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Kenealey JD, Bastos M, Assaf Z, Bai G, Zhao W, Jarrard T, Tower C, Hansen LD. Reaction of KHP with excess NaOH or TRIS as standard reactions for calibration of titration calorimeters from 0 to 60 °C. Eur Biophys J 2024; 53:225-238. [PMID: 38613566 PMCID: PMC11098914 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-024-01705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Calibration of titration calorimeters is an ongoing problem, particularly with calorimeters with reaction vessel volumes < 10 mL in which an electrical calibration heater is positioned outside the calorimetric vessel. Consequently, a chemical reaction with a known enthalpy change must be used to accurately calibrate these calorimeters. This work proposes the use of standard solutions of potassium acid phthalate (KHP) titrated into solutions of excess sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or excess tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS) as standard reactions to determine the collective accuracy of the relevant variables in a determination of the molar enthalpy change for a reaction. KHP is readily available in high purity, weighable for easy preparation of solutions with accurately known concentrations, stable in solution, not compromised by side reactions with common contaminants such as atmospheric CO2, and non-corrosive to materials used in calorimeter construction. Molar enthalpy changes for these reactions were calculated from 0 to 60 °C from reliable literature data for the pKa of KHP, the molar enthalpy change for protonation of TRIS, and the molar enthalpy change for ionization of water. The feasibility of using these reactions as enthalpic standards was tested in several calorimeters; a 50 mL CSC 4300, a 185 μL NanoITC, a 1.4 mL VP-ITC, and a TAM III with 1 mL reaction vessels. The results from the 50 mL CSC 4300, which was accurately calibrated with an electric heater, verified the accuracy of the calculated standard values for the molar enthalpy changes of the proposed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Kenealey
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Margarida Bastos
- CIQUP, Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Zaid Assaf
- Operations Science and Technology, AbbVie, Inc., 1401 Sheridan Road, North Chicago, IL, NC-A460064, USA
| | - Guangyue Bai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tyler Jarrard
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Colter Tower
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Lee D Hansen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
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2
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Fostemsavir Tromethamine. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2020; 77:1924-7. [PMID: 32936234 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxaa294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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3
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Sonboli R, Najafi Z, Zarezadeh N, Yazdani M, Behrouz H. Improving SDS-PAGE method for monoclonal antibodies: The advantages of Tris-Acetate over Tris-Glycine SDS-PAGE system and comparison with CE-SDS method. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 182:105845. [PMID: 33596474 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.105845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Present study compares two different buffer systems for the electrophoretic separation of the IgG1 and IgG2 Monoclonal Antibodies using SDS-PAGE method. A modified Tris-acetate system was shown to be superior for separation of these proteins in a 6-20% gradient gel as compared with the traditionally used Tris-glycine method. This modified Tris-acetate buffer system showed sharper bands, more accurate determination of molecular weight, higher resolution, and better estimation of sub-fragments with closer results to those obtained by Capillary Gel Electrophoresis. Also in a parallel experiment, effect of IgG deglycosylation by PNGase-F enzyme was investigated and revealed no significant improvement on the SDS-PAGE results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozhan Sonboli
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, AryoGen Pharmed Inc., Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zeinab Najafi
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, AryoGen Pharmed Inc., Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nahid Zarezadeh
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, AryoGen Pharmed Inc., Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohsen Yazdani
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, AryoGen Pharmed Inc., Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hossein Behrouz
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, AryoGen Pharmed Inc., Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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4
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Tok KC, Gumustas M, Jibuti G, Suzen HS, Ozkan SA, Chankvetadze B. The Effect of Enantiomer Elution Order on the Determination of Minor Enantiomeric Impurity in Ketoprofen and Enantiomeric Purity Evaluation of Commercially Available Dexketoprofen Formulations. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245865. [PMID: 33322449 PMCID: PMC7763306 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recent study, opposite enantiomer elution order was observed for ketoprofen enantiomers on two amylose-phenylcarbamate-based chiral columns with the same chemical composition of the chiral selector but in one case with coated while in the other with an immobilized chiral selector. In the present study, the influence of this uncommon effect on method validation parameters for the determination of minor enantiomeric impurity in dexketoprofen was studied. The validated methods with two alternative elution orders for enantiomers were applied for the evaluation of enantiomeric impurity in six marketed dexketoprofen formulations from various vendors. In most of these formulations except one the content of enantiomeric impurity exceeded 0.1% (w/w).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Can Tok
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara 06590, Turkey; (K.C.T.); (M.G.); (H.S.S.)
| | - Mehmet Gumustas
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara 06590, Turkey; (K.C.T.); (M.G.); (H.S.S.)
| | - Giorgi Jibuti
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Ave 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia;
| | - Halit Sinan Suzen
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara 06590, Turkey; (K.C.T.); (M.G.); (H.S.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | - Sibel A. Ozkan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara 06560, Turkey;
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Ave 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +995-595-631900
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5
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Salis A, Cappai L, Carucci C, Parsons DF, Monduzzi M. Specific Buffer Effects on the Intermolecular Interactions among Protein Molecules at Physiological pH. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6805-6811. [PMID: 32787211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BSA and lysozyme molecular motion at pH 7.15 is buffer-specific. Adsorption of buffer ions on protein surfaces modulates the protein surface charge and thus protein-protein interactions. Interactions were estimated by means of the interaction parameter kD obtained from plots of diffusion coefficients at different protein concentrations (Dapp = D0[1 + kDCprotein]) via dynamic light scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance. The obtained results agree with recent findings confirming doubts regarding the validity of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, which has traditionally provided a basis for understanding pH buffers of primary importance in solution chemistry, electrochemistry, and biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Salis
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, and Centro NanoBiotecnologie Sardegna (CNBS), Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), Florence, Italy
- Unità Operativa University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luca Cappai
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, and Centro NanoBiotecnologie Sardegna (CNBS), Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Cristina Carucci
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, and Centro NanoBiotecnologie Sardegna (CNBS), Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), Florence, Italy
- Unità Operativa University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Drew F Parsons
- Discipline of Chemistry and Physics, College of Science, Health, Engineering & Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Maura Monduzzi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, and Centro NanoBiotecnologie Sardegna (CNBS), Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), Florence, Italy
- Unità Operativa University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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6
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Jiang P, He Y, Zhao Y, Chen L. Hierarchical Surface Architecture of Hemodialysis Membranes for Eliminating Homocysteine Based on the Multifunctional Role of Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:36837-36850. [PMID: 32705861 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Patients with end-stage renal disease are prone to developing a complication of hyperhomocysteinemia, manifesting as an elevation of the homocysteine (Hcy) concentration in human plasma. However, Hcy as a protein-bound toxin is barely removed by conventional hemodialysis membranes. Here, we report a novel hemodialysis membrane by preparing a bioactive coating of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and adding biocompatible hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG) brushes to achieve Hcy removal. The dip-applied PLP coating, a coenzyme with a role in Hcy metabolism, dramatically promoted a decrease in the Hcy concentration in human plasma. Moreover, the aldehyde group of PLP had an intrinsic chemical reactivity toward the terminal amino group to immobilize the HPG brushes on the hemodialysis membrane surface. The hierarchical PLP-HPG layer-functionalized membranes had a high efficacy for eliminating Hcy, with a concentration from the initial stage of 150 μmol/L reduced to a nearly normal level of 20 μmol/L in simulated dialysis. By analyzing the impact of HPG brushes with various chain lengths, we found that HPG brushes with a medium length enabled the PLP coating with the bioactive function of Hcy conversion to additionally protect Hcy-attacked target cells by providing excellent hydrophilicity and a dense enough chain volume overlap of the hyperbranched architecture. Simultaneously, the densely packed HPG brushes generated a maximal steric and hydration barrier that significantly improved biofouling resistance against blood proteins. The optimally functionalized membranes showed a clearance of 83.1% urea and 49.6% lysozyme and a rejection of 96.0% bovine serum albumin. The diversely functionalized PLP-HPG layers demonstrate a potential route for a more integrated hemodialysis membrane that can cope with the urgent issue of hyperhomocysteinemia in clinical hemodialysis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yang He
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yiping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
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7
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Chong JR, Le DL, Sato H, Sou K. Nanocapsule pH Regulator: Sustained Continuous Alkali Release from Thermosensitive Liposomes Reduces Acid Erosion. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:21463-21469. [PMID: 32295336 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thermosensitive liposomes are major drug delivery carriers, which enable targeting of drugs and burst release of the drugs from the liposomes at the site of action by applying a local heat stimulation above body temperature. Although the burst release is significant for a one-shot high-rate release of drugs at the target site, this type of release has a limited sustained action of the drugs. In this study, we report the alkali-encapsulating thermosensitive liposomes enabling environment pH regulation by sustained continuous cargo release at human body temperature. The liposomes encapsulating alkalis successfully neutralized the environmental acids for hours by releasing the alkalis and prevented acid erosion of hydroxyapatite matrix. Taken together, the present liposomes are effective for the sustained release of cargo at body temperature, specifically the alkali-encapsulating liposomes can be a preventing agent for dental caries in the oral cavity. The sustained release under endogenous body heat characteristics of thermosensitive liposomes showcased in this study can also be extended for prolonged intravenous drug exposure from targeted liposomal drug nanotherapeutics in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Rong Chong
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Duc Long Le
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Hirotaka Sato
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Keitaro Sou
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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8
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Roush AE, Riaz M, Misra SK, Weinberger SR, Sharp JS. Intrinsic Buffer Hydroxyl Radical Dosimetry Using Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2020; 31:169-172. [PMID: 32031409 PMCID: PMC7650270 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fast photochemical oxidation of proteins (FPOP) is a powerful covalent labeling tool that uses hydroxyl radicals generated by laser flash photolysis of hydrogen peroxide to footprint protein surfaces. Because radical production varies with many experimental parameters, hydroxyl radical dosimeters have been introduced to track the effective radical dosage experienced by the protein analyte. FPOP experiments performed using adenine optical radical dosimetry containing protein in Tris buffer demonstrated unusual dosimetry behavior. We have investigated the behavior of Tris under oxidative conditions in detail. We find that Tris can act as a novel gain-of-signal optical hydroxyl radical dosimeter in FPOP experiments. This new dosimeter is also amenable to inline real-time monitoring, thereby allowing real-time adjustments to compensate for differences in samples for their quenching ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addison E Roush
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences , University of Mississippi , Oxford , Mississippi 38677 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Mississippi , Oxford , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Mohammad Riaz
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences , University of Mississippi , Oxford , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Sandeep K Misra
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences , University of Mississippi , Oxford , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Scot R Weinberger
- GenNext Technologies, Inc. , Montara , California 94037 , United States
| | - Joshua S Sharp
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences , University of Mississippi , Oxford , Mississippi 38677 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Mississippi , Oxford , Mississippi 38677 , United States
- GenNext Technologies, Inc. , Montara , California 94037 , United States
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9
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Ahmed H, Jahan S, Khan A, Khan L, Ullah H, Riaz M, Ullah K, Ullah F. Supplementation of l-tryptophan (an aromatic amino acid) in tris citric acid extender enhances post-thaw progressive motility, plasmalemma, mitochondrial membrane potential, acrosome, and DNA integrities, and in vivo fertility rate of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bull spermatozoa. Cryobiology 2019; 92:117-123. [PMID: 31783000 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2019.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aromatic amino acid l-tryptophan is an essential and versatile molecule, acts by transferring an electron to free radicals and protects the plasma membrane from injuries. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of l-tryptophan in extender on semen quality parameters, in vitro longevity and in vivo fertility rate of buffalo spermatozoa during cryopreservation. Two ejaculates were collected from each bull (n = 2 ejaculates and n = 4 bulls) with artificial vagina at 42 °C followed by initial evaluation for volume, motility, concentrations and were diluted in five extenders (C = lacking l-tryptophan, D1 = 25 μ M l-tryptophan, D2 = 50 μ M l-tryptophan, D3 = 75 μ M l-tryptophan, and D4 = 100 μ M l-tryptophan) respectively, and cryopreserved. The experiment was repeated four times (n = 4 replicates). At post-dilution, sperm plasma membrane integrity (PMI, %), supravital plasma membrane integrity (SVPMI, %), hypo-resistivity (HR, %) and acrosome integrity (ACR-I, %) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in extender supplemented with D4 than control. At post-thawing, progressive motility (PM, %), PMI, SVPMI, HR, ACR-I, and DNA-I of buffalo bull spermatozoa were significantly higher in D4 than control. Sperm in vitro longevity (%) assessed in terms of PM, SVPMI, and ACR-1 were significantly higher in D4 than control. Sperm mitochondrial membrane potential (%) was higher in treated groups than the control. The in vivo fertility rate was significantly higher in D4 than control (60.17% vs. 44.17%, P < 0.05). It is concluded that the supplementation of l-tryptophan in tris citric acid extender improves semen quality parameters, in vitro longevity and in vivo fertility rate of buffalo spermatozoa during freezing and thawing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, The University of Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan; Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sarwat Jahan
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Department of Zoology, The University of Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan
| | - Lubna Khan
- Department of Zoology, The University of Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan
| | - Hizb Ullah
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Riaz
- Department of Zoology, Women University Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan
| | - Kamran Ullah
- Department of Zoology, The University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan
| | - Farhad Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Islamia College University Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan
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10
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Li Z, Wang L, Li Z, Tian R, Lu C. Efficient bacteria inactivation by ligand-induced continuous generation of hydroxyl radicals in Fenton-like reaction. J Hazard Mater 2019; 369:408-415. [PMID: 30784970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fenton/Fenton-like reaction is often used as an efficient method to generate hydroxyl radicals (HO) for bacteria inactivation in aqueous solution. However, inactivation efficiency of bacteria in aqueous solution using Fenton/Fenton-like reactions needs to further improve as a result of transient generation of HO. In this paper, we found that the formation of Tris-Co(II) complexes could decrease the redox potential of Co(III)/Co(II), facilitating the transformation of Tris-Co(III) complexes into Tris-Co(II) complexes. Therefore, HO could be generated continuously in the presence of H2O2. Especially, Tris-Co(II) complexes are apt to combine with Escherichia Coli cells by electrostatic interactions, inducing a higher utilization ratio of the generated HO. Therefore, the proposed Tris-Co(II) complex-H2O2 system could be employed as a high-efficiency sterilizing reagent for inactivation of E. Coli. This work provides a promising strategy for bacterial inactivation via an economic and eco-friendly manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lianying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zenghe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Rui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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11
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Zhang Y, Yu W, Ba Z, Cui S, Wei J, Li H. 3D-printed scaffolds of mesoporous bioglass/gliadin/polycaprolactone ternary composite for enhancement of compressive strength, degradability, cell responses and new bone tissue ingrowth. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:5433-5447. [PMID: 30271139 PMCID: PMC6149932 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s164869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the increasing number of patients with bone defects, bone nonunion and osteo-myelitis, tumor and congenital diseases, bone repair has become an urgent problem to be solved. METHODS In this study, the 3D-printed scaffolds of ternary composites containing mesoporous bioglass fibers of magnesium calcium silicate (mMCS), gliadin (GA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were fabricated using a 3D Bioprinter. RESULTS The compressive strength and in vitro degradability of the mMCS/GA/PCL composites (MGPC) scaffolds were improved with the increase of mMCS content. In addition, the attachment and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells on the scaffolds were significantly promoted with the increase of mMCS content. Moreover, the cells with normal phenotype attached and spread well on the scaffolds surfaces, indicating good cytocompatibility. The scaffolds were implanted into the femur defects of rabbits, and the results demonstrated that the scaffold containing mMCS stimulated new bone formation and ingrowth into the scaffolds through scaffolds degradation in vivo. Moreover, the expression of type I collagen into scaffolds was enhanced with the increase of mMCS content. CONCLUSION The 3D-printed MGPC scaffold with controllable architecture, good biocompatibility, high compressive strength, proper degradability and excellent in vivo osteogenesis has great potential for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China,
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China,
| | - Zhaoyu Ba
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China,
| | - Shusen Cui
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China,
| | - Jie Wei
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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12
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Stoffels C, Oumari M, Perrou A, Termath A, Schlundt W, Schmalz HG, Schäfer M, Wewer V, Metzger S, Schömig E, Gründemann D. Ergothioneine stands out from hercynine in the reaction with singlet oxygen: Resistance to glutathione and TRIS in the generation of specific products indicates high reactivity. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 113:385-394. [PMID: 29074402 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.10.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The candidate vitamin ergothioneine (ET), an imidazole-2-thione derivative of histidine betaine, is generally considered an antioxidant. However, the precise physiological role of ET is still unresolved. Here, we investigated in vitro the hypothesis that ET serves specifically to eradicate noxious singlet oxygen (1O2). Pure 1O2 was generated by thermolysis at 37°C of N,N'-di(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-1,4-naphthalenedipropanamide 1,4-endoperoxide (DHPNO2). Assays of DHPNO2 with ET or hercynine (= ET minus sulfur) at pH 7.4 were analyzed by LC-MS in full scan mode to detect products. Based on accurate mass and product ion scan data, several products were identified and then quantitated as a function of time by selected reaction monitoring. All products of hercynine contained, after a [4+2] cycloaddition of 1O2, a carbonyl at position 2 of the imidazole ring. By contrast, because of the doubly bonded sulfur, we infer from the products of ET as the initial intermediates a 4,5-dioxetane (after [2+2] cycloaddition) and hydroperoxides at position 4 and 5 (after Schenck ene reactions). The generation of single products from ET, but not from hercynine, was fully resistant to a large excess of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS) or glutathione (GSH). This suggests that 1O2 markedly favors ET over GSH (at least 50-fold) and TRIS (at least 250-fold) for the initial reaction. Loss of ET was almost abolished in 5mM GSH, but not in 25mM TRIS. Regeneration of ET seems feasible, since some ET products - by contrast to hercynine products - decomposed easily in the MS collision cell to become aromatic again.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Stoffels
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mhmd Oumari
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Aris Perrou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Termath
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Waldemar Schlundt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans-Günther Schmalz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mathias Schäfer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Vera Wewer
- MS-Platform Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabine Metzger
- MS-Platform Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Edgar Schömig
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Dirk Gründemann
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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Gondim DR, Cecilia JA, Santos SO, Rodrigues TNB, Aguiar JE, Vilarrasa-García E, Rodríguez-Castellón E, Azevedo DCS, Silva IJ. Influence of buffer solutions in the adsorption of human serum proteins onto layered double hydroxide. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 106:396-409. [PMID: 28797808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) and human serum albumin (HSA) on a non-calcined Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (3:1 Mg-Al LDH) was studied in batch and fixed bed experiments, focusing on the effect of buffer solution and pH over sorbent uptake. Mg-Al LDH was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms at -196°C, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Zero point charge (pHzpc), particle size distribution and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR). Batch adsorption experiments were performed in order to investigate the effects of pH on IgG and HSA adsorption with different buffers: sodium acetate (ACETATE), sodium phosphate (PHOSPHATE), 3-(N-morpholino) propanesulfonic acid (MOPS), 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) and trizma-hydrochloric acid (TRIS-HCl). Maximum adsorption capacities estimated by the Langmuir model were 239mgg-1 for IgG and 105mgg-1 for HSA in TRIS-HCl buffer. On the other hand, the highest selectivity for IgG adsorption over HSA was obtained with buffer PHOSPHATE (pH 6.5). The maximum IgG and HSA adsorption uptake in this case were 165 and 36mgg-1, respectively. Fixed bed experiments were carried out with both proteins using PHOSPHATE buffer (pH 6.5), which confirmed that IgG was more selectively adsorbed than HSA on Mg-Al LDH and both could be fully recovered by elution with sodium chloride (NaCl).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego R Gondim
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Química - Grupo de Pesquisa em Separações por Adsorção - GPSA, Campus do Pici, Bl. 709, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Juan A Cecilia
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Santângela O Santos
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Química - Grupo de Pesquisa em Separações por Adsorção - GPSA, Campus do Pici, Bl. 709, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Thainá N B Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Química - Grupo de Pesquisa em Separações por Adsorção - GPSA, Campus do Pici, Bl. 709, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - José E Aguiar
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Química - Grupo de Pesquisa em Separações por Adsorção - GPSA, Campus do Pici, Bl. 709, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Enrique Vilarrasa-García
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Química - Grupo de Pesquisa em Separações por Adsorção - GPSA, Campus do Pici, Bl. 709, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Enrique Rodríguez-Castellón
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Diana C S Azevedo
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Química - Grupo de Pesquisa em Separações por Adsorção - GPSA, Campus do Pici, Bl. 709, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ivanildo J Silva
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Química - Grupo de Pesquisa em Separações por Adsorção - GPSA, Campus do Pici, Bl. 709, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Panahi F, Niasari-Naslaji A, Seyedasgari F, Ararooti T, Razavi K, Moosavi-Movaheddi AA. Supplementation of tris-based extender with plasma egg yolk of six avian species and camel skim milk for chilled preservation of dromedary camel semen. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 184:11-19. [PMID: 28709736 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate a suitable source (Expt. 1) and concentration (Expt. 2) of plasma egg yolk (PEY) and concentration of camel skim milk (CSM; Expt. 3) to supplement tris based extender for chilled storage of dromedary camel semen. In Expt. 1, PEY (20%) of six avian species (domestic chicken, domestic duck, Japanese quail, partridge, pigeon and guinea fowl) was added to semen extender. In Expt. 2, different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%) of selected PEY from Expt.1 were added to semen extender. In both Expt. 1 and 2, CSM remained constant (20%). In Expt. 3, semen extender was supplemented with different concentrations of CSM (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80%) while the concentration of PEY remained constant. The sperm viability parameters were assessed at 6, 12 and 24h following chilled storage. In Expt. 1, progressive forward motility (PFM) of diluted semen supplemented with pigeon PEY was similar to domestic duck and Japanese quail PEYs (P>0.05) and superior to other PEYs (P<0.05). In Expt. 2, PFM following the addition of 20% pigeon PEY was similar to 10 and 30% (P>0.05) and greater than 0 and 40% (P<0.05). In Expt. 3, total motility, PFM and live percentage of sperm were better in 20% compared to 40, 60 and 80% CSM (P<0.05). In the last experiment, PFM in 20% was better than 0% CSM (P<0.05). In conclusion, pigeon PEY at the concentration of 20% and CSM at the concentration of 20% could provide beneficial effect on some of the sperm viability parameters during chilled storage of dromedary camel semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Panahi
- Dept. Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Niasari-Naslaji
- Dept. Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Camel Advanced Reproductive Technologies Centre, Government of Dubai, Dubai, UAE.
| | | | - Tahereh Ararooti
- Dept. Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamal Razavi
- Camel Advanced Reproductive Technologies Centre, Government of Dubai, Dubai, UAE
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Axnér E, Lagerson E. Cryopreservation of Dog Semen in a Tris Extender with 1% or 2% Soya Bean Lecithin as a Replacement of Egg Yolk. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51:262-8. [PMID: 26946310 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Egg yolk is usually included in extenders used for preservation of dog semen. Lecithin is an interesting animal-protein free alternative to egg yolk for semen preservation. The aim of our study was to evaluate soya bean lecithin for cryopreservation of dog semen. Five ejaculate replicates were divided in three equal parts, centrifuged and each pellet diluted with one of the three Tris-based extenders containing 20% egg yolk, 1% soya bean lecithin or 2% soya bean lecithin. Extended semen was loaded in 0.5-ml straws, cooled and diluted a second time and frozen in liquid nitrogen vapours. Sperm motility parameters (CASA), acrosome integrity (FITC-PNA/PI) and sperm membrane integrity (C-FDA) were evaluated 5 min post-thaw and after 2 and 4 h of incubation. Total motility was significantly better in the egg yolk extender than in any of the lecithin-based extender and was better in the 1% lecithin extender than in the 2% lecithin extender. Sperm membrane integrity was significantly better in the egg yolk extender than in any of the lecithin-based extenders but did not differ significantly between the 1% and 2% lecithin extenders. Acrosome integrity was significantly better in the egg yolk extender than in the 2% lecithin extender but did not differ between the egg yolk extender and the 1% lecithin extender or between the two lecithin extenders. In conclusion, egg yolk was superior to lecithin in our study. The extender with 1% lecithin preserved sperm motility better than the extender with 2% lecithin.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Axnér
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E Lagerson
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
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Abstract
Buffering agents are widely used to stabilise the pH of solutions in soft matter and biological sciences. They are typically composed of weak acids and bases mixed in an aqueous solution, and can interact electrostatically with charged surfaces such as biomembranes. Buffers can induce protein aggregation and structural modification of soft interfaces, but a molecular-level picture is still lacking. Here we use high-resolution atomic force microscopy to investigate the effect of five commonly used buffers, namely 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES), monosodium phosphate, saline sodium citrate (SSC) and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) on the hydration landscape of Muscovite mica in solution. Mica is an ideal model substrate due to its negative surface charge and identical lattice parameter when compared with gel-phase lipid bilayers. We show that buffer molecules can produce cohesive aggregates spanning over tens of nanometres of the interface. SSC, Tris and monosodium phosphate tend to create an amorphous mesh layer several molecules thick and with no preferential ordering. In contrast, MES and HEPES adopt epitaxial arrangements commensurate with the underlying mica lattice, suggesting that they offer the most suitable solution for high-resolution studies. To confirm that this effect persisted in biologically-relevant interfaces, the experiments were repeated on a silica-supported lipid bilayer. Similar trends were observed for this system using atomic force microscopy as well as ellipsometry. The effect of the buffering agents can be mitigated by the inclusion of salt which helps displace them from the interface.
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Rahman MA, Park SH, Yu IJ. Dog sperm cryopreservation using one step dilution with glycerol-free tris extender. Cryo Letters 2016; 37:137-141. [PMID: 27224526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was to investigate a freezing method using one step-dilution with glycerol-free TRIS extender containing 172.2 mM glucose (GFTG). MATERIALS AND METHODS The sperm pellet from selected ejaculates was resuspended in GFTG at 1×10(8) cells/mL. The semen was cooled for 10, 30, 50 or 70 min in GFTG at 4 degree C and was frozen in LN(2) vapor or in deep freezer (-80 degree C, DF) for 20 min before plunge into LN(2). Post-thaw sperm characteristics were examined. The phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation (Annexin V-FITC) and DNA integrity (TUNEL assay) were assessed using flow cytometry. RESULTS Progressive motility and viability were significantly higher in 50 and 70 min groups than the other groups (P<0.05). PS translocation index was significantly lower in spermatozoa cooled for 50 or 70 min compared to 10 min (P<0.05). Freezing methods using LN2 vapor showed higher progressive motility than DF method (P<0.05), while viability and DNA fragmentation were not different between two freezing methods. CONCLUSION Cryopreservation of canine sperm cooled for 50 or 70 min following one step dilution in GFTG yields more viable sperm with lower PS translocation and freezing method using LN(2) vapor is more effective on progressive motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md A Rahman
- Laboratory of Theriogenology and Reproductive Biotechnologies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Park
- Laboratory of Theriogenology and Reproductive Biotechnologies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - I J Yu
- Laboratory of Theriogenology and Reproductive Biotechnologies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
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Della Vecchia NF, Luchini A, Napolitano A, D'Errico G, Vitiello G, Szekely N, d'Ischia M, Paduano L. Tris buffer modulates polydopamine growth, aggregation, and paramagnetic properties. Langmuir 2014; 30:9811-8. [PMID: 25066905 DOI: 10.1021/la501560z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the growing technological interest of polydopamine (dopamine melanin)-based coatings for a broad variety of applications, the factors governing particle size, shape, and electronic properties of this bioinspired multifunctional material have remained little understood. Herein, we report a detailed characterization of polydopamine growth, particle morphology, and paramagnetic properties as a function of dopamine concentration and nature of the buffer (pH 8.5). Dynamic Light Scattering data revealed an increase in the hydrodynamic radii (Rh) of melanin particles with increasing dopamine concentration in all buffers examined, especially in phosphate buffer. Conversely, a marked inhibition of particle growth was apparent in Tris buffer, with Rh remaining as low as <100 nm during polymerization of 0.5 mM dopamine. Small angle neutron scattering data suggested formation of bidimensional structures in phosphate or bicarbonate buffers, while apparently three-dimensional fractal objects prevailed in Tris buffer. Finally, electron paramagnetic resonance spectra revealed a broader signal amplitude with a peculiar power saturation decay profile for polydopamine samples prepared in Tris buffer, denoting more homogeneous paramagnetic centers with respect to similar samples obtained in phosphate and bicarbonate buffers. Overall, these results disclose Tris buffer as an efficient modulator of polydopamine buildup and properties for the rational control and fine-tuning of melanin aggregate size, morphology, and free radical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Fyodor Della Vecchia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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Sanderson BA, Araki N, Lilley JL, Guerrero G, Lewis LK. Modification of gel architecture and TBE/TAE buffer composition to minimize heating during agarose gel electrophoresis. Anal Biochem 2014; 454:44-52. [PMID: 24637158 PMCID: PMC4021863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA and RNA is routinely performed using buffers containing either Tris, acetate, and EDTA (TAE) or Tris, borate, and EDTA (TBE). Gels are run at a low, constant voltage (∼10 V/cm) to minimize current and asymmetric heating effects, which can induce band artifacts and poor resolution. In this study, alterations of gel structure and conductive media composition were analyzed to identify factors causing higher electrical currents during horizontal slab gel electrophoresis. Current was reduced when thinner gels and smaller chamber buffer volumes were used, but was not influenced by agarose concentration or the presence of ethidium bromide. Current was strongly dependent on the amount and type of EDTA used and on the concentrations of the major acid-base components of each buffer. Interestingly, resolution and the mobilities of circular versus linear plasmid DNAs were also affected by the chemical form and amount of EDTA. With appropriate modifications to gel structure and buffer constituents, electrophoresis could be performed at high voltages (20-25 V/cm), reducing run times by up to 3-fold. The most striking improvements were observed with small DNAs and RNAs (10-100 bp): high voltages and short run times produced sharper bands and higher resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Sanderson
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Naoko Araki
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Jennifer L Lilley
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Gilberto Guerrero
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - L Kevin Lewis
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.
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Biswas A, Saha A, Ghosh D, Jana B, Ghosh S. Co- and distinct existence of Tris-NTA and biotin functionalities on individual and adjacent micropatterned surfaces generated by photo-destruction. Soft Matter 2014; 10:2341-2345. [PMID: 24623362 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm53000k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Micropatterned surfaces with Tris-NTA and biotin functionalities both in the same micropattern as well as individually in adjacent micropatterns are generated by UV light illumination through photo-masks. These surfaces are extremely useful for the immobilization of oligohistidine and biotin tagged multiple biomolecules/proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Biswas
- Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India.
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Müller M, Lork E, Just D, Mews R. Some chemistry of tris(pyrazolyl)methylthiolate derivatives. Acta Chim Slov 2013; 60:569-576. [PMID: 24169711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient synthetic method for the preparation of TAS tris(pyrazolyl)methylthiolate (3) is reported. Nucleophilic exchange reactions with 3 gave (pyr)C(=S)SC(pyr)3 (4) and MeSC(pyr)3 (5). 5 acts as scorpionate ligand in [MeSC(pyr)3Cr(CO)3] (6), from the decomposition of TDAE2+ [SC(pyr)3Mo(CO)3-]2 by SO2FCl TDAE2+[O=MoF4-F-Mo(=O)Cl4]2- (8) was isolated. The X-ray structures of 3-6 and 8 are discussed.
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Vaz FAS, da Silva PA, Passos LP, Heller M, Micke GA, Costa ACO, de Oliveira MAL. Optimisation of a capillary zone electrophoresis methodology for simultaneous analysis of organic aliphatic acids in extracts of Brachiaria brizantha. Phytochem Anal 2012; 23:569-575. [PMID: 22407535 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aluminum toxicity is commonly verified in acidic soils, and poses a severe limitation to plant growth and development. Therefore, Al complexation by the root system mucilage, Al complexation by organic compounds that are exuded by the roots and internal metabolic processes must be monitored by organic acids (OA), since they play a central role in these aluminum tolerance mechanisms. OBJECTIVE To optimise a capillary zone electrophoresis method able to perform simultaneous separation of acetic, citric, formic, lactic, malic, oxalic, pyruvic, succinic, tartaric and aspartic acid in plant extract solutions. METHODOLOGY Method optimisation was achieved by a chemometric approach through experimental designs. The optimal condition found was: 20 mmol/L phthalic acid buffer; 0.8 mmol/L cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide; pH 3.4 adjusted with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (around 16 mmol/L); -15 kV of voltage; 25 °C of cartridge temperature; indirect ultraviolet detection at 240 nm; and 25 mbar injection for 2 s, within an analysis time of 4 min. RESULTS As a repeatability test of the optimal condition, 30 replicates were carried out with the same working electrolyte, where the relative standard deviation of each peak ranged from 0.081 to 0.36% (for migration time) and from 2.4 to 4.6% (for peak area). CONCLUSION The methodology was successfully applied to simultaneously determine citric, malic and aspartic acid in roots and leaves extract solutions of Brachiaria brizantha, demonstrating its usefulness to study aluminum tolerance.
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Rendal C, Trapp S, Kusk KO. Critical evaluation and further development of methods for testing ecotoxicity at multiple pH using Daphnia magna and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Environ Toxicol Chem 2012; 31:1843-1852. [PMID: 22585467 DOI: 10.1002/etc.1883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To meet the requirements of risk assessment legislature regarding the ecotoxicity of ionizing compounds, the present study attempts to establish easy, robust methods for testing ecotoxicity at various pH levels. An overview is given of the buffering methods found in the literature. This is supplemented by a series of experiments where toxicity and ability to stabilize pH of seven common buffering compounds was tested on Daphnia magna and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. We consider a buffer applicable at a given concentration if the pH drift is below 0.2 pH units, and if there are no toxic effects. Twenty-four- and 48-h acute toxicity tests with D. magna were carried on a series of organic buffers with pH monitoring. Based on the experimental results it is possible to give recommendations for buffer concentrations for use in toxicity testing with D. magna at pH levels in the range of pH 6.0-7.8 for 48 h exposure, and pH 6.0-9.5 for 24 h exposure. Forty-eight- and 72-h growth inhibition tests with P. subcapitata were carried out, and recommendations for buffer concentrations at pH 7.5 and 8.0 are made for both 48 and 72 h of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Rendal
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Jones EH, Su C. Fate and transport of elemental copper (Cu0) nanoparticles through saturated porous media in the presence of organic materials. Water Res 2012; 46:2445-2456. [PMID: 22386886 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Column experiments were performed to assess the fate and transport of nanoscale elemental copper (Cu(0)) particles in saturated quartz sands. Both effluent concentrations and retention profiles were measured over a broad range of physicochemical conditions, which included pH, ionic strength, the presence of natural organic matter (humic and fulvic acids) and an organic buffer (Trizma). At neutral pHs, Cu(0) nanoparticles were positively charged and essentially immobile in porous media. The presence of natural organic matter, trizma buffer, and high pH decreased the attachment efficiency facilitating elemental copper transport through sand columns. Experimental results suggested the presence of both favourable and unfavourable nanoparticle interactions causes significant deviation from classical colloid filtration theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward H Jones
- Ground Water and Ecosystems Restoration Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 919 Kerr Research Drive, Ada, OK 74820, USA.
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25
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el-Hay SSA, Colyer CL, Hassan WS, Shalaby A. Spectrofluorimetric determination of etodolac, moxepril HCl and fexofenadine HCl using europium sensitized fluorescence in bulk and pharmaceutical preparations. J Fluoresc 2011; 22:247-52. [PMID: 21853256 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-011-0954-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A simple, selective and sensitive luminescence method has been developed for the assay of etodolac (I), moxepril HCl (II) and fexofenadine HCl (III) in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations. The method is based on the luminescence sensitization of europium (Eu(3+)) by complexation with the studied drugs. The fluorescence intensities of the products were measured at 667 nm for (I) and at 615 for (II) and (III) while exciting at 276 for all the studied drugs. The fluorescence intensity was directly proportional to the concentration over the range (20-280), (40-240) and (30-80) ng/ml with limits of detection (LOD) = 0.93, 0.92 and 0.95 μg/ml for drugs I, II and III respectively. Optimum conditions for the formation of the complex in methanol were carefully studied. The proposed method was successfully applied for the assay of the studied drugs in pharmaceutical formulations with excellent recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soad S Abd el-Hay
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC 27109, USA.
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26
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Min KR, Zimmer MN, Rickard AH. Physicochemical parameters influencing coaggregation between the freshwater bacteria Sphingomonas natatoria 2.1 and Micrococcus luteus 2.13. Biofouling 2010; 26:931-940. [PMID: 21058055 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2010.531128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the physicochemical parameters that influence coaggregation between the freshwater bacteria Sphingomonas natatoria 2.1 and Micrococcus luteus 2.13. Using visual coaggregation assays, the effect of different buffers, solutions of differing ionic strength, pH, temperature, and viscosity on the degree of coaggregation was assessed. Coaggregation occurred maximally in distilled water but was inhibited when coaggregates were suspended in a commonly-used oral bacterial coaggregation buffer, saline solutions, and Tris-Cl buffers. Coaggregation was weakly expressed in standard laboratory buffers. The ionic strength of inorganic salt solutions required to inhibit coaggregation depended upon the inorganic salt being tested. Coaggregation occurred at a pH of 3-10, between 5 and 80°C and was inhibited in solutions with a viscosity of 22.5 centipoises at 20°C. Inhibition of coaggregation with NaCl impaired biofilm development. When developing buffers to test for coaggregation, the natural liquid environment should be considered. Coaggregation between S. natatoria 2.1 and M. luteus 2.13 is only affected by physicochemical conditions beyond those typically found in natural freshwater ecosystems. Such a robust ability to coaggregate may enhance the ability of S. natatoria 2.1 and M. luteus 2.13 to develop a niche in freshwater biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
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27
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Heiner Z, Osvay K. Refractive index of dark-adapted bacteriorhodopsin and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer between 390 and 880 nm. Appl Opt 2009; 48:4610-4615. [PMID: 19668275 DOI: 10.1364/ao.48.004610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The refractivity of wild-type bacteriorhodopsin (bR(WT)) suspended in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS) buffer has been measured in the spectral range of 390-840 nm by the method of angle of minimal deviation with the use of a hollow glass prism. The refractive indices of pure bR(WT) as well as of TRIS buffer have been determined from the concentration dependent refraction values. Sellmeier-type dispersion equations have been fitted for both the TRIS buffer and pure bR(WT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Heiner
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, P.O. Box 406, Szeged 6701, Hungary.
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28
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Zhao J, Ren F. Influence of hydroxylation and glycosylation in ring A of soybean isoflavones on interaction with BSA. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2009; 72:682-5. [PMID: 19112046 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2008.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the influence of hydroxylation and glycosylation of soybean isoflavones in ring A on the interaction with BSA was investigated. Two soybean isoflavone aglycones (daidzein and genistein) and their glycosides (daidzin and genistin) were used to study their ability to bind BSA by quenching the BSA intrinsic fluorescence in solution. The hydroxylation and glycosylation of soybean isoflavones in ring A significantly affected the binding/quenching process; in general, the hydroxylation increases the binding affinity and the glycosylation decreased the binding affinity. For daidzein and daidzin, the binding constants for BSA were 5.2 x 10(4) and 5.58 x 10(3) L mol(-1), respectively. For genistein and genistin, the binding constants were 8.40 x 10(5) and 1.44 x 10(5) L mol(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyao Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
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29
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Yang HY, Thompson I, Yang SF, Chi XP, Evans JRG, Cook RJ. Dissolution characteristics of extrusion freeformed hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2008; 19:3345-3353. [PMID: 18545944 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-008-3473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The dissolution behaviour of calcium phosphate filaments made by extrusion freeforming for hard tissue scaffolds was measured. The solubility of filaments with different HA/beta-TCP ratios sintered at temperatures from 1,100 to 1,300 degrees C was measured under simulated physiological conditions (tris buffer solution: tris(hydroxyl) methyl-aminomethane-HCl), pH 7.4, 37 degrees C). Calcium and phosphate concentrations were measured separately by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) atomic emission spectroscopy. Surface morphologies and composition before and after immersion were analyzed by SEM and EDS. The results clearly show that as the beta-TCP content increased, the dissolution increased. Higher sintering temperatures, with consequent closure of surface pores, resulted in lower dissolution. Examination of the surface suggested dissolution on preferred sites by pitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Yang
- Department of Materials, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
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Abstract
The inadvertent pH transient produced when a stepwise change in salt concentration is used as the eluent in ion-exchange chromatography was studied theoretically using a local-equilibrium theory and experimentally using both strong-base and weak-base anion-exchange column packings. The accuracy of the local-equilibrium theory was verified by comparing it to a full numerical solution of the governing partial differential equations obtained using the method of characteristics. The predictions from the local-equilibrium theory were observed to largely agree with experimental results. Detailed comparisons of experimental results and the local-equilibrium theory permitted the observed trends for the pH transients to be interpreted in terms of the physical properties of the column packing and mobile phase. The results of this study are useful for the design of ion-exchange processes using salt gradient elution where it is desired to limit the exposure of eluted proteins to the inadvertent pH transient caused by the salt gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Soto Pérez
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
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Baryshnikova OK, Williams TC, Sykes BD. Internal pH indicators for biomolecular NMR. J Biomol NMR 2008; 41:5-7. [PMID: 18398685 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-008-9234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Revised: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We describe a non-invasive technique for determining pH in biomolecular NMR sample using buffer components (formate, tris, piperazine, and imidazole) as internal pH indicators, whose (1)H NMR chemical shifts are sensitive to pH in a range from 2.5 to 9.8. This method is suitable for a wide range of applications where samples are handled intensively during NMR titrations or in high throughput analysis in structural genomics or metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga K Baryshnikova
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2H7
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Zheng G, Sumithran SP, Deaciuc AG, Dwoskin LP, Crooks PA. Tris-azaaromatic quaternary ammonium salts: Novel templates as antagonists at nicotinic receptors mediating nicotine-evoked dopamine release. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:6701-6. [PMID: 17977723 PMCID: PMC3954472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2007] [Revised: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of tris-azaaromatic quaternary ammonium salts has been synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) mediating nicotine-evoked [(3)H]dopamine release from superfused rat striatal slices and for inhibition of [(3)H]nicotine and [(3)H]methyllycaconitine binding to whole rat brain membranes. The 3-picolinium compound 1,3,5-tri-{5-[1-(3-picolinium)]-pent-1-ynyl}benzene tribromide (tPy3PiB), 3b, exhibited high potency and selectivity for nAChR subtypes mediating nicotine-evoked [(3)H]dopamine release with an IC(50) of 0.2 nM and I(max) of 67%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrong Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0082, USA
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33
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Rejsek K, Formanek P, Pavelka M. Estimation of protease activity in soils at low temperatures by casein amendment and with substitution of buffer by demineralized water. Amino Acids 2007; 35:411-7. [PMID: 17973073 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-007-0601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to modify the method of Ladd and Buttler (1972), by substituting Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.52) with demineralized water (DEMI H(2)O), in order to assess its suitability for measurement of casein-protease activity at pH levels close to those of real soil in H(2)O. Measurements were undertaken over a range of incubation temperatures from 3 to 49 degrees C. Testing was performed on one organic soil and two different mineral soils. The substitution of Tris-HCl buffer by DEMI H(2)O at 49 degrees C decreased casein-protease activity to 67.25% in mineral soil and to 53.76% in organic soil. With decreasing temperature casein-protease activity decreased the most in organic soil, i.e., 0.07% of original its value at 3 degrees C. The incubation period was extended to maximally 336 h at 3 degrees C to totally obtain >10.0% of L-tyrosine equivalents released at optimum or close to optimum temperature and pH conditions. The Q(10) values of casein-protease activity measured after substituting Tris-HCl buffer with DEMI H(2)O were unexpectedly high. Between the temperatures of 3 and 49 degrees C Q(10) ranged from 3.46 to 4.25, whereas between 3 and 25 degrees C Q(10) ranged from 6.78 to 11.08. Therefore, the modified method of Ladd and Buttler (1972) presented can be used for measurement of soil casein-protease activity under pH conditions close to that of real soil pH and at an averaged soil temperatures measured in the field. This modification makes possible an expression of soil casein-protease activity potential - when being combined with measurements of casein-protease activity under optimum or close to optimum temperature and pH conditions, if high concentration of casein is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rejsek
- Department of Geology and Soil Science, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Naeem A, Ahmad E, Khan RH. An alternate high yielding purification method for Clitoria ternatea lectin. Int J Biol Macromol 2007; 41:481-6. [PMID: 17590430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2007.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2007] [Revised: 05/08/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In our previous publication we had reported the purification and characterization of Clitoria ternatea agglutinin from its seeds on fetuin CL agarose affinity column, designated CTA [A. Naeem, S. Haque, R.H. Khan. Protein J., 2007]. Since CTA binds beta-d-galactosides, this lectin can be used as valuable tool for glycobiology studies in biomedical and cancer research. So an attempt was made for a high yielding alternative purification method employing the use of asialofetuin CL agarose column for the above-mentioned lectin, designated CTL. The fetuin affinity purified agglutinin was found similar to asialofetuin affinity purified lectin in SDS pattern, HPLC and N-terminal sequence. The content of lectin was found to be 30mg/30g dry weight of pulse. The yield was 2.8% as compared to 0.3% obtained on fetuin column. The number of tryptophan and tyrosine estimated was four and six per subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aabgeena Naeem
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; Department of Biochemistry, Life Science, AMU, Aligarh 202002, India
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Chu KO, Wang CC, Pang CP, Rogers MS. Method to determine stability and recovery of carboprost and misoprostol in infusion preparations. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 857:83-91. [PMID: 17692579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2006] [Revised: 06/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The two synthetic prostaglandin analogues, carboprost and misoprostol, are used extensively in obstetric and gynaecological practice. Our recent research of these compounds' use for intra-umbilical injection to treat adherent placenta necessitated their storage in solution for 3-4 days. This raised concerns over the stability and applied dosage in the in-house infusion preparations. It requires various pharmacological preparations before administration in clinical practice. We used LCMS to develop a simultaneous, valid, fast and simple method to assess the stability and recovery of their in-house preparations in different conditions. The linearity between 0-40 microg/ml was above 0.995. The reproducibility (CV) was within 5.2%. The limit of quantitation of the method for both compounds is about 2 microg/ml. The accuracy of both compounds from 0.4-40 microg/ml is 96.4-104.3% while the precision is 0.4-7.4%. The recoveries of carboprost in the infusion were from 100.3+/-4.0 to 102.4+/-1.6% and that of misoprostol in Cytotec tablet was from 44.9+/-3.5 to 50.0+/-5.0% in water and saline at 4 degrees C and room temperature. No interference was found from the matrix and between the tested compounds. The compounds were basically stable for 6 days in water and in saline, whether they were stored at 4 degrees C or at room temperature. However, only half of the dosage of misoprostol was recovered in the solution. Therefore, misoprostol dosage should be adjusted before clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai On Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
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Yang YH, Wu WY, Yeh HH, Chen SH. Simultaneous determination of cefepime and vancomycin in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid by MEKC with direct sample injection and application for bacterial meningitis. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:1788-97. [PMID: 17465423 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A simple MEKC with UV detection at 214 nm for simultaneous analysis of cefepime and vancomycin in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by direct injection without any sample pretreatment is described. The separation of cefepime and vancomycin from biological matrices was performed at 25 degrees C using a BGE consisting of a Tris buffer with SDS and methanol as the electrolyte solution. Under optimal MEKC conditions for biological samples, good separations with high efficiency and short analysis time are achieved. Several parameters affecting the separation of the drugs from biological matrices were studied, including methanol, pH, and concentrations of the Tris buffer and SDS. The linear ranges of the method for the determination of cefepime and vancomycin in plasma and in CSF using imidazole or cefazolin as an internal standard, respectively, were all over the range of 1-30 microg/mL; the detection limits of cefepime and vancomycin in biological matrices (injection 10 kV, 15 s) were 0.3 and 0.5 microg/mL, respectively. The applicability of the proposed method for the determination of cefepime and vancomycin in plasma and CSF collected after intravenous administration of the drugs in patients with meningitis was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Han Yang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Abstract
In spite of text books, instrument manuals, product instructions, and web tutorials there are a number of erroneous protocols around, which lead repeatedly to issues during electrophoresis runs and to inadequate results. The relatively low resolution and short running time of miniformat systems often conceals these issues. However, in high-resolution 2-D electrophoresis in large format gels, one of the most important separation methods in Proteomics, the consequences of these mistakes become more obvious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Westermeier
- GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Oskar-Schlemmer-Strasse 11, D-80807 Munich, Germany.
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Perpetuo EA, Lebrun I, Juliano L, Juliano MA, Sakauchi MA, Prado SMA. Analysis of Secreted Protein Profile and Enzymatic Activities from Corynebacterium diphtheriaeand Bordetella pertussison Production Batch Media using Peptide Quenched Fluorescent Substrates. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2007; 37:353-67. [PMID: 17849290 DOI: 10.1080/10826060701593274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Proteases were identified and characterized from the culture supernatant of the C. diphtheriae and B. pertussis bacteria. The proteases were secreted in the media and detected at the end of the exponential growth phase. Activity was detected in some fluorescent substrates, based on selected protein sequences such as insuline beta-chain, bradykinin, and synaptobrevin. The proteases were purified by means of gel filtration chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis of the purified proteins indicated, for the main secreted proteins, an estimated molecular mass of 30 kDa in C. diphtheriae and 69 kDa in B. pertussis culture media. The proteases were stable and presented enzymatic activity at 37 degrees C. These proteases were not related to the main toxic compounds described in these two bacteria, but could represent good markers for the fermentation process when the enzyme activity was measured with the fluorescent substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elen A Perpetuo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Matejcková J, Tůma P, Samcová E, Zemanová Z. Determination of uric acid in plasma and allantoic fluid of chicken embryos by capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:1947-52. [PMID: 17638368 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis with diode array detection (DAD) was used to determine uric acid (UA) in chicken plasma and the allantoic fluid of chicken embryos. Complete separation of uric and ascorbic acids was attained in less than 10 min in the optimized BGE containing 60 mM MES + 30 mM Tris + 0.001% (w/v) polybrene (pH 6.1). The limit of UA detection (0.2 mg/L) was found to be low enough for sensitive analysis of native plasma and allantoic fluid samples. Range of linearity (1-200 mg/L), repeatability for peak area (CV <4.1%) and migration time (CV < 2.5%), as well as recovery of UA from biological samples (97-100%), were found to be satisfactory. The method was applied to detect the elevated UA concentrations (hyperuricemia) in chicken embryos with induced unilateral renal agenesis. CE/DAD analysis of the chicken plasma can be carried out with a relatively small volume of samples (1 microL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Matejcková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
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40
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Xiong X, Wang Z, Baeyens WRG, Delanghe JR, Huang Z, Huang G, Ouyang J. A novel [Ag(NH3)2]+ probe for chemiluminescent imaging detection of proteins after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Proteomics 2007; 7:2511-21. [PMID: 17610207 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The development of a novel [Ag(NH3)2]+ probe chemiluminescence (CL)-based imaging method for the detection of various proteins after PAGE is described. The detection is based upon the probe [Ag(NH3)2]+ catalyzing the CL reaction of the luminol-potassium persulfate system. The proposed method detects various proteins labeled by [Ag(NH3)2]+ and expands the application scope to SDS gels. It also detects proteins directly in polyacrylamide gels, without tedious transferring procedures. Furthermore, successful identification of proteins by peptide mass profiling using ionization MS was easily performed, and no pretreatments of gel prior to digestion are needed. Detection limits for standard marker proteins match CBB-R250 staining and the linear dynamic range is superior to CBB-R250 staining and silver staining. The CL imaging conditions, including luminescent reagents, silver ion concentration, the ammonia-controlled system and the washing reagents parameters have also been optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xiong
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China
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41
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Durand G, Poeggeler B, Böker J, Raynal S, Polidori A, Pappolla MA, Hardeland R, Pucci B. Fine-tuning the amphiphilicity: a crucial parameter in the design of potent alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone analogues. J Med Chem 2007; 50:3976-9. [PMID: 17649989 DOI: 10.1021/jm0706968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new series of hydrophilic, lipophilic, and amphiphilic alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) derivatives were synthesized to explore the relationship between their hydrophilic-lipophilic properties and antioxidant potency. Very potent protective effects of amphiphilic lactobionamide and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane PBN derivatives were observed in mitochondrial preparations, in cell cultures, and in rotifers exposed to unspecific and mitochondria targeted oxidotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Durand
- Laboratoire de Chimie BioOrganique et des Systèmes Moléculaires Vectoriels, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 33 Rue Louis Pasteur, 84000 Avignon, France
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O'Mahony K, Freitag R, Hilbrig F, Schumacher I, Müller P. Integration of bacteria capture via filtration and in situ lysis for recovery of plasmid DNA under industry-compatible conditions. Biotechnol Prog 2007; 23:895-903. [PMID: 17628077 DOI: 10.1021/bp0701113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Combining capture and lysis of the bacteria with partial purification of the plasmid DNA is beneficial for the design of efficient plasmid production processes at larger scale. Such an approach is possible when the bacteria are captured by filtration. Taking industrial requirements into account, however, such a capture requires complex filtration mixtures containing retentive additives such as bentonite and polycations. This makes the straightforward transfer of established lysis protocols to in situ lysis difficult. In this contribution, the different steps of such a protocol are designed for complex filter cakes, including fragilization (by lysozyme), lysis (alkaline pH/acidic pH, 70/37 degrees C, urea/NaCl/Triton), and specific elution (pH, NaCl, CaCl2, guanidinium hydrochloride). Results are compared in regard to plasmid quality (topoisomeric form) and quantity (compared to the yield obtained by a commercial miniprep of a small aliquot of the bacteria suspension from the bioreactor). Best results in these terms were obtained by the Triton lysis protocol performed at 37 degrees C (30 min of contact with a lysis buffer composed of 50 mM Tris pH 8, 1% Triton, 1 g/L lysozyme, and 6 M guanidinium hydrochloride) followed by the specific elution of the plasmid DNA in 50 mM Tris buffer pH 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin O'Mahony
- Laboratory of Chemical Biotechnology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Abstract
We report on a novel, polymer-based, multi-channel device for polymerase chain reaction that combines, for the first time, rapid sample processing in less than 5 min with high throughput at low costs. This is achieved by sample shuttling, during which submicroliter sample plugs (approximately 100 nl) are oscillated rapidly over three constant-temperature zones by pneumatic actuation with integrated system. The accuracy and the speed of the liquid handling have been significantly increased, while the design of the device can be kept very simple and allows for mass production using conventional low-cost polymer fabrication processes. Massive parallelization can lead to a throughput up to 100 samples in 10 min including the preparation time. The amplification can be optically monitored by means of online fluorescence detection. Successful real-time PCR and the determination of the threshold cycle, Ct, using the developed device were demonstrated with plasmid DNA in a fluorescent real-time format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Frey
- Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Laboratory, Institute of Microtechnology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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44
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Abstract
Branched tris-DNA, in which two oligonucleotides of the same sequence and one other oligonucleotide of a different sequence are connected with a rigid central linker, was prepared chemically by using a DNA synthesizer. Two branched tris-DNA molecules with complementary DNA sequences form dimer and tetramer as well as linear and spherical oligomer complexes. The complex formation was studied by UV/thermal denaturation, enzyme digestion, gel electrophoresis, and AFM imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kuroda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan24
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45
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Abstract
When dried IPGs are hydrated with protein solutions, the concentration of protein and other ionic constituents is constant throughout the strip. Tris, initially present at a very low concentration, focuses during IEF and accumulates in the gradient at a pH corresponding to its pK(a) at the operative temperature of electrophoresis. Tris focuses more rapidly than many basic proteins, and concentrates into a localized zone of increased conductivity which coincides with a precipitous voltage drop in that vicinity. Basic proteins, already near their pI, are frequently observed to align at the periphery of this zone. Acidic proteins imbibed at the basic end of the gradient must traverse this region before this ionic boundary is formed, or otherwise may fail to migrate to their proper positions in the pH gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary B Smejkal
- Pressure Biosciences, Proteomics and Small Molecules Applications Laboratory, Woburn, MA 01801, USA.
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Moebius J, Denker K, Sickmann A. Ruthenium (II) tris-bathophenanthroline disulfonate is well suitable for Tris-Glycine PAGE but not for Bis-Tris gels. Proteomics 2007; 7:524-527. [PMID: 17309097 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200600642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pre-cast bis(2-hydroxyethyl)iminotris(hydroxymethyl)methane (Bis-Tris) gels have proven to be very suitable for pre-fractionation for LC-MS/MS analysis due to high reliability and long stability. To visualize proteins within gels fluorescence dyes proved to be a good tradeoff between sensitivity and MS-compatibility. The custom-made ruthenium dye represents a low-cost alternative regarding fluorescence-based protein visualization with high sensitivity. We demonstrate, that this dye is incompatible with Bis-Tris gels, while using Tris-Glycine gels a competitive sensitivity to commercially available stains can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Moebius
- Rudolf-Virchow-Center, DFG-Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Denker
- Rudolf-Virchow-Center, DFG-Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Rudolf-Virchow-Center, DFG-Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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47
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Abstract
The thermodynamics and kinetics for base-pair opening of the P1 duplex of the Tetrahymena group I ribozyme were studied by NMR hydrogen exchange experiments. The apparent equilibrium constants for base pair opening were measured for most of the imino protons in the P1 duplex using the base catalysts NH3, HPO42− or TRIS. These equilibrium constants were also measured for several modified P1 duplexes, and the C-2·G23 base pair was the most stable base pair in all the duplexes. The conserved U-1·G22 base pair is required for activity of the ribozyme and the data here show that this wobble base pair destabilizes neighboring base pairs on only one side of the wobble. A 2′-OMe modification on the U-3 residue stabilized its own base pair but had little effect on the neighboring base pairs. Three base pairs, U-1·G22, C-2·G23 and A2·U21 showed unusual equilibrium constants for opening and possible implications of the opening thermodynamics of these base pairs on the undocking rates of the P1 helix with catalytic core are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Hwa Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0215, USA and Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Arthur Pardi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0215, USA and Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-701, Republic of Korea
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. +1-303-492-6263+1-303-492-5894
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48
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Abstract
Interactions between hydrophobic chains of lipid monolayers and interactions between hydrophilic headgroups of lipid bilayers (with or without a molecular recognition step) are now well documented, especially for commonly used lipids. Here, we report force measurements between a new class of fluorinated lipid layers whose headgroups (synthetic ligands of retinoid receptors) display a very unusual polar/apolar character and can interact via a combination of hydrophobic forces and hydrogen bonds. Although these two interactions produce adhesion and are therefore not easily distinguishable, we show that it is possible to extract both contributions unambiguously. Experiments are performed both in pure water, where the adhesion is a combination of hydrophobic forces and hydrogen bonds, and in Tris buffer, where the hydrophobic effect is the dominant short-range attractive force. The contribution of hydrophobic forces scaled down to molecular interactions is deduced from force versus distance profiles, and the same value is found independently in pure water and Tris buffer, about 1 kBT. We also show that retinoid lipid layers attract each other through a very long-range (100 nm) exponential force, which is insensitive to the pH and the salinity. The origin of this long-range attraction is discussed on the basis of previously proposed mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tareste
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR 8550, CNRS, Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fairhurst
- The General Infirmary at Leeds, Great George Street, Leeds, UK.
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50
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Shah RM, D'mello AP. Stabilization of phenylalanine ammonia lyase against organic solvent mediated deactivation. Int J Pharm 2007; 331:107-15. [PMID: 17184939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Revised: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A potential novel therapy for phenylketonuria involves oral administration of microencapsulated phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), an enzyme that converts phenylalanine to transcinnamic acid. A drawback of this potential therapy is that encapsulated PAL retains only 23% of its activity. Microcapsules are prepared by emulsifying PAL in 10% hemoglobin solution with water-saturated ether (WSE) and subsequent addition of cellulose nitrate dissolved in ether:ethanol (E:E) mixture. The objective of this paper was to determine the contribution of emulsification to the overall loss in activity of encapsulated PAL, and to devise strategies to protect PAL against such loss in activity. Emulsification was simulated by stirring the aqueous phase containing PAL with the organic phase. The mixture was then centrifuged, and the protein content and catalytic activity of PAL in the aqueous phase was measured. Emulsification of PAL solution with WSE caused no loss in activity but resulted in a loss in protein content of aqueous phase. Size exclusion chromatography and gel electrophoresis studies showed that the loss was primarily due to the specific loss of impurities in the PAL sample. Emulsification of PAL solution with E:E resulted in a 50% decrease in its activity. Among the additives, hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin and hydroxy propyl-beta-cyclodextrin protected PAL against emulsion mediated loss in activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Shah
- University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 600 South 43rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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