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Solís M, Wingfield MJ, Hammerbacher A, Naidoo S. Comparison of the Infection Biology of Teratosphaeria destructans and Teratosphaeria epicoccoides on Eucalyptus. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:1944-1951. [PMID: 34874178 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-21-1877-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Leaf blight caused by Teratosphaeria destructans is one of the most important diseases of Eucalyptus planted in the subtropics and tropics. In contrast, the better-known T. epicoccoides, though also a primary pathogen of Eucalyptus, causes less damage to trees in these areas. Although T. destructans is an aggressive pathogen, nothing is known about its infection biology. In this study, the conditions for infection and disease development caused by T. destructans and T. epicoccoides were evaluated and compared on a Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla hybrid clone. The optimal temperature for germination ranged from 25 to 30°C for T. destructans and 15 to 20°C for T. epicoccoides. The germination of these pathogens was favored under conditions of light and high levels of RH. Penetration by T. destructans and T. epicoccoides occurred via stomata, and the hyphae colonized the intercellular spaces of infected leaves. Symptoms were clearly visible 3 weeks after inoculation by both pathogens, and reproductive structures started to develop in substomatal cavities at 4 weeks after inoculation. The results of this study will facilitate the establishment of rapid screening trials based on artificial inoculations aimed at reducing the impact of disease caused by T. destructans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Solís
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Almuth Hammerbacher
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Sanushka Naidoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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Mphahlele MM, Isik F, Hodge GR, Myburg AA. Genomic Breeding for Diameter Growth and Tolerance to Leptocybe Gall Wasp and Botryosphaeria/ Teratosphaeria Fungal Disease Complex in Eucalyptus grandis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:638969. [PMID: 33719317 PMCID: PMC7952757 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.638969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptus grandis is one of the most important species for hardwood plantation forestry around the world. At present, its commercial deployment is in decline because of pests and pathogens such as Leptocybe invasa gall wasp (Lepto), and often co-occurring fungal stem diseases such as Botryosphaeria dothidea and Teratosphaeria zuluensis (BotryoTera). This study analyzed Lepto, BotryoTera, and stem diameter growth in an E. grandis multi-environmental, genetic trial. The study was established in three subtropical environments. Diameter growth and BotryoTera incidence scores were assessed on 3,334 trees, and Lepto incidence was assessed on 4,463 trees from 95 half-sib families. Using the Eucalyptus EUChip60K SNP chip, a subset of 964 trees from 93 half-sib families were genotyped with 14,347 informative SNP markers. We employed single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) to estimate genetic parameters in the genetic trial. Diameter and Lepto tolerance showed a positive genetic correlation (0.78), while BotryoTera tolerance had a negative genetic correlation with diameter growth (-0.38). The expected genetic gains for diameter growth and Lepto and BotryoTera tolerance were 12.4, 10, and -3.4%, respectively. We propose a genomic selection breeding strategy for E. grandis that addresses some of the present population structure problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makobatjatji M. Mphahlele
- Mondi Forests, Research and Development Department, Trahar Technology Centre – TTC, Hilton, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Fikret Isik
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Gary R. Hodge
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Camcore, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Alexander A. Myburg
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Alexander A. Myburg,
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Wingfield BD, Fourie A, Simpson MC, Bushula-Njah VS, Aylward J, Barnes I, Coetzee MPA, Dreyer LL, Duong TA, Geiser DM, Roets F, Steenkamp ET, van der Nest MA, van Heerden CJ, Wingfield MJ. IMA Genome-F 11: Draft genome sequences of Fusarium xylarioides, Teratosphaeria gauchensis and T. zuluensis and genome annotation for Ceratocystis fimbriata. IMA Fungus 2019; 10:13. [PMID: 32355613 PMCID: PMC7184890 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-019-0013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Draft genomes of the fungal species Fusarium xylarioides, Teratosphaeria gauchensis and T. zuluensis are presented. In addition an annotation of the genome of Ceratocystis fimbriata is presented. Overall these genomes provide a valuable resource for understanding the molecular processes underlying pathogenicity and potential management strategies of these economically important fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda D. Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
| | - Arista Fourie
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
| | - Melissa C. Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
| | - Vuyiswa S. Bushula-Njah
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
| | - Janneke Aylward
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
| | - Irene Barnes
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
| | - Martin P. A. Coetzee
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
| | - Léanne L. Dreyer
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 South Africa
| | - Tuan A. Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
| | - David M. Geiser
- Fusarium Research Center, Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, 121 Buckhout Lab, University Park, State College, PA 16802 USA
| | - Francois Roets
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 South Africa
| | - E. T. Steenkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
| | - Magriet A. van der Nest
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
- Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0002 South Africa
| | - Carel J. van Heerden
- Central Analytical Facilities, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 South Africa
| | - Michael J. Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 South Africa
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Aylward J, Roets F, Dreyer LL, Wingfield MJ. Teratosphaeria stem canker of Eucalyptus: two pathogens, one devastating disease. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:8-19. [PMID: 30311749 PMCID: PMC6430483 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teratosphaeria gauchensis and T. zuluensis are closely related fungi that cause Teratosphaeria (previously Coniothyrium) stem canker disease on Eucalyptus species propagated in plantations for commercial purposes. This disease is present in many countries in which Eucalyptus trees are planted, and continues to spread with the international trade of infected plant germplasm. TAXONOMY Fungi, Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Dothideomycetes, Dothideomycetidae, Capnodiales, Teratosphaeriaceae, Teratosphaeria. IDENTIFICATION The causal agents form dark masses of pycnidia that are visible on the surface of distinct stem cankers that typically form on young green stem tissues. Accurate diagnosis of the causal agents requires DNA sequence data. HOST RANGE Nine species of Eucalyptus are known to be affected. Of these, E. grandis and its hybrids, which include some of the most important planting stock globally, appear to be particularly vulnerable. DISEASE SYMPTOMS Small necrotic lesions develop on young green stem tissue. These lesions coalesce to form large cankers that exude gum. Epicormic shoots develop below the girdling canker and, in severe cases, trees die. USEFUL WEBSITES Mycobank, https://www.mycobank.org; Publications of the Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), https://www.fabinet.up.ac.za/index.php/journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke Aylward
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)University of PretoriaPretoria0002South Africa
- Department of Conservation Ecology and EntomologyStellenbosch University, Private Bag X1Matieland7602South Africa
| | - Francois Roets
- Department of Conservation Ecology and EntomologyStellenbosch University, Private Bag X1Matieland7602South Africa
| | - Leánne L. Dreyer
- Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch University, Private Bag X1Matieland7602South Africa
| | - Michael J. Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)University of PretoriaPretoria0002South Africa
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Burgess TI, Wingfield MJ. Pathogens on the Move: A 100-Year Global Experiment with Planted Eucalypts. Bioscience 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biw146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Jimu L, Chen S, Wingfield MJ, Mwenje E, Roux J. Three genetic groups of the Eucalyptus stem canker pathogen Teratosphaeria zuluensis introduced into Africa from an unknown source. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2016; 109:21-33. [PMID: 26499489 DOI: 10.1111/efp.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Eucalyptus stem canker pathogen Teratosphaeria zuluensis was discovered in South Africa in 1988 and it has subsequently been found in several other African countries as well as globally. In this study, the population structure, genetic diversity and evolutionary history of T. z uluensis were analysed using microsatellite markers to gain an enhanced understanding of its movement in Africa. Isolates were collected from several sites in Malawi, Mozambique, Uganda and Zambia. Data obtained were compared with those previously published for a South African population. The data obtained from 334 isolates, amplified across eight microsatellite loci, were used for assignment, differentiation and genetic diversity tests. STRUCTURE analyses, θ st and genetic distances revealed the existence of two clusters, one dominated by isolates from South Africa and the other by isolates from the Zambezi basin including Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia. High levels of admixture were found within and among populations, dominated by the Mulanje population in Malawi. Moderate to low genetic diversity of the populations supports the previously held view that the pathogen was introduced into Africa. The clonal nature of the Ugandan population suggests a very recent introduction, most likely from southern Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Jimu
- Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, Forest Science Postgraduate Programme, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
| | - ShuaiFei Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, FABI, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, FABI, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Eddie Mwenje
- Bindura University of Science Education (BUSE), P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe
| | - Jolanda Roux
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, FABI, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
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7
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Jimu L, Chen S, Wingfield MJ, Mwenje E, Roux J. Three genetic groups of the Eucalyptus stem canker pathogen Teratosphaeria zuluensis introduced into Africa from an unknown source. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 109:21-33. [PMID: 26499489 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0606-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Eucalyptus stem canker pathogen Teratosphaeria zuluensis was discovered in South Africa in 1988 and it has subsequently been found in several other African countries as well as globally. In this study, the population structure, genetic diversity and evolutionary history of T. z uluensis were analysed using microsatellite markers to gain an enhanced understanding of its movement in Africa. Isolates were collected from several sites in Malawi, Mozambique, Uganda and Zambia. Data obtained were compared with those previously published for a South African population. The data obtained from 334 isolates, amplified across eight microsatellite loci, were used for assignment, differentiation and genetic diversity tests. STRUCTURE analyses, θ st and genetic distances revealed the existence of two clusters, one dominated by isolates from South Africa and the other by isolates from the Zambezi basin including Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia. High levels of admixture were found within and among populations, dominated by the Mulanje population in Malawi. Moderate to low genetic diversity of the populations supports the previously held view that the pathogen was introduced into Africa. The clonal nature of the Ugandan population suggests a very recent introduction, most likely from southern Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Jimu
- Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, Forest Science Postgraduate Programme, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
| | - ShuaiFei Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, FABI, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, FABI, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Eddie Mwenje
- Bindura University of Science Education (BUSE), P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe
| | - Jolanda Roux
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, FABI, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
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Introducing the Consolidated Species Concept to resolve species in the Teratosphaeriaceae. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 2014; 33:1-40. [PMID: 25737591 PMCID: PMC4312929 DOI: 10.3767/003158514x681981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Teratosphaeriaceae represents a recently established family that includes numerous saprobic, extremophilic, human opportunistic, and plant pathogenic fungi. Partial DNA sequence data of the 28S rRNA and RPB2 genes strongly support a separation of the Mycosphaerellaceae from the Teratosphaeriaceae, and also provide support for the Extremaceae and Neodevriesiaceae, two novel families including many extremophilic fungi that occur on a diversity of substrates. In addition, a multi-locus DNA sequence dataset was generated (ITS, LSU, Btub, Act, RPB2, EF-1α and Cal) to distinguish taxa in Mycosphaerella and Teratosphaeria associated with leaf disease of Eucalyptus, leading to the introduction of 23 novel genera, five species and 48 new combinations. Species are distinguished based on a polyphasic approach, combining morphological, ecological and phylogenetic species concepts, named here as the Consolidated Species Concept (CSC). From the DNA sequence data generated, we show that each one of the five coding genes tested, reliably identify most of the species present in this dataset (except species of Pseudocercospora). The ITS gene serves as a primary barcode locus as it is easily generated and has the most extensive dataset available, while either Btub, EF-1α or RPB2 provide a useful secondary barcode locus.
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Kullan ARK, van Dyk MM, Hefer CA, Jones N, Kanzler A, Myburg AA. Genetic dissection of growth, wood basic density and gene expression in interspecific backcrosses of Eucalyptus grandis and E. urophylla. BMC Genet 2012; 13:60. [PMID: 22817272 PMCID: PMC3416674 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-13-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND F1 hybrid clones of Eucalyptus grandis and E. urophylla are widely grown for pulp and paper production in tropical and subtropical regions. Volume growth and wood quality are priority objectives in Eucalyptus tree improvement. The molecular basis of quantitative variation and trait expression in eucalypt hybrids, however, remains largely unknown. The recent availability of a draft genome sequence (http://www.phytozome.net) and genome-wide genotyping platforms, combined with high levels of genetic variation and high linkage disequilibrium in hybrid crosses, greatly facilitate the detection of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) as well as underlying candidate genes for growth and wood property traits. In this study, we used Diversity Arrays Technology markers to assess the genetic architecture of volume growth (diameter at breast height, DBH) and wood basic density in four-year-old progeny of an interspecific backcross pedigree of E. grandis and E. urophylla. In addition, we used Illumina RNA-Seq expression profiling in the E. urophylla backcross family to identify cis- and trans-acting polymorphisms (eQTLs) affecting transcript abundance of genes underlying QTLs for wood basic density. RESULTS A total of five QTLs for DBH and 12 for wood basic density were identified in the two backcross families. Individual QTLs for DBH and wood basic density explained 3.1 to 12.2% of phenotypic variation. Candidate genes underlying QTLs for wood basic density on linkage groups 8 and 9 were found to share trans-acting eQTLs located on linkage groups 4 and 10, which in turn coincided with QTLs for wood basic density suggesting that these QTLs represent segregating components of an underlying transcriptional network. CONCLUSION This is the first demonstration of the use of next-generation expression profiling to quantify transcript abundance in a segregating tree population and identify candidate genes potentially affecting wood property variation. The QTLs identified in this study provide a resource for identifying candidate genes and developing molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding of volume growth and wood basic density. Our results suggest that integrated analysis of transcript and trait variation in eucalypt hybrids can be used to dissect the molecular basis of quantitative variation in wood property traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Raj Kumar Kullan
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
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Hunter GC, Crous PW, Carnegie AJ, Burgess TI, Wingfield MJ. Mycosphaerella and Teratosphaeria diseases of Eucalyptus; easily confused and with serious consequences. FUNGAL DIVERS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-011-0131-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Cortinas MN, Crous PW, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ. Multi-gene phylogenies and phenotypic characters distinguish two species within the Colletogloeopsis zuluensis complex associated with Eucalyptus stem cankers. Stud Mycol 2011; 55:133-46. [PMID: 18490975 PMCID: PMC2104723 DOI: 10.3114/sim.55.1.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colletogloeopsis zuluensis, previously known as Coniothyrium
zuluense, causes a serious stem canker disease on Eucalyptus
spp. grown as non-natives in many tropical and sub-tropical countries. This
stem canker disease was first reported from South Africa and it has
subsequently been found on various species and hybrids of Eucalyptus
in other African countries as well as in countries of South America and
South-East Asia. In previous studies, phylogenetic analyses based on DNA
sequence data of the ITS region suggested that all material of C.
zuluensis was monophyletic. However, the occurrence of the fungus in a
greater number of countries, and analyses of DNA sequences with additional
isolates has challenged the notion that a single species is involved with
Coniothyrium canker. The aim of this study was to consider the phylogenetic
relationships amongst C. zuluensis isolates from all available
locations and to support these analyses with phenotypic and morphological
comparisons. Individual and combined phylogenies were constructed using DNA
sequences from the ITS region, exons 3 through 6 of the β-tubulin gene,
the intron of the translation elongation factor 1-α gene, and a partial
sequence of the mitochondrial ATPase 6 gene. Both phylogenetic data and
morphological characteristics showed clearly that isolates of C.
zuluensis represent at least two taxa. One of these is C.
zuluensis as it was originally described from South Africa, and we
provide an epitype for it. The second species occurs in Argentina and Uruguay,
and is newly described as C. gauchensis. Both fungi are serious
pathogens resulting in identical symptoms. Recognising them as different
species has important quarantine consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Noel Cortinas
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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Andjic V, Whyte G, Hardy G, Burgess T. New Teratosphaeria species occurring on eucalypts in Australia. FUNGAL DIVERS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-010-0033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Andjic V, Barber PA, Carnegie AJ, Hardy GSJ, Wingfield MJ, Burgess TI. Phylogenetic reassessment supports accommodation of Phaeophleospora and Colletogloeopsis from eucalypts in Kirramyces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 111:1184-98. [PMID: 17996433 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2007.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Revised: 06/27/2007] [Accepted: 05/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Species of Phaeophleospora are anamorphs of Mycosphaerella and they include some of the most serious foliar pathogens of Eucalyptus spp. grown in plantations worldwide. Pathogens assigned to this genus and occurring on Eucalyptus spp. were previously treated in Kirramyces and they are also phylogenetically closely related to other anamorphs of Mycosphaerella residing in the genus Colletogloeopsis. The primary aim of this study was to consider the appropriate taxonomic placement of these species. To achieve this goal, morphological characteristics and DNA sequence data from the ITS and translation EF1-alpha gene regions were used to compare the type species P. eugeniae, Phaeophleospora spp. and Colletogloeopsis spp. occurring on eucalypts, using ex-type cultures and herbarium specimens. Phylogenetic data and morphological comparisons supported the separation of P. eugeniae from Phaeophleospora species occurring on eucalypts. The name Phaeophleospora is retained for P. eugeniae and the name Kirramyces is resurrected for the species occurring on eucalypts (genera Eucalyptus, Corymbia, and Angophora). Sequence data from the type specimens of two previously described species of Kirramyces, K. lilianiae and K. delegatensis, show they reside in a clade with other Kirramyces spp. Morphological and DNA sequence comparisons also showed that there is considerable overlap between species of Phaeophleospora and Colletogloeopsis from eucalypts. Based on these findings, Colletogloeopsis is reduced to synonymy with the older Kirramyces and the description of Kirramyces is emended to include species with aseptate, as well as multiseptate, conidia produced in acervuli or pycnidia. Two new species of Kirramyces, K. angophorae and K. corymbiae, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Andjic
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia
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CORTINAS MN, BARNES I, WINGFIELD BD, WINGFIELD MJ. Polymorphic microsatellite markers for the Eucalyptus fungal pathogen Colletogloeopsis zuluensis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01342.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Phalip V, Hatsch D, Laugel B, Jeltsch JM. An overview of fungal community diversity in diseased hop plantations. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2006; 56:321-9. [PMID: 16629761 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Samples were taken from several hop fields presenting various symptoms. Fifty-nine pure filamentous fungal strains were isolated and identified through genomic DNA preparations, PCR amplification of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region and database interrogations. The most frequent genera were Alternaria (16 isolates) and Epicoccum (14 isolates). The ecosystem was shown to be very diverse, since as many as 27 species belonging to 17 genera were recovered. Furthermore, many of the isolated fungi are known to be involved in phytopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Phalip
- Laboratoire de Phytopathologie, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Université Louis Pasteur, Illkirch-Graffenstaden Cedex, France.
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Cortinas MN, Burgess T, Dell B, Xu D, Crous PW, Wingfield BD, Wingfield MJ. First record of Colletogloeopsis zuluense comb. nov., causing a stem canker of Eucalyptus in China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 110:229-36. [PMID: 16378717 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2005.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2005] [Accepted: 08/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Coniothyrium zuluense causes a serious canker disease of Eucalyptus in various parts of the world. Very little is known regarding the taxonomy of this asexual fungus, which was provided with a name based solely on morphological characteristics. In this study we consider the phylogenetic position of C. zuluense using DNA-based techniques. Distance analysis using 18S and ITS regions revealed extensive sequence divergence relative to the type species of Coniothyrium, C. palmarum and species of Paraconiothyrium. Coniothyrium zuluense was shown to be an anamorph species of Mycosphaerella, a genus that includes a wide range of Eucalyptus leaf and stem pathogens. Within Mycosphaerella it clustered with taxa having pigmented, verruculose, aseptate conidia that proliferate percurrently and sympodially from pigmented conidiogenous cells arranged in conidiomata that vary from being pycnidial to acervular. The genus Colletogloeopsis is emended to include species with pycnidial conidiomata, and the new combination Colletogloeopsis zuluense is proposed. This is also the first report of the pathogen from China where it is associated with stem cankers on Eucalyptus urophylla.
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MESH Headings
- Ascomycota/classification
- Ascomycota/genetics
- Ascomycota/growth & development
- Base Sequence
- China
- DNA, Fungal/chemistry
- DNA, Fungal/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics
- Eucalyptus
- Phylogeny
- Plant Diseases/microbiology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S/genetics
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Noel Cortinas
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
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van Zyl LM, Coutinho TA, Wingfield MJ. Morphological, cultural and pathogenic characteristics of Coniothyrium zuluense isolates from different plantation regions in South Africa. Mycopathologia 2003; 155:149-53. [PMID: 12617501 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020471227055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Coniothyrium canker caused by Coniothyrium zuluense, is a serious stem canker disease of Eucalyptus species in sub-tropical regions of South Africa. This disease is typified by necrotic bark lesions that coalesce to form large kino-impregnated cankers along the stems of trees. The strategy currently used to manage Coniothyrium canker in plantations is to deploy Eucalyptus species or clones that are resistant to the disease. Considerable success has already been achieved in this regard, but the long-term durability of resistance is of concern. Thus, forest managers are interested in the genetic diversity of the pathogen and its potential to overcome disease resistance in planting stock. In this study, 344 isolates of C. zuluense from different plantation regions in South Africa were compared on the basis of colony colour, conidial morphology, growth characteristics on agar and pathogenicity to a susceptible E. grandis clone. Conidia of all C. zuluense isolates measured were similar in size and shape. The fungus is slow growing in culture, which is indicative of its apparent biotrophic habit, with optimum growth observed at 30 degrees C. Isolates of C. zuluense displayed considerable variation in colony colour and pathogenicity in inoculation trials. Variation in morphology and pathogenicity amongst isolates suggests that C. zuluense has been present in South Africa for an extended period of time, or that it is changing rapidly due to strong directional selection pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Len M van Zyl
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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Yang BY, Ding Q, Montgomery R. Extracellular polysaccharides of Erwinia futululu, a bacterium associated with a fungal canker disease of Eucalyptus spp. Carbohydr Res 2002; 337:2469-80. [PMID: 12493232 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(02)00349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) produced by an Erwinia spp. associated with a fungal canker disease of Eucalyptus were fractionated into two polysaccharides, one that was identified with that produced by Erwinia stewartii. The other has a similar structure, but with one terminal Glc residue replaced by pyruvic acid to give 4,6-O-[(R)-1-carboxyethylidene)-Galp. Their structures were determined using a combination of chemical and physical techniques including methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, low-pressure gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatographies, high-pH anion-exchange chromatography, mass spectrometry and 1D and 2D 1H NMR spectroscopy. The new polysaccharides, identified as EPS Futululu FF-1 and FF-2, have the following structures:The molecular weights of the polysaccharides range from 1.3-2.1x10(6) and their hydrodynamic properties are those of polydisperse, polyanionic biopolymers with pseudoplastic, non-thixotropic flow characteristics in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Yun Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA
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Yang BY, Ding Q, Montgomery R. Extracellular polysaccharides of a bacterium associated with a fungal canker disease of Eucalyptus sp. Carbohydr Res 2002; 337:731-42. [PMID: 11950469 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(02)00042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) produced by an Erwinia sp associated with a fungal canker disease of Eucalyptus were fractionated into one polysaccharide that was identified with that produced by Erwinia chrysanthemi strains SR260, Ech1, and Ech9, and the other distinctively different from any other EPS produced by E. chrysanthemi strains so far studied. Their structures were determined using a combination of chemical and physical techniques including methylation analysis, low pressure gel-filtration, and anion-exchange chromatographies, high-pH anion-exchange chromatography, mass spectrometry and 1D and 2D 1H NMR spectroscopy. The new polysaccharide, identified as EPS Teranera, has the following structure: [structure: see text] The molecular weights of the polysaccharides range from 3.2-6.2 x 10(5) and their hydrodynamic properties are those of polydisperse, polyanionic biopolymers with pseudoplastic, non-thixotropic flow characteristics in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Yun Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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21
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Morphological and molecular relatedness of geographically diverse isolates of Coniothyrium zuluense from South Africa and Thailand. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1017/s0953756201005093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Coutinho TA, Preisig O, Mergaert J, Cnockaert MC, Riedel KH, Swings J, Wingfield MJ. Bacterial Blight and Dieback of Eucalyptus Species, Hybrids, and Clones in South Africa. PLANT DISEASE 2002; 86:20-25. [PMID: 30822993 DOI: 10.1094/pdis.2002.86.1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
During 1998, a new disease appeared on trees representing a Eucalyptus grandis × E. nitens (GN) hybrid in a nursery in KwaZulu/Natal. The disease has subsequently spread to other Eucalyptus species, hybrids, and clones in nurseries and plantations throughout South Africa. Typical symptoms of the disease include dieback of young shoots and leaf blight. This ultimately leads to stunting of trees. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the causal agent of the disease. A bacterium was consistently isolated from infected tissue. Pathogenicity tests were undertaken with a range of bacterial strains. Four pathogenic strains were selected from different geographical regions and Eucalyptus hosts for further study. The bacterium causing Eucalyptus leaf and shoot blight is gram negative and rod-shaped, varying in size from 0.5 to 0.75 μm wide and 1.0 to 2.0 μm long. Colonies of this bacterium have a yellow pigment. The results from the Biolog tests identified the bacterium as Pantoea agglomerans with a similarity index of 0.315. The 16S rDNA sequences of the purported Pantoea sp. were compared with those of other related Enterobacteriaceae from GenBank/EMBL. Phylogenetic analysis using PAUP revealed that the isolates group together with P. agglomerans, P. ananatis, and P. stewartii subsp. stewartii. The fatty acid profiles and phenotypic characteristics of the new pathogen are similar to P. ananatis, and % G + C is within the range of this species. DNA:DNA hybridization between the four strains and the type strain of P. ananatis conclusively showed that the bacterium causing blight and dieback of Eucalyptus in South Africa belongs to this species. This is the first report in which P. ananatis has been found as a causal agent of a disease on Eucalyptus.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Coutinho
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - O Preisig
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - J Mergaert
- Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, Universiteit Gent, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - M C Cnockaert
- Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, Universiteit Gent, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - K-H Riedel
- School for Environmental Sciences and Development: Microbiology, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - J Swings
- Laboratorium voor Microbiologie and BCCM/LMG Culture Collection, Universiteit Gent, K. L. Ledegranckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - M J Wingfield
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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Wingfield MJ, Roux J, Coutinho T, Govender P, Wingfield BD. Plantation disease and pest management in the next century. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/20702620.2001.10434117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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WINGFIELD MICHAELJ, SLIPPERS BERNARD, ROUX JOLANDA, WINGFIELD BRENDAD. Worldwide Movement of Exotic Forest Fungi, Especially in the Tropics and the Southern Hemisphere. Bioscience 2001. [DOI: 10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0134:wmoeff]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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