Effect of morphine antagonists on drug-induced hypothermia in mice and rats

Complex of rapid movements and vocalization induced by RX336-M in mice: possible relevance to Tourette's syndrome

RX336-M (7,8-dihydro-5',6'-dimethylcyclohex-5'-eno-1',2',8',14 codeinone) induced a complex of simultaneous rapid movements of body parts accompanied by a single squeak-vocalization, which occurred at irregular intervals, when injected i.p. in mice. The complex included whole body jerks and head-shakes and its frequency was dose dependent between 0.1 and 20 mg/kg. Frequency after a 5 mg/kg dose was reduced by haloperidol (0.5-10 mg/kg, i.p.), ritanserin (0.1-10 mg/kg, i.p.) and ICI 169,369 (2.0 mg/kg, i.p.), suggesting the possible involvement of 5-HT(2A) and/or dopamine receptors. The possible relevance of the behavioural effects of RX336-M to the tics and vocalization of Tourette's syndrome is discussed.

Influence of naloxone upon apomorphine-induced rotational behavior in rats with electrolytic versus chemolytical lesions of the substantia nigra

In rats with unilateral electrolytic lesions of the substantia nigra, apomorphine induced ipsilateral rotational behavior that was significantly potentiated by naloxone. Yet, in rats with unilateral chemolytic (6-hydroxydopamine) lesions of the substantia nigra, apomorphine induced dose-dependent contralateral turning that was not influenced by pretreatment with even high doses of naloxone. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of corpora striata from these rats revealed electrolytically-lesioned animals to have a 60-70% reduction in dopamine content while chemolytically-lesioned animals were virtually completely depleted of dopamine. These results suggest that striatal dopamine may be required for naloxone potentiation of apomorphine-induced effects in the rat rotational behavior paradigm.

Changes in body temperature after administration of adrenergic and serotonergic agents and related drugs including antidepressants: II

This survey continues a second series of compilations of data regarding changes in body temperature induced by drugs and related agents. The information listed includes the species used, the route of administration and dose of drug, the environmental temperature at which experiments were performed, the number of tests, the direction and magnitude of change in body temperature and remarks on the presence of special conditions, such as age or brain lesions. Also indicated is the influence of other drugs, such as antagonists, on the response to the primary agent. Most of the papers were published from 1980 to 1984 but data from many earlier papers are also tabulated.

Changes in body temperature after administration of acetylcholine, histamine, morphine, prostaglandins and related agents: II

This survey continues a second series of compilations of data regarding changes in body temperature induced by drugs and related agents. The information listed includes the species used, the route of administration and dose of drug, the environmental temperature at which experiments were performed, the number of tests, the direction and magnitude of change in body temperature and remarks on the presence of special conditions, such as age or brain lesions. Also indicated is the influence of other drugs, such as antagonists, on the response to the primary agent. Most of the papers were published since 1979, but data from many earlier papers are also tabulated.

Changes in body temperature after administration of amino acids, peptides, dopamine, neuroleptics and related agents: II

This survey begins a second series of compilations of data regarding changes in body temperature induced by drugs and related agents. The information listed includes the species used, the route of administration and dose of drug, the environmental temperature at which experiments were performed, the number of tests, the direction and magnitude of change in body temperature and remarks on the presence of special conditions, such as age or brain lesions. Also indicated is the influence of other drugs, such as antagonists, on the response to the primary agent. Most of the papers were published since 1978, but data from many earlier papers are also tabulated.

ACTH-(1-24) and RX 336-M induce excessive grooming in rats through different mechanisms

ACTH-(1-24) (0.03-6 micrograms i.c.v.) and RX 336-M (7,8-dihydro-5',6'-dimethylcyclohex-5'-eno-1',2',8',14 codeinone) (1.5-6 mg/kg i.p.) induce dose-related excessive grooming and 'wet-dog' shaking in rats. In the present study, the grooming associated with these compounds was compared and analyzed pharmacologically. Grooming caused by RX 336-M and by ACTH-(1-24) was antagonized when rats were pretreated with comparable doses of morphine (0.5-4 mg/kg s.c.), however, only ACTH-(1-24)-induced grooming was attenuated by naloxone (1 and 10 mg/kg s.c.). ICI 154,129 (N,N-bisallyl-Tyr-Gly-Gly-psi-(CH2S)-Phe-Leu-OH) (30 mg/kg s.c.), a selective delta-opiate receptor antagonist, was ineffective against both ACTH-(1-24) and RX 336-M. Although haloperidol is known to antagonize grooming elicited by ACTH-(1-24) (e.g., Wiegant et al., 1977, European J. Pharmacol. 41, 343), even a high dose of this neuroleptic agent (5 mg/kg s.c.) only partially attenuated grooming caused by RX 336-M. Tolerance developed to the grooming elicited by RX 336-M, and by ACTH-(1-24), but there was no cross-tolerance. Both agents were active in genetically hypotrichotic rats; and, again in such animals, even after numbing the area caudal to the shoulders with lidocaine. Given the divergent results with naloxone, and, possibly, with haloperidol, and the lack of cross-tolerance, we conclude that the excessive grooming induced in rats by ACTH-(1-24) and by RX 336-M is mediated by different mechanisms.

Lysergic acid diethylamide antagonizes shaking induced in rats by five chemically different compounds

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), sodium valproate, AF-3-5 (1-[2-hydroxyphenyl]-4-[3-nitrophenyl]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-2-one), RX336-M (7,8-dihydro-5',6'-dimethylcyclohex-5'-eno-1',2',8',14 codeinone), and Sgd 8473 (alpha-[4-chlorobenzylideneamino)-oxy]-isobutyric acid) each induced repetitive shaking of the body of rats after intraperitoneal injection. This action of the five diverse chemicals appears to be subserved by a common pharmacological component, because pretreatment with d-lysergic acid diethylamide (0.03--1.0 mg kg-1, s.c.) attenuated the shaking behavior in a dose-related manner, and cross tolerance was found between RX336-M and TRH, sodium valproate, and AG-3-5.