1
|
Zhu R, Yao X, Li W. Langerhans cells and skin immune diseases. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2250280. [PMID: 39030782 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) are the key antigen-presenting cells in the epidermis in normal conditions and respond differentially to environmental and/or endogenous stimuli, exerting either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects. Current knowledge about LCs mainly originates from studies utilizing mouse models, whereas with the development of single-cell techniques, there has been significant progress for human LCs, which has updated our understanding of the phenotype, ontogeny, differentiation regulation, and function of LCs. In this review, we delineated the progress of human LCs and summarized LCs' function in inflammatory skin diseases, providing new ideas for precise regulation of LC function in the prevention and treatment of skin diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Hubei Province & Key Laboratory of Skin Infection and Immunity, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xu Yao
- Department, of Allergy and Rheumatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
King JK, Philips RL, Eriksson AU, Kim PJ, Halder RC, Lee DJ, Singh RR. Langerhans Cells Maintain Local Tissue Tolerance in a Model of Systemic Autoimmune Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:464-76. [PMID: 26071559 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Systemic autoimmune diseases such as lupus affect multiple organs, usually in a diverse fashion where only certain organs are affected in individual patients. It is unclear whether the "local" immune cells play a role in regulating tissue specificity in relation to disease heterogeneity in systemic autoimmune diseases. In this study, we used skin as a model to determine the role of tissue-resident dendritic cells (DCs) in local and systemic involvement within a systemic lupus disease model. Skin-resident DCs, namely, Langerhans cells (LCs), have been implicated in regulating tolerance or autoimmunity using elegant transgenic models, however, their role in local versus systemic immune regulation is unknown. We demonstrate that although lymphocytes from skin-draining lymph nodes of autoimmune-prone MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr/lp) (r) (MRL-lpr) mice react spontaneously to a physiological skin self-Ag desmoglein-3, epicutaneous applications of desmoglein-3 induced tolerance that is dependent on LCs. Inducible ablation of LCs in adult preclinical MRL-lpr and MRL/MpJ-Fas(+/+) mice resulted in increased autoantibodies against skin Ags and markedly accelerated lupus dermatitis with increased local macrophage infiltration, but had no effect on systemic autoantibodies such as anti-dsDNA Abs or disease in other organs such as kidneys, lung, and liver. Furthermore, skin-draining lymph nodes of LC-ablated MRL-lpr mice had significantly fewer CD4(+) T cells producing anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 than LC-intact controls. These results indicate that a skin-resident DC population regulates local tolerance in systemic lupus and emphasize the importance of the local immune milieu in preventing tissue-specific autoimmunity, yet have no effect on systemic autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K King
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Rachael L Philips
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Anna U Eriksson
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Peter J Kim
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ramesh C Halder
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Delphine J Lee
- Dirks/Dougherty Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Translational Immunology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404
| | - Ram Raj Singh
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li BZ, Ye QL, Xu WD, Li JH, Ye DQ, Xu Y. GM-CSF alters dendritic cells in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmunity 2013; 46:409-18. [PMID: 23786272 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2013.803533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases arise from an inappropriate immune response against self components, including macromolecules, cells, tissues, organs etc. They are often triggered or accompanied by inflammation, during which the levels of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are elevated. GM-CSF is an inflammatory cytokine that has profound impact on the differentiation of immune system cells of myeloid lineage, especially dendritic cells (DCs) that play critical roles in immune initiation and tolerance, and is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Although GM-CSF was discovered decades ago, recent studies with some new findings have shed an interesting light on the old hematopoietic growth factor. In the inflammatory autoimmune diseases, GM-CSF redirects the normal developmental pathway of DCs, conditions their antigen presentation capacities and endows them with unique cytokine signatures to affect autoimmune responses. Here we review the latest advances in the field, with the aim of demonstrating the effects of GM-CSF on DCs and their influences on autoimmune diseases. The summarized knowledge will help to design DC-based strategies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Zhu Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University , Anhui , PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jara LJ, Benitez G, Medina G. Prolactin, dendritic cells, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmun Rev 2008; 7:251-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2007.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
5
|
Yang JQ, Chun T, Liu H, Hong S, Bui H, Van Kaer L, Wang CR, Singh RR. CD1d deficiency exacerbates inflammatory dermatitis in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Eur J Immunol 2004; 34:1723-32. [PMID: 15162443 PMCID: PMC2291526 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200324099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms responsible for the development of autoimmune skin disease in humans and animal models with lupus remain poorly understood. In this study, we have investigated the role of CD1d, an antigen-presenting molecule known to activate natural killer T cells, in the development of inflammatory dermatitis in lupus-susceptible MRL-lpr/lpr mice. In particular, we have established MRL-lpr/lpr mice carrying a germ-line deletion of the CD1d genes. We demonstrate that CD1d-deficient MRL-lpr/lpr mice, as compared with wild-type littermates, have more frequent and more severe skin disease, with increased local infiltration with mast cells, lymphocytes and dendritic cells, including Langerhans cells. CD1d-deficient MRL-lpr/lpr mice had increased prevalence of CD4(+) T cells in the spleen and liver and of TCR alpha beta (+)B220(+) cells in lymph nodes. Furthermore, CD1d deficiency was associated with decreased T cell production of type 2 cytokines and increased or unchanged type 1 cytokines. These findings indicate a regulatory role of CD1d in inflammatory dermatitis. Understanding the mechanisms by which CD1d deficiency results in splenic T cell expansion and cytokine alterations, with increased dermal infiltration of dendritic cells and lymphocytes in MRL-lpr/lpr mice, will have implications for the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qi Yang
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Taehoon Chun
- Gwen Knapp Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Hongzhu Liu
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Seokmann Hong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Hai Bui
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | | | - Ram Raj Singh
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang JQ, Saxena V, Xu H, Van Kaer L, Wang CR, Singh RR. Repeated α-Galactosylceramide Administration Results in Expansion of NK T Cells and Alleviates Inflammatory Dermatitis in MRL-lpr/lpr Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2003; 171:4439-46. [PMID: 14530371 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.8.4439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NK T (NKT) cells expressing the invariant Valpha14-Jalpha18 TCR alpha-chain recognize glycolipid Ags such as alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) presented by the MHC class I-like molecule CD1d. Upon activation by alpha-GalCer, invariant NKT cells secrete multiple cytokines and confer protection in certain immune-mediated disorders. Here we have investigated the role of NKT cells in the development of inflammatory dermatitis in MRL-lpr/lpr mice, which shares features with lupus in humans. Our results show that the numbers Sand functions of NKT (TCRbeta(+)CD1d/alpha-GalCer tetramer(+)) cells, particularly of the NK1.1(-) subset, are reduced in MRL-lpr/lpr mice compared with MRL-fas/fas and/or nonautoimmune C3H/Hej and BALB/c mice. Repeated treatments with alpha-GalCer result in the expansion of NKT cells and alleviate dermatitis in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Our results indicate that NKT cell deficiency can be corrected by repeated alpha-GalCer treatment and that NKT cells may play a protective role in inflammatory dermatitis of lupus-prone mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qi Yang
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim N, Ussin L, Cheng X, Murali R, Sullivan KE. TNFalpha inhibition in MRL/lpr mice ameliorates pulmonary but not renal disease. J Autoimmun 2002; 19:215-22. [PMID: 12473242 DOI: 10.1006/jaut.2002.0617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
TNFalpha inhibition has a clearly beneficial effect in a number of arthritides and in Crohn's disease. The exact mechanism of action is uncertain with studies showing inhibition of chemokines, inhibition of adhesion molecule expression, and improved T-cell function. Unlike most therapeutic interventions for autoimmune disease, TNFalpha inhibition appears to act on specific pathologic processes. It is not known how wide-spread these TNFalpha-mediated pathologic processes are. Efforts to expand the use of TNFalpha inhibition have had notable successes but have been disappointing in other disorders. We hypothesized that TNFalpha-mediated pathologic processes might play a significant role in the end-organ effects seen in SLE. We modeled SLE by using MRL/lpr mice and treated with two types of TNFalpha inhibitor. Pulmonary disease was significantly improved in the treated groups compared to controls. In contrast, renal disease was unaffected suggesting that in lupus, where multiple organs are affected, different pathologic processes may be mediating the end-organ damage. This has important implications for designing therapeutics for SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahmah Kim
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kanauchi H, Furukawa F, Imamura S. Characterization of cutaneous infiltrates in MRL/lpr mice monitored from onset to the full development of lupus erythematosus-like skin lesions. J Invest Dermatol 1991; 96:478-83. [PMID: 1672542 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12470176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The skin is a primary site injured in lupus erythematosus (LE), but it is still controversial whether the injury is due to cells of the mononuclear infiltrate and which immunocompetent cells play the major role in the development of cutaneous LE. To better characterize the role of immunocompetent cells, we performed an immunohistochemical examination of these cells in LE-like skin lesions in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice. Skin lesions in 60 female MRL/lpr mice were monitored from onset to full development. Skin specimens from each stage were stained for epidermal Ia+ Langerhans cells (Ia(+)-LC), for Thy-1+ dendritic epidermal cells (Thy-1+DEC), and for the phenotype of the mononuclear cell infiltrates. The numbers of Ia(+)-LC and Thy-1+DEC were decreased markedly in the skin lesions at the later stage. However, the numbers of Ia(+)-LC were increased significantly in the central portion of lesions at an early stage and in the peripheral portion of lesions later. L3T4+ cells were predominant, and the L3T4/Lyt-2 ratio was high in dermal infiltrates at an early stage. With advancing stage, the L3T4/Lyt-2 ratio gradually decreased in dermal infiltrates, whereas the Thy-1.2/Lyt-2 ratio in lymph nodes was reversed. L3T4+ cells were especially predominant in dermal infiltrates under the epidermis with increased numbers of Ia(+)-LC. This immunohistochemical analysis of a mouse model of cutaneous LE revealed changes in immunocompetent cell populations with the evolution of skin lesions, and we conclude that Ia(+)-LC and Thy-1+DEC, as well as L3T4+ and Lyt-2+ cells, may play pathogenic roles in the development of skin lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Kanauchi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|