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Herencias C, Rivero-Buceta V, Salgado S, Hernández-Herreros N, Baquero F, Del Campo R, Nogales J, Prieto MA. Bdellovibrio's prey-independent lifestyle is fueled by amino acids as a carbon source. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:422. [PMID: 39031211 PMCID: PMC11271337 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Identifying the nutritional requirements and growth conditions of microorganisms is crucial for determining their applicability in industry and understanding their role in clinical ecology. Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus have emerged as promising tools for combating infections by human bacterial pathogens due to their natural killing features. Bdellovibrio's lifecycle occurs inside prey cells, using the cytoplasm as a source of nutrients and energy. However, this lifecycle supposes a challenge when determining the specific uptake of metabolites from the prey to complete the growth inside cells, a process that has not been completely elucidated. Here, following a model-based approach, we illuminate the ability of B. bacteriovorus to replicate DNA, increase biomass, and generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in an amino acid-based rich media in the absence of prey, keeping intact its predatory capacity. In this culture, we determined the main carbon sources used and their preference, being glutamate, serine, aspartate, isoleucine, and threonine. This study offers new insights into the role of predatory bacteria in natural environments and establishes the basis for developing new Bdellovibrio applications using appropriate metabolic and physiological methodologies. KEY POINTS: • Amino acids support axenic lifestyle of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. • B. bacteriovorus preserves its predatory ability when growing in the absence of prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Herencias
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas-CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Virginia Rivero-Buceta
- Polymer Biotechnology Laboratory, Biological Research Center-Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics Towards a Circular Economy-CSIC (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Salgado
- Polymer Biotechnology Laboratory, Biological Research Center-Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics Towards a Circular Economy-CSIC (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Hernández-Herreros
- Polymer Biotechnology Laboratory, Biological Research Center-Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics Towards a Circular Economy-CSIC (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Baquero
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Del Campo
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas-CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Nogales
- Systems Biotechnology GroupDepartment of Systems Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics Towards a Circular Economy-CSIC (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Auxiliadora Prieto
- Polymer Biotechnology Laboratory, Biological Research Center-Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics Towards a Circular Economy-CSIC (SusPlast-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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Moeller C, Schmidt C, Guyot F, Wilke M. Hydrolysis rate constants of ATP determined in situ at elevated temperatures. Biophys Chem 2022; 290:106878. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2022.106878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jurkevitch E. Isolation and classification of Bdellovibrio and like organisms. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2012; Chapter 7:Unit7B.1. [PMID: 22875568 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-39044-9_379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bdellovibrio and like organisms (BALOs) are obligate predators of Gram-negative bacteria. BALOs are isolated as plaques growing at the expense of their prey and are cultivated as two-member cultures. The growth cycle is composed of an extracellular attack phase and an intraperiplasmic elongation and replication phase. However, there are methods for obtaining host-independent (HI) mutants that grow without prey on rich media. BALOs are commonly found in the environment but generally constitute small populations; therefore, their isolation may require enrichment steps. Contamination by other bacteria during isolation necessitates efficient separation between the smaller BALO cells from the majority of larger bacteria. BALOs can also be directly detected and quantified in environmental samples using specific PCR. Synchronous cultures of both wild-type and HI derivatives can be obtained to study the different growth phases. These can be further separated by centrifugation. Classification is based on 16S rDNA analysis. Protocols relevant to these aspects of BALO detection, isolation, growth, classification, and quantitation are presented in this unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Jurkevitch
- Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Lambert C, Morehouse KA, Chang CY, Sockett RE. Bdellovibrio: growth and development during the predatory cycle. Curr Opin Microbiol 2006; 9:639-44. [PMID: 17056298 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2006.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Predatory Bdellovibrio enter the periplasm of other Gram-negative bacteria, growing within and consuming them. Unravelling molecular details of this intimate association between bacterial predator and prey is challenging yet fascinating, and might lead to novel antibacterials in the future. Pioneering physiological and biochemical studies described the predatory life of Bdellovibrio in the 1960s and 1970s, later followed by recombinant DNA work in the 1990s, which led to a revival in Bdellovibrio molecular research. This revival continues in the 21st century with the advent of a genome sequence. Now worldwide research is underway on the comparative genomics and transcriptomics of predatory bacteria, and will illuminate the evolutionary adaptations to become predatory, and will hopefully ultimately illuminate how the predatory processes of Bdellovibrio can be employed against pathogenic bacteria and for humankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carey Lambert
- Institute of Genetics, School of Biology QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Fukui K, Kato K, Kodama T, Ohta H, Shimamoto T, Shimono T. Kinetic study of a change in intracellular ATP level associated with aerobic catabolism of ethanol by Streptococcus mutans. J Bacteriol 1988; 170:4589-93. [PMID: 3170479 PMCID: PMC211495 DOI: 10.1128/jb.170.10.4589-4593.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans, a group of lactic acid bacteria and a normal inhabitant of the human oral cavity, generates ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation coupled to oxidation of ethanol (an end product of fermentation of sugars) into acetate in the presence of oxygen (K. Fukui, K. Kato, Kodama, H. Ohta, T. Shima moto, and T. Shimono, Proc. Jpn. Acad. 64B:13-16, 1988). Kinetic measurements were made of the cellular responses of S. mutans FA-1 to ethanol in comparison with those to glucose. In contrast to oxygen-independent acid production from glucose, oxygen was absolutely required for acid production from ethanol. Ethanol elicited a marked increase in the intracellular ATP concentration (ATPi) from a starved level to a steady level which was held constant as long as oxygen was present in the medium. Once oxygen was exhausted, ATPi returned to the starved level without delay. On the contrary, ATPi changes induced by glucose, which were independent of oxygen, followed a rather complicated time course before a steady level was established. Both the steady ATPi and the rate of accompanying oxygen consumption were functions of the ethanol concentration. These two parameters were linearly correlated, indicating that the unimolecular ATP turnover rate, which is independent of the rate of ATP generation in the steady state, can be calculated for cells energized by ethanol. The estimated turnover rate was 1.5 s-1 at 37 degrees C, which is comparable to that for other bacteria energized by glucose under nongrowing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fukui
- Department of Microbiology, Okayama University Dental School, Japan
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Patchett RA, Quilter JA, Jones CW. Energy conservation in whole cells of the methylotrophic bacterium Methylophilus methylotrophus. Arch Microbiol 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00446747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bobyk MA, Afinogenova AV, Dudinskaya MV, Lambina VA, Kulaev IS. Detection of polyphosphates and enzymes of polyphosphate metabolism in Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. ZENTRALBLATT FUR BAKTERIOLOGIE, PARASITENKUNDE, INFEKTIONSKRANKHEITEN UND HYGIENE. ZWEITE NATURWISSENSCHAFTLICHE ABTEILUNG: MIKROBIOLOGIE DER LANDWIRTSCHAFT DER TECHNOLOGIE UND DES UMWELTSCHUTZES 1980; 135:461-6. [PMID: 6256994 DOI: 10.1016/s0323-6056(80)80064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus cells, parasitizing in E. coli, contain a considerable amount of inorganic polyphosphates, 55% of the total pool of which is due to the most polymeric acid-insoluble polyphosphates. B. bacteriovorus contains enzymes participating both in the synthesis and consumption of polyphosphates, i.e. 1,3-diphosphoglycerate: polyphosphate phosphotransferase, polyphosphate glucokinase, polyphosphatase, tripolyphosphatase, pyrophosphatase, acid and alkaline phosphatases. The possible role of high-molecular polyphosphates in the vital activity of the bacterial parasite B. bacteriovorus is discussed.
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