Comparative single dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics of bevantolol in young and elderly subjects

Determination of bevantolol in human plasma using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a bioequivalence study

A liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated for the determination of bevantolol in human plasma using propranolol as the internal standard. The optimal chromatographic behavior of bevantolol and propranolol was achieved on a Welch Ultimate XB-C18 column (5 μm, 150 mm × 2.1mm, Maryland, USA) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (40:60, v/v) containing 10mM ammonium acetate and 0.1% formic acid. The mass spectrometer was operated in selected reaction monitoring mode using the transition m/z 346.1>165.1 for bevantolol and m/z 260.3>116.1 for propranolol. Sample preparation was carried out through protein precipitation with acetonitrile. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 5.00-1,000 ng/ml. The intra- and inter-day precisions were less than 6.7% and 6.6%, respectively. This method was successfully applied to the bioequivalence study of two kinds of bevantolol hydrochloride tablets in 24 Chinese male volunteers in fasting and postprandial experiment.

Determination of bevantolol in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography using solid phase extraction technique

A method was developed and fully validated for the determination of bevantolol, an adrenergic-receptor blocker, in human plasma. Bevantolol and betaxolol as internal standard (I.S) were extracted from 1 mL of human plasma by solid phase extraction technique using Sep-pak silica cartridge. Chromatographic separation was accomplished under isocratic conditions using a reverse-phase C8 analytical column and mixture of dibasic ammonium phosphate (pH 5.7; 50 mM)-acetonitrile (75:25, v/v) as mobile phase, with a detection wavelength at 220 nm. The method was proved to be specific by testing six different human plasma sources. Linearity was established for the concentration ranges of 40-1600 ng/mL with correlation coefficent of 0.9995. The lower limit of quantification 40 ng/mL with precision of 10.9% as C.V%.

Determination of bevantolol enantiomers in human plasma by coupled achiral–chiral high performance-liquid chromatography

A coupled achiral-chiral high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and fully validated for the determination of bevantolol enantiomers, (-)-(S)-bevantolol and (+)-(R)-bevantolol, in human plasma. Plasma samples were prepared by solid phase extraction with Sep-Pak Plus C18 cartridges followed by HPLC. Bevantolol enantiomers and (+)-(R)-Propranolol as internal standard (IS) were preseparated from interfering components in plasma on a Phenomenex silica column and bevantolol enantiomers and IS were resolved and determined on a Chiralcel OJ-H chiral stationary phase. The two columns were connected by a switching valve equipped with silica precolumn. The Precolumn was used to concentrate bevantolol in the eluent from the achiral column before back flushing onto chiral phase. A detailed validation of the method was performed accordingly to FDA guidelines. For each enantiomer the assay was linear between 20 and 1600 ng/ml. The quantification limits of both bevantolol enantiomers were 20 ng/ml. The intraday variation was between 1.07 and 12.64% in relation to the measured concentration and the interday variation was 0.91 and 11.79%. The method has been applied to the determination of (-)-(S)- and (+)-(R)-bevantolol in plasma from healthy volunteers dosed with racemic bevantolol hydrochloride.

The use of electron impact and positive chemical ionization mass spectrometry in the screening of beta blockers and their metabolites in human urine

The use of several mass spectrometry technologies including electron impact (EI) and positive chemical ionization (CI) in both full-scan and multiple ion detection (MID) analysis for the urine analysis of several beta blockers and metabolites has been investigated. These drugs were extracted using an alkaline solid-phase extraction procedure and identified as their respective trimethylsilyl-trifluoroacetyl (TMS-TFA) derivatives on capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Isobutane proved to be the preferred reagent gas for the positive CI mass spectrometry of TMS-TFA derivatives of beta blockers, in comparison with others, such as methanol, ammonia and methane, since mass spectra with little fragmentation and abundant ions at high mass were obtained. By combining EI mass spectrometry and isobutane positive CI mass spectrometry using the ion trap detector, the identities of the main co-extracted metabolites were confirmed. Absolute detection limits were 0.15 ng for full-scan analysis (EI as well as positive CI mass spectrometry) and 0.08 ng for MID analysis (EI as well as CI mass spectrometry). The detection times of beta blockers in human urine were at least two- to three-fold the elimination half-life of these drugs. The analytical potential of the above mass spectrometric techniques has been discussed.

Bevantolol vs propranolol: a double-blind controlled trial in essential hypertension

Bevantolol is a novel beta 1-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist. The Study Group evaluated its therapeutic utility (100-300 mg bid) compared with propranolol (80-240 mg bid) in 266 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension (WHO Grades I and II, sitting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) greater than or equal to 95 mmHg). There was no difference in their antihypertensive efficacy over six months, 77% being controlled (DBP less than or equal to 90 mmHg) on bevantolol and 81% on propranolol. Hydrochlorothiazide 25-50 mg bid added later improved BP control in those incompletely controlled on bevantolol monotherapy. Both beta-adrenoceptor antagonists also reduced intraocular pressure. Bevantolol caused significantly fewer adverse effects than propranolol with many fewer withdrawals during long-term therapy. This unique clinical pharmacologic profile of bevantolol enhances its therapeutic usefulness and may relate to alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist activity, as well as to its beta 1-selectivity.

Bevantolol. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy in hypertension and angina pectoris

Bevantolol is a new beta-adrenoceptor antagonist which possesses a relatively high degree of selectivity for beta 1-adrenoceptors. It is devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and possesses only weak local anaesthetic properties. Interestingly, bevantolol has been shown to cause a lowering effect on peripheral vascular resistance. Available clinical data indicate that bevantolol, given once or twice daily, is an effective agent in the management of mild to moderate hypertension and stable angina pectoris. In hypertension bevantolol has been shown to be of comparable therapeutic efficacy to both atenolol and propranolol, while in patients with angina pectoris the drug compared favourably with atenolol. During short and long term administration bevantolol has been well tolerated and few patients have withdrawn from treatment because of adverse effects. However, although the properties of bevantolol may offer theoretical advantages in some patients, only a few comparative studies have been reported, and thus it is presently unclear what advantages bevantolol may offer over existing treatments for hypertension or angina pectoris.