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Lopes M, Belo I, Mota M. Over-pressurized bioreactors: Application to microbial cell cultures. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 30:767-75. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Lopes
- Center of Biological Engineering; University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar; Braga 4710-057 Portugal
| | - Isabel Belo
- Center of Biological Engineering; University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar; Braga 4710-057 Portugal
| | - Manuel Mota
- Center of Biological Engineering; University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar; Braga 4710-057 Portugal
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Dick JM, Shock EL. A metastable equilibrium model for the relative abundances of microbial phyla in a hot spring. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72395. [PMID: 24023738 PMCID: PMC3759468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies link the compositions of microbial communities to their environments, but the energetics of organism-specific biomass synthesis as a function of geochemical variables have rarely been assessed. We describe a thermodynamic model that integrates geochemical and metagenomic data for biofilms sampled at five sites along a thermal and chemical gradient in the outflow channel of the hot spring known as “Bison Pool” in Yellowstone National Park. The relative abundances of major phyla in individual communities sampled along the outflow channel are modeled by computing metastable equilibrium among model proteins with amino acid compositions derived from metagenomic sequences. Geochemical conditions are represented by temperature and activities of basis species, including pH and oxidation-reduction potential quantified as the activity of dissolved hydrogen. By adjusting the activity of hydrogen, the model can be tuned to closely approximate the relative abundances of the phyla observed in the community profiles generated from BLAST assignments. The findings reveal an inverse relationship between the energy demand to form the proteins at equal thermodynamic activities and the abundance of phyla in the community. The distance from metastable equilibrium of the communities, assessed using an equation derived from energetic considerations that is also consistent with the information-theoretic entropy change, decreases along the outflow channel. Specific divergences from metastable equilibrium, such as an underprediction of the relative abundances of phototrophic organisms at lower temperatures, can be explained by considering additional sources of energy and/or differences in growth efficiency. Although the metabolisms used by many members of these communities are driven by chemical disequilibria, the results support the possibility that higher-level patterns of chemotrophic microbial ecosystems are shaped by metastable equilibrium states that depend on both the composition of biomass and the environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M. Dick
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Everett L. Shock
- School of Earth and Space Exploration and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
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Sonnleitner B, Cometta S, Fiechter A. Equipment and growth inhibition of thermophilic bacteria. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 24:2597-9. [PMID: 18546228 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260241123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Sonnleitner
- Department of Biotechnology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Hönggerberg CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Thermostable lipolytic enzymes production in batch and continuous cultures of Thermus thermophilus HB27. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2009; 33:347-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-009-0331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2009] [Accepted: 05/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Deive FJ, Carvalho E, Pastrana L, Rúa ML, Longo MA, Sanroman MA. Assessment of Relevant Factors Influencing Lipolytic Enzyme Production by Thermus thermophilus HB27 in Laboratory-Scale Bioreactors. Chem Eng Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200800613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Stimulation of novel thermostable extracellular lipolytic enzyme in cultures of Thermus sp. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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da Silva TL, Reis A, Kent CA, Roseiro JC, Hewitt CJ. The use of multi-parameter flow cytometry to study the impact of limiting substrate, agitation intensity, and dilution rate on cell aggregation during Bacillus licheniformis CCMI 1034 aerobic continuous culture fermentations. Biotechnol Bioeng 2006; 92:568-78. [PMID: 16200573 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this work was to establish those factors either physical (power input) or chemical (limiting substrate or dilution rate) that enhance cell aggregation (biofilm or floc formation) and cell physiological state during aerobic continuous cultures of Bacillus licheniformis. Glucose-limited steady-state continuous cultures growing at a dilution rate between 0.64 and 0.87/h and 1,000 rpm (mean specific energy dissipation rate (epsilonT) = 6.5 W/kg), led to the formation of a thin biofilm on the vessel wall characterized by the presence of a high proportion of healthy cells in the broth (after aggregate disruption by sonication) defined as having intact polarized cytoplasmic membranes. An increased epsilonT (from 6.5 W/kg to 38 W/kg) was found to hinder cell aggregation under carbon limitation. The carbon recovery calculated from glucose indicated that additional extracellular polymer was being produced at dilution rates >0.87/h. B. licheniformis growth under nitrogen limitation led to floc formation which increased in size with dilution rate. Counter-intuitively the flocs became more substantial with an increase in epsilonT from 6.5 W/kg to 38 W/kg under nitrogen limitation. Indeed the best culture conditions for enhanced metabolically active cell aggregate formation was under nitrogen limitation at epsilonT = 6.5 W/kg (leading to floc formation), and under carbon limitation at a dilution rate of between 0.64 and 0.87/h, at epsilonT = 6.5 W/kg (leading to vessel wall biofilm formation). This information could be used to optimize culture conditions for improved cell aggregation and hence biomass separation, during thermophilic aerobic bioremediation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Lopes da Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Tecnologia e Inovação, Departamento de Biotecnologia, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22, 1649-038, Lisboa codex, Portugal
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Vogelaar JCT, Klapwijk B, Temmink H, van Lier JB. Kinetic comparisons of mesophilic and thermophilic aerobic biomass. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2003; 30:81-8. [PMID: 12612781 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-002-0015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2002] [Accepted: 10/16/2002] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Kinetic parameters describing growth and decay of mesophilic (30 degrees C) and thermophilic (55 degrees C) aerobic biomass were determined in continuous and batch experiments by using oxygen uptake rate measurements. Biomass was cultivated on a single soluble substrate (acetate) in a mineral medium. The intrinsic maximum growth rate ( micro (max)) at 55 degrees C was 0.71+/-0.09 h(-1), which is 1.5 times higher than the micro (max) at 30 degrees C (0.48+/-0.11 h(-1)). The biomass decay rates increased from 0.004 h(-1) at 30 degrees C to 0.017 h(-1) at 55 degrees C. Monod constants were very low for both types of biomass: 9+/-2 mg chemical oxygen demand (COD) l(-1)at 30 degrees C and 3+/-2 mg COD l(-1)at 55 degrees C. Theoretical biomass yields were similar at 30 and 55 degrees C: 0.5 g biomass COD (g acetate COD)(-1). The observed biomass yields decreased under both temperature conditions as a function of the cell residence time. Under thermophilic conditions, this effect was more pronounced due to the higher decay rates, resulting in lower biomass production at 55 degrees C compared to 30 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap C T Vogelaar
- Wageningen University and Research Center, Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Bomenweg 2, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Demirtas MU, Kolhatkar A, Kilbane JJ. Effect of aeration and agitation on growth rate of Thermus thermophilus in batch mode. J Biosci Bioeng 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(03)80114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Chen CI, Taylor RT. Thermophilic biodegradation of BTEX by twoThermus Species. Biotechnol Bioeng 1995; 48:614-24. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260480609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Tenreiro S, Nobre MF, Hoste B, Gillis M, Kristjansson JK, da Costa MS. DNA:DNA hybridization and chemotaxonomic studies of Thermus scotoductus. Res Microbiol 1995; 146:315-24. [PMID: 7569325 DOI: 10.1016/0923-2508(96)81054-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The species Thermus scotoductus was recently described as containing several non-pigmented isolates from Selfoss, Iceland, and the X-1 strain from the USA (Kristjansson et al., 1994). In this study, we performed DNA:DNA hybridizations and chemotaxonomic studies on several non-pigmented Thermus isolates from other geographical areas to assess their relationship to the strains originally assigned to this species. The results of DNA:DNA hybridizations showed that strains NH and Dl from London and strains Vl-7a and Vl-13 from Vizela, Portugal, belonged to T. scotoductus. T. scotoductus X-1 (ATCC 27978) was composed of two stable colony types, one of which had a major glycolipid different from the one present in the other colony type and from all other Thermus strains examined as well. The fatty acid composition of the isolates from Selfoss and London were practically identical. However, the fatty acid composition of strain X-1, the individual colony types of this strain and the Vizela strains were different from the Selfoss-London isolates and from each other. Another non-pigmented strain, designated SPS-11, belonged to a different DNA homology group.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tenreiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
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Halotolerant Thermus Strains from Marine and Terrestrial Hot Springs Belong to Thermus thermophilus (ex Oshima and Imahori, 1974) nom. rev. emend. Syst Appl Microbiol 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(11)80072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Ævarsson A, Holst O, Kristjansson JK. Growth behavior and protease production by an icelandicthermus sp. isolate in batch and continuous culture. Curr Microbiol 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02092301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Metabolic and energetic aspects of the growth of Bacillus stearothermophilus in glucose-limited and glucose-sufficient chemostat culture. Arch Microbiol 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00422286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Deming JW. The biotechnological future for newly described, extremely thermophilic bacteria. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 1986; 12:111-119. [PMID: 24212461 DOI: 10.1007/bf02153226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent explorations of aquatic volcanic environments have led to the isolation of novel microorganisms with optimal growth temperatures of 80°C or higher. Expectations of equally novel, highly thermostable biocatalysts and specialty chemicals from such organisms remain high but must be tempered with the laboratory realities of manipulating unusual bacteria whose growth characteristics are as yet poorly defined. Advancing the biotechnological future of "super-thermophiles" will require new cultivation methods, including the use of highly thermostable gels and pressurized bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Deming
- Chesapeake Bay Institute, The Johns Hopkins University, 4800 Atwell Road, 20764, Shady Side, Maryland, USA
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Fee JA, Kuila D, Mather MW, Yoshida T. Respiratory proteins from extremely thermophilic, aerobic bacteria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1986; 853:153-85. [PMID: 3030415 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4173(86)90009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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19
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Molin G, Nilsson I. Sand administration as an instrument for biofilm control ofPseudomonas putida ATCC 11172 in chemostat cultures. Biotechnol Bioeng 1985; 27:117-20. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260270114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Microbial Biomass from Renewables: A Second Review of Alternatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-040307-3.50013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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22
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Molin G. Measurement of the maximum specific growth rate in chemostat of Pseudomonas spp. with different abilities for biofilm formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00500496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Cometta S, Sonnleitner B, Sidler W, Fiechter A. Population distribution of aerobic extremely thermophilic microorganisms in an icelandic natural hot spring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00500745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Sonnleitner B, Cometta S, Fiechter A. Growth kinetics of Thermus thermophilus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00499510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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