1
|
Singh D, Sharma S, Jose-Santhi J, Kalia D, Singh RK. Hormones regulate the flowering process in saffron differently depending on the developmental stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1107172. [PMID: 36968363 PMCID: PMC10034077 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1107172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flowering in saffron is a highly complex process regulated by the synchronized action of environmental cues and endogenous signals. Hormonal regulation of flowering is a very important process controlling flowering in several plants, but it has not been studied in saffron. Flowering in saffron is a continual process completed in months with distinct developmental phases, mainly divided into flowering induction and flower organogenesis/formation. In the present study, we investigated how phytohormones affect the flowering process at different developmental stages. The results suggest that different hormones differentially affect flower induction and formation in saffron. The exogenous treatment of flowering competent corms with abscisic acid (ABA) suppressed both floral induction and flower formation, whereas some other hormones, like auxins (indole acetic acid, IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA), behaved contrarily at different developmental stages. IAA promoted flower induction, while GA suppressed it; however, GA promoted flower formation, whereas IAA suppressed it. Cytokinin (kinetin) treatment suggested its positive involvement in flower induction and flower formation. The expression analysis of floral integrator and homeotic genes suggests that ABA might suppress floral induction by suppressing the expression of the floral promoter (LFY, FT3) and promoting the expression of the floral repressor (SVP) gene. Additionally, ABA treatment also suppressed the expression of the floral homeotic genes responsible for flower formation. GA reduces the expression of flowering induction gene LFY, while IAA treatment upregulated its expression. In addition to these genes, a flowering repressor gene, TFL1-2, was also found to be downregulated in IAA treatment. Cytokinin promotes flowering induction by increasing the expression levels of the LFY gene and decreasing the TFL1-2 gene expression. Moreover, it improved flower organogenesis by increasing the expression of floral homeotic genes. Overall, the results suggest that hormones differently regulate flowering in saffron via regulating floral integrator and homeotic gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Singh
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP, India
| | - Sahiba Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP, India
| | - Joel Jose-Santhi
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Diksha Kalia
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lou Q, Liu H, Luo W, Chen K, Liu Y. Creating a novel petal regeneration system for function identification of colour gene of grape hyacinth. PLANT METHODS 2021; 17:94. [PMID: 34530873 PMCID: PMC8444494 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-021-00794-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grape hyacinth (Muscari spp.) is one of the most important ornamental bulbous plants. However, its lengthy juvenile period and time-consuming transformation approaches under the available protocols impedes the functional characterisation of its genes in flower tissues. In vitro flower organogenesis has long been used to hasten the breeding cycle of plants but has not been exploited for shortening the period of gene transformation and characterisation in flowers. RESULTS A petal regeneration system was established for stable transformation and function identification of colour gene in grape hyacinth. By culturing on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) with 0.45 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 8.88 μM 6-benzyladenine (6-BA), during the colour-changing period, the flower bud explants gave rise to regeneration petals in less than 3 months, instead of the 3 years required in field-grown plants. By combining this system with Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, a glucuronidase reporter gene (GUS) was delivered into grape hyacinth petals. Ultimately, 214 transgenic petals were regenerated from 24 resistant explants. PCR and GUS quantitative analyses confirmed that these putative transgenic petals have stably overexpressed GUS genes. Furthermore, an RNAi vector of the anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase gene (MaGT) was integrated into grape hyacinth petals using the same strategy. Compared with the non-transgenic controls, reduced expression of the MaGT occurred in all transgenic petals, which caused pigmentation loss by repressing anthocyanin accumulation. CONCLUSION The Agrobacterium transformation method via petal organogenesis of grape hyacinth took only 3-4 months to implement, and was faster and easier to perform than other gene-overexpressing or -silencing techniques that are currently available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Luo
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaili Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yali Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kumari A, Baskaran P, Plačková L, Omámiková H, Nisler J, Doležal K, Van Staden J. Plant growth regulator interactions in physiological processes for controlling plant regeneration and in vitro development of Tulbaghia simmleri. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 223:65-71. [PMID: 29505949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The endogenous auxin and cytokinin contents of in vitro regenerated Tulbaghia simmleri maintained on applied plant growth regulators in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium were investigated using UHPLC-MS analysis. The highest number of shoots (27.6 per leaf) were produced in MS medium supplemented with 2.5 μM thidiazuron. A higher number of these shoots were rooted with 10 μM 6-(2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylamino) purine (PI-55, cytokinin antagonist). Production of somatic embryos (SEs: 16.4-4.6, globular to cotyledonary stages) improved significantly with liquid MS medium containing 2.5 μM picloram, 2.5 μM phloroglucinol (PG) and 1.5 μM gibberellic acid or 1.5 μM PI-55 and 1.0 μM trans-zeatin. SEs (torpedo and cotyledonary stages) germinated (100%) in plant growth regulator free MS medium. The plantlets were acclimatized and all survived in the greenhouse. Higher levels of endogenous auxin, 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid (oxIAA, 371.52 pmol/g DW) and indole-3-acetylaspartate (IAAsp, 141.56 pmol/g DW) were detected in shoots from PG treatments. The roots of garden-grown mother plants possessed the highest level of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, 630.54 pmol/g DW) and oxIAA (515.26 pmol/g DW). Cytokinins [CKs: trans-zeatin-O-glucoside (tZOG), cis-zeatin (cZ) and N6-isopentenyladenosine-5'-monophosphate (iPRMP)] levels were relatively high in shoots and roots of plantlets in vitro. However, PI-55 treatments influenced the development of plantlets promoting a higher biosynthesis level of iPRMP (418.06 pmol/g DW in root) and cZRMP (904.61 pmol/g DW in roots and 1427.83 pmol/g DW in shoots). The presented protocols offer organogenesis and somatic organogenesis systems for rapid plant regeneration of T. simmleri. In addition, the importance of exogenous and endogenous hormonal effects on in vitro plant growth and development as well as endogenous hormone metabolism signalling and transport related to the physiological processes of CK metabolism and transport are illustrated for in vitro development of T. simmleri.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aloka Kumari
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Ponnusamy Baskaran
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Lenka Plačková
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics & Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Palacký University, Olomouc, Holice 78371, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Omámiková
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics & Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Palacký University, Olomouc, Holice 78371, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Nisler
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics & Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Palacký University, Olomouc, Holice 78371, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics & Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Palacký University, Olomouc, Holice 78371, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville 3209, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rong XF, Sang YL, Wang L, Meng WJ, Zou CH, Dong YX, Bie XM, Cheng ZJ, Zhang XS. Type-B ARRs Control Carpel Regeneration Through Mediating AGAMOUS Expression in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:756-764. [PMID: 29186581 PMCID: PMC6018948 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants are known for their capacity to regenerate organs, such as shoot, root and floral organs. Recently, a number of studies contributed to understanding the mechanisms of shoot and root regeneration. However, the mechanisms underlying floral organ regeneration are largely unknown. In this study, we established a carpel regeneration system in which two types of carpels were induced by exogenous cytokinin. For type I, all the floral organs in the regenerated inflorescence were transformed into carpels. For type II, carpels were generated directly from callus. The transcript level of AGAMOUS (AG), the carpel identity gene, was up-regulated during carpel induction. The expression signals of AG were detected in the initiating carpel primordia and regenerating carpels, and co-localized with those of two Type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORs (ARRs), ARR1 and ARR10. Repression of either AG or type-B ARRs reduced carpel regeneration. Binding analyses showed that ARR1 and ARR10 directly bound to transcriptional regulatory regions of AG and positively regulated its expression. In addition, the expression of type-B ARRs overlapped with that of AG in the floral primordia in planta. Defects in type-B ARRs reduced the number of carpels. The results indicate that type-B ARRs control carpel regeneration through activating AG expression. Our results provide new information for understanding the mechanism of carpel formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fei Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Ya Lin Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | | | - Wen Jing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Chun Hao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yu Xiu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiao Min Bie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Zhi Juan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
- Corresponding authors: Xian S. Zhang, E-mail, ; Fax, +86-538-8226399; Zhi J. Cheng, E-mail,
| | - Xian Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
- Corresponding authors: Xian S. Zhang, E-mail, ; Fax, +86-538-8226399; Zhi J. Cheng, E-mail,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Influence of auxins on somatic embryogenesis and alkaloid accumulation in Leucojum aestivum callus. Open Life Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.2478/s11535-013-0160-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn vitro cultures of Leucojum aestivum are considered as an alternative for the production of galanthamine, which is used for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. We studied the effects of auxins 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) at concentrations of 25 and 50 µM on the induction of embryogenic callus and its capacity to induce somatic embryogenesis and alkaloid accumulation. The embryogenic response of the explants was from 30% for 25 µM of dicamba to 100% for picloram (for both 25 and 50 µM). 2,4-D (50 µM) stimulated greater callus proliferation and somatic embryo induction as compared to the other auxins. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) stimulated somatic embryo maturation. Callus grown on media containing 50 µM of auxins produced fewer phenolic compounds as compared with callus grown on media containing 25 µM of auxins. GC-MS analyses showed seven alkaloids in the in vivo bulbs and two to four in callus culture. Galanthamine was detected in callus cultivated with 2,4-D (25, 50 µM), picloram (25 µM), and dicamba (50 µM). Other alkaloids, trisphaeridine, tazettine, and 11-hydroxyvittatine were accumulated only in callus growing on medium with picloram (50 µM).
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu XQ, Li XG, Zhang XS. Molecular analysis of hormone-regulated petal regeneration in Petunia. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2008; 27:1169-1176. [PMID: 18408931 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-008-0544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 03/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The petal is an important floral organ of higher plants. To study the mechanism of petal development, the in vitro regeneration system of petals was established in Petunia. High-frequency induction of petals occurred directly from explants on the media containing the combination of N6-benzyladenine (6-BA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Expression analysis of genes involved in flower development indicated that these genes were classified into three types. ABERRANT LEAF AND FLOWER (ALF) gene was induced during petal regeneration. Whereas, B-class and E-class genes, and genes involved in cell division were constitutively upregulated. In contrast, C-class and D-class genes were not expressed in explants and regenerated tissues. Further, in situ hybridization analysis showed that both ALF and GREEN PETAL (GP) expression were spatially regulated. The results suggest that differential regulation of gene expression occurs in the presence of hormones during petal regeneration, and hormone-regulated gene expression might be required for petal regeneration. This study provides the preliminary information to understand the mechanism of petal regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Q Wu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao XY, Su YH, Cheng ZJ, Zhang XS. Cell fate switch during in vitro plant organogenesis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2008; 50:816-24. [PMID: 18713392 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2008.00701.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant mature cells have the capability to reverse their state of differentiation and produce new organs under cultured conditions. Two phases, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation, are commonly characterized during in vitro organogenesis. In these processes, cells undergo fate switch several times regulated by both extrinsic and intrinsic factors, which are associated with reentry to the cell cycle, the balance between euchromatin and heterochromatin, reprogramming of gene expression, and so forth. This short article reviews the advances in the mechanism of organ regeneration from plant somatic cells in molecular, genomic and epigenetic aspects, aiming to provide important information on the mechanism underlying cell fate switch during in vitro plant organogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guan CM, Zhu SS, Li XG, Zhang XS. Hormone-regulated inflorescence induction and TFL1 expression in Arabidopsis callus in vitro. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2006; 25:1133-7. [PMID: 16676184 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-006-0165-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2005] [Revised: 03/26/2006] [Accepted: 04/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To study hormone-regulated inflorescence development, we established the in vitro regeneration system of Arabidopsis inflorescences in the presence of cytokinin and auxin. Media containing a combination of thidiazuron (TDZ) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were used to induce callus formation. Higher frequencies of calli were obtained by using the inflorescence stems as explants. After transferring the calli to media containing a combination of zeatin and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the inflorescences were induced from the calli. The morphology of regenerated inflorescences was similar to that of inflorescences in plants; however, flowers of regenerated inflorescences often lacked a few floral organs. Furthermore, TFL1, a gene involved in floral transition in Arabidopsis, was activated during the inflorescence induction. Our results suggest that the TFL1 gene plays an important role in hormone-regulated inflorescence formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Guan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu YY, Wang XM, Li J, Li JH, Wu JS, Walker JC, Xu ZH, Chong K. Activation of the WUS gene induces ectopic initiation of floral meristems on mature stem surface in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 57:773-84. [PMID: 15952065 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-005-0952-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2004] [Accepted: 01/19/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A gain-of-function Arabidopsis mutant was identified via activation tagging genetic screening. The mutant exhibited clustered ectopic floral buds on the surface of inflorescence stems. The mutant was designated as sef for stem ectopic flowers. Our detailed studies indicate that the ectopic flower meristems are initiated from the differentiated cortex cells. Inverse PCR and sequence analysis indicated that the enhancer-containing T-DNA from the activation tagging construct, SKI015, was inserted upstream of the previously cloned WUS gene encoding a homeodomain protein. Studies from RT-PCR, RNA in situ hybridization and transgenic plant analysis further confirmed that the phenotypes of sef are caused by the overexpression of WUS. Our results suggest that overexpression of WUS could trigger the cell pluripotence and reestablish a new meristem in cortex. The type of new meristems caused by WUS overexpression was dependent upon the developmental and physiological stages of a plant. With the help of some undefined factors in the reproductive organs the new meristems differentiated into floral buds. In a vegetative growth plant, however, only the new vegetative buds can be initiated upon the overexpression of WUS. These studies provide new insights of WUS on flower development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, XiangShan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Boltenkov EV, Zarembo EV. In vitro regeneration and callogenesis in tissue culture of floral organs of the genus Iris (Iridaceae). BIOL BULL+ 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10525-005-0020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
12
|
An YR, Li XG, Su HY, Zhang XS. Pistil induction by hormones from callus of Oryza sativa in vitro. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2004; 23:448-452. [PMID: 15365761 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-004-0864-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2004] [Revised: 06/04/2004] [Accepted: 07/31/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the successful formation of floral organ pistil from the callus of pistil explants of Oryza sativa L. For induction of floral organs, different explants--including young embryo, lemma, palea and pistil--were used for callus induction with different combinations of N(6)-benzyladenine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). High frequencies of callus formation from pistil and young embryo explants were achieved. Floral organs were induced after calli from pistils were transferred to medium containing both zeatin and 2,4-D. The morphological characteristics of the pistil-like organs are very similar to those formed in planta though with minor differences. Further histological study revealed that the in vitro pistil contains an ovule within its ovary. Furthermore, a pistil-specific gene, OsMADS3 used as a molecular marker for pistil identity, was expressed in the pistil-like organs as it was in pistils in the flower of the plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y R An
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xu HY, Li XG, Li QZ, Bai SN, Lu WL, Zhang XS. Characterization of HoMADS 1 and its induction by plant hormones during in vitro ovule development in Hyacinthus orientalis L. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2004; 55:209-20. [PMID: 15604676 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-004-0181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To understand the molecular mechanism of ovule development, a MADS box gene, HoMADS 1 , has been isolated from the ovule tissues of Hyacinthus . Sequence comparison showed that HoMADS 1 is highly homologous to both class C and D genes. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis suggests that HoMADS 1 is most likely a class D MADS box gene. RNA hybridization revealed that HoMADS 1 was exclusively expressed in the ovules. Over-expressing HoMADS 1 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants produced ectopic carpelloid structures, including ovules, indicating that HoMADS 1 is involved in the determination of carpel and ovule identities. Interestingly, during in vitro flowering, no HoMADS 1 mRNA was detected in the floral tissues at high level hormones in the media. However, HoMADS 1 mRNA accumulated in the floral tissues when the regenerated flowers were transferred to the media containing low level hormones which could induce in vitro ovule formation. Our data suggest that the induction of HoMADS 1 by plant hormones may play important roles during ovule initiation and development in the regenerated flower. Whether HoMADS 1 expression is also regulated by cytokinin and auxin during ovule development in planta remains to be investigated.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Cytokinins/pharmacology
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification
- Flowers/genetics
- Flowers/growth & development
- Flowers/ultrastructure
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
- Hyacinthus/drug effects
- Hyacinthus/genetics
- Hyacinthus/growth & development
- Indoleacetic Acids/pharmacology
- MADS Domain Proteins/genetics
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Tissue Culture Techniques
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yan Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang X, Li Q, Li X, Bai S, Lu W. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of HAG1 in the floral organs of Hyacinthus orientalis L. SCIENCE IN CHINA. SERIES C, LIFE SCIENCES 2000; 43:395-401. [PMID: 18726343 DOI: 10.1007/bf02879304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/1999] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
HAG1 gene was isolated from the floral organs of Hyacinthus orientalis L. by using RT-PCR. Sequence analysis showed that this gene was homologous to AGAMOUS. Northern hybridization indicated that HAG1 was specifically expressed in floral organs using 3' end of HAG1 as a probe. Further, transcript of this gene was not detected in differentiating tepals induced by lower concentration of hormones, however, it was detected in differentiating stemans by higher concentration of hormones in vitro. It is possible that there is a close relationship between the concentration of hormones, homeotic genes and identities of floral organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|