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Bolduc C, Larose M, Lafond N, Yoshioka M, Rodrigue MA, Morissette J, Labrie C, Raymond V, St-Amand J. Adipose Tissue Transcriptome by Serial Analysis of Gene Expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 12:750-7. [PMID: 15166294 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2004.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the genomic expression profile or transcriptome of adipose tissue using the serial analysis of gene expression method. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES The serial analysis of gene expression strategy is based on isolation of short sequences (tags), which usually correspond to unique transcripts, and on their concatenation into long DNA molecules, which are then cloned and sequenced. Experiments were performed with mRNA from retroperitoneal adipose tissue of male C57BL6 mice. RESULTS We isolated 45,996 tags corresponding to more than 17,000 different genes. Eighty-eight genes were expressed at more than 0.1% of the total population and represented 26% of the mRNA population identified. The most expressed genes were: carbonic anhydrase 3 (1.97%), cytochrome c oxidase (COX) 1 (1.47%), COX2 (1.25%), diazepam binding inhibitor (1.04%), a novel transcript (0.87%), COX3 (0.55%), fatty acid-binding protein 4 (0.55%), and NADH dehydrogenase 4 (0.52%). Other genes known to be expressed in adipose tissue, such as uncoupling protein 2, angiotensinogen, adipsin, and insulin-like growth factor 1, were found at a lower level. Several tags corresponding to novel transcripts were also found. DISCUSSION To our knowledge, the present results provide for the first time a quantitative description of the transcriptome in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Bolduc
- Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology Research Center, Laval Univerisity Medical Center and Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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2
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Harju AK, Bootorabi F, Kuuslahti M, Supuran CT, Parkkila S. Carbonic anhydrase III: A neglected isozyme is stepping into the limelight. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:231-9. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.700640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Bootorabi
- School of Medicine
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Marianne Kuuslahti
- School of Medicine
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università degli Studi di Firenze,
Rm 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, I 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- School of Medicine
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab, Tampere University Hospital,
Tampere, Finland
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3
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Steibel JP, Wysocki M, Lunney JK, Ramos AM, Hu ZL, Rothschild MF, Ernst CW. Assessment of the swine protein-annotated oligonucleotide microarray. Anim Genet 2009; 40:883-93. [PMID: 19515086 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01928.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The specificity and utility of the swine protein-annotated oligonucleotide microarray, or Pigoligoarray (http://www.pigoligoarray.org), has been evaluated by profiling the expression of transcripts from four porcine tissues. Tools for comparative analyses of expression on the Pigoligoarray were developed including HGNC identities and comparative mapping alignments with human orthologs. Hybridization results based on the Pigoligoarray's sets of control, perfect match (PM) and deliberate mismatch (MM) probes provide an important means of assessing non-specific hybridization. Simple descriptive diagnostic analyses of PM/MM probe sets are introduced in this paper as useful tools for detecting non-specific hybridization. Samples of RNA from liver, brain stem, longissimus dorsi muscle and uterine endothelium from four pigs were prepared and hybridized to the arrays. Of the total 20,400 oligonucleotides on the Pigoligoarray, 12,429 transcripts were putatively differentially expressed (DE). Analyses for tissue-specific expression [over-expressed in one tissue with respect to all the remaining three tissues (q < 0.01)] identified 958 DE transcripts in liver, 726 in muscle, 286 in uterine endothelium and 1027 in brain stem. These hybridization results were confirmed by quantitative PCR (QPCR) expression patterns for a subset of genes after affirming that cDNA and amplified antisense RNA (aRNA) exhibited similar QPCR results. Comparison to human ortholog expression confirmed the value of this array for experiments of both agricultural importance and for tests using pigs as a biomedical model for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Steibel
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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4
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A novel renal carbonic anhydrase type III plays a role in proximal tubule dysfunction. Kidney Int 2008; 74:52-61. [PMID: 18322545 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the proximal tubule (PT) is associated with variable degrees of solute wasting and low-molecular-weight proteinuria. We measured metabolic consequences and adaptation mechanisms in a model of inherited PT disorders using PT cells of ClC-5-deficient (Clcn5Y/-) mice, a well-established model of Dent's disease. Compared to cells taken from control mice, those from the mutant mice had increased expression of markers of proliferation (Ki67, proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and cyclin E) and oxidative scavengers (superoxide dismutase I and thioredoxin). Transcriptome and protein analyses showed fourfold induction of type III carbonic anhydrase in a kidney-specific manner in the knockout mice located in scattered PT cells. Kidney-specific carbonic anhydrase type III (CAIII) upregulation was confirmed in other mice lacking the multiligand receptor megalin and in a patient with Dent's disease due to an inactivating CLCN5 mutation. The type III enzyme was specifically detected in the urine of mice lacking ClC-5 or megalin, patients with Dent's disease, and in PT cell lines exposed to oxidative stress. Our study shows that lack of PT ClC-5 in mice and men is associated with CAIII induction, increased cell proliferation, and oxidative stress.
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5
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Ronchi VP, Conde RD, Guillemot JC, Sanllorenti PM. The mouse liver content of carbonic anhydrase III and glutathione S-tranferases A3 and P1 depend on dietary supply of methionine and cysteine. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2005; 36:1993-2004. [PMID: 15203113 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2003] [Revised: 02/20/2004] [Accepted: 02/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The contents of glutathione S-transferase (GST) subunits, carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and a 230 kDa protein are affected by protein deprivation in mouse liver. In order to know if particular amino acids control these contents, the effects of feeding for 5 days with diets containing different amino acids were examined. After an exploration using SDS-PAGE analysis, the action of selected diets was further examined by distinct techniques. The 230 kDa protein was identified as fatty acid synthase (FAS) by both mass spectrometry and amino acid sequence analyses. Dietary tests showed that: (1) a protein-free diet (PFD) increased the content of glutathione S-transferases P1 and M1, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, while the content of glutathione S-transferase A3, fatty acid synthase and carbonic anhydrase III decreased; (2) a protein-free diet having either methionine or cysteine preserved the normal contents of glutathione S-transferases P1, A3, M1 and carbonic anydrase III; (3) a protein-free diet having threonine preserved partially the normal contents of glutathione S-transferases P1, A3, M1 and carbonic anhydrase III; (4) a protein-free diet having methionine, threonine and cysteine prevented in part the loss of fatty acid synthase; and (5) the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase content was controlled by increased carbohydrate level and/or by lower amino acid content of diets, but not by any specific amino acid. These data indicate that methionine and cysteine exert a main role on the control of liver glutathione S-transferases A3 and P1, and carbonic anhydrase III. Thus, they emerge necessary to prevent unsafe alterations of liver metabolism caused by protein deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Paola Ronchi
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, C.C. 1245, B7600GTQ Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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6
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LIU YG, XIONG YZ, DENG CY. Isolation, Sequence Analysis and Expression Profile of a Novel Swine Gene Differentially Expressed in the Longissimus Dorsi Muscle Tissues from LandracexLarge White Cross-combination. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2005.00028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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7
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Larose M, St-Amand J, Yoshioka M, Belleau P, Morissette J, Labrie C, Raymond V, Labrie F. Transcriptome of mouse uterus by serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE): Comparison with skeletal muscle. Mol Reprod Dev 2004; 68:142-8. [PMID: 15095334 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the transcriptome of the normal mouse uterus by Serial Analysis of Gene Expression method. mRNA was extracted from the uterus and also from the gastrocnemius muscle of mice. Short sequences (tags), each one usually corresponding to a distinct transcript, were isolated and concatemerized into long DNA molecules which were cloned and sequenced. We detected 44,484 tags for the uterus and 42,518 tags for the muscle, representing 14,543 and 14,958 potential transcript species, respectively. Seventy-five and sixty-nine genes were expressed at more than 0.1%, thus corresponding to 37 and 34% of the mRNA population detected in the respective tissues. In both cases, the most highly expressed genes are especially involved in muscle contraction, energy metabolism, and protein synthesis. Compared to skeletal muscle, some differentially expressed genes in the uterus are likely to correspond to its specific reproductive functions. The majority of these genes remain to be characterized. More than 70% of the different tags detected in the uterus did not match any sequence in the public databases and can represent novel or poorly identified genes. This study is the first quantitative description of the transcriptome of the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Larose
- Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Laval University Medical Center, 2705 Boulevard Laurier-BlocT, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
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8
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Abstract
Cytosolic carbonic anhydrases CAI, CAII, and CAIII from liver, and CAII, and CAIII from muscle of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were purified to homogeneity. CAIII from liver and muscle had the same amino acid composition and were immunochemically similar. Their kinetic properties at 0 degrees C were also similar. Km(CO2) was 4 mM and kcat 3x105 s(-1). Ki was 0.4 and 0.2 M for acetazolamide and NaCl, respectively. Both CAIIIs ran as single bands on SDS-electrophoresis and high-speed centrifugation, with a mol wt of 29.3 kDa. Their hydrodynamic properties suggest that CAIII is a compact, nearly spherical molecule. It contained 0.9 M zinc per M protein. In both tissues isoelectric focusing identified neutral and acidic isoforms with pIs near 7.0 and 6.3, respectively. These forms were immunologically identical and had the same amino acid composition and mol wts. The acidic forms probably represent subspecies of CAIII in different states of oxidation. CAIII is the major soluble protein in rat liver and muscle. Its function is probably to protect proteins of these tissues from oxidation catalyzed by iron-containing degradation products of haemoglobin and myoglobin. Liver CAI and CAII and muscle CAII were identical to CAI and CAII of rat erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per J Wistrand
- Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden.
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hewett-Emmett
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77225-0334, USA
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10
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Kim G, Lee T, Wynshaw-Boris A, Levine RL. Nucleotide sequence and structure of the mouse carbonic anhydrase III gene. Gene 2001; 265:37-44. [PMID: 11255005 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(01)00355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
At least 14 distinct isozymes of carbonic anhydrase have been identified in mammals. These enzymes catalyze the hydration of carbon dioxide and are essential for regulation of cellular pH and carbon dioxide transport. Carbonic anhydrase III is highly expressed in certain tissues, including muscle and fat where it constitutes up to 25% of the soluble protein. We cloned a cDNA encoding mouse carbonic anhydrase III. This cDNA contains 1653 bp, consisting of 79 bp in the 5' UTR, a 780 bp open reading frame, and 794 bp of the 3' UTR, including two potential polyadenylation signals. Fluorescent in situ hybridization confirmed the existence of a single copy of the gene on chromosome 3. We then isolated the genomic DNA for mouse carbonic anhydrase III and analyzed its structure. The gene consists of seven exons and six introns which span 10.5 kb. The 5' flanking region of the genomic DNA is notable for a pyrimidine rich region consisting of two dinucleotide repeats containing 23 and 20 TC pairs separated by the same 15 bp spacer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 20892-0320, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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11
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Carter N, Lönnerholm G, Meyerson B, Wistrand P. Androgen-linked control of carbonic anhydrase III expression occurs in rat perivenous hepatocytes; an immunocytochemical study. Ups J Med Sci 2001; 106:67-76. [PMID: 11817565 DOI: 10.3109/2000-1967-174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes CAII and CAIII were assayed by a radioimmunosorbent technique in liver cytosolic fractions and in isolated hepatocytes of adult male and female rats. Male livers contained 0.16 mg of CAII and 57 mg of CAIII per g cytosolic protein. Corresponding values for female livers were 0.34 mg CAII and 4 mg CAIII. Similar values and differences between CAII and III were found in isolated hepatocytes. Neonatal and adult castration of males reduced the CAIII levels to those of the females. Treatment with testosterone for three weeks restored the copulatory behaviour in the males castrated at adult age, but restored only partially the levels of CAIII. No significant effects of the endocrine manipulations were seen on CAII. Oophorectomy, with or without testosterone substitution, had no significant effect on CAII and CAIII levels in female rats. Immunohistochemistry and histochemistry showed that the regulation of CAIII is confined to perivenous hepatocytes. CAIII can therefore serve as a useful marker in the separation of these cells. CAIII appears to belong to the proteins and enzymes of the rat liver, known to be regulated via the hypothalamo-pituitary-liver axis. It may be used as a model of gene regulation in perivenous hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Carter
- Medical Genetics Unit, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Ikeda M, Ishii Y, Kato H, Akazawa D, Hatsumura M, Ishida T, Matsusue K, Yamada H, Oguri K. Suppression of carbonic anhydrase III in rat liver by a dioxin-related toxic compound, coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl, 3, 3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl. Arch Biochem Biophys 2000; 380:159-64. [PMID: 10900145 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.2000.1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl, 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PenCB), significantly suppresses the expression of rat liver carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII), an enzyme which has recently been suggested to prevent from H(2)O(2)-inducible apoptosis. Marked changes in the CAIII levels of liver cytosol were observed in rats following doses of PenCB ranging from 0.5 to 25 mg/kg body weight and maximum suppression was observed at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Northern analysis revealed that the level of CAIII mRNA in rat liver was dramatically reduced by PenCB treatment while only weak suppression was observed in pair-fed controls. Two AU-rich elements, considered as a destabilizing signal of mRNA, were found in the 3'-untranslated region of CAIII sequenced after reverse transcription-PCR and 3'-rapid amplification of the cDNA end. Dramatic decrease of CAIII in rat liver by PenCB could account for the suppression of the defense system for oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ikeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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13
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Harris JM, Morgan JE, Rosenblatt JD, Peckham M, Edwards YH, Partridge TA, Porter AC. Forced MyHCIIB expression following targeted genetic manipulation of conditionally immortalized muscle precursor cells. Exp Cell Res 1999; 253:523-32. [PMID: 10585276 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1999.4703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability to carry out gene targeting in somatic stem cells while maintaining their stem cell characteristics would have important implications for gene therapy and for the analysis of gene function. Using mouse myoblasts, we have explored this possibility by attempting to alter the promoter of a myosin heavy chain gene (MyHCIIB) characteristic of physiologically "fast" muscle so as to force its unscheduled expression in physiologically "slow" muscle fibers. Conditionally immortalized muscle precursor cells were transfected with a gene targeting construct designed to replace the MyHCIIB promoter with that for the carbonic anhydrase III gene (CAIII), which is highly expressed in slow muscle. A potentially targeted clone was isolated and differentiated in culture to form myotubes which expressed MyHCIIB. Cells from the same clone were injected into both slow and fast muscle of host mice, where they contributed to fiber formation. In slow muscle, the fibers derived from this clone did not express MyHCIIB; this may reflect an instability of the targeted MyHCIIB locus and/or a failure of the hybrid promoter to function in slow fibers in vivo. Nonetheless, we have demonstrated that a "promoter knock-in" gene targeting procedure can be used to generate unique MyHCIIB-expressing myotubes in culture and that conditionally immortalized myoblasts can be subjected to extensive passaging and genetic manipulation without losing their ability to form fibers in culture and in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Line, Transformed/chemistry
- Cell Line, Transformed/cytology
- Cloning, Molecular/methods
- Gene Expression/physiology
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Mice
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/chemistry
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/cytology
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/chemistry
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Mutagenesis, Insertional/physiology
- Myosin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Plasmids
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/physiology
- Stem Cells/chemistry
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Harris
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 ONN, United Kingdom
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Sowden J, Smith H, Morrison K, Edwards Y. Sequence comparisons and functional studies of the proximal promoter of the carbonic anhydrase 3 (CA3) gene. Gene X 1998; 214:157-65. [PMID: 9651514 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(98)00201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase 3 (CA3) is a member of a gene family encoding proteins which catalyse the hydration of CO2 to generate protons and bicarbonate ions for cellular ion transport and pH homeostasis. In mouse embryos CA3 is expressed at high levels in notochord and skeletal muscle and here we demonstrate that this pattern of expression is the same in the developing human embryo. To investigate mechanisms controlling CA3 transcription, we have isolated and compared 2.8kb of sequence flanking exon 1 from the mouse and human genes. Several segments of high sequence identity >80% have been identified, the longest segments of which represent a proximal promoter region and a putative enhancer element. We have shown previously that in cultured cells the human 2.8kb promoter region imposes high level myogenic specific transcription of a reporter gene. However, we now show that while this promoter region directed muscle-specific expression in transgenic mouse embryos this was subject to position effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sowden
- MRC Human Biochemical Genetics Unit, University College London, Wolfson House, 4 Stephenson Way, London, NW1 2HE, UK
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15
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Grimes A, Paynter J, Walker ID, Bhave M, Mercer JF. Decreased carbonic anhydrase III levels in the liver of the mouse mutant 'toxic milk' (tx) due to copper accumulation. Biochem J 1997; 321 ( Pt 2):341-6. [PMID: 9020864 PMCID: PMC1218074 DOI: 10.1042/bj3210341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The mouse mutant 'toxic milk' (tx) is characterized by marked hepatic accumulation of copper, similar to that found in patients with the genetic disorder of copper transport, Wilson disease. In addition, lactating tx females produce copper-deficient milk. To characterize further the biochemical basis of this defect, Western blots of tissue extracts from normal and tx mice were probed with various heavy-metal radioisotopes (63Ni. 65Zn and 64Cu). A 30 kDa Ni/Zn-binding polypeptide was found to be markedly decreased in the livers of the tx mice. This protein was isolated from normal adult mice using a procedure based on Ni-chelation chromatography. The amino acid sequences of two CNBr peptides were identical with portions of the mouse skeletal muscle carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) sequence. Two other peptides sequenced had closely related sequences to that of CAIII, but with two differences in 45 amino acids. These two peptides may be derived from a novel CAIII isoform, which we term CAIIIB to distinguish it from the published form, CAIIIA. We isolated a cDNA clone corresponding to CAIIIA and used this to show that CAIIIA mRNA was also decreased in the mutant liver, but not in muscle. Copper loading of normal mice also decreased hepatic CAIIIA mRNA, suggesting that the decrease in CAIII mRNA in the tx mouse liver is a secondary consequence of the high copper levels in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grimes
- Scobie and Claire Mackinnon Trace Element Group, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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16
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Heck R, Tanhauser S, Manda R, Tu C, Laipis P, Silverman D. Catalytic properties of mouse carbonic anhydrase V. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)31454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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17
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Abstract
The three-dimensional structure of bovine carbonic anhydrase III (BCA III) from red skeletal muscle cells has been determined by molecular replacement methods. The structure has been refined at 2.0 A resolution by both constrained and restrained structure-factor least squares refinement. The current crystallographic R-value is 19.2% and 121 solvent molecules have so far been found associated with the protein. The structure is highly similar to the refined structure of human carbonic anhydrase II. Some differences in amino acid sequence and structure between the two isoenzymes are discussed. In BCA III, Lys 64 and Arg 91 (His 64 and Ile 91 in HCA II) are both pointing out from the active site cavity forming salt bridges with Glu 4 and Asp 72 (His 4 and Asp 72 in HCA II), respectively. However, Arg 67 and Phe 198 (Asn 67 and Leu 198 in HCA II) are oriented towards the zinc ion and significantly reduce the volume of the active site cavity. Phe 198 particularly reduces the size of the substrate binding region at the "deep water" position at the bottom of the cavity and we suggest that this is one of the major reasons for the differences in catalytic properties of isoenzyme III as compared to isozyme II.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Eriksson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Tashian
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109
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19
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Stolle CA, McGowan MH, Heim RA, Varia M, Neubauer JA. Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding rat brain carbonic anhydrase II and its deduced amino acid sequence. Gene 1991; 109:265-7. [PMID: 1765271 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(91)90619-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A carbonic anhydrase II (CAII)-encoding cDNA clone was isolated from a rat brain lambda gt11 library. The 1459-bp cDNA codes for 260 amino acids with sequence similarity to mouse and human CAII and hybridizes to a single 1.7-kb mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Stolle
- Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick 08903
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20
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Tweedie S, Morrison K, Charlton J, Edwards YH. CAIII a marker for early myogenesis: analysis of expression in cultured myogenic cells. SOMATIC CELL AND MOLECULAR GENETICS 1991; 17:215-28. [PMID: 1904630 DOI: 10.1007/bf01232818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) is an abundant muscle protein characteristic of adult type-1, slow-twitch, muscle fibers. We demonstrate that CAIII is not confined to mature muscle but is also expressed in cultured myogenic cells that were originally derived from adult and fetal limb muscle (G8 and C2C12) and by azacytidine treatment of 10T1/2 fibroblasts (23A2). Transcripts may accumulate in these cells to levels that correspond to 6.5% of that found in mature muscle. CAIII is expressed in mononucleate myoblasts and is abundant in those that preferentially fuse to form myotubes, and these findings contrast with those for many other muscle genes whose transcripts only accumulate on or after terminal differentiation. Preliminary promoter-function assays by transfection shows that 2.8 kb of sequence flanking the 5' end of the human CAIII gene efficiently promotes transcription of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene in myogenic cells. However, none of the sequences within this region are sufficient to confer muscle-specific expression. Removal of sequences 5' to -715 bp leads to a major loss of transcriptional activity of the CAIII promoter. These results imply that the proximal CAIII promoter, which includes a putative CArG box and four potential MyoD binding sites, is not adequate for either myoblast-specific or maximal transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tweedie
- MRC Human Biochemical Genetics Unit, Galton Laboratory, London, U.K
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Beechey C, Tweedie S, Spurr N, Ball S, Peters J, Edwards Y. Mapping of mouse carbonic anhydrase-3, Car-3: another locus in the homologous region of mouse chromosome 3 and human chromosome 8. Genomics 1990; 6:692-6. [PMID: 2111277 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(90)90506-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
At least six separate genes determining tissue- and organelle-specific isoforms of carbonic anhydrase are known. We have determined the chromosome location of one of these genes, carbonic anhydrase-3 (Car-3), in the mouse and carried out a linkage analysis of Car-1, Car-2, and Car-3. Car-3 has been assigned to band 3A2 by in situ hybridization. We identified a PstI restriction fragment length polymorphism between Mus spretus and Mus mus domesticus and, by using an interspecific backcross, showed that Car-3 is 2.4 +/- 1.7% SE from both Car-1 and Car-2, calculating genetic distance as percentage recombination. No recombinants were found between Car-1 and Car-2 in 100 backcross offspring, and when these data are combined with earlier results, these two loci are estimated to be 1.2 cM from each other at the 95% confidence interval. The three homologous carbonic anhydrase loci in man had earlier been assigned to 8q22, and the finding of linkage of Car-3 to Car-1 and Car-2 in the mouse adds another locus to the conserved segments on mouse chromosome 3 and human chromosome 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Beechey
- MRC Radiobiology Unit, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
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