, Neopyropia yezoensis f. narawaensis (=Pyropia yezoensis f. narawaensis; Bangiales, Rhodophyta) to dehydration stress differs with between two heteromorphic life-history stages. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Winde V, Böttcher ME, Voss M, Mahler A. Bladder wrack (Fucus vesiculosus) as a multi-isotope bio-monitor in an urbanized fjord of the western Baltic Sea. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2017; 53:563-579. [PMID: 28475364 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2017.1316980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The spatial variations in the elemental and stable carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur isotope composition of bladder wrack (Fucus vesiculosus) growing along the shore line of the semi-enclosed urbanized Kiel Fjord (western Baltic Sea) was investigated at more than 60 sites. The analyses of the carbon-nitrogen-sulphur (CNS) stoichiometry and C and N stable isotope signature of F. vesiculosus displayed substantial differences between the north-western and the south-eastern parts of the Kiel Fjord. Different size classes displayed in part differences in C:N and C:S ratios, and the carbon isotope composition, reflecting the impact of the boundary conditions during growth. Whereas the sulphur isotope composition was controlled by the assimilation of seawater sulphate, the carbon isotope composition reflected the difference in the composition of surface waters. The δ15N values of the organic tissue tend to be an integrated monitor of anthropogenic impacts on the fjord. Results are compared to the composition of surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Winde
- a Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research (IOW) , Warnemünde , Germany
| | - Michael E Böttcher
- a Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research (IOW) , Warnemünde , Germany
| | - Maren Voss
- a Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research (IOW) , Warnemünde , Germany
| | - Annika Mahler
- a Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research (IOW) , Warnemünde , Germany
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Raven JA, Giordano M. Acquisition and metabolism of carbon in the Ochrophyta other than diatoms. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:20160400. [PMID: 28717026 PMCID: PMC5516109 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The acquisition and assimilation of inorganic C have been investigated in several of the 15 clades of the Ochrophyta other than diatoms, with biochemical, physiological and genomic data indicating significant mechanistic variation. Form ID Rubiscos in the Ochrophyta are characterized by a broad range of kinetics values. In spite of relatively high K0.5CO2 and low CO2 : O2 selectivity, diffusive entry of CO2 occurs in the Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae. Eustigmatophyceae and Phaeophyceae, on the contrary, have CO2 concentrating mechanisms, usually involving the direct or indirect use of [Formula: see text] This variability is possibly due to the ecological contexts of the organism. In brown algae, C fixation generally takes place through a classical C3 metabolism, but there are some hints of the occurrence of C4 metabolism and low amplitude CAM in a few members of the Fucales. Genomic data show the presence of a number of potential C4 and CAM genes in Ochrophyta other than diatoms, but the other core functions of many of these genes give a very limited diagnostic value to their presence and are insufficient to conclude that C4 photosynthesis is present in these algae.This article is part of the themed issue 'The peculiar carbon metabolism in diatoms'.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Raven
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Mario Giordano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Trěboň 37901, Czech Republic
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Lichtenberg M, Kühl M. Pronounced gradients of light, photosynthesis and O2 consumption in the tissue of the brown alga Fucus serratus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 207:559-69. [PMID: 25827160 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgae live in an ever-changing light environment affected by wave motion, self-shading and light-scattering effects, and on the thallus scale, gradients of light and chemical parameters influence algal photosynthesis. However, the thallus microenvironment and internal gradients remain underexplored. In this study, microsensors were used to quantify gradients of light, O2 concentration, variable chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthesis and O2 consumption as a function of irradiance in the cortex and medulla layers of Fucus serratus. The two cortex layers showed more efficient light utilization compared to the medulla, calculated both from electron transport rates through photosystem II and from photosynthesis-irradiance curves. At moderate irradiance, the upper cortex exhibited onset of photosynthetic saturation, whereas lower thallus layers exhibited net O2 consumption. O2 consumption rates in light varied with depth and irradiance and were more than two-fold higher than dark respiration. We show that the thallus microenvironment of F. serratus exhibits a highly stratified balance of production and consumption of O2 , and when the frond was held in a fixed position, high incident irradiance levels on the upper cortex did not saturate photosynthesis in the lower thallus layers. We discuss possible photoadaptive responses and consequences for optimizing photosynthetic activity on the basis of vertical differences in light attenuation coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Lichtenberg
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000, Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Michael Kühl
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000, Helsingør, Denmark
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Raven JA, Edwards D. Photosynthesis in Early Land Plants: Adapting to the Terrestrial Environment. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6988-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Raven JA, Hurd CL. Ecophysiology of photosynthesis in macroalgae. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2012; 113:105-25. [PMID: 22843100 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-012-9768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgae occur in the marine benthos from the upper intertidal to depths of more than 200 m, contributing up to 1 Pg C per year to global primary productivity. Freshwater macroalgae are mainly green (Chlorophyta) with some red (Rhodophyta) and a small contribution of brown (Phaeophyceae) algae, while in the ocean all three higher taxa are important. Attempts to relate the depth distribution of three higher taxa of marine macroalgae to their photosynthetic light use through their pigmentation in relation to variations in spectral quality of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) with depth (complementary chromatic adaptation) and optical thickness (package effect) have been relatively unsuccessful. The presence (Chlorophyta, Phaeophyceae) or absence (Rhodophyta) of a xanthophyll cycle is also not well correlated with depth distribution of marine algae. The relative absence of freshwater brown algae does not seem to be related to their photosynthetic light use. Photosynthetic inorganic carbon acquisition in some red and a few green macroalgae involves entry of CO(2) by diffusion. Other red and green macroalgae, and brown macroalgae, have CO(2) concentrating mechanisms; these frequently involve acid and alkaline zones on the surface of the alga with CO(2) (produced from HCO(3) (-)) entering in the acid zones, while some macroalgae have CCMs based on active influx of HCO(3) (-). These various mechanisms of carbon acquisition have different responses to the thickness of the diffusion boundary layer, which is determined by macroalgal morphology and water velocity. Energetic predictions that macroalgae growing at or near the lower limit of PAR for growth should rely on diffusive CO(2) entry without acid and alkaline zones, and on NH(4) (+) rather than NO(3) (-) as nitrogen source, are only partially borne out by observation. The impact of global environmental change on marine macroalgae mainly relates to ocean acidification and warming with shoaling of the thermocline and decreased nutrient flux to the upper mixed layer. Predictions of the impact on macroalgae requires further experiments on interactions among increased inorganic carbon, increased temperature and decreased nitrogen and phosphorus supply, and, when possible, studies of genetic adaptation to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Raven
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK.
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Gómez I, Huovinen P. Morpho-functionality of Carbon Metabolism in Seaweeds. ECOLOGICAL STUDIES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-28451-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Raven JA, Giordano M, Beardall J, Maberly SC. Algal and aquatic plant carbon concentrating mechanisms in relation to environmental change. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2011; 109:281-296. [PMID: 21327536 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-011-9632-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide concentrating mechanisms (also known as inorganic carbon concentrating mechanisms; both abbreviated as CCMs) presumably evolved under conditions of low CO(2) availability. However, the timing of their origin is unclear since there are no sound estimates from molecular clocks, and even if there were, there are no proxies for the functioning of CCMs. Accordingly, we cannot use previous episodes of high CO(2) (e.g. the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum) to indicate how organisms with CCMs responded. Present and predicted environmental change in terms of increased CO(2) and temperature are leading to increased CO(2) and HCO(3)(-) and decreased CO(3)(2-) and pH in surface seawater, as well as decreasing the depth of the upper mixed layer and increasing the degree of isolation of this layer with respect to nutrient flux from deeper waters. The outcome of these forcing factors is to increase the availability of inorganic carbon, photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) to aquatic photolithotrophs and to decrease the supply of the nutrients (combined) nitrogen and phosphorus and of any non-aeolian iron. The influence of these variations on CCM expression has been examined to varying degrees as acclimation by extant organisms. Increased PAR increases CCM expression in terms of CO(2) affinity, whilst increased UVB has a range of effects in the organisms examined; little relevant information is available on increased temperature. Decreased combined nitrogen supply generally increases CO(2) affinity, decreased iron availability increases CO(2) affinity, and decreased phosphorus supply has varying effects on the organisms examined. There are few data sets showing interactions amongst the observed changes, and even less information on genetic (adaptation) changes in response to the forcing factors. In freshwaters, changes in phytoplankton species composition may alter with environmental change with consequences for frequency of species with or without CCMs. The information available permits less predictive power as to the effect of the forcing factors on CCM expression than for their overall effects on growth. CCMs are currently not part of models as to how global environmental change has altered, and is likely to further alter, algal and aquatic plant primary productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Raven
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at SCRI, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.
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Mercado JM, Gordillo FJL. Inorganic carbon acquisition in algal communities: are the laboratory data relevant to the natural ecosystems? PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2011; 109:257-267. [PMID: 21445608 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-011-9646-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Most of the experimental work on the effects of ocean acidification on the photosynthesis of algae has been performed in the laboratory using monospecific cultures. It is frequently assumed that the information obtained from these cultures can be used to predict the acclimation response in the natural environment. CO(2) concentration is known to regulate the expression and functioning of the CCMs in the natural communities; however, ambient CO(2) can become quite variable in the marine ecosystems even in the short- to mid-term. We propose that the degree of saturation of the photosynthesis for a given algal community should be defined in relation to the particular characteristics of its habitat, and not only in relation to its taxonomic composition. The convenience of high CO(2) experiments to infer the degree of photosynthesis saturation by CO(2) in the natural algal communities under the present ocean conditions, as well as its trend in a coming future is discussed taking into account other factors such as the availability of light and nutrients, and seasonality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M Mercado
- Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Fuengirola, Málaga, Spain.
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Skene K, Raven J. Photosynthetic characteristics of nine species of marine macroalgae on the east coast of Scotland in relation to the intertidal zone in which they occur. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/03746609808684903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Raven JA. The early evolution of land plants: Aquatic ancestors and atmospheric interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/03746609508684827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sherlock DJ, Raven JA. Interactions between carbon dioxide and oxygen in the photosynthesis of three species of marine red macroalgae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/03746600108684953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mercado JM, Andría JR, Pérez-Llorens JL, Vergara JJ, Axelsson L. Evidence for a plasmalemma-based CO2 concentrating mechanism in Laminaria saccharina. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2006; 88:259-68. [PMID: 16691369 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-006-9039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2005] [Accepted: 01/08/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A kinetic analysis of the photosynthesis inhibition by buffers allowed quantification of some components of the carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) of the brown macroalga Laminaria saccharina. The CCM was based on the presence of acid regions outside the plasma membrane that increased the CO(2) concentration available for photosynthesis by 10-20 times above that of the bulk medium at alkaline pH. Furthermore, the results suggested that the CCM is located mainly on the cell membrane and not in the chloroplast, as suggested for most macroalgae. The degree of dissipation of the acid regions by a buffer was related to the buffer anion concentration (B(-)), estimated from the titration of the buffer from bulk medium pH to a pH endpoint value close to the first pK (a) of the carbonic acid system. A kinetic model describing the relationship between inhibition of photosynthesis by a buffer and B(-) was developed suggesting that buffers act as competitive inhibitors with IC(50) (the concentration of the buffer anion which reduces the reaction velocity by half) of 5.0 mol m(-3). This model can be used to estimate the inhibitory effect of any buffer on the photosynthesis of L. saccharina. Nevertheless, some buffers tested showed a lower effect than that predicted from the hyperbolic model suggesting that their strength as inhibitors depended on: (1) the pK (a) in relation to the first pK (a) of the carbonic acid system and (2) its molecular weight (i.e. its mobility).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M Mercado
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga, Puerto Pesquero s/n, Apdo. 285, 29640 Fuengirola (Málaga), Spain.
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Mercado JM, Xavier Niell F, Candelaria Gil-Rodríguez M. Photosynthesis might be limited by light, not inorganic carbon availability, in three intertidal Gelidiales species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2001; 149:431-439. [PMID: 33873336 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
• The interaction between incident photon fluence density (PFD) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) availability on photosynthesis is reported for three species of Gelidiales (Rhodophyta) from the Canary Islands. • Photosynthetic O2 evolution in response to both DIC concentration and PFD, and external carbonic anhydrase activity were measured in thalli of Gelidium canariensis, Gelidium arbuscula and Pterocladiella capillacea maintained in a controlled-environment room. • No detectable external carbonic anhydrase activity, high sensitivity to alkaline pH and moderate values of photosynthetic conductance for DIC indicated that the three species had a low capacity for using the external pool of HCO3 - ; therefore photosynthetic rates were dependent on CO2 availability. The seawater concentration of DIC was insufficient to saturate photosynthesis at high PFD; photosynthesis vs PFD was not affected by DIC concentration at 0.07-0.04 mol O2 mol-1 photon. ANOVA revealed that incident PFD had a greater effect than DIC availability on photosynthesis rates in G. canariensis. • Photosynthesis is probably limited by incident light rather than DIC concentration despite the apparent low affinity for HCO3 - in G. canariensis, G. arbuscula and P. capillacea in their natural habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M Mercado
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - F Xavier Niell
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain
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Abstract
Biochemical studies have complemented ultrastructural and, subsequently molecular genetic evidence consistent with the Charophyceae being the closest extant algal relatives of the embryophytes. Among the genes used in such molecular phylogenetic studies is that rbcL) for the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (RUBISCO). The RUBISCO of the embryophytes is derived, via the Chlorophyta. from that of the cyanobacteria. This clade of the molecular phylogeny of RUBISCO shows a range of kinetic characteristics, especially of CO2 affinities and of CO2/O2 selectivities. The range of these kinetic values within the bryophytes is no greater than in the rest of the embryophytes; this has implications for the evolution of the embryophytes in the high atmospheric CO2 environment of the late Lower Palaeozoic. The differences in biochemistry between charophycean algae and embryophytes can to some extent be related functionally to the structure and physiology of embryophytes. Examples of components of embryophytes, which are qualitatively or quantitatively different from those of charophytes, are the water repellent/water resistant extracellular lipids, the rigid phenolic polymers functional in water-conducting elements and mechanical support in air, and in UV-B absorption, flavonoid phenolics involved in UV-B absorption and in interactions with other organisms, and the greater emphasis on low Mr organic acids. retained in the plant as free acids or salts, or secreted to the rhizosphere. The roles of these components are discussed in relation to the environmental conditions at the time of evolution of the terrestrial embryophytes. A significant point about embryophytes is the predominance of nitrogen-free extracellular structural material (a trait shared by most algae) and UV-B screening components, by contrast with analogous components in many other organisms. An important question, which has thus far been incompletely addressed, is the extent to which the absence from bryophytes of the biochemical pathways which produce components found only in tracheophytes is the result of evolutionary loss of these functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Raven
- Department of Biological Sciences, Univervity of Dundee, UK
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Abstract
Water motion is a key determinant of marine macroalgal production, influencing directly or indirectly physiological rates and community structure. Our understanding of how marine macroalgae interact with their hydrodynamic environment has increased substantially over the past 20 years, due to the application of tools such as flow visualization to aquatic vegetation, and in situ measurements of seawater velocity and turbulence. This review considers how the hydrodynamic environment in which macroalgae grow influences their ability to acquire essential resources and how macroalgae might respond physiologically to fluctuations in their hydrodynamic regime with a focus on: (1) the biochemical processes occurring within the diffusion boundary layer (DBL) that might reduce rates of macroalgal production; (2) time scales over which measurements of velocity and DBL processes should be made, discussing the likelihood of in situ mass transfer limitation; (3) if and how macroalgal morphology influences resource acquisition in slow flows; and (4) ecobiomechanics and how hydrodynamic drag might influence resource acquisition and allocation. Finally, the concept that macroalgal production is enhanced in wave-exposed versus sheltered habitats is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona L Hurd
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Raven JA. Extrapolating feedback processes from the present to the past. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1098/rstb.1998.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extant terrestrial vegetation alters its physical environment via its albedo, and its influence on immediate temperature via stomatal and boundary–layer influences of energy dissipation as sensible and latent heat; aquatic vegetation also controls albedo (e.g. coccolithophorids) and, by competing with water for electromagnetic energy absorption, the depth of the mixed layer and hence the quantity of nutrients trapped for the spring bloom. Both aquatic and terrestrial vegetation have had, together with microbial and geological processes, an influence on O
2
and CO
2
levels, and hence on the availability and biological functioning of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Se and P, and the relative competitive advantage of C
3
versus C
4
, crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) and carbon concentration mechanism (CCM) organisms. Less directly, changes in primary productivity impact on the production of CH
4
and N
2
O which, like CO
2
, are greenhouse gases, while some (marine) primary producers yield dimethyl sulphide (and hence cloud condensation nuclei, with effects on cloudiness) and halocarbons (via, in part, O
2
–dependent processes), partly negating the O
3
attenuation of UV–B radiation. These effects can be related to the terrestrial embryophytic vegetation back to ca. 450 Ma, and to eukaryotic marine vegetation back to at least 1.7, and probably 2.1 Ga, with implications for inter alia C
3
versus C4, CAM and CCM photosynthesis, and Fe acquisition mechanisms. Even earlier (3.8 Ga onwards) prokaryotes may have influenced CO
2
levels and hence controlled (as they did later) surface temperature. By producing O
2
, they led to decreasing availability of Fe, Mn and P (and utility of Se?), and increasing availability of Cu (and Zn?) that shaped the biochemistry on which later biogeochemistry was based.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Raven
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
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Raven JA, Johnston AM, Newman JR, Scrimgeour CM. Inorganic carbon acquisition by aquatic photolithoatrophs of the Dighty Burn, Angus, U.K.: uses and limitations of natural abundance measurements of carbon isotopes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 1994; 127:271-286. [PMID: 33874509 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb04278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The 13 C/12 C ratio (expressed as δ13 C) of benrhic photolithotrophs. in the Dighn Water (= Burn) were measured fur comparison with that of the potential inorganic carhun sources. CO2 and HCO3 - , in the Burn. The Burn water contains an average of 65.7 mmol m-3 CO2 with δ13 C of -14.7% and 1600 mmol m-3 HCO3 - with δ13 C of -4.%. δ13 C values of riparian vegetation were also measured as contributors, after respiration in the soil or the Burn, to the δ13 C of inorganic carbon in the Burn. The potential range of differences in 13 C/12C between dissolved CO2 and plant organic C is set by the intrinsic 13 c/12 C discrimination (α value) in CO2 fixation by Rubisco. Main results and conclusions are. as follows, (i) A literature survey suggests that there is no convincing evidence that the α, Values (rate constant for 12 CO2 fixation relative to that for 13 CO2 fixation by Rubisco in the absence of CO2 transport limitation) for the'lower plants'in the Burn (diatoms, green and red algae, mosses) are significantly different from the well-established αp values for the flowering plum enzyme. (ii) In confirmation of earlier work, the semi-erect 'streamer'gametophytes of the red alga Lemanea mamillosa and the moss Fontinalis antipyetica have δ13 C values which can only be interpreted in terms of diffusive CO2 entry with minimal limitation of photosynthesis by CO- diffusion, (iii) The serui-erect grren alga Cladophora glomerata and the flowering plant Ranunculus penicillatus ssp. pseudofluitons (formerly var. calcareus) are- both able to use HCO3 - . Their δ13 C values indicate that, if the HCO3 - -use system does not (as is likely) discriminate significantly between 13 C and 12 C, then a substantial fraction of the inorganic C made available to Rubisco must return to the medium, carrying 13 C-inorganic C not fixed by Rubisco. (iv) Two sets of δ13 C data from different hydrodynamic regimes distance from leading edge of a flat stone; different size of thalli) show that the attainable differences in situ in thickness of the diffusion boundary layer do not alter the fractional limitation of photosynthesis of Cladophora by external diffusion of inorganic C, considered with HCO3 use. (vi) The entrusting red alga Hildenbrandia rivularis has a δ13 C value suggestive of CO2 as the inorganic C source, but not entirely ruling nut HCO3 - . Marine species of both Hildenbrundia and Cladophora have δ13 C values which, even when corrected for source inorganic C δ13 C values, are 10%, more positive than the freshwater species. (vii) Mats of pennate diatoms were shown by pH-drift to by able to use HCO3 - ; the relatively high (i.e. not very negative) δ12 C value of these mats could relate to a relatively'non-leaky'HCO3 - aequisition mechanism and/or to limitation by external diffusion (e.g. through the mat).
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Raven
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, U.K
| | - A M Johnston
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, U.K
| | - J R Newman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, U.K
| | - C M Scrimgeour
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, U.K
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RAVEN BJOHNA, JOHNSTON ANDREWM, PARSONS RICHARD, KÜBLER JANET. THE INFLUENCE OF NATURAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HIGH O2CONCENTRATIONS ON O2-EVOLVING PHOTOTROPHS. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 1994. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.1994.tb01486.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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The acquisition of inorganic carbon by four red macroalgae. Oecologia 1992; 92:317-326. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00317457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/1992] [Accepted: 07/05/1992] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Maberly SC, Raven JA, Johnston AM. Discrimination between12C and13C by marine plants. Oecologia 1992; 91:481-492. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00650320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/1992] [Accepted: 06/04/1992] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Raven JA, Johnston AM. Photosynthetic inorganic carbon assimilation byPrasiola stipitata(Prasiolales, Chlorophyta) under emersed and submersed conditions: Relationship to the taxonomy ofPrasiola. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1080/00071619100650221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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