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Levy S, Mass T. The Skeleton and Biomineralization Mechanism as Part of the Innate Immune System of Stony Corals. Front Immunol 2022; 13:850338. [PMID: 35281045 PMCID: PMC8913943 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.850338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stony corals are among the most important calcifiers in the marine ecosystem as they form the coral reefs. Coral reefs have huge ecological importance as they constitute the most diverse marine ecosystem, providing a home to roughly a quarter of all marine species. In recent years, many studies have shed light on the mechanisms underlying the biomineralization processes in corals, as characterizing the calicoblast cell layer and genes involved in the formation of the calcium carbonate skeleton. In addition, considerable advancements have been made in the research field of coral immunity as characterizing genes involved in the immune response to pathogens and stressors, and the revealing of specialized immune cells, including their gene expression profile and phagocytosis capabilities. Yet, these two fields of corals research have never been integrated. Here, we discuss how the coral skeleton plays a role as the first line of defense. We integrate the knowledge from both fields and highlight genes and proteins that are related to biomineralization and might be involved in the innate immune response and help the coral deal with pathogens that penetrate its skeleton. In many organisms, the immune system has been tied to calcification. In humans, immune factors enhance ectopic calcification which causes severe diseases. Further investigation of coral immune genes which are involved in skeleton defense as well as in biomineralization might shed light on our understanding of the correlation and the interaction of both processes as well as reveal novel comprehension of how immune factors enhance calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Levy
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Morris Kahn Marine Research Station, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Sdot Yam, Israel
- *Correspondence: Shani Levy, ; Tali Mass,
| | - Tali Mass
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Morris Kahn Marine Research Station, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Sdot Yam, Israel
- *Correspondence: Shani Levy, ; Tali Mass,
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Legros J, Jan S, Bonnassie S, Gautier M, Croguennec T, Pezennec S, Cochet MF, Nau F, Andrews SC, Baron F. The Role of Ovotransferrin in Egg-White Antimicrobial Activity: A Review. Foods 2021; 10:823. [PMID: 33920211 PMCID: PMC8070150 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eggs are a whole food which affordably support human nutritional requirements worldwide. Eggs strongly resist bacterial infection due to an arsenal of defensive systems, many of which reside in the egg white. However, despite improved control of egg production and distribution, eggs remain a vehicle for foodborne transmission of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, which continues to represent a major public health challenge. It is generally accepted that iron deficiency, mediated by the iron-chelating properties of the egg-white protein ovotransferrin, has a key role in inhibiting infection of eggs by Salmonella. Ovotransferrin has an additional antibacterial activity beyond iron-chelation, which appears to depend on direct interaction with the bacterial cell surface, resulting in membrane perturbation. Current understanding of the antibacterial role of ovotransferrin is limited by a failure to fully consider its activity within the natural context of the egg white, where a series relevant environmental factors (such as alkalinity, high viscosity, ionic composition, and egg white protein interactions) may exert significant influence on ovotransferrin activity. This review provides an overview of what is known and what remains to be determined regarding the antimicrobial activity of ovotransferrin in egg white, and thus enhances understanding of egg safety through improved insight of this key antimicrobial component of eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Legros
- STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35042 Rennes, France; (J.L.); (S.J.); (M.G.); (T.C.); (S.P.); (M.-F.C.); (F.N.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Health and Life Sciences Building, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AX, UK;
| | - Sophie Jan
- STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35042 Rennes, France; (J.L.); (S.J.); (M.G.); (T.C.); (S.P.); (M.-F.C.); (F.N.)
| | - Sylvie Bonnassie
- UFR Sciences de la vie et de L’environnement, Université de Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Michel Gautier
- STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35042 Rennes, France; (J.L.); (S.J.); (M.G.); (T.C.); (S.P.); (M.-F.C.); (F.N.)
| | - Thomas Croguennec
- STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35042 Rennes, France; (J.L.); (S.J.); (M.G.); (T.C.); (S.P.); (M.-F.C.); (F.N.)
| | - Stéphane Pezennec
- STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35042 Rennes, France; (J.L.); (S.J.); (M.G.); (T.C.); (S.P.); (M.-F.C.); (F.N.)
| | - Marie-Françoise Cochet
- STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35042 Rennes, France; (J.L.); (S.J.); (M.G.); (T.C.); (S.P.); (M.-F.C.); (F.N.)
| | - Françoise Nau
- STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35042 Rennes, France; (J.L.); (S.J.); (M.G.); (T.C.); (S.P.); (M.-F.C.); (F.N.)
| | - Simon C. Andrews
- School of Biological Sciences, Health and Life Sciences Building, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AX, UK;
| | - Florence Baron
- STLO, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35042 Rennes, France; (J.L.); (S.J.); (M.G.); (T.C.); (S.P.); (M.-F.C.); (F.N.)
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Rathnapala ECN, Ahn DU, Abeyrathne S. Functional properties of ovotransferrin from chicken egg white and its derived peptides: a review. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:619-630. [PMID: 33814941 PMCID: PMC8006106 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00901-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
With emerging trends in the food and pharmaceutical industries, potential applications of egg-derived bioactive compounds were recognized. Ovotransferrin is a major egg white functional protein responsible for multiple bioactivities. The objectives of this review are to provide scientific evidence of the functional properties of chicken ovotransferrin and its derived peptides and to identify future research approaches and applications. Various easy, economical, and non-toxic methods have been reported to produce ovotransferrin with high yield and purity, and chemical and enzymatic approaches have been employed to release bioactive peptides. The native ovotransferrin is known to have antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, and immunomodulatory activities. The peptides produced from ovotransferrin also are reported to have antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, and anticancer properties. However, little or no application of these compounds in the food and pharmaceutical areas is available yet. Therefore, the practical application of OTF in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical areas are among the emerging areas of research.
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Mann JK, Ndung'u T. The potential of lactoferrin, ovotransferrin and lysozyme as antiviral and immune-modulating agents in COVID-19. Future Virol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7543043 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading rapidly with no established effective treatments. While most cases are mild, others experience uncontrolled inflammatory responses with oxidative stress, dysregulation of iron and coagulation as features. Lactoferrin, ovotransferrin and lysozyme are abundant, safe antimicrobials that have wide antiviral as well as immunomodulatory properties. In particular, lactoferrin restores iron homeostasis and inhibits replication of SARS-CoV, which is closely related to SARS-CoV-2. Ovotransferrin has antiviral peptides and activities that are shared with lactoferrin. Both lactoferrin and lysozyme are ‘immune sensing’ as they may stimulate immune responses or resolve inflammation. Mechanisms by which these antimicrobials may treat or prevent COVID-19, as well as sources and forms of these, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Kelly Mann
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Thumbi Ndung'u
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, 4001, South Africa
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT & Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Chariteplatz, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
- Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Nolasco E, Guha S, Majumder K. Bioactive Egg Proteins. EGGS AS FUNCTIONAL FOODS AND NUTRACEUTICALS FOR HUMAN HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788013833-00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The nutritional excellence of chicken egg is derived from its task as a life-giving medium, supplying the necessary nutrients to the hen's embryo while protecting it from external threats. Additionally, egg proteins possess unique biological activities above and beyond their known functional and nutritional roles. In the last few decades, extensive research has been done to evaluate the various biological activities of egg proteins and protein-derived peptides. Egg proteins and protein-derived peptides have been attributed to diverse biological activities, the most well-known being their antimicrobial properties. However, egg proteins and peptides have been shown to have other biological activities, such as antihypertensive, antioxidant, anticancer, immunomodulatory, and protease inhibitory activity. Egg-derived bioactive proteins have had a relevant scientific impact and exhibit promising applicability as an ingredient for the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals. However, it is critical to understand the effects of these proteins in signaling pathways to delineate their molecular mechanisms of action. Further studies are required to fill the current knowledge gaps. Therefore, the purpose of the chapter is to illustrate the present knowledge of the bioactivity of different egg proteins and their physiological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Nolasco
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Food Science and Technology 1901 N 21 St Lincoln NE 68588-6205 USA
| | - Snigdha Guha
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Food Science and Technology 1901 N 21 St Lincoln NE 68588-6205 USA
| | - Kaustav Majumder
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Food Science and Technology 1901 N 21 St Lincoln NE 68588-6205 USA
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The anti-bacterial iron-restriction defence mechanisms of egg white; the potential role of three lipocalin-like proteins in resistance against Salmonella. Biometals 2019; 32:453-467. [PMID: 30810876 PMCID: PMC6584246 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-019-00180-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) is the most frequently-detected Salmonella in foodborne outbreaks in the European Union. Among such outbreaks, egg and egg products were identified as the most common vehicles of infection. Possibly, the major antibacterial property of egg white is iron restriction, which results from the presence of the iron-binding protein, ovotransferrin. To circumvent iron restriction, SE synthesise catecholate siderophores (i.e. enterobactin and salmochelin) that can chelate iron from host iron-binding proteins. Here, we highlight the role of lipocalin-like proteins found in egg white that could enhance egg-white iron restriction through sequestration of certain siderophores, including enterobactin. Indeed, it is now apparent that the egg-white lipocalin, Ex-FABP, can inhibit bacterial growth via its siderophore-binding capacity in vitro. However, it remains unclear whether Ex-FABP performs such a function in egg white or during bird infection. Regarding the two other lipocalins of egg white (Cal-γ and α-1-glycoprotein), there is currently no evidence to indicate that they sequester siderophores.
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Lee JH, Ahn DU, Paik HD. In Vitro Immune-Enhancing Activity of Ovotransferrin from Egg White via MAPK Signaling Pathways in RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2018; 38:1226-1236. [PMID: 30675115 PMCID: PMC6335134 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2018.e56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovotransferrin (OTF) is a well-known protein of the transferrin family with strong iron chelating activity, resulting in its antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, OTF is known to have antioxidant, anticancer, and antihypertensive activities. However, there have been few studies about the immune-enhancing activity of OTF. In current study, we investigated the immune-enhancing activity of OTF using the murine macrophage cells in vitro. The effect of OTF on production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines were determined using Griess assay and quantitative real-time PCR. Using Neutral Red uptake assay, we confirmed the effect of OTF on phagocytic activity of macrophages. Ovotransferrin significantly increased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and secretion of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA with no cytotoxic activity. Ovotransferrin (2 mg/mL) stimulated NO production up to 31.9±3.5 μM. Ovotransferrin significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines which are tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6: OTF (2 mg/mL) treatment increased the secretion of mRNA for TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 by 22.20-, 37.91-, and 6.17-fold of the negative control, respectively. The phagocytic activity of macrophages was also increased by OTF treatment significantly compared with negative control. Also, OTF treatment increased phosphorylation level of MAPK signaling pathways. These results indicated that OTF has immune-enhancing activity by activating RAW 264.7 macrophages via MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Dong Uk Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Overexpressing ovotransferrin and avian β-defensin-3 improves antimicrobial capacity of chickens and poultry products. Transgenic Res 2018; 28:51-76. [PMID: 30374651 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-018-0101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Zoonotic and foodborne diseases pose a significant burden, decreasing both human and animal health. Modifying chickens to overexpress antimicrobials has the potential to decrease bacterial growth on poultry products and boost chicken innate immunity. Chickens overexpressing either ovotransferrin or avian β-defensin-3 (AvβD3) were generated using Tol-2 transposons. Transgene expression at the RNA and protein level was seen in egg white, breast muscle, and serum. There were significant differences in the immune cell populations in the blood, bursa, and spleen associated with transgene expression including an increased proportion of CD8+ cells in the blood of ovotransferrin and AvβD3 transgenic birds. Expression of the antimicrobials inhibited the in vitro growth of human and chicken bacterial pathogens and spoilage bacteria. For example, transgene expression significantly reduced growth of aerobic and coliform bacteria in breast muscle and decreased the growth of Salmonella enterica in egg white. Overall these results indicate that overexpression of antimicrobials in the chicken can impact the immune system and increase the antimicrobial capacity of poultry products.
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Moon SH, Lee JH, Kim JH, Paik HD, Ahn DU. In vitro cytotoxic and ACE-inhibitory activities of promod 278P hydrolysate of ovotransferrin from chicken egg white. Poult Sci 2018; 96:1982-1987. [PMID: 28339746 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides released from egg proteins via enzymatic hydrolysis show various bioactivities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antihypertensive, and immunomodulatory properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activities of ovotransferrin and its promod 278P enzyme hydrolysate. Ovotransferrin from egg white was hydrolyzed using promod 278P at 45°C for 3 hours. Using the MTT assay, the cytotoxicity of ovotransferrin and promod 278P hydrolysate of ovotransferrin were evaluated in human cancer cell lines of various tissue origins. The ACE-inhibitory activity was determined using the cleavage of a chromogenic substrate -Hip-His-Leu. The promod 278P hydrolysate of ovotransferrin showed a potent cytotoxicity (>90%) at 20 mg/mL in all cancer cell lines tested, but ovotransferrin did not. The IC50 value of the promod 278P hydrolysate of ovotransferrin against 5 different cancer cells were 10.05 ± 1.55, 3.45 ± 0.94, 4.43 ± 1.87, 4.92 ± 0.63, and 10.43 ± 3.91 mg/mL for MCF-7, HeLa, HepG2, HT-29, and LoVo cells, respectively. The promod 278P hydrolysate of ovotransferrin showed a strong ACE-inhibiting activity: at 10 mg/mL level, the hydrolysate showed 76.82 ± 1.28% inhibition to ACE-inhibitory activity, and 73.33 ± 2.56%, 56.85 ± 1.84%, 50.32 ± 3.71%, 17.30 ± 0.13%, and 4.52 ± 6.83% inhibitory activity at 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, and 0.3125 mg/mL level, respectively. The IC50 value of the promod 278P hydrolysate of ovotransferrin was 1.53 ± 0.20 mg/mL. However, ovotransferrin did not show any inhibitory effect to angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. This result indicated that the promod 278P hydrolysate of ovotransferrin has a great potential as an anticancer and antihypertension agent for humans, but the information on the peptides responsible for the functional activities is not available yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Moon
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - H-D Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - D U Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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In vitro and in vivo anticandidal activities of alginate-enclosed chitosan-calcium phosphate-loaded Fe-bovine lactoferrin nanocapsules. Future Sci OA 2017; 4:FSO257. [PMID: 29379633 PMCID: PMC5778379 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2017-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To study the in vitro and in vivo anticandidal activity of nanocapsulated bovine lactoferrin. Materials & methods: In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities were conducted to study the anticandidal activities of nanocapsules (NCs). Results: The NCs showed good anticandidal activities. The disruption of cell wall and cell membrane was noted via microscopy studies. The NCs changed the normal growth profile of Candida albicans. NCs reduced the colony forming unit in kidney and blood samples. Histopathological examination showed better cell structure and coordination compared with untreated mice kidney. NCs also enhanced the natural killing properties of C. albicans by epithelial cells. Conclusion: NCs have effective anticandidal properties and have the potential as a therapeutic agent against candidiasis. Previous study revealed that lactoferrin had potent anticandidal action against C. albicans. However, encapsulated lactoferrin has never been tested for anticandidal activity in detail. In the present study, we evaluate nanocapsulated lactoferrin for anticandidal effects. To observe the anticandidal properties of encapsulated lactoferrin, various studies were conducted. Our findings showed that encapsulated lactoferrin demonstrates remarkable efficacy against C. albicans.
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Lee JH, Moon SH, Kim HS, Park E, Ahn DU, Paik HD. Antioxidant and anticancer effects of functional peptides from ovotransferrin hydrolysates. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:4857-4864. [PMID: 28382654 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Egg white is a good source for making functional peptides that can be used in the food industry. Ovotransferrin (OTF) is one of the major egg white proteins, with many functional properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiviral activities. However, enzymatic hydrolysis of ovotransferrin is known to further improve the functional activities of OTF. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and anticancer activities of functional peptides produced by two-step enzyme hydrolysis of OTF. RESULTS OTF hydrolysates were prepared using promod 278P, thermolysin and a combination of the two enzymes. OTF and OTF hydrolysates showed strong antioxidant activities when analyzed using the DPPH assay. However, only OTF hydrolysates showed a strong free radical scavenging activity when NO- or ABTS-scavenging activity was measured. OTF hydrolysates showed stronger cytotoxic activities than the natural OTF against human cancer cell lines. Furthermore, OTF hydrolysates prepared with promod 278P + thermolysin combination showed the strongest cytotoxic activity, and their IC50 values were 0.79, 0.78, 0.92 and 0.78 mg mL-1 against AGS, LoVo, HT-29 and HeLa, respectively. CONCLUSION These results indicated that the two-step enzyme hydrolysates of OTF have great potential for use as a food ingredient with antioxidant and anticancer activities. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Hee Moon
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Hyun Suk Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunju Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University, Changwon, Korea
| | - Dong Uk Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Merlino F, Carotenuto A, Casciaro B, Martora F, Loffredo MR, Di Grazia A, Yousif AM, Brancaccio D, Palomba L, Novellino E, Galdiero M, Iovene MR, Mangoni ML, Grieco P. Glycine-replaced derivatives of [Pro 3 ,DLeu 9 ]TL, a temporin L analogue: Evaluation of antimicrobial, cytotoxic and hemolytic activities. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:750-761. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Effects of Aib residues insertion on the structural–functional properties of the frog skin-derived peptide esculentin-1a(1–21)NH2. Amino Acids 2016; 49:139-150. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2341-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Walczak J, Bocian S, Trziszka T, Buszewski B. Hyphenated Analytical Methods in Determination of Biologically Active Compounds in Hen's Eggs. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2016; 46:201-12. [PMID: 26186292 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2015.1023428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hen's egg is a complete material needed for the development of the embryo; it is an important source of nutraceutical compounds, such as protein, fats, vitamins, trace metals, and minerals. Moreover, avian egg contains biologically active compounds that exhibit antibacterial and antimicrobial activities as well as antitumor, antiviral, antioxidant, immunomodulating, and therapeutic properties. Eggs are mostly very good sources of valuable, easily digestible proteins. This review focuses on the biologically active compounds from hen's egg and applications of these compounds in medicine and the pharmaceutical industry. Additionally, it gives an overview of the hyphenated separation techniques, including sample preparation, analysis, and identification, used in the proteomics and lipidomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Walczak
- a Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
| | - Szymon Bocian
- a Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
| | - Tadeusz Trziszka
- b Department of Animal Products Technology and Quality Management , Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- a Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
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Chatelain M, Gasparini J, Haussy C, Frantz A. Trace Metals Affect Early Maternal Transfer of Immune Components in the Feral Pigeon. Physiol Biochem Zool 2016; 89:206-12. [DOI: 10.1086/685511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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A “Turn-on-off-on” fluorescence switch based on quantum dots and gold nanoparticles for discriminative detection of ovotransferrin. Talanta 2016; 150:407-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Brand J, Dachmann E, Pichler M, Lotz S, Kulozik U. A novel approach for lysozyme and ovotransferrin fractionation from egg white by radial flow membrane adsorption chromatography: Impact of product and process variables. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Giansanti F, Leboffe L, Angelucci F, Antonini G. The Nutraceutical Properties of Ovotransferrin and Its Potential Utilization as a Functional Food. Nutrients 2015; 7:9105-15. [PMID: 26556366 PMCID: PMC4663581 DOI: 10.3390/nu7115453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovotransferrin or conalbumin belong to the transferrin protein family and is endowed with both iron-transfer and protective activities. In addition to its well-known antibacterial properties, ovotransferrin displays other protective roles similar to those already ascertained for the homologous mammalian lactoferrin. These additional functions, in many cases not directly related to iron binding, are also displayed by the peptides derived from partial hydrolysis of ovotransferrin, suggesting a direct relationship between egg consumption and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Giansanti
- Department of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila I-67100, Italy.
- Interuniversity Consortium INBB Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute, Rome I-00136, Italy.
| | - Loris Leboffe
- Interuniversity Consortium INBB Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute, Rome I-00136, Italy.
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Rome I-00146, Italy.
| | - Francesco Angelucci
- Department of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila I-67100, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Antonini
- Interuniversity Consortium INBB Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute, Rome I-00136, Italy.
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Rome I-00146, Italy.
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Jiang K, Wang C, Sun Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Huang L, Wang Z. Comparison of chicken and pheasant ovotransferrin N-glycoforms via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:7245-7254. [PMID: 24998151 DOI: 10.1021/jf501352j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Species-specific ovotransferrin features a highly conservative protein sequence, but it varies in the structure of the attached oligosaccharides, which may contribute to the differences observed in its bioactivity and nutritional value. Herein, chicken ovotransferrin (COT) and pheasant ovotransferrin (POT) isolated by repeated ethanol precipitation of egg white were digested with peptide N-glycosidase F to release N-glycans. The obtained N-glyans were isotopically labeled with aniline and analyzed via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and online hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS). Relative quantitation based on isotopic aniline labeling and HILIC-MS/MS analysis revealed in detail the conspicuous difference between COT and POT in the abundance of their N-glycan compositions and isomers. In total, 16 COT N-glycans were observed, including 1 core structure (3.18%), 3 hybrid type (5.42%), and 12 complex type (91.40%), whereas 21 POT N-glycans were found, including 1 truncated structure (1.88%), 1 core structure (6.26%), 3 high mannose type (5.20%), 6 hybrid type (19.14%), and 10 complex type (67.52%). To our knowledge, this study is the first qualitative and quantitative comparison of COT and POT N-glycosylation patterns. These results suggest that POT has a different glycosylation pattern compared to that of COT and thus the effect of its glycosylation pattern on its bioactivity is worthy of further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University , Xi'an 710069, PR China
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Luca V, Olivi M, Di Grazia A, Palleschi C, Uccelletti D, Mangoni ML. Anti-Candida activity of 1-18 fragment of the frog skin peptide esculentin-1b: in vitro and in vivo studies in a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:2535-46. [PMID: 24221134 PMCID: PMC11113354 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1500-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans represents one of the most prevalent species causing life-threatening fungal infections. Current treatments to defeat Candida albicans have become quite difficult, due to their toxic side effects and the emergence of resistant strains. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are fascinating molecules with a potential role as novel anti-infective agents. However, only a few studies have been performed on their efficacy towards the most virulent hyphal phenotype of this pathogen. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the anti-Candida activity of the N-terminal 1-18 fragment of the frog skin AMP esculentin-1b, Esc(1-18), under both in vitro and in vivo conditions using Caenorhabditis elegans as a simple host model for microbial infections. Our results demonstrate that Esc(1-18) caused a rapid reduction in the number of viable yeast cells and killing of the hyphal population. Esc(1-18) revealed a membrane perturbing effect which is likely the basis of its mode of action. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing the ability of a frog skin AMP-derived peptide (1) to kill both growing stages of Candida; (2) to promote survival of Candida-infected living organisms and (3) to inhibit transition of these fungal cells from the roundish yeast shape to the more dangerous hyphal form at sub-inhibitory concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Luca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Olivi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Grazia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Palleschi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Uccelletti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Di Giampaolo A, Luzi C, Casciaro B, Bozzi A, Luisa Mangoni M, Aschi M. P-113 Peptide: New experimental evidences on its biological activity and conformational insights from molecular dynamics simulations. Biopolymers 2014; 102:159-67. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Di Giampaolo
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences; University of L'Aquila; Via Vetoio snc 67100 L'Aquila Italy
| | - Carla Luzi
- Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences; University of L'Aquila; Via Vetoio snc 67100 L'Aquila Italy
| | - Bruno Casciaro
- Istituto Pasteur-Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences; Sapienza University of Rome; P.le A. Moro 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Argante Bozzi
- Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences; University of L'Aquila; Via Vetoio snc 67100 L'Aquila Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Istituto Pasteur-Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences; Sapienza University of Rome; P.le A. Moro 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Massimiliano Aschi
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences; University of L'Aquila; Via Vetoio snc 67100 L'Aquila Italy
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Zheng A, Chang W, Hou S, Zhang S, Cai H, Chen G, Lou R, Liu G. Unraveling molecular mechanistic differences in liver metabolism between lean and fat lines of Pekin duck (Anas platyrhynchos domestica): a proteomic study. J Proteomics 2014; 98:271-88. [PMID: 24412807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Duck is one of the major poultry meat sources for human consumption. To satisfy different eating habits, lean and fat strains of Pekin ducks have been developed. The objective of this study was to determine the molecular mechanistic differences in liver metabolism between two duck strains. The liver proteome of the Pekin duck lines was compared on days 1, 14, 28, and 42 posthatching using 2-DE based proteomics. There was a different abundance of 76 proteins in the livers of the two duck lines. Fat ducks strongly expressed proteins related to pathways of glycolysis, ATP synthesis, and protein catabolism, suggesting enhanced fat deposition rather than protein retention. In contrast, highly expressed proteins in lean ducks improved protein anabolism and reduced protein catabolism, resulting in an enhancement of lean meat deposition. Along with the decrease in fat deposition, the immune system of the lean duck strain may be enhanced by enhanced expression of proteins involved in stress response, immune defense, and antioxidant functions. These results indicate that selection pressure has shaped the two duck lines differently resulting in different liver metabolic capacities. These observed variations between the two strains at the molecular level are matched with physiological changes in growth performance and meat production. This information may have beneficial impacts in areas such as genetic modification through the manipulation of target proteins or genes in specific pathways to improve the efficiency of duck meat production. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The objective of this study was to unravel molecular mechanistic differences in liver metabolism between lean and fat Pekin duck (Anas platyrhynchos domestica) strains. There was a different abundance of 76 proteins in the livers of the two duck lines. Enhanced protein expression in the fat ducks related to pathways of glycolysis, ATP synthesis and protein catabolism suggesting increased fat deposition rather than protein retention. In contrast, highly expressed proteins in the lean ducks facilitated protein deposition by increasing protein anabolism and reducing protein catabolism to enhance the lean meat percentage. Along with the decrease of fat deposition, the immunity of lean duck appeared to be enhanced by increased expression of proteins involved in stress response, defense and antioxidant function. This study provides potential target proteins or genes for further functional analysis and genetic manipulation to increase the efficiency of duck meat production and help satisfy the global demand for poultry meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijuan Zheng
- Feed Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenhuan Chang
- Feed Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuisheng Hou
- Institute of Animal Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shu Zhang
- Feed Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huiyi Cai
- Feed Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guilan Chen
- Feed Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruiying Lou
- Feed Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guohua Liu
- Feed Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Tong P, Gao J, Chen H, Li X, Zhang Y, Jian S. Preparation and Immunological Reactions of a Purified Egg Allergen Ovotransferrin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2011.631249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Tong
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
- b Sino-German Joint Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| | - Jinyan Gao
- c Department of Food Science , Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
- b Sino-German Joint Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| | - Xin Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
- c Department of Food Science , Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| | - Yin Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
- b Sino-German Joint Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| | - Shan Jian
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
- b Sino-German Joint Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
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Moon S, Lee J, Lee Y, Chang K, Paik J, Ahn D, Paik H. Screening for cytotoxic activity of ovotransferrin and its enzyme hydrolysates. Poult Sci 2013; 92:424-34. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Grieco P, Carotenuto A, Auriemma L, Saviello MR, Campiglia P, Gomez-Monterrey IM, Marcellini L, Luca V, Barra D, Novellino E, Mangoni ML. The effect of d-amino acid substitution on the selectivity of temporin L towards target cells: Identification of a potent anti-Candida peptide. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:652-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Moon SH, Lee JH, Lee YJ, Paik JY, Ahn DU, Paik HD. Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Activities of Ovotransferrin from Egg White. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2012. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2012.32.5.612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Acero-Lopez A, Ullah A, Offengenden M, Jung S, Wu J. Effect of high pressure treatment on ovotransferrin. Food Chem 2012; 135:2245-52. [PMID: 22980798 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Revised: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High pressure processing of ovotransferrin was carried out to study the structural and physiochemical changes of ovotransferrin under various pressure levels. At pH 8 and pressures higher than 200 MPa, a decrease in total sulfhydryl groups and an increase in surface hydrophobicity were observed along with a partial aggregation. A gradual shift of denaturation peak towards higher temperature was noticed up to 500 MPa, leading to a total loss of the enthalpy of denaturation at pressures of 600 and 700 MPa, where a significant decrease in intrinsic fluorescence was also observed. At pH 3, the ovotransferrin adopted a molten globule state, associated with a significant increase in surface hydrophobicity and reactive sulfhydryl content; structurally, no clear denaturation peaks in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were detected at any level of pressure treatment whereas a noticeable decrease in intrinsic fluorescence was evidenced up to 600 MPa and then increased at 700 MPa pressure treatment. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed that the conformational structure were changed from helices, sheets, turns, and aggregated strand to mostly intermolecular β-sheets or aggregated strands at pH 8 at 200 MPa but switched back to original structure at higher pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Acero-Lopez
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, T6G 2P5
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Moon SH, Paik HD, White S, Daraba A, Mendonca AF, Ahn DU. Influence of nisin and selected meat additives on the antimicrobial effect of ovotransferrin against Listeria monocytogenes. Poult Sci 2011; 90:2584-91. [PMID: 22010245 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-01275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S H Moon
- Division of Animal Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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33
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Physiological roles of ovotransferrin. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1820:218-25. [PMID: 21854833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovotransferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein, found in avian egg white and in avian serum, belonging to the family of transferrin iron-binding glycoproteins. All transferrins show high sequence homology. In mammals are presents two different soluble glycoproteins with different functions: i) serum transferrin that is present in plasma and committed to iron transport and iron delivery to cells and ii) lactoferrin that is present in extracellular fluids and in specific granules of polymorphonuclear lymphocytes and committed to the so-called natural immunity. To the contrary, in birds, ovotransferrin remained the only soluble glycoprotein of the transferrin family present both in plasma and egg white. SCOPE OF REVIEW Substantial experimental evidences are summarized, illustrating the multiple physiological roles of ovotransferrin in an attempt to overcome the common belief that ovotransferrin is a protein dedicated only to iron transport and to iron withholding antibacterial activity. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Similarly to the better known family member protein lactoferrin, ovotransferrin appears to be a multi-functional protein with a major role in avian natural immunity. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Biotechnological applications of ovotransferrin and ovotransferrin-related peptides could be considered in the near future, stimulating further research on this remarkable protein. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Transferrins: Molecular mechanisms of iron transport and disorders.
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Horrocks NPC, Irene Tieleman B, Matson KD. A simple assay for measurement of ovotransferrin - a marker of inflammation and infection in birds. Methods Ecol Evol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-210x.2011.00096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Grieco P, Luca V, Auriemma L, Carotenuto A, Saviello MR, Campiglia P, Barra D, Novellino E, Mangoni ML. Alanine scanning analysis and structure-function relationships of the frog-skin antimicrobial peptide temporin-1Ta. J Pept Sci 2011; 17:358-65. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.1350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mangoni ML, Carotenuto A, Auriemma L, Saviello MR, Campiglia P, Gomez-Monterrey I, Malfi S, Marcellini L, Barra D, Novellino E, Grieco P. Structure−Activity Relationship, Conformational and Biological Studies of Temporin L Analogues. J Med Chem 2011; 54:1298-307. [DOI: 10.1021/jm1012853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Istituto Pasteur—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences, “A. Rossi Fanelli”, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Carotenuto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigia Auriemma
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Saviello
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Isabel Gomez-Monterrey
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Malfi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ludovica Marcellini
- Istituto Pasteur—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences, “A. Rossi Fanelli”, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Barra
- Istituto Pasteur—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences, “A. Rossi Fanelli”, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Grieco
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
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Ko KY, Mendoncam AF, Ismail H, Ahn DU. Ethylenediaminetetraacetate and lysozyme improves antimicrobial activities of ovotransferrin against Escherichia coli O157:H7. Poult Sci 2009; 88:406-14. [PMID: 19151356 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of EDTA, lysozyme, or the combination of EDTA and lysozyme on the antibacterial activity of ovotransferrin against Escherichia coli O157:H7. Ovotransferrin solutions (20 mg/mL) containing 100 mM NaHCO3 (OS) with added EDTA (2.0 or 2.5 mg/mL), lysozyme (1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 mg/mL), or both were prepared. The antibacterial activities of OS, OSE (OS+EDTA), or OSL (OS+lysozyme) against E. coli O157:H7 in model systems were investigated by turbidity and viability tests. In addition, OSE, OSL, or OSEL (OS+EDTA+lysozyme) was applied to irradiated pork chops and commercial hams to determine whether the solutions had antibacterial activity on meat products. The effect of the initial cell population on the antibacterial activity of OSE, OSL, and OSEL was determined. Ethylenediaminetetraacetate at 2 mg/mL plus OS induced a reduction of approximately 3 to 4 log in viable E. coli O157:H7 cells in brain heart infusion broth media, and 1 mg/mL of lysozyme plus OS resulted in a reduction of approximately 0.5 to 1.0 log during a 36-h incubation at 35 degrees C. However, neither OSE nor OSEL showed a significant antibacterial effect on pork chops and hams during storage at 10 degrees C. The initial cell number in media did not affect the antibacterial activity of OSE or OSEL against E. coli O157:H7. This study demonstrates that combinations of ovotransferrin, NaHCO3, and EDTA have the potential to control E. coli O157:H7.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Ko
- Department of Animal Science, and Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
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Ko K, Mendonca A, Ahn D. Influence of Zinc, Sodium Bicarbonate, and Citric Acid on the Antibacterial Activity of Ovotransferrin Against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes in Model Systems and Ham. Poult Sci 2008; 87:2660-70. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2007-00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Ko KY, Mendonca AF, Ahn DU. Effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetate and lysozyme on the antimicrobial activity of ovotransferrin against Listeria monocytogenes. Poult Sci 2008; 87:1649-58. [PMID: 18648062 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2007-00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of EDTA and lysozyme on the antibacterial activities of activated ovotransferrin against 5 strains of Listeria monocytogenes. First, a disc test was performed to screen the concentrations of EDTA or lysozyme that showed antibacterial activities in ovotransferrin (O) or ovotransferrin in 100 mM NaHCO3 (OS) solution. Turbidity and viability tests were conducted using O or OS solution combined with either lysozyme (OL and OSL) or EDTA (OE and OSE). Also, OS combined with 2 mg/mL of lysozyme (OSL) or 1 mg/mL of EDTA (OSLE), or both, was applied on commercial hams to determine if the solutions show antibacterial activities on meat products. The effect of initial cell population on the antibacterial activities of ovotransferrin combined with either EDTA or lysozyme was also determined. The L. monocytogenes started to grow after 1 d of incubation in the presence of >2.0 mg/mL of lysozyme. The OL groups showed weak antibacterial activities against L. monocytogenes in brain heart infusion broth culture, and their activities were bacteriostatic. The OSL groups were bactericidal against L. monocytogenes, resulting in 1 log reduction from initial cell population. Even though OSL showed stronger antibacterial activity than OS, lysozyme had no significant effect on antibacterial activity of OS against L. monocytogenes. Also, EDTA itself at 1.0 and 2.0 mg/mL was bacteriostatic against 5 strains of L. monocytogenes. They were more susceptible to EDTA than lysozyme, and OSE1 and OSE2 had bactericidal activity against L. monocytogenes. There was a significant difference in the survivor cell populations between OS and OSE groups (P < 0.05). Therefore, EDTA enhanced the antibacterial activity of OS against L. monocytogenes. However, ovotransferrin plus either lysozyme or EDTA, or both, did not show any antibacterial effect in commercial hams during storage at 10 degrees C. In addition, the initial population of L. monocytogenes cells influenced the antibacterial activity of OSL or OSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Ko
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
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Mine Y, Yang M. Recent advances in the understanding of egg allergens: basic, industrial, and clinical perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:4874-4900. [PMID: 18543935 DOI: 10.1021/jf8001153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of egg allergy has had both industrial and clinical implications. In industrialized countries, egg allergy accounts for one of the most prevalent food hypersensitivities, especially in children. Atopic dermatitis represents the most common clinical manifestation in infancy; however, the range of clinical signs is broad and encompasses life-threatening anaphylaxis. The dominant egg allergens are proteins and are mainly present in the egg white, for example, ovalbumin, ovomucoid, ovotransferrin, and lysozyme. However, egg yolk also displays low-level allergenicity, for example, alpha-livetin. Strict avoidance of the offending food remains the most common recommendation for egg-allergic individuals. Nevertheless, the omnipresence of egg-derived components in prepackaged or prepared foods makes it difficult. Therefore, more efficient preventive approaches are investigated to protect consumers from inadvertent exposure and ensuing adverse reactions. On the one hand, commercial kits have become readily available that allow for the detection of egg contaminants at trace levels. On the other hand, attempts to produce hypoallergenic egg-containing products through food-processing techniques have met with promising results, but the approach is limited due to its potentially undesirable effects on the unique functional and sensory attributes of egg proteins. Therefore, the development of preventive or curative strategies for egg allergy remains strongly warranted. Pilot studies have suggested that oral immunotherapy (IT) with raw or cooked preparations of egg may represent a safe alternative, immediately available to allergic subjects, but remains applicable to only nonanaphylactic patients. Due to the limitations of conventional IT, novel forms of immunotherapy are sought based on information obtained from the molecular characterization of major egg allergens. In the past decade, promising approaches to the treatment and prevention of egg allergy have been explored and include, among others, the production of hypoallergenic recombinant egg proteins, the development of customized peptides, and bacterial-mediated immunotherapy. Nonspecific approaches have also been evaluated, and preliminary trials with the use of probiotic bacteria have yielded encouraging results. The current understanding of egg allergens offers novel approaches toward the making of food products safe for human consumption and the development of efficient immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Mine
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada.
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Wellman-Labadie O, Picman J, Hincke MT. Comparative antibacterial activity of avian egg white protein extracts. Br Poult Sci 2008; 49:125-32. [PMID: 18409086 DOI: 10.1080/00071660801938825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
1. Egg white proteins from the eggs of domestic chicken (Gallus gallus), turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and goose (Anser anser) were analysed in order to compare the antimicrobial activity of these products. 2. Albumen from each species was sampled and analysed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Antimicrobial activity and lysozyme activity were measured. 3. Ovotransferrin and ovalbumin were identified in all species while c-type lysozyme was present in chicken, turkey and duck egg white samples, but not in goose. 4. Galliformes appear to possess albumens with greater antimicrobial activity than those of the Anseriformes. This can be attributed to higher concentrations of ovotransferrin and the broad acting c-type lysozyme.
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Carotenuto A, Malfi S, Saviello MR, Campiglia P, Gomez-Monterrey I, Mangoni ML, Gaddi LMH, Novellino E, Grieco P. A different molecular mechanism underlying antimicrobial and hemolytic actions of temporins A and L. J Med Chem 2008; 51:2354-62. [PMID: 18370376 DOI: 10.1021/jm701604t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides temporin A (TA) and L (TL) are studied by spectroscopic (CD and NMR) techniques and molecular dynamics simulation. We analyzed the interactions of TA and TL with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles, which mimic bacterial and mammalian membranes, respectively. In SDS, the peptides prefer a location at the micelle-water interface; in DPC, they prefer a location perpendicular to the micelle surface, with the N-terminus imbedded in the hydrophobic core. TL shows higher propensity, with respect to TA, in forming alpha-helical structures in both membrane mimetic systems and the highest propensity to penetrate the micelles. Hence, we have proposed a different molecular mechanism underlying the antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of the two peptides. We also designed new analogues of TA and TL and found interesting differences in their efficacy against microbial species and human erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Carotenuto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples "Federico II", I-80131 Naples, Italy
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Shawkey MD, Kosciuch KL, Liu M, Rohwer FC, Loos ER, Wang JM, Beissinger SR. Do birds differentially distribute antimicrobial proteins within clutches of eggs? Behav Ecol 2008. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arn019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Wellman‐Labadie O, Picman J, Hincke M. Enhanced C‐Type Lysozyme Content of Wood Duck (Aix sponsa) Egg White: An Adaptation to Cavity Nesting? Physiol Biochem Zool 2008; 81:235-45. [DOI: 10.1086/524149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ahlborn GJ, Clare DA, Sheldon BW, Kelly RW. Identification of Eggshell Membrane Proteins and Purification of Ovotransferrin and β-NAGase from Hen Egg White. Protein J 2006; 25:71-81. [PMID: 16721662 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-006-0010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens to egg shell membranes (ESM) significantly reduced their thermal resistance and/or inactivated cells. Although the components responsible for this antibacterial activity have not been conclusively identified, several proteins associated with the ESM activity have been identified including beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, lysozyme and ovotransferrin, with each displaying varying degrees of antibacterial activity. Numerous attempts to purify active fractions of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, lysozyme and ovotransferrin from the ESM proved somewhat limited; however, hen egg white (HEW) beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase was purified using a two-step chromatographic procedure, isoelectric focusing followed by cation exchange chromatography. Pure fractions of ovotransferrin were also obtained in the process. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry were then used to partially characterize the individual protein components. Purified protein fractions such as these will be required in order to fully elucidate the mechanism responsible for the antimicrobial properties associated with the ESM.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Ahlborn
- Department of Food Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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46
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47
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Mangoni ML, Fiocco D, Mignogna G, Barra D, Simmaco M. Functional characterisation of the 1-18 fragment of esculentin-1b, an antimicrobial peptide from Rana esculenta. Peptides 2003; 24:1771-7. [PMID: 15019209 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2003.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2003] [Accepted: 07/23/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Esculentin-1 is a 46-amino acid residue peptide isolated from skin secretions of Rana esculenta, displaying the most potent antimicrobial activity among the bioactive molecules found in the secretion, with negligible effects on eukaryotic cell membranes. From skin secretions, the 19-46 fragment of esculentin-1, devoid of antibacterial activity, was also isolated. We studied in detail the activity of the N-terminal fragment (1-18) of esculentin-1 using a synthetic amidated analogue. The results show that this fragment is highly active against most bacterial and fungal species, although at a lower extent than the full-length peptide, being four-fold more potent against Phytophthora nicotianae. It has a reduced activity against human erythrocytes with respect to the full-length peptide. The killing curves in liquid medium are similar for the two molecules and the shorter peptide is able to increase the bacterial outer and inner membrane permeability. Overall these data indicate that the antimicrobial properties of esculentin-1 are exerted by its N-terminal 1-18 region and that the positively charged residue distribution as well as peptide length represent important determinants for cell selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luisa Mangoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli," Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Azienda Ospedale S. Andrea, Università "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy
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48
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Rinaldi AC, Mangoni ML, Rufo A, Luzi C, Barra D, Zhao H, Kinnunen PKJ, Bozzi A, Di Giulio A, Simmaco M. Temporin L: antimicrobial, haemolytic and cytotoxic activities, and effects on membrane permeabilization in lipid vesicles. Biochem J 2002; 368:91-100. [PMID: 12133008 PMCID: PMC1222958 DOI: 10.1042/bj20020806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2002] [Revised: 07/16/2002] [Accepted: 07/22/2002] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The temporins are a family of small, linear antibiotic peptides with intriguing biological properties. We investigated the antibacterial, haemolytic and cytotoxic activities of temporin L (FVQWFSKFLGRIL-NH2), isolated from the skin of the European red frog Rana temporaria. The peptide displayed the highest activity of temporins studied to date, against both human erythrocytes and bacterial and fungal strains. At variance with other known temporins, which are mainly active against Gram-positive bacteria, temporin L was also active against Gram-negative strains such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa A.T.C.C. 15692 and Escherichia coli D21 at concentrations comparable with those that are microbiocidal to Gram-positive bacteria. In addition, temporin L was cytotoxic to three different human tumour cell lines (Hut-78, K-562 and U-937), causing a necrosis-like cell death, although sensitivity to the peptide varied markedly with the specific cell line tested. A study of the interaction of temporin L with liposomes of different lipid compositions revealed that the peptide causes perturbation of bilayer integrity of both neutral and negatively charged membranes, as revealed by the release of a vesicle-encapsulated fluorescent marker, and that the action of the peptide is modulated to some extent by membrane lipid composition. In particular, the presence of negatively charged lipids in the model bilayer inhibits the lytic power of temporin L. We also show that the release of fluorescent markers caused by temporin L is size-dependent and that the peptide does not have a detergent-like effect on the membrane, suggesting that perturbation of bilayer organization takes place on a local scale, i.e. through the formation of pore-like openings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Rinaldi
- Cattedra di Chimica Biologica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Internistiche, Università di Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.
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Ibrahim HR, Sugimoto Y, Aoki T. Ovotransferrin antimicrobial peptide (OTAP-92) kills bacteria through a membrane damage mechanism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1523:196-205. [PMID: 11042384 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(00)00122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ovotransferrin antimicrobial peptide (OTAP-92) is a cationic fragment of hen ovotransferrin (OTf). OTAP-92 consists of 92 amino acid residues located within the 109-200 sequence of the N-lobe of OTf. This study was aimed to delineate the antimicrobial mechanism of OTAP-92 and to identify its interaction with bacterial membranes. OTAP-92 caused permeation of Escherichia coli outer membrane (OM) to 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine fluorescent probe in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that OTAP-92 crossed the bacterial OM by a self-promoted uptake. Cytoplasmic membrane of E. coli was found to be the target for OTAP-92 bactericidal activity, as assayed by the unmasking of cytoplasmic beta-galactosidase due to membrane permeabilization in a kinetic manner. Pretreatment of bacteria with uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, markedly enhanced permeation of cytoplasmic membrane, suggesting that the membrane permeation due to OTAP-92 is independent of the transmembrane potential. In an E. coli phospholipid liposome model, it was demonstrated that OTAP-92 has the ability to dissipate the transmembrane electrochemical potential. Intrinsic fluorescence spectra of the two tryptophan residues in OTAP-92, using liposomal membrane, have identified the lipid-binding region as a helix-sheet motif, and suggested an adjacent Ca(2+)-sensitive site within OTAP-92. These data indicated that OTAP-92 possesses a unique structural motif similar to the insect defensins. Further, this cationic antimicrobial peptide is capable of killing Gram-negative bacteria by crossing the OM by a self-promoted uptake and cause damage to the biological function of cytoplasmic membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, 890-0065, Kagoshima, Japan.
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Ibrahim HR, Iwamori E, Sugimoto Y, Aoki T. Identification of a distinct antibacterial domain within the N-lobe of ovotransferrin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1998; 1401:289-303. [PMID: 9540819 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4889(97)00132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have evaluated the bactericidal activity of hen ovotransferrin (OTf), which was found to operate regardless of its iron-deprivation properties, with the objective of isolating the bactericidal domain. The amino-terminal half-molecule (N-lobe, residues 1-332) of OTf, isolated by trypsin-nicking, retained the bactericidal activity independently of iron-deprivation, but not the carboxyl-terminal half-molecule (C-lobe, residue 342-686), suggesting the presence of a bactericidal domain within the N-lobe of the molecule. Specific cleavage at the aspartyl residues of OTf, by diluted-acid procedure, yielded fairly large peptides, whereas proteolysis for 150 min produced the strongest bactericidal peptides mixture. The bactericidal domain was purified from the active hydrolysate by gel filtration and reversed-phase HPLC and showed activity against S. aureus as well as E. coli K-12. Electrophoretic analysis on tricine-SDS-PAGE revealed a bactericidal peptide with an average M(r) of 9900 Da under non-reducing conditions. In combination with the specificity of cleavage (Asp-X) and the molecular mass, its N-terminal microsequencing corresponded to a cationic peptide consisting of 92 residues located within the 109-200 sequence of the N-lobe of OTf, containing three intrachain disulfide bridges, featuring a common structural motif occurs in the N-lobes of transferrins for which the sequence is available. Two of the disulfides (C160-C174 and C171-C182) form surface exposed cringle bridges lying on the opposite side of the iron-binding site from the interdomain cleft and showing marked sequence homology to insect defensins, which are blockers of the voltage-dependent K+ channels. The peptide lost antibacterial activity when its disulfide bonds were reduced, indicating the importance of its tertiary structure for the exertion of antibiotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Japan.
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