1
|
Andreetto F, Dela Pierre F, Gibert L, Natalicchio M, Ferrando S. Potential Fossilized Sulfide-Oxidizing Bacteria in the Upper Miocene Sulfur-Bearing Limestones From the Lorca Basin (SE Spain): Paleoenvironmental Implications. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1031. [PMID: 31164872 PMCID: PMC6536631 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The sulfur-bearing limestones interbedded in the upper Miocene diatomaceous sediments (Tripoli Formation) of the Lorca Basin (SE Spain) are typified, as other Mediterranean coeval carbonate and gypsum deposits, by filamentous, circular and rod-shaped microstructures of controversial origin. These features have been interpreted both as fecal pellets of brine shrimps and/or of copepods, remains of algae or cyanobacteria and fossilized sulfide-oxidizing bacteria. To shed light on their origin, a multidisciplinary study including optical, UV and scanning electron microscopy, Raman microspectroscopy, and geochemical (carbon and oxygen stable isotopes) analyses has been carried out on three carbonate beds exposed along the La Serrata ridge. The different composition of the filamentous and circular objects with respect to the rod-shaped microstructures suggest that the former represent remains of bacteria, while the latter fecal pellets of deposit- or suspension-feeder organisms. Size and shape of the filamentous and circular microfossils are consistent with their assignment to colorless sulfide-oxidizing bacteria like Beggiatoa (or Thioploca) and Thiomargarita, which is further supported by the presence, only within the microfossil body, of tiny pyrite grains. These grains possibly result from early diagenetic transformation of original sulfur globules stored by the bacteria, which are a diagnostic feature of this group of prokaryotes. The development of microbial communities dominated by putative sulfide-oxidizing bacteria at Lorca was favored by hydrogen sulfide flows generated through degradation of organic matter by sulfate-reducing bacteria thriving in underlying organic-rich sediments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Andreetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Luis Gibert
- Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcello Natalicchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Ferrando
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
|
3
|
Shi C, Nie Y, Zi F, Wang Q, Chen Y, Yu H. Effect of tetrathionate on thiosulfate leaching of gold in copper-ammonia system. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changliang Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Polytechnic University; Jiaozuo China
| | - Yanhe Nie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Polytechnic University; Jiaozuo China
| | - Futing Zi
- Faculty of Science; Kunming University of Science and Technology; Kunming China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Faculty of Science; Kunming University of Science and Technology; Kunming China
| | - Yunlong Chen
- Faculty of Science; Kunming University of Science and Technology; Kunming China
| | - Hong Yu
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Wuhan China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Boden R, Hutt LP, Huntemann M, Clum A, Pillay M, Palaniappan K, Varghese N, Mikhailova N, Stamatis D, Reddy T, Ngan CY, Daum C, Shapiro N, Markowitz V, Ivanova N, Woyke T, Kyrpides N. Permanent draft genome of Thermithiobaclillus tepidarius DSM 3134 T, a moderately thermophilic, obligately chemolithoautotrophic member of the Acidithiobacillia. Stand Genomic Sci 2016; 11:74. [PMID: 27708749 PMCID: PMC5037610 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-016-0188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermithiobacillus tepidarius DSM 3134T was originally isolated (1983) from the waters of a sulfidic spring entering the Roman Baths (Temple of Sulis-Minerva) at Bath, United Kingdom and is an obligate chemolithoautotroph growing at the expense of reduced sulfur species. This strain has a genome size of 2,958,498 bp. Here we report the genome sequence, annotation and characteristics. The genome comprises 2,902 protein coding and 66 RNA coding genes. Genes responsible for the transaldolase variant of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle were identified along with a biosynthetic horseshoe in lieu of Krebs’ cycle sensu stricto. Terminal oxidases were identified, viz. cytochrome c oxidase (cbb3, EC 1.9.3.1) and ubiquinol oxidase (bd, EC 1.10.3.10). Metalloresistance genes involved in pathways of arsenic and cadmium resistance were found. Evidence of horizontal gene transfer accounting for 5.9 % of the protein-coding genes was found, including transfer from Thiobacillus spp. and Methylococcus capsulatus Bath, isolated from the same spring. A sox gene cluster was found, similar in structure to those from other Acidithiobacillia – by comparison with Thiobacillus thioparus and Paracoccus denitrificans, an additional gene between soxA and soxB was found, annotated as a DUF302-family protein of unknown function. As the Kelly-Friedrich pathway of thiosulfate oxidation (encoded by sox) is not used in Thermithiobacillus spp., the role of the operon (if any) in this species remains unknown. We speculate that DUF302 and sox genes may have a role in periplasmic trithionate oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rich Boden
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA UK ; Sustainable Earth Institute, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA UK
| | - Lee P Hutt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA UK ; Sustainable Earth Institute, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA UK
| | | | - Alicia Clum
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | - Manoj Pillay
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | | | - Neha Varghese
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | | | | | | | - Chew Yee Ngan
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | - Chris Daum
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | | | | | | | - Tanja Woyke
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Watanabe T, Miura A, Shinohara A, Kojima H, Fukui M. Thermithiobacillus plumbiphilus sp. nov., a sulfur-oxidizing bacterium isolated from lead sulfide. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:1986-1989. [PMID: 26873326 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel sulfur oxidizer, strain wk12T, was isolated from an industrially synthesized lead (II) sulfide. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was around 58.5 mol%. The major components in the cellular fatty acid profile were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0 and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c). The strain oxidized lead sulfide, thiosulfate and tetrathionate as electron donors to support autotrophic growth. Cells of strain wk12T were motile, rod-shaped (0.5-1.0 × 0.7-2.2 μm), and Gram-stain-negative. For growth, the temperature range was 5-37 °C, and optimum growth was observed at 28-32 °C. The pH range for growth was 5.8-8.7, with optimum growth at pH 6.4-7.1. Optimum growth of the isolate was observed in medium without NaCl, and no growth was observed in the medium containing 0.5 M or more NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate belongs to the class Acidithiobacillia. The closest relative with a validly published name was Thermithiobacillus tepidarius DSM 3134T, with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96 %. On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic properties, strain wk12T represents a novel species of the genus Thermithiobacillus, for which the name Thermithiobacillus plumbiphilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is wk12T ( = NBRC 111508T = DSM 101799T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Watanabe
- The Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-19, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Aya Miura
- The Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-19, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Arisa Shinohara
- The Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-19, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Hisaya Kojima
- The Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-19, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Manabu Fukui
- The Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-19, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
James TH, Cannon C, Apblett A, Materer NF. Sodium Dithionite Purity and Decomposition Products in Solid Samples Spanning 50 Years. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2014.914939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
7
|
Boden R, Cleland D, Green PN, Katayama Y, Uchino Y, Murrell JC, Kelly DP. Phylogenetic assessment of culture collection strains of Thiobacillus thioparus, and definitive 16S rRNA gene sequences for T. thioparus, T. denitrificans, and Halothiobacillus neapolitanus. Arch Microbiol 2011; 194:187-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-011-0747-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
8
|
|
9
|
Boden R, Kelly DP, Murrell JC, Schäfer H. Oxidation of dimethylsulfide to tetrathionate by Methylophaga thiooxidans sp. nov.: a new link in the sulfur cycle. Environ Microbiol 2011; 12:2688-99. [PMID: 20482741 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02238.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new pathway of dimethylsulfide (DMS) metabolism was identified in a novel species of Gammaproteobacteria, Methylophaga thiooxidans sp. nov., in which tetrathionate (S(4)O(6)(2-)) was the end-product of DMS oxidation. Inhibitor evidence indicated that DMS degradation was initiated by demethylation, catalysed by a corrinoid demethylase. Thiosulfate was an intermediate, which was oxidized to tetrathionate by a cytochrome-linked thiosulfate dehydrogenase. Thiosulfate oxidation was coupled to ATP synthesis, and M. thiooxidans could also use exogenous thiosulfate as an energy source during chemolithoheterotrophic growth on DMS or methanol. Cultures grown on a variety of substrates oxidized thiosulfate, indicating that thiosulfate oxidation was constitutive. The observations have relevance to interactions among sulfur-metabolizing bacteria in the marine environment. The production of tetrathionate from an organosulfur precursor is previously undocumented and represents a potential step in the biogeochemical sulfur cycle, providing a 'shunt' across the cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rich Boden
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bailey JV, Orphan VJ, Joye SB, Corsetti FA. Chemotrophic microbial mats and their potential for preservation in the rock record. ASTROBIOLOGY 2009; 9:843-859. [PMID: 19968462 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2008.0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Putative microbialites are commonly regarded to have formed in association with photosynthetic microorganisms, such as cyanobacteria. However, many modern microbial mat ecosystems are dominated by chemotrophic bacteria and archaea. Like phototrophs, filamentous sulfur-oxidizing bacteria form large mats at the sediment/water interface that can act to stabilize sediments, and their metabolic activities may mediate the formation of marine phosphorites. Similarly, bacteria and archaea associated with the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) catalyze the precipitation of seafloor authigenic carbonates. When preserved, lipid biomarkers, isotopic signatures, body fossils, and lithological indicators of the local depositional environment may be used to identify chemotrophic mats in the rock record. The recognition of chemotrophic communities in the rock record has the potential to transform our understanding of ancient microbial ecologies, evolution, and geochemical conditions. Chemotrophic microbes on Earth occupy naturally occurring interfaces between oxidized and reduced chemical species and thus may provide a new set of search criteria to target life-detection efforts on other planets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake V Bailey
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ghosh W, Dam B. Biochemistry and molecular biology of lithotrophic sulfur oxidation by taxonomically and ecologically diverse bacteria and archaea. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2009; 33:999-1043. [PMID: 19645821 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2009.00187.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithotrophic sulfur oxidation is an ancient metabolic process. Ecologically and taxonomically diverged prokaryotes have differential abilities to utilize different reduced sulfur compounds as lithotrophic substrates. Different phototrophic or chemotrophic species use different enzymes, pathways and mechanisms of electron transport and energy conservation for the oxidation of any given substrate. While the mechanisms of sulfur oxidation in obligately chemolithotrophic bacteria, predominantly belonging to Beta- (e.g. Thiobacillus) and Gammaproteobacteria (e.g. Thiomicrospira), are not well established, the Sox system is the central pathway in the facultative bacteria from Alphaproteobacteria (e.g. Paracoccus). Interestingly, photolithotrophs such as Rhodovulum belonging to Alphaproteobacteria also use the Sox system, whereas those from Chromatiaceae and Chlorobi use a truncated Sox complex alongside reverse-acting sulfate-reducing systems. Certain chemotrophic magnetotactic Alphaproteobacteria allegedly utilize such a combined mechanism. Sulfur-chemolithotrophic metabolism in Archaea, largely restricted to Sulfolobales, is distinct from those in Bacteria. Phylogenetic and biomolecular fossil data suggest that the ubiquity of sox genes could be due to horizontal transfer, and coupled sulfate reduction/sulfide oxidation pathways, originating in planktonic ancestors of Chromatiaceae or Chlorobi, could be ancestral to all sulfur-lithotrophic processes. However, the possibility that chemolithotrophy, originating in deep sea, is the actual ancestral form of sulfur oxidation cannot be ruled out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wriddhiman Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology, University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Anandham R, Indiragandhi P, Madhaiyan M, Ryu KY, Jee HJ, Sa TM. Chemolithoautotrophic oxidation of thiosulfate and phylogenetic distribution of sulfur oxidation gene (soxB) in rhizobacteria isolated from crop plants. Res Microbiol 2008; 159:579-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2008.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Revised: 08/15/2008] [Accepted: 08/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
13
|
Kelly DP. Stable sulfur isotope fractionation and discrimination between the sulfur atoms of thiosulfate during oxidation by Halothiobacillus neapolitanus. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2008; 282:299-306. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
14
|
Wood AP, Woodall CA, Kelly DP. Halothiobacillus neapolitanus strain OSWA isolated from "The Old Sulphur Well" at Harrogate (Yorkshire, England). Syst Appl Microbiol 2005; 28:746-8. [PMID: 16261864 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2005.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The "Old Sulphur Well" has a subterranean input of water containing 5.5mM total sulfide, which would be inhibitory to the growth of most bacteria. The obligately chemolithoautotrophic Halothiobacillus neapolitanus is a sulfur bacterium known to tolerate and metabolize high sulfide concentrations, and we report the isolation of H. neapolitanus strain OSWA from this source. Strain OSWA grows well on thiosulfate and tetrathionate as energy sources, and tolerates at least 5mM sulfide. Its specific growth rates and yields in batch culture were 0.22h(-1) and 5.3 gmol(-1) (thiosulfate), and 0.23 h(-1) and 9.5 gmol(-1) (tetrathionate). Its 16S rRNA gene sequence shows >99% identity to reference sequences of H. neapolitanus, and it shares morphological and physiological characteristics typical of the species. It is one of a very small number of strains of H. neapolitanus described to date, and the first to be isolated from an ancient sulfide-rich natural spa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann P Wood
- Department of Life Sciences, King's College London, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mukhopadhyaya PN, Deb C, Lahiri C, Roy P. A soxA gene, encoding a diheme cytochrome c, and a sox locus, essential for sulfur oxidation in a new sulfur lithotrophic bacterium. J Bacteriol 2000; 182:4278-87. [PMID: 10894738 PMCID: PMC101942 DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.15.4278-4287.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A mobilizable suicide vector, pSUP5011, was used to introduce Tn5-mob in a new facultative sulfur lithotrophic bacterium, KCT001, to generate mutants defective in sulfur oxidation (Sox(-)). The Sox(-) mutants were unable to oxidize thiosulfate while grown mixotrophically in the presence of thiosulfate and succinate. The mutants were also impaired in oxidizing other reduced sulfur compounds and elemental sulfur as evident from the study of substrate oxidation by the whole cells. Sulfite oxidase activity was significantly diminished in the cell extracts of all the mutants. A soxA gene was identified from the transposon-adjacent genomic DNA of a Sox(-) mutant strain. The sequence analysis revealed that the soxA open reading frame (ORF) is preceded by a potential ribosome binding site and promoter region with -10- and -35-like sequences. The deduced nucleotide sequence of the soxA gene was predicted to code for a protein of 286 amino acids. It had a signal peptide of 26 N-terminal amino acids. The amino acid sequence showed similarity with a putative gene product of Aquifex aeolicus, soluble cytochrome c(551) of Chlorobium limicola, and the available partial SoxA sequence of Paracoccus denitrificans. The soxA-encoded product seems to be a diheme cytochrome c for KCT001 and A. aeolicus, but the amino acid sequence of C. limicola cytochrome c(551) revealed a single heme-binding region. Another transposon insertion mutation was mapped within the soxA ORF. Four other independent transposon insertion mutations were mapped in the 4.4-kb soxA contiguous genomic DNA region. The results thus suggest that a sox locus of KCT001, essential for sulfur oxidation, was affected by all these six independent insertion mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P N Mukhopadhyaya
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, P-1/12, C. I. T. Scheme VII-M, Calcutta-700 054, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Reduced inorganic sulfur compounds are oxidized by members of the domains Archaea and Bacteria. These compounds are used as electron donors for anaerobic phototrophic and aerobic chemotrophic growth, and are mostly oxidized to sulfate. Different enzymes mediate the conversion of various reduced sulfur compounds. Their physiological function in sulfur oxidation is considered (i) mostly from the biochemical characterization of the enzymatic reaction, (ii) rarely from the regulation of their formation, and (iii) only in a few cases from the mutational gene inactivation and characterization of the resulting mutant phenotype. In this review the sulfur-metabolizing reactions of selected phototrophic and of chemotrophic prokaryotes are discussed. These comprise an archaeon, a cyanobacterium, green sulfur bacteria, and selected phototrophic and chemotrophic proteobacteria. The genetic systems are summarized which are presently available for these organisms, and which can be used to study the molecular basis of their dissimilatory sulfur metabolism. Two groups of thiobacteria can be distinguished: those able to grow with tetrathionate and other reduced sulfur compounds, and those unable to do so. This distinction can be made irrespective of their phototrophic or chemotrophic metabolism, neutrophilic or acidophilic nature, and may indicate a mechanism different from that of thiosulfate oxidation. However, the core enzyme for tetrathionate oxidation has not been identified so far. Several phototrophic bacteria utilize hydrogen sulfide, which is considered to be oxidized by flavocytochrome c owing to its in vitro activity. However, the function of flavocytochrome c in vivo may be different, because it is missing in other hydrogen sulfide-oxidizing bacteria, but is present in most thiosulfate-oxidizing bacteria. A possible function of flavocytochrome c is discussed based on biophysical studies, and the identification of a flavocytochrome in the operon encoding enzymes involved in thiosulfate oxidation of Paracoccus denitrificans. Adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase thought to function in the 'reverse' direction in different phototrophic and chemotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria was analysed in Chromatium vinosum. Inactivation of the corresponding gene does not affect the sulfite-oxidizing ability of the mutant. This result questions the concept of its 'reverse' function, generally accepted for over three decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C G Friedrich
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Fachbereich Chemietechnik, Universität Dortmund, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
de Jong GAH, Hazeu W, Bos P, Kuenen JG. Polythionate degradation by tetrathionate hydrolase of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Microbiology (Reading) 1997; 143:499-504. [DOI: 10.1099/00221287-143-2-499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free extracts of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans grown with thiosulfate as energy source and prepared at high ammonium sulfate concentrations and at low pH are capable of polythionate hydrolysis. The enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of tetrathionate (S4O2-
6) and pentathionate (S4O2-
6) was purified to homogeneity. Enzyme activity during the purification procedure was based on a continuous spectrophotometric method that detects soluble intermediates that absorb in the UV region. The end products of hydrolysis of both polythionates by the pure enzyme were thiosulfate, sulfur and sulfate. The purified enzyme has a pH optimum of around 4 and a temperature optimum of 65 �. The activity is strongly influenced by the presence of sulfate ions. The purified enzyme is a dimer with two identical subunits of molecular mass 52 kDa. During purification of tetrathionate hydrolase, fractions able to hydrolyse trithionate and tetrathionate were separated, indicating that the two substrates are hydrolysed by different enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Govardus A. H. de Jong
- Department of Microbiology and Enzymology, Delft University of Technology,Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft,The Netherlands
| | - Wim Hazeu
- Department of Microbiology and Enzymology, Delft University of Technology,Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft,The Netherlands
| | - Piet Bos
- Department of Microbiology and Enzymology, Delft University of Technology,Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft,The Netherlands
| | - J. Gijs Kuenen
- Department of Microbiology and Enzymology, Delft University of Technology,Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft,The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Iordan SL, Kraczkiewicz-Dowjat AJ, Kelly DP, Wood AP. Novel eubacteria able to grow on carbon disulfide. Arch Microbiol 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00381787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
19
|
[37] Whole-organism methods for inorganic sulfur oxidation by chemolithotrophs and photolithotrophs. Methods Enzymol 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(94)43039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
20
|
|
21
|
Kelly DP, Wood AP. [36] Enzymes involved in microbiological oxidation of thiosulfate and polythionates. Methods Enzymol 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(94)43038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
|
22
|
Beffa T, Fischer C, Aragno M. Inhibition of respiratory oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds by intact cells ofThiobacillus denitrificans (strain RT) grown on thiosulfate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01952608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
23
|
Meulenberg R, Scheer EJ, Pronk JT, Hazeu W, Bos P, Gijs Kuenen J. Metabolism of tetrathionate inThiobacillus acidophilus. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06443.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
24
|
Kelly DP, Lu WP, Poole RK. Cytochromes in Thiobacillus tepidarius and the respiratory chain involved in the oxidation of thiosulphate and tetrathionate. Arch Microbiol 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00288708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
25
|
|
26
|
Meulenberg R, Pronk JT, Frank J, Hazeu W, Bos P, Kuenen JG. Purification and partial characterization of a thermostable trithionate hydrolase from the acidophilic sulphur oxidizer Thiobacillus acidophilus. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1992; 209:367-74. [PMID: 1396709 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17298.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free extracts of Thiobacillus acidophilus catalysed the quantitative conversion of trithionate (S3O6(2-) to thiosulphate and sulphate. A continuous assay for quantification of experimental results was based on the difference in absorbance between trithionate and thiosulphate at 220 nm. Trithionate hydrolase was purified to near homogeneity from cell-free extracts of T. acidophilus. The molecular masses of the native enzyme and the subunit were 99 kDa (gel filtration) and 34 kDa (SDS/PAGE). The purified enzyme has a pH optimum of 3.5-4.5 and a temperature optimum of 70 degrees C. Enzyme activity was stimulated by sulphate. The stimulation of the enzyme activity by sulphate was half maximal at a concentration of 0.23 M. The Km for trithionate is 70 microM at 30 degrees C and 270 microM at 70 degrees C. Enzyme activity was lost after 36 days at 0 degrees C, 27 days at 70 degrees C; but after 97 days at 30 degrees C, 40% of the initial activity was still present: The enzyme activity was inhibited by mercury chloride, N-ethylmaleimide, thiosulphate and tetrathionate. Tetrathionate S4O6(2-) was not hydrolysed by trithionate hydrolase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Meulenberg
- Department of Microbiology and Enzymology, Kluyver Laboratory of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Meulenberg R, Pronk JT, Hazeu W, Bos P, Kuenen JG. Oxidation of reduced sulphur compounds by intact cells of Thiobacillus acidophilus. Arch Microbiol 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00245285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
28
|
Wood AP, Kelly DP. Isolation and characterisation of Thiobacillus halophilus sp. nov., a sulphur-oxidising autotrophic eubacterium from a Western Australian hypersaline lake. Arch Microbiol 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00262998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
29
|
Isolation and physiological characterisation of Thiobacillus thyasiris sp. nov., a novel marine facultative autotroph and the putative symbiont of Thyasira flexuosa. Arch Microbiol 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00456095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
30
|
Isolation and physiological characterisation of Thiobacillus aquaesulis sp. nov., a novel facultatively autotrophic moderate thermophile. Arch Microbiol 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00411653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
31
|
Chemolithotrophic ATP synthesis and NAD(P) reduction in Thiobacillus tepidarius and T. versutus. Arch Microbiol 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00411646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
32
|
Autotrophic growth of four Sulfolobus strains on tetrathionate and the effect of organic nutrients. Arch Microbiol 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00410940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|