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Sinha RP, Lebert M, Kumar A, Kumar HD, Häder DP. Spectroscopic and Biochemical Analyses of UV Effects on Phycobiliproteins ofAnabaenasp. andNostoc carmium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1995.tb00836.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Schneider S, Prenzel CJ, Brehm G, Gottschalk L, Zhao KH, Scheer H. RESONANCE-ENHANCED CARS SPECTROSCOPY OF BILIPROTEINS. INFLUENCE OF AGGREGATION and LINKER PROTEINS ON CHROMOPHORE STRUCTURE IN ALLOPHYCOCYANIN (Mastigocladus laminosus). Photochem Photobiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1995.tb09146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Talarico L, Maranzana G. Light and adaptive responses in red macroalgae: an overview. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2000; 56:1-11. [PMID: 11073310 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(00)00046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The most recent research shows an increased interest in algal photobiology following the modifications of light spectral composition induced by the 'ozone depletion' in the atmosphere. The consequences of this change on the macrophytic red algae, which possess accessory light-harvesting complexes, are currently uncertain. Moreover the underwater light field of coastal waters, where most macroalgae are living, has been well characterized only in the last few years. The presence and the variability of light components, such as red, far-red, green, blue and ultraviolet radiation, in these environments, at different depths, have raised the question of whether red macroalgae are 'light-intensity or/and light-quality adapters'. In this paper various adaptive responses of red algae, both in the field and under culture, are discussed in order to compare the physiological and ecological results. All these studies seem to suggest that red algae are both 'light-intensity and light-quality adapters'. In particular, the light quality and, overall, the modulation of the ratios between spectral components seem to play the role of photomorphogenic 'signals' regulating algal metabolism and growth. Short- and long-term responses, and potential strategies and mechanisms for adaptation to light at individual, cellular and molecular levels, are discussed with special reference to the photosynthetic equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Talarico
- Department of Biology, University of Trieste, Italy.
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Thomas JC, Passaquet C. Characterization of a phycoerythrin without alpha-subunits from a unicellular red alga. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:2472-82. [PMID: 9891018 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.4.2472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe here the spectral and biochemical properties of a novel biliprotein belonging to the phycoerythrin family, purified from the phycobilisome of a unicellular red alga, Rhodella reticulata strain R6. This biliprotein is assembled from a unique beta-type subunit, chloroplast-encoded, whose hexameric or dodecameric aggregates are stabilized by unusually large linkers (87 and 60 kDa) encoded by the nuclear genome. Although each beta-type subunit bears two phycoerythrobilins and one phycocyanobilin per chain, the linker polypeptides are non-chromophorylated. The apoprotein of the beta-subunit of the R. reticulata R6 phycoerythrin is specified by a monocistronic rpeB chloroplast gene that is split into three exons. We discuss the relationships between R6 beta-phycoerythrin and the previously published polypeptide sequences, the structural consequences due to the absence of an alpha-subunit, and its evolutionary implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Thomas
- Laboratoire de Photorégulation et Dynamique des Membranes Végétales, CNRS, Unité de Recherche Associée 1810, GDR 1002, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75 230 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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Brejc K, Ficner R, Huber R, Steinbacher S. Isolation, crystallization, crystal structure analysis and refinement of allophycocyanin from the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis at 2.3 A resolution. J Mol Biol 1995; 249:424-40. [PMID: 7783202 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1995.0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The phycobiliprotein allophycocyanin from the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis has been isolated and crystallized. The crystals belong to space group P6(3)22 with cell constants a = b = 101.9 A, c = 130.6 A, alpha = beta = 90 degrees, gamma = 120 degrees, with one (alpha beta) monomer in the asymmetric unit. The three-dimensional structure of the (alpha beta) monomer was solved by multiple isomorphous replacement. The crystal structure has been refined in a cyclic manner by energy-restrained crystallographic refinement and model building. The conventional crystallographic R-factor of the final model is 19.6% with data from 8.0 to 2.3 A. The molecular structure of the subunits resembles other solved phycobiliprotein structures. In comparison to C-phycocyanin and b-phycoerythrin the major differences arise from deletions and insertions of segments involved in the protein-chromophore interactions. The stereochemistry of the alpha 84 and beta 84 chiral atoms are C(2)-R, C(3)-R and C(31)-R. The configuration (C(4)-Z, C(10)-Z and C(15)-Z) and the conformation (C(5)-anti, C(9)-syn and C(14)-anti) are equal for both chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brejc
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, Germany
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Dunn RC, Allen EV, Joyce SA, Anderson GA, Sunney Xie X. Near-field fluorescent imaging of single proteins. Ultramicroscopy 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-3991(94)00121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fischer M, Häder DP. UV effects on photosynthesis and phycobiliprotein composition in the flagellate Cyanophora paradoxa. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 1992. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.1992.tb00006.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Fischer M, Häder DP. UV effects on photosynthesis and phycobiliprotein composition in the flagellateCyanophora paradoxa. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05768.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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9
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Wehrmeyer W. Phycobilisomes: Structure and function. CELL WALLS AND SURFACES, REPRODUCTION, PHOTOSYNTHESIS 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-48652-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Holzwarth AR. Applications of ultrafast laser spectroscopy for the study of biological systems. Q Rev Biophys 1989; 22:239-326. [PMID: 2695961 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583500002985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of mode-locked laser operation now nearly two decades ago has started a development which enables researchers to probe the dynamics of ultrafast physical and chemical processes at the molecular level on shorter and shorter time scales. Naturally the first applications were in the fields of photophysics and photochemistry where it was then possible for the first time to probe electronic and vibrational relaxation processes on a sub-nanosecond timescale. The development went from lasers producing pulses of many picoseconds to the shortest pulses which are at present just a few femtoseconds long. Soon after their discovery ultrashort pulses were applied also to biological systems which has revealed a wealth of information contributing to our understanding of a broadrange of biological processes on the molecular level.It is the aim of this review to discuss the recent advances and point out some future trends in the study of ultrafast processes in biological systems using laser techniques. The emphasis will be mainly on new results obtained during the last 5 or 6 years. The term ultrafast means that I shall restrict myself to sub-nanosecond processes with a few exceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Holzwarth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Mülheim/Ruhr, FRG
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Shively JM, Bryant DA, Fuller RC, Konopka AE, Stevens SE, Strohl WR. Functional inclusions in prokaryotic cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1988; 113:35-100. [PMID: 3068183 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Shively
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, South Carolina 29634
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Muth E, Mörschel E, Klein A. Purification and characterization of an 8-hydroxy-5-deazaflavin-reducing hydrogenase from the archaebacterium Methanococcus voltae. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1987; 169:571-7. [PMID: 3121317 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb13647.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A methylviologen and 8-hydroxy-5-deazaflavin(F420)-reducing hydrogenase was purified over 800-fold to near homogeneity from the archaebacterium Methanococcus voltae with 10 U mg-1 F420-reducing activity. It is the only hydrogenase in this organism. The enzyme showed Km values of 16 microM for F420 and 1.2 mM for methylviologen. A turnover number of 1050 min-1 was calculated for the minimal active unit. The protein tends to aggregate. The molecular mass of the minimal active unit is 105 kDa. Larger molecules of 745 kDa were regularly observed. The enzyme was resolved into subunits with molecular masses of 55 kDa, 45 kDa, 37 kDa and 27 kDa by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Reversible conversion of an anionic into an uncharged form was observed by DEAE-cellulose chromatography with concomitant changes in substrate specificities. The methylviologen-reducing activity was heat-resistant up to 65 degrees C and was not affected by antiserum raised against the native enzyme, while F420 reduction was inactivated by both treatments. Nickel and selenium contents were determined as 0.6-0.7 mol each, FAD content as 1 mol and iron as 4.5 mol/mol protein (105 kDa), respectively. Electron micrographs taken from the purified enzyme show ring-shaped molecules of 18 nm diameter, which represent the high-molecular-mass species of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Muth
- Molecular Genetics, Philipps University, Marburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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Mörschel E, Schatz GH. Correlation of photosystem-II complexes with exoplasmatic freeze-fracture particles of thylakoids of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PLANTA 1987; 172:145-54. [PMID: 24225865 DOI: 10.1007/bf00394582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/1986] [Accepted: 04/14/1987] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The supramolecular structure of the exoplasmic freeze-fracture particles of thylakoids of the thermophilic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. is compared with that of isolated photosystem-II complexes. The in-situ EF particles are scattered on the thylakoids or organized in rows of variable length; the latter aligned particles measure 10 nmx20 nm and are separated perpendicular to their long axis into two parts. We propose that they represent dimers composed of two monomeric 10-nm EF particles side by side. Isolated photosystem (PS)II particles correspond in size to the monomeric 10-nm EF particles as analysed by negative contrast and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Dimeric PSII particles, very similar to the in-situ 10 nmx20 nm EF particles, are obtained after incorporation of purified PSII complexes into liposomes made from phospholipid and cholesterol. Each monomeric complex consists of the reaction center, the water-splitting system, the chlorophyll antennae and phycobilisome-binding polypeptides. We propose that the dimeric complexes bind one hemidiscoidal phycobilisome at their domains exposed to the external side of the thylakoids. The implications of this arrangement of the PSII-phycobilisome complexes within the thylakoids upon excitation-energy distribution are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mörschel
- Fachbereich Biologie-Botanik der Philipps-Universität, Karl-von Frisch-Strasse, D-3550, Marburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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Zuber H, Brunisholz R, Sidler W. Chapter 11 Structure and function of light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes. NEW COMPREHENSIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Schirmer T, Huber R, Schneider M, Bode W, Miller M, Hackert ML. Crystal structure analysis and refinement at 2.5 A of hexameric C-phycocyanin from the cyanobacterium Agmenellum quadruplicatum. The molecular model and its implications for light-harvesting. J Mol Biol 1986; 188:651-76. [PMID: 3090271 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(86)80013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the light-harvesting protein-pigment complex C-phycocyanin from the cyanobacterium Agmenellum quadruplicatum has been determined by Patterson search techniques on the basis of the molecular model of C-phycocyanin from Mastigocladus laminosus. The crystal unit cell (space group P321) contains three (alpha beta)6 hexamers centred on the crystallographic triads. The hexamer at the origin of the unit cell exhibits crystallographic 32 point symmetry. The other two hexamers (independent of the former) show crystallographic 3-fold and local 2-fold symmetry. The 3-fold redundancy of the asymmetric unit of the crystal cell was used in the refinement process, which proceeded by cyclic averaging, model building and energy-restrained crystallographic refinement. Refinement was terminated with a conventional crystallographic R-value of 0.20 with data to 2.5 A resolution. The two independent hexamers of the unit cell are identical within the limits of error at all levels of aggregation. Two trimers, which closely resemble the M. laminosus C-phycocyanin, are aggregated head-to-head to form the hexamer. Both trimers fit complementarily and are held together by polar and ionic interactions. Conservation of the amino acid residues involved in protein-chromophore and intermonomer interactions suggests common structural features for all biliproteins. Most probably, the hexameric aggregation form present in the crystals is closely related to the discs of native phycobilisome rods. All tetrapyrrole chromophores are extended but with different geometries enforced by different protein surroundings. In particular, interactions of the propionic side-chains with arginine residues and of the pyrrole nitrogen atoms with aspartate residues define configuration and conformation of the chromophores. Relative chromophore distances and orientations have been determined and a preferential pathway for the energy transfer suggested. Accordingly, within a hexamer the absorbed energy is funneled to chromophore B84 and then transduced via B84 chromophores along the phycobilisome rods.
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Dagen AJ, Alfano RR, Zilinskas BA, Swenberg CE. Analysis of fluorescence kinetics and energy transfer in isolated alpha subunits of phycoerythrin from Nostoc sp. Photochem Photobiol 1986; 43:71-9. [PMID: 3081920 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1986.tb05593.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Schirmer T, Bode W, Huber R, Sidler W, Zuber H. X-ray crystallographic structure of the light-harvesting biliprotein C-phycocyanin from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus and its resemblance to globin structures. J Mol Biol 1985; 184:257-77. [PMID: 3928897 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(85)90379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The structure of the biliprotein C-phycocyanin from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus has been determined at 3 A resolution by X-ray diffraction methods. Phases have been obtained by the multiple isomorphous replacement method. The electron density map could be improved by solvent flattening and has been interpreted in terms of the amino acid sequence. The protein consists of three identical (alpha-beta)-units which are arranged around a threefold symmetry axis to form a disc of approximate dimensions 110 A X 30 A with a central channel of 35 A in diameter. This aggregation form is supposed to be the same as that found in the rods of native phycobilisomes. Both subunits, alpha and beta, exhibit a similar structure and are related by a local twofold rotational axis. Each subunit is folded into eight helices and irregular loops. Six helices are arranged to form a globular part, whereas two helices stick out and mediate extensive contact between the subunits. The arrangement of the helices of the globular part resembles the globin fold: 59 equivalent C alpha-atoms have a root-mean-square deviation of 2 X 9 A. The chromophores attached to cystein 84 of the alpha- and beta-subunits are topologically equivalent to the haem. All three chromophores of C-phycocyanin, open-chain tetrapyrroles, are in an extended conformation. alpha 84 and beta 84 are attached to helix E (globin nomenclature), beta 155 is linked to the G--H loop. The shortest centre-to-centre distance between chromophores in trimer is 22 A.
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van Grondelle R. Excitation energy transfer, trapping and annihilation in photosynthetic systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-4173(85)90017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Morisset W, Wehrmeyer W, Schirmer T, Bode W. Crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction data of the cryptomonad biliprotein phycocyanin-645 from a Chroomonas spec. Arch Microbiol 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00454927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mörschel E, Mühlethaler K. On the linkage of exoplasmatic freeze-fracture particles to phycobilisomes. PLANTA 1983; 158:451-457. [PMID: 24264855 DOI: 10.1007/bf00397739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/1983] [Accepted: 03/11/1983] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The thylakoids of the thermophilic cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus were examined by freeze-fracture analysis. The expolasmatic (EF)-freeze-fracture particles are organized in rows, separated by 45 nm or more with a 12-nm center-tocenter spacing of neighboring particles. Phycobilisomes, associated to the outer thylakoid surfaces show a similar spacing pattern. Fractures exposing simultaneously phycobilisomes and EF-freeze-fracture particles on the same thylakoid show a direct alignment of both systems. Consequently the phycobilisomes are concluded to be associated peripherally on top of the EF-freeze-fracture particles in a 1:1 assembly pattern. The periodicity of the EF-freeze-fracture particles determines the arrangement of the phycobilisomes in the rows. The planar phycobilisome model of Mörschel et al. (1977) easily allows a successive arrangement of the phycobilisomes in a row, whereas with the staggered model developed by Bryant et al. (1979), only a cogged arrangement of neighboring phycobilisomes is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mörschel
- Kari von Frisch-Strasse, Fachbereich Biologie der Philipps-Universität, D-3550, Marburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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Lundell DJ, Glazer AN. Molecular architecture of a light-harvesting antenna. Structure of the 18 S core-rod subassembly of the Synechococcus 6301 phycobilisome. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)33135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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