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Mirjanic-Azaric B, Stankovic S, Nezic L, Radic Savic Z, Malcic- Zanic D, Skrbic R, Kotur-Stevuljevic J, Bogavac-Stanojevic N. Analysis of redox status and HDL subclasses in patients with lymphoma and the associations with FDG-PET/CT findings. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1221414. [PMID: 37965473 PMCID: PMC10642952 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1221414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Newer research points to alterations in the plasma redox status and the HDL subclass distributions in cancer. We aimed to assess the redox status and the HDL subclass distributions, lipids, and inflammatory markers in lymphoma patients in order to determine whether they were correlated with changes in FDG-PET/CT scans. At the beginning of this study, redox status, HDL subclasses, lipids, and inflammation biomarkers were determined in 58 patients with lymphoma (Hodgkin lymphoma, n=11 and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, n=47), and these same measurements were reassessed during their ensuing treatment (in 25 patients). Initially, the total oxidation status (TOS), the prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), the OS index (OSI), the total protein sulfhydryl groups (SH-groups), and the advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) were significantly higher in lymphoma patients as compared to healthy subjects, but the total antioxidant status (TAS) was significantly reduced. The PAB had a strong correlation with the CRP and interleukin-6 (rho=0.726, p<0.001; rho=0.386, p=0.003). The correlations between these parameters and the maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) were: PAB, rho=0.335 and p=0.010; SH-groups, rho=0.265 and p=0.044; CRP, rho=0.391 and p=0.002; HDL3b, rho=0.283 and p=0.031; HDL2b, rho= -0.294 and p=0.025; and HDL size, rho= -0.295 and p=0.024. The reductions in SUVmax between two follow-up points were associated with increases in the OSI, TOS, and SH-groups, as well as a reduction in the PAB and TAS. In conclusion, the redox parameters in patients with lymphoma were consistent with FDG-PET/CT findings. Targeting the redox status parameters and the HDL subclasses could be potential strategies in the molecular fight against lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosa Mirjanic-Azaric
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Institute of Laboratory Diagnostic, University Clinical Centre of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sinisa Stankovic
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University Clinical Centre of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Lana Nezic
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Zana Radic Savic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dragana Malcic- Zanic
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ranko Skrbic
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jelena Kotur-Stevuljevic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
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A Review of the Action of Magnesium on Several Processes Involved in the Modulation of Hematopoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197084. [PMID: 32992944 PMCID: PMC7582682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential mineral for the functioning and maintenance of the body. Disturbances in Mg2+ intracellular homeostasis result in cell-membrane modification, an increase in oxidative stress, alteration in the proliferation mechanism, differentiation, and apoptosis. Mg2+ deficiency often results in inflammation, with activation of inflammatory pathways and increased production of proinflammatory cytokines by immune cells. Immune cells and others that make up the blood system are from hematopoietic tissue in the bone marrow. The hematopoietic tissue is a tissue with high indices of renovation, and Mg2+ has a pivotal role in the cell replication process, as well as DNA and RNA synthesis. However, the impact of the intra- and extracellular disturbance of Mg2+ homeostasis on the hematopoietic tissue is little explored. This review deals specifically with the physiological requirements of Mg2+ on hematopoiesis, showing various studies related to the physiological requirements and the effects of deficiency or excess of this mineral on the hematopoiesis regulation, as well as on the specific process of erythropoiesis, granulopoiesis, lymphopoiesis, and thrombopoiesis. The literature selected includes studies in vitro, in animal models, and in humans, giving details about the impact that alterations of Mg2+ homeostasis can have on hematopoietic cells and hematopoietic tissue.
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Gile J, Ruan G, Abeykoon J, McMahon MM, Witzig T. Magnesium: The overlooked electrolyte in blood cancers? Blood Rev 2020; 44:100676. [PMID: 32229066 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium is an important element that has essential roles in the regulation of cell growth, division, and differentiation. Mounting evidence in the literature suggests an association between hypomagnesemia and all-cause mortality. In addition, epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that a diet poor in magnesium increases the risk of developing cancer, highlighting its importance in the field of hematology and oncology. In solid malignancies, hypomagnesemia at diagnosis portends a worse prognosis. However, little is known about prognosis in patients with hypomagnesemia and blood cancers in general; lymphoma more specifically. Hypomagnesemia has been associated with a higher viral load of the Epstein Barr virus, a virus associated with a multitude of hematologic malignancies. The role of magnesium in the immune system has been further elucidated in studies of patients with a rare primary immunodeficiency known as XMEN disease (X-linked immunodeficiency with Magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and Neoplasia disease). These patients have a mutation in the MAGT1 gene, which codes for a magnesium transporter. The mutation leads to impaired T cell activation and an increased risk of developing hematologic malignancies. In this review we discuss the relevance of magnesium as an electrolyte, current measurement techniques, and the known data related to cause and prognosis of blood cancers. The goal is to use these data to stimulate additional high-quality and well powered studies to further investigate the role of magnesium in preventing cancer and improving outcomes of patients with malignancy and concomitant magnesium deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Gile
- Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Gordon Ruan
- Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | | | | | - Thomas Witzig
- Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Vormann J, Günther T, Höllriegl V, Schümann K. Effect of various degrees and duration of magnesium deficiency on lipid peroxidation and mineral metabolism in rats. J Nutr Biochem 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0955-2863(95)00143-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Peplow PV. Modification to dietary intake of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and trace elements can influence arachidonic acid metabolism and eicosanoid production. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1992; 45:1-19. [PMID: 1546062 DOI: 10.1016/0952-3278(92)90097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P V Peplow
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Vande Linde AM, Chopp M, Chen H, Helpern JA, Knight R, Schultz L, Welch KM. Chronic changes in the brain Mg2+ concentration after forebrain ischemia in the rat. Metab Brain Dis 1991; 6:199-206. [PMID: 1812393 DOI: 10.1007/bf00996919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Brain Mg2+ ion concentrations, [Mg2+], were evaluated in three groups of animals subjected to either 8 minutes (n = 10), or 12 minutes (n = 10) of near-complete forebrain ischemia, or sham operation (n = 10), from their 31P NMR spectra. No significant differences were observed in [Mg2+] among sham operated animals prior to or at any time point after surgery. In the 8-min ischemia group, mean [Mg2+] were significantly lower at 48 (0.28 +/- 0.06 mM, p = 0.014) and 72 (0.29 +/- 0.07 mM, p = 0.005) hours post-ischemia when compared to their mean pre-ischemia levels (0.39 +/- 0.08 mM). [Mg2+] was restored to pre-ischemia values at 96 hours after induction of ischemia. In the 12 min ischemia group, [Mg2+] were lower at all time points post-ischemia when compared to their pre-ischemia levels. Our data shows that forebrain ischemia causes a chronic decline of cerebral Mg2+ concentration, and the observed reduction of this cation can be partially attributed to concurrent brain tissue alkalosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Vande Linde
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health Sciences Center, Detroit, MI
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Abstract
Spontaneous acute lymphomas and related leukemias, occurring in three of 2,974 male Wistar rats used as controls in toxicity studies during the last 14 years (1974-1987), were examined by light and electron microscopy and by using immunohistochemistry. At autopsy, conspicuous hepatosplenomegaly was noted. Morphologically, tumor cells of all three rats were medium-sized lymphocytes with many mitotic figures proliferating mainly in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. Virus-like particles were not detected. Immunohistochemically, almost all tumor cells were positive for thy-1 antigen but negative for hematopoietic and differentiation markers such as W3/13, W3/25, OX4, OX8, and OX12. The results suggest that the lymphomas in these three rats were derived from T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hayashi
- Hikari Branch, Drug Safety Evaluation Laboratories, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd., Yamaguchi, Japan
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SHORT COMMUNICATION. Clin Chem Lab Med 1989. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.1989.27.8.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gossrau R, Merker HJ, Günther T, Graf R, Vormann J. Enzymatic and morphological response of the thymus to drugs in normal and zinc-deficient pregnant rats and their fetuses. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1987; 86:321-9. [PMID: 2952624 DOI: 10.1007/bf00490266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In the thymus of normally fed pregnant rats the plasma membrane enzymes dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) and alkaline phosphatase (alP) were found in cortical and medullary lymphocytes (thymocytes). Plasma membrane aminopeptidase A (APA) and adenosine monophosphate hydrolysing phosphatase (AMPP) were present in cortical reticular cells. In medullary reticular cells, aminopeptidase M (APM), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), adenosine triphosphate (ATPP) and thiamine pyrophosphate (TPPP) cleaving phosphatases were detected. Medullary reticular cells did not contain APA. Lysosomal DPP I and II, acid phosphatase, acid beta-D-galactosidase, beta-D-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, beta-D-glucuronidase and non-specific esterases occurred especially in macrophages at the corticomedullary junction. The 21-day-old fetal thymus showed a similar reaction pattern as the maternal organ except for APA which was absent before birth. After treatment of the pregnant rats with valproic acid (VPA), salicylic acid (SA), streptozotocin (ST) and retinoic acid (RA) APA showed an increase in activity in the thymic cortex. In addition, ST and RA induced AMPP, ATPP and TPPP activity in cortical reticular cells up to the same pattern as in medullary reticular cells. After ethanol (ET) administration severe damages occurred. The thymic cortex was free of DPP IV-positive lymphocytes; the medullary reticular cells showed reduced or no GGT and occasionally an increased APM activity. Dexamethasone (DEXA) given to normal or zinc-deficient rats produced the most severe lesions; thymocytes with DPP IV activity were completely absent in the cortex and medulla. In Zn-deficient pregnant rats similar alterations were observed as after ET.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Nigam S, Averdunk R, Günther T. Alteration of prostanoid metabolism in rats with magnesium deficiency. PROSTAGLANDINS, LEUKOTRIENES, AND MEDICINE 1986; 23:1-10. [PMID: 3016750 DOI: 10.1016/0262-1746(86)90070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Plasma and tissue concentrations of prostanoids PGE2, PGF2 alpha. 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (a stable metabolite of prostacyclin) and TXB2 (a stable metabolite of thromboxane A2) were measured in normal and magnesium-deficient rats. The mean values for prostanoids in plasma were significantly higher in magnesium-deficient rats than in normals (515 +/- 43 vs 296 +/- 31 pg/ml for 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, p less than 0.01, 3700 +/- 322 vs 346 +/- 33 pg/ml for TXB2, p less than 0.001 and 1234 +/- 132 vs 434 +/- 51 pg/ml for PGE2, p less than 0.001). Tissue levels of prostanoids were also significantly higher in magnesium-deficient rats as compared to normals. The increased synthesis of prostanoids is apparently linked to enhanced influx and translocation of Ca++ into the cells. If the adenylate cyclase is inhibited in magnesium deficiency, the lowered c-AMP will permit a high cyclooxygenase activity and a drastic increase in TXB2. It is possible that the changes in prostaglandin synthesis in magnesium deficiency are linked to the development of different diseases.
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Gossrau R, Vormann J, Günther T. Enzyme histochemistry of malignant T cell lymphoma due to chronic magnesium deficiency in rats. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1984; 80:183-6. [PMID: 6143741 DOI: 10.1007/bf00679994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The lymphocytes of the rat thymus can be grossly differentiated by their cell membrane-bound proteinases. Subcapsular thymocytes lack aminopeptidase A (APA) and AMP and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT). Cortical thymocytes show a high activity of APA but no APM and no GGT. Medullar thymocytes possess a high GGT and APM activity but are free of APA. Under Mg deficiency, the APA-negative subcapsular thymocytes are reduced. In lymphoma and beginning lymphoma, APA, APM and GGT are absent. In lymphoma, the alkaline phosphatase activity is increased. Differences are found for dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV). In some lymphoma, its activity is reduced, in others the DPP IV activity is increased.
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