1
|
Yano H, Kinoshita S, Kira S. Effects of acute moderate exercise on the phagocytosis of Kupffer cells in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 182:151-60. [PMID: 15450111 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-201x.2004.01343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated the function of Kupffer cells, and particularly their role as immunocompetent cells that come into contact with gut-derived endotoxin, in the acute exercise of rats. METHODS Female Fischer 344 rats were run on a treadmill at 21 m min(-1) for 60 min on a 15% grade. RESULTS Afterwards, the number of latex particles in the liver was higher in the exercising rats than that in resting rats and an increase in the number of latex particles phagocytosed by each Kupffer cell was noted. The plasma endotoxin concentration was significantly higher in the exercise group than in the resting rats, and the small intestine was damaged by the exercise. Plasma corticosterone and thyroxine 4 levels were unchanged. Although the number of Kupffer cells was unchanged by acute exercise, the number of CD14-positive Kupffer cells increased. Plasma liver enzyme activities were slightly increased by acute exercise, whereas plasma tumour necrosis factor-alpha was not detected. CONCLUSION These results suggest that moderately intense exercise increases the phagocytosis of Kupffer cells, and that it might be induced by endotoxemia of portal blood caused by intestinal mucosal lesions resulting from acute exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Yano
- Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Funaoka M, Komatsu M, Toyoshima I, Mikami K, Ono T, Hoshino T, Kato J, Kuramitsu T, Ishii T, Masamune O. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid enhances phagocytosis of the cultured rat Kupffer cell. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999; 14:652-8. [PMID: 10440209 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.1999.01931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ursodeoxycholic acid is used in the treatment of acute and chronic intrahepatic cholestasis because it ameliorates cholestasis and protects hepatocytes. However, few studies have examined the effect of bile acids on the function of Kupffer cells. METHODS The effect of various bile acids on cultured rat Kupffer cells was studied in terms of phagocytic activity in response to latex particles and morphological alterations. Video-enhanced differential interference contrast microscopy was used. RESULTS Taurochenodeoxycholic acid and taurodeoxycholic acid reduced the number of latex particles incorporated into Kupffer cells, but taurocholic and tauroursodeoxycholic acids enhanced phagocytosis of latex particles. Inhibition of phagocytosis by taurochenodeoxycholic acid or taurodeoxycholic acid was essentially dose dependent. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid also enhanced phagocytosis by Kupffer cells in which phagocytosis had been reduced by pretreatment with taurochenodeoxycholic acid or taurodeoxycholic acid. Incorporated latex particles had a distinct translocation speed of 0.084+/-0.024 microm/s (mean maximum speed+/-SD); the speed was in the same range with tauroursodeoxycholic acid treatment. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid induced a 56% expansion of cytoplasm, associated with increased ruffling and movement of intracellular organelles. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that tauroursodeoxycholic acid enhances membrane trafficking without changing translocation speed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Funaoka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Akita University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sneed RA, Grimes SD, Schultze AE, Brown AP, Ganey PE. Bacterial endotoxin enhances the hepatotoxicity of allyl alcohol. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1997; 144:77-87. [PMID: 9169072 DOI: 10.1006/taap.1997.8115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or bacterial endotoxin, causes liver damage at relatively large doses in rats. Smaller doses, however, may influence the response to other hepatotoxicants. The purpose these studies was to examine the effect of exposure to relatively all doses of LPS on the hepatotoxic response to allyl alcohol, which causes periportal necrosis in laboratory rodents through an known mechanism. Rats were pretreated with LPS (100 micrograms/kg) 2 hr before treatment with a minimally toxic dose of allyl alcohol mg/kg), and liver toxicity was assessed 18 hr later from activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in plasma and from histologic changes in liver sections. Plasma ALT and AST activities were not elevated significantly in rats treated with vehicle, LPS, or allyl alcohol alone, but pronounced increases were observed in rats treated with LPS and allyl alcohol. Significant liver injury occurred as early as 2 hr after allyl alcohol treatment in LPS-pretreated rats and peaked at 6 hr. LPS treatment did not affect the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase and did not affect the rate of production of NADH in isolated livers perfused with allyl alcohol; thus, LPS does not appear to increase the metabolic bioactivation of allyl alcohol into acrolein. On the other hand, pretreatment with 4-methylpyrazole, an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, abolished the hepatotoxicity of allyl alcohol in LPS-treated rats, indicating that production of acrolein was needed for LPS enhancement of the toxicity of allyl alcohol. Pretreatment of rats with gadolinium chloride (10 mg/kg), a known inactivator of Kupffer cell phagocytic function, decreased LPS augmentation of the response to allyl alcohol. These data indicate that LPS markedly enhances the hepatotoxic response to allyl alcohol. Furthermore, the results suggest that the LPS-induced enhancement of allyl alcohol hepatotoxicity occurs through a Kupffer cell-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Sneed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ghadirian E, Salimi A. In vitro effect of recombinant interferon gamma in combination with LPS on amoebicidal activity of murine Kupffer cells. Immunobiology 1993; 188:203-19. [PMID: 8406558 DOI: 10.1016/s0171-2985(11)80498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study examines the role of liver macrophages (Kupffer cells), of C57BL/6 mice, as effector cells responsible for the killing of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites in vitro. It was shown that unstimulated Kupffer cells were inefficient in the killing of E. histolytica trophozoites in vitro. Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) alone was not able to activate Kupffer cells to amoebicidal state. However, Interferon gamma and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) acted synergistically in this phenomenon. It seems that the acquisition of amoebicidal activity is associated with the involvement of hydrogen peroxide, because the addition of catalase partially decreases the killing of this parasite by Kupffer cells. In addition, it appears that the amoebicidal activity of IFN-gamma-treated Kupffer cells is contact-dependent. Our results indicate that the immunologic production of IFN-gamma is important in the activation of Kupffer cells for controlling this parasite and that Kupffer cells are strong effector cells against the amoebae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Ghadirian
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
McCloskey TW, Todaro JA, Laskin DL. Lipopolysaccharide treatment of rats alters antigen expression and oxidative metabolism in hepatic macrophages and endothelial cells. Hepatology 1992; 16:191-203. [PMID: 1319950 DOI: 10.1002/hep.1840160130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells and macrophages are located within the hepatic sinusoids. These two cell types play an important role in the clearance of bacterially derived lipopolysaccharide from the portal circulation. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that treatment of rats with lipopolysaccharide results in the accumulation of macrophages in the liver that display properties of activated mononuclear phagocytes. This study was designed to analyze the effects of lipopolysaccharide on hepatic endothelial cells. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 5 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharide. Macrophages and endothelial cells were isolated from the rats 48 hr later by in situ perfusion of the liver with collagenase and pronase followed by differential centrifugation and centrifugal elutriation. We found that lipopolysaccharide treatment of rats resulted in an increase in the number of both macrophages and endothelial cells recovered from the liver. Using specific monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry, both macrophages and endothelial cells were found to express cell surface markers for Ia antigen, leukocyte common antigen, CD4 and the macrophage antigen, ED2. Macrophages expressed greater levels of these markers than endothelial cells. Flow cytometric analysis also revealed considerable subpopulation heterogeneity in the endothelial cells in antigen expression, physical characteristics and functional activity. Treatment of rats with lipopolysaccharide decreased expression of cell surface markers on the macrophages but not on the endothelial cells. This may be due to the distinct origin of these cells. To determine whether endothelial cells, like macrophages, were activated by lipopolysaccharide, we examined their ability to produce reactive oxygen intermediates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T W McCloskey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cohen DS, Palmer E, Welch WJ, Sheppard D. The response of guinea pig airway epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages to environmental stress. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1991; 5:133-43. [PMID: 1892643 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb/5.2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells lining the respiratory tract form an interface between the organism and the external environment and are repeatedly exposed to physical, chemical, and metabolic stresses. We examined the response of cultured guinea pig tracheal epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages to various forms of stress, including clinically and environmentally relevant metabolic stresses such as ozone and acid exposure. Classic stress treatments such as heat shock and sodium arsenite treatment induced the synthesis of 28, 32, 72, 73, 90, and 110 kD stress proteins similar to those observed in other cell types. In contrast, no significant changes in the pattern of protein synthesis were detected after exposure to ambient concentrations of ozone, although ozone exposure caused significant cytotoxicity to both cell types. Another potent oxidant, hydrogen peroxide, similarly did not induce appreciable stress protein synthesis. However, surface acidification of tracheal epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages caused the induction of 72 and 78 kD stress proteins. While stress proteins may play a role in the response of respiratory cells to certain injuries such as hyperthermia and surface acidification, they may not be important in the defense against ozone or other forms of oxidative injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D S Cohen
- Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0854
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Busam KJ, Homfeld A, Zawatzky R, Kästner S, Bauer J, Gerok W, Decker K. Virus-vs endotoxin-induced activation of liver macrophages. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1990; 191:577-82. [PMID: 2167846 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The response of liver macrophages (Kupffer cells) to distinct pathogenic material was investigated by comparing virus- and endotoxin-induced macrophage activation. Endotoxin-induced stimulation and induction with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) or Sendai virus led to the release of the same pattern of prostanoids characterized by a predominant production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). With respect to peptide mediators, hepatic macrophages secreted tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 after viral induction and endotoxin treatment, respectively. In response to viruses, however, much more interleukin-6 and TNF-alpha was detected than after endotoxin stimulation. Interferon type I (interferon-alpha/beta), on the other hand, was only detected in the supernatants of macrophages infected with viruses, but not of those exposed to endotoxin. This study also revealed that rat TNF-alpha exists in several soluble species, some of which are glycosylated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K J Busam
- Biochemisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Van Bossuyt H, Desmaretz C, Gaeta GB, Wisse E. The role of bile acids in the development of endotoxemia during obstructive jaundice in the rat. J Hepatol 1990; 10:274-9. [PMID: 2365979 DOI: 10.1016/0168-8278(90)90132-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The role of bile acids in the development of endotoxemia during obstructive jaundice was studied in rats. Endotoxin was not found in portal and peripheral plasma of control rats. The bile ducts of seven rats were ligated. On day 7 following bile duct ligation, six animals showed portal endotoxemia and five peripheral. Oral administration of sodium ursodeoxycholate reduced this frequency to 1/7 for portal plasma and 0/7 in the case of peripheral plasma. Subsequently the influence of a bile salt mixture (85% taurocholate, 15% taurodeoxycholate) on the binding and uptake of Salmonella abortus equi lipopolysaccharide by cultured rat Kupffer cells was studied. In control preparations, the percentage cell-associated lipopolysaccharide increased with time and reached a plateau after about 2 h of incubation at 37 degrees C. In the presence of 0.3, 0.6 and 1 mumol bile salts/ml the cell-associated lipopolysaccharide was about 5%, 13% and 29% lower, respectively, of that in control cultures. Tauroursodeoxycholate (1 mM) did not inhibit the lipopolysaccharide uptake by cultured rat Kupffer cells. Based on these observations, it is likely that both phenomena, i.e., (a) the low amount of bile acids in the intestines and (b) the high serum bile acid level, account for the high frequency of endotoxemia in the peripheral blood during obstructive jaundice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Van Bossuyt
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Histology, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Van Bossuyt H, Desmaretz C, Wisse E. The fate of lipopolysaccharide in cultured rat Kupffer cells. VIRCHOWS ARCHIV. B, CELL PATHOLOGY INCLUDING MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY 1989; 58:89-93. [PMID: 2574517 DOI: 10.1007/bf02890061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cultured rat Kupffer cells were incubated in presence of biologically tritiated Salmonella abortus equi lipopolysaccharide. Uptake of lipopolysaccharide increased rapidly during the first 2 h of incubation and then levelled off. Within the first h of incubation 10(6) Kupffer cells were able to ingest up to 18 micrograms lipopolysaccharide. Kupffer cells metabolised lipopolysaccharide and released lipopolysaccharide-related substances, but neither the cell-associated lipopolysaccharide nor the released lipopolysaccharide products were detoxified, as measured by the mouse lethality test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Van Bossuyt
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Histology, Free University Laarbeeklaan, Brussels-Jette, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Van Bossuyt H, Desmaretz C, Gaeta GB, Wisse E. The role of bile acids in the reduction in lipopolysaccharide uptake by cultured rat Kupffer cells. VIRCHOWS ARCHIV. B, CELL PATHOLOGY INCLUDING MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY 1989; 57:141-7. [PMID: 2570480 DOI: 10.1007/bf02899075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The influence of bile salts on the binding and uptake of Salmonella abortus equi lipopolysaccharide by cultured Kupffer cells was studied. In control preparations, the percentage of cell-associated lipopolysaccharide increased with time and reached a plateau after about 2 h incubation at 37 degrees C. About 1.2 micrograms lipopolysaccharide was associated with 10(6) Kupffer cells at this time interval. In the presence of 0.3, 0.6 and 1 mumol bile salts/ml the cell-associated lipopolysaccharide was respectively, about 5%, 13% and 29% lower than in control cultures. In the presence of 1 mumol bile salts/ml, the association of lipopolysaccharide to cells at 0 degrees C was about 25% lower than in controls. Preincubation of Kupffer cells with 1 mumol bile salts/ml, with or without lipopolysaccharide, did not affect cell-associated lipopolysaccharide after removal of the bile salts. The rate of secretion of radioactivity by Kupffer cells was not influenced by the presence of bile salts during the uptake or the secretion periods. Bile acids proved to inactivate lipopolysaccharide. From these observations it was concluded that low concentrations of bile salts influence the binding and uptake of lipopolysaccharide by Kupffer cells. It was, therefore, considered likely that, in patients with obstructive jaundice, the high serum bile acid level accounts for spill-over of portal lipopolysaccharide into the systemic blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Van Bossuyt
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Histology, Free University Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|