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Zribi I, Ghorbel M, Jrad O, Masmoudi K, Brini F. The wheat pathogenesis-related protein (TdPR1.2) enhanced tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. PROTOPLASMA 2024:10.1007/s00709-024-01955-w. [PMID: 38687397 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-01955-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
In plants, the pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins have been identified as important regulators of biotic and abiotic stresses. PR proteins branch out into 19 different classes (PR1-PR19). Basically, all PR proteins display a well-established method of action, with the notable exception of PR1, which is a member of a large superfamily of proteins with a common CAP domain. We have previously isolated and characterized the first PR1 from durum wheat, called TdPR-1.2. In the current research work, TdPR1.2 gene was used to highlight its functional activities under various abiotic (sodium chloride (100 mM NaCl) and oxidative stresses (3 mM H2O2), hormonal salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA), and abiotic stresses (Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria solani). Enhancement survival index was detected in Arabidopsis transgenic plants expressing TdPR1.2 gene. Moreover, quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated induction of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). It equally revealed a decrease of malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in transgenic Arabidopsis plants compared to control lines, confirming the role of TdPR1.2 in terms of alleviating biotic and abiotic stresses in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Eventually, RT-qPCR results showed a higher expression of biotic stress-related genes (PR1 and PDF1.2) in addition to a downregulation of the wound-related gene (LOX3 and VSP2) in transgenic lines treated with jasmonic acid (JA). Notably, these findings provide evidence for the outstanding functions of PR1.2 from durum wheat which can be further invested to boost tolerance in crop plants to abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Zribi
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP "1177" 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Ghorbel
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, 81451, Ha'il City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olfa Jrad
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP "1177" 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Masmoudi
- College of Food and Agriculture, Arid Land Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Faiçal Brini
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP "1177" 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Lovatto M, Vidigal Filho PS, Gonçalves-Vidigal MC, Vaz Bisneta M, Calvi AC, Gilio TAS, Nascimento EA, Melotto M. Alterations in Gene Expression during Incompatible Interaction between Amendoim Cavalo Common Bean and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1245. [PMID: 38732460 PMCID: PMC11085365 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, poses a significant and widespread threat to the common bean crop. The use of plant genetic resistance has proven to be the most effective strategy for managing anthracnose disease. The Amendoim Cavalo (AC) Andean cultivar has resistance against multiple races of C. lindemuthianum, which is conferred by the Co-AC gene. Fine mapping of this resistance gene to common bean chromosome Pv01 enabled the identification of Phvul.001G244300, Phvul.001G244400, and Phvul.001G244500 candidate genes for further validation. In this study, the relative expression of Co-AC candidate genes was assessed, as well as other putative genes in the vicinity of this locus and known resistance genes, in the AC cultivar following inoculation with the race 73 of C. lindemuthianum. Gene expression analysis revealed significantly higher expression levels of Phvul.001G244500. Notably, Phvul.001G244500 encodes a putative Basic Helix-Loop-Helix transcription factor, suggesting its involvement in the regulation of defense responses. Furthermore, a significant modulation of the expression of defense-related genes PR1a, PR1b, and PR2 was observed in a time-course experiment. These findings contribute to the development of improved strategies for breeding anthracnose-resistant common bean cultivars, thereby mitigating the impact of this pathogen on crop yields and ensuring sustainable bean production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Lovatto
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mariana Vaz Bisneta
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Catto Calvi
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo A. Nascimento
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Maeli Melotto
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Lopes NDS, Santos AS, de Novais DPS, Pirovani CP, Micheli F. Pathogenesis-related protein 10 in resistance to biotic stress: progress in elucidating functions, regulation and modes of action. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1193873. [PMID: 37469770 PMCID: PMC10352611 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1193873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The Family of pathogenesis-related proteins 10 (PR-10) is widely distributed in the plant kingdom. PR-10 are multifunctional proteins, constitutively expressed in all plant tissues, playing a role in growth and development or being induced in stress situations. Several studies have investigated the preponderant role of PR-10 in plant defense against biotic stresses; however, little is known about the mechanisms of action of these proteins. This is the first systematic review conducted to gather information on the subject and to reveal the possible mechanisms of action that PR-10 perform. Methods Therefore, three databases were used for the article search: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. To avoid bias, a protocol with inclusion and exclusion criteria was prepared. In total, 216 articles related to the proposed objective of this study were selected. Results The participation of PR-10 was revealed in the plant's defense against several stressor agents such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, nematodes and insects, and studies involving fungi and bacteria were predominant in the selected articles. Studies with combined techniques showed a compilation of relevant information about PR-10 in biotic stress that collaborate with the understanding of the mechanisms of action of these molecules. The up-regulation of PR-10 was predominant under different conditions of biotic stress, in addition to being more expressive in resistant varieties both at the transcriptional and translational level. Discussion Biological models that have been proposed reveal an intrinsic network of molecular interactions involving the modes of action of PR-10. These include hormonal pathways, transcription factors, physical interactions with effector proteins or pattern recognition receptors and other molecules involved with the plant's defense system. Conclusion The molecular networks involving PR-10 reveal how the plant's defense response is mediated, either to trigger susceptibility or, based on data systematized in this review, more frequently, to have plant resistance to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha dos Santos Lopes
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ariana Silva Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Diogo Pereira Silva de Novais
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Priminho Pirovani
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabienne Micheli
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus-Bahia, Brazil
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Unité Mixte de Recherche Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes Meditérranéennes et Tropicales (UMR AGAP Institut), Montpellier, France
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Alvarez-Diaz JC, Laugé R, Delannoy E, Huguet S, Paysant-Le Roux C, Gratias A, Geffroy V. Genome-Wide Transcriptomic Analysis of the Effects of Infection with the Hemibiotrophic Fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum on Common Bean. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11151995. [PMID: 35956473 PMCID: PMC9370732 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bean anthracnose caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is one of the most important diseases of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in the world. In the present study, the whole transcriptome of common bean infected with C. lindemuthianum during compatible and incompatible interactions was characterized at 48 and 72 hpi, corresponding to the biotrophy phase of the infection cycle. Our results highlight the prominent role of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes from the PR10/Bet vI family as well as a complex interplay of different plant hormone pathways including Ethylene, Salicylic acid (SA) and Jasmonic acid pathways. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis reveals that infected common bean seedlings responded by down-regulation of photosynthesis, ubiquitination-mediated proteolysis and cell wall modifications. In infected common bean, SA biosynthesis seems to be based on the PAL pathway instead of the ICS pathway, contrarily to what is described in Arabidopsis. Interestingly, ~30 NLR were up-regulated in both contexts. Overall, our results suggest that the difference between the compatible and incompatible reaction is more a question of timing and strength, than a massive difference in differentially expressed genes between these two contexts. Finally, we used RT-qPCR to validate the expression patterns of several genes, and the results showed an excellent agreement with deep sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Alvarez-Diaz
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France; (J.C.A.-D.); (E.D.); (S.H.); (C.P.-L.R.); (A.G.)
- Université Paris-Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Richard Laugé
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE UR 1290 BIOGER, Av. Lucien Bretignières, BP 01, 78850 Thiverval Grignon, France;
| | - Etienne Delannoy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France; (J.C.A.-D.); (E.D.); (S.H.); (C.P.-L.R.); (A.G.)
- Université Paris-Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Stéphanie Huguet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France; (J.C.A.-D.); (E.D.); (S.H.); (C.P.-L.R.); (A.G.)
- Université Paris-Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Christine Paysant-Le Roux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France; (J.C.A.-D.); (E.D.); (S.H.); (C.P.-L.R.); (A.G.)
- Université Paris-Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Ariane Gratias
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France; (J.C.A.-D.); (E.D.); (S.H.); (C.P.-L.R.); (A.G.)
- Université Paris-Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Valérie Geffroy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France; (J.C.A.-D.); (E.D.); (S.H.); (C.P.-L.R.); (A.G.)
- Université Paris-Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-69-15-33-65
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Zhang Q, Xu C, Wei H, Fan W, Li T. Two pathogenesis-related proteins interact with leucine-rich repeat proteins to promote Alternaria leaf spot resistance in apple. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:219. [PMID: 34593778 PMCID: PMC8484663 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Alternaria leaf spot in apple (Malus x domestica), caused by the fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata f. sp. mali (also called A. mali), is a devastating disease resulting in substantial economic losses. We previously established that the resistance (R) protein MdRNL2, containing a coiled-coil, nucleotide-binding, and leucine-rich repeat (CCR-NB-LRR) domain, interacts with another CCR-NB-LRR protein, MdRNL6, to form a MdRNL2-MdRNL6 complex that confers resistance to A. mali. Here, to investigate the function of the MdRNL2-MdRNL6 complex, we identified two novel pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, MdPR10-1 and MdPR10-2, that interact with MdRNL2. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays confirmed that MdPR10-1 and MdPR10-2 interact with MdRNL2 and MdRNL6 at the leucine-rich repeat domain. Transient expression assays demonstrated that accumulation of MdPR10-1 and MdPR10-2 enhanced the resistance of apple to four strains of A. mali that we tested: ALT1, GBYB2, BXSB5, and BXSB7. In vitro antifungal activity assays demonstrated that both the proteins contribute to Alternaria leaf spot resistance by inhibiting fungal growth. Our data provide evidence for a novel regulatory mechanism in which MdRNL2 and MdRNL6 interact with MdPR10-1 and MdPR10-2 to inhibit fungal growth, thereby contributing to Alternaria leaf spot resistance in apple. The identification of these two novel PR proteins will facilitate breeding for fungal disease resistance in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulei Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chaoran Xu
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haiyang Wei
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenqi Fan
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianzhong Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Chruszcz M, Chew FT, Hoffmann‐Sommergruber K, Hurlburt BK, Mueller GA, Pomés A, Rouvinen J, Villalba M, Wöhrl BM, Breiteneder H. Allergens and their associated small molecule ligands-their dual role in sensitization. Allergy 2021; 76:2367-2382. [PMID: 33866585 PMCID: PMC8286345 DOI: 10.1111/all.14861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many allergens feature hydrophobic cavities that allow the binding of primarily hydrophobic small‐molecule ligands. Ligand‐binding specificities can be strict or promiscuous. Serum albumins from mammals and birds can assume multiple conformations that facilitate the binding of a broad spectrum of compounds. Pollen and plant food allergens of the family 10 of pathogenesis‐related proteins bind a variety of small molecules such as glycosylated flavonoid derivatives, flavonoids, cytokinins, and steroids in vitro. However, their natural ligand binding was reported to be highly specific. Insect and mammalian lipocalins transport odorants, pheromones, catecholamines, and fatty acids with a similar level of specificity, while the food allergen β‐lactoglobulin from cow's milk is notably more promiscuous. Non‐specific lipid transfer proteins from pollen and plant foods bind a wide variety of lipids, from phospholipids to fatty acids, as well as sterols and prostaglandin B2, aided by the high plasticity and flexibility displayed by their lipid‐binding cavities. Ligands increase the stability of allergens to thermal and/or proteolytic degradation. They can also act as immunomodulatory agents that favor a Th2 polarization. In summary, ligand‐binding allergens expose the immune system to a variety of biologically active compounds whose impact on the sensitization process has not been well studied thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksymilian Chruszcz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Karin Hoffmann‐Sommergruber
- Division of Medical Biotechnology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Barry K. Hurlburt
- Agricultural Research Service Southern Regional Research Center US Department of Agriculture New Orleans LA USA
| | - Geoffrey A. Mueller
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Institutes of Health Research Triangle Park NC USA
| | - Anna Pomés
- Indoor Biotechnologies, Inc. Charlottesville VA USA
| | - Juha Rouvinen
- Department of Chemistry University of Eastern Finland Joensuu Finland
| | - Mayte Villalba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | | | - Heimo Breiteneder
- Division of Medical Biotechnology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
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Identification of a natural ligand of the hazel allergen Cor a 1. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8714. [PMID: 31213622 PMCID: PMC6582051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44999-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hazelnut is one of the most frequent causes of food allergy. The major hazel allergen in Northern Europe is Cor a 1, which is homologous to the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. Both allergens belong to the pathogenesis related class PR-10. We determined the solution structure of Cor a 1.0401 from hazelnut and identified a natural ligand of the protein. The structure reveals the protein fold characteristic for PR-10 family members, which consists of a seven-stranded antiparallel β-sheet, two short α-helices arranged in V-shape and a long C-terminal α-helix encompassing a hydrophobic pocket. However, despite the structural similarities between Cor a 1 and Bet v 1, they bind different ligands. We have shown previously that Bet v 1 binds to quercetin-3-O-sophoroside. Here, we isolated Cor a 1 from hazel pollen and identified the bound ligand, quercetin-3-O-(2"-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside, by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). NMR experiments were performed to confirm binding. Remarkably, although it has been shown that PR-10 allergens show promiscuous binding behaviour in vitro, we can demonstrate that Cor a 1.0401 and Bet v 1.0101 exhibit highly selective binding for their specific ligand but not for the respective ligand of the other allergen.
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Dubey SC, Tripathi A, Tak R. Expression of defense-related genes in mung bean varieties in response to Trichoderma virens alone and in the presence of Rhizoctonia solani infection. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:432. [PMID: 30306001 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Web blight/wet root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the major constraints for mung bean (Vigna radiata) production. Growing of resistant varieties and use of biocontrol agents are the feasible options available to manage the disease. The present study was conducted to determine the variation in the expression of various defense-related genes in susceptible and resistant mung bean varieties in response to biocontrol agent Trichoderma virens and R. solani interactions. The primers were designed using sequences of defense-related genes, namely PR 10, epoxide hydrolase (EH), catalase and calmodulin available in NCBI database and evaluated against cDNA obtained from both susceptible and resistant mung bean plants at 1-4 days post-inoculation (dpi) with the test pathogen R. solani and biocontrol agent T. virens using conventional PCR and qPCR analyses. R. solani inoculation upregulated the mean expression of PR 10 and calmodulin in susceptible and resistant varieties, respectively, whereas downregulated in the rest of the treatments. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that except catalase in the susceptible variety, which is downregulated, the expression of PR 10, EH, catalase and calmodulin was upregulated in both resistant and susceptible varieties in response to T. virens alone and in the presence of R. solani. In general, the expression of PR 10 and calmodulin was highest at 1 dpi whereas EH and catalase expression were maximum at 4 dpi. The application of T. virens suppressed the development of disease in the presence of R. solani in both susceptible and resistant varieties with more pronounced effect in resistant variety. Thus, the application of biocontrol agent T. virens upregulated the expression of defense-related genes and reduced disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil C Dubey
- 1Division of Plant Quarantine, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Aradhika Tripathi
- 2Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Rakesh Tak
- 2Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
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Franz-Oberdorf K, Eberlein B, Edelmann K, Bleicher P, Kurze E, Helm D, Olbricht K, Darsow U, Ring J, Schwab W. White-fruited strawberry genotypes are not per se hypoallergenic. Food Res Int 2017; 100:748-756. [PMID: 28873746 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The strawberry fruit Fra a 1-proteins are homologues of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 and have essential biological functions in pigment formation during fruit ripening. Patients affected by allergy against birch pollen tolerated fruits of a naturally occurring white-fruited F.×ananassa genotype, which showed reduced levels of Fra a 1 proteins along with enzymes of the anthocyanin pigment pathway. We evaluated the cross-reactive allergenic potential of a number of naturally occurring white- and red-fruited strawberry varieties to detect genotypes with low allergenic reactivity, whose fruit might be tolerated by patients with mild allergy. Protein extracts of 51 different strawberry varieties (Fragaria×ananassa, F. vesca, and F. nilgerensis) were screened by Western blot analysis with a polyclonal Fra a 1.02 antibody. Besides, activation of basophils of eight atopic patients allergic to birch pollen were studied using Bet v 1a and different concentrations of 15 selected strawberry protein extracts out of the 51 strawberry genotypes. Median percentages of activated basophils stimulated by extracts from white- and red-fruited genotypes ranged from 36 to 84% and 44 to 76%, respectively indicating that white-fruited strawberry are not per se hypoallergenic. Protein extracts from white-fruited F. vesca cv. Yellow Wonder showed the lowest cross-reactivity but high biological variability. The knowledge about the allergenic potential of different strawberry genotypes may help to improve food safety and can serve as starting point for the development of red-fruited hypoallergenic strawberry cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Franz-Oberdorf
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Bernadette Eberlein
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 München, Germany
| | - Kathrin Edelmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Philip Bleicher
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kurze
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Dominic Helm
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Klaus Olbricht
- The Strawberry Breeding Company Hansabred GmbH & Co. KG, Radeburger Landstr. 12, 01108 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulf Darsow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 München, Germany
| | - Johannes Ring
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 München, Germany
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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Abstract
White mold, caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is a major disease that limits common bean production and quality worldwide. The host-pathogen interaction is complex, with partial resistance in the host inherited as a quantitative trait with low to moderate heritability. Our objective was to identify meta-QTL conditioning partial resistance to white mold from individual QTL identified across multiple populations and environments. The physical positions for 37 individual QTL were identified across 14 recombinant inbred bi-parental populations (six new, three re-genotyped, and five from the literature). A meta-QTL analysis of the 37 QTL was conducted using the genetic linkage map of Stampede x Red Hawk population as the reference. The 37 QTL condensed into 17 named loci (12 previously named and five new) of which nine were defined as meta-QTL WM1.1, WM2.2, WM3.1, WM5.4, WM6.2, WM7.1, WM7.4, WM7.5, and WM8.3. The nine meta-QTL had confidence intervals ranging from 0.65 to 9.41 Mb. Candidate genes shown to express under S. sclerotiorum infection in other studies, including cell wall receptor kinase, COI1, ethylene responsive transcription factor, peroxidase, and MYB transcription factor, were found within the confidence interval for five of the meta-QTL. The nine meta-QTL are recommended as potential targets for MAS for partial resistance to white mold in common bean.
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Park S, Gupta R, Krishna R, Kim ST, Lee DY, Hwang DJ, Bae SC, Ahn IP. Proteome Analysis of Disease Resistance against Ralstonia solanacearum in Potato Cultivar CT206-10. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 32:25-32. [PMID: 26889112 PMCID: PMC4755672 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.05.2015.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Potato is one of the most important crops worldwide. Its commercial cultivars are highly susceptible to many fungal and bacterial diseases. Among these, bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum causes significant yield loss. In the present study, integrated proteomics and genomics approaches were used in order to identify bacterial wilt resistant genes from Rs resistance potato cultivar CT-206-10. 2-DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS analysis identified eight differentially abundant proteins including glycine-rich RNA binding protein (GRP), tomato stress induced-1 (TSI-1) protein, pathogenesis-related (STH-2) protein and pentatricopeptide repeat containing (PPR) protein in response to Rs infection. Further, semi-quantitative RT-PCR identified up-regulation in transcript levels of all these genes upon Rs infection. Taken together, our results showed the involvement of the identified proteins in the Rs stress tolerance in potato. In the future, it would be interesting to raise the transgenic plants to further validate their involvement in resistance against Rs in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangryeol Park
- Molecular Breeding Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500,
Korea
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-707,
Korea
| | - R. Krishna
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-707,
Korea
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-707,
Korea
| | - Dong Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701,
Korea
| | - Duk-ju Hwang
- Molecular Breeding Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500,
Korea
| | - Shin-Chul Bae
- Molecular Breeding Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500,
Korea
| | - Il-Pyung Ahn
- Molecular Breeding Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500,
Korea
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12
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Fan S, Jiang L, Wu J, Dong L, Cheng Q, Xu P, Zhang S. A Novel Pathogenesis-Related Class 10 Protein Gly m 4l, Increases Resistance upon Phytophthora sojae Infection in Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140364. [PMID: 26474489 PMCID: PMC4608668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean, caused by Phytophthora sojae (P. sojae), is a destructive disease in many soybean planting regions worldwide. In a previous study, an expressed sequence tag (EST) homolog of the major allergen Pru ar 1 in apricot (Prunus armeniaca) was identified up-regulated in the highly resistant soybean 'Suinong 10' infected with P. sojae. Here, the full length of the EST was isolated using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). It showed the highest homology of 53.46% with Gly m 4 after comparison with the eight soybean allergen families reported and was named Gly m 4-like (Gly m 4l, GenBank accession no. HQ913577.1). The cDNA full length of Gly m 4l was 707 bp containing a 474 bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 157 amino acids. Sequence analysis suggests that Gly m 4l contains a conserved 'P-loop' (phosphate-binding loop) motif at residues 47-55 aa and a Bet v 1 domain at residues 87-120 aa. The transcript abundance of Gly m 4l was significantly induced by P. sojae, salicylic acid (SA), NaCl, and also responded to methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) and ethylene (ET). The recombinant Gly m 4l protein showed RNase activity and displayed directly antimicrobial activity that inhibited hyphal growth and reduced zoospore release in P. sojae. Further analyses showed that the RNase activity of the recombinant protein to degrading tRNA was significantly affected in the presence of zeatin. Over-expression of Gly m 4l in susceptible 'Dongnong 50' soybean showed enhanced resistance to P. sojae. These results indicated that Gly m 4l protein played an important role in the defense of soybean against P. sojae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Fan
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangyu Jiang
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junjiang Wu
- Soybean Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Production Capacity Improvement in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lidong Dong
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun Cheng
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Wang L, Wei J, Zou Y, Xu K, Wang Y, Cui L, Xu Y. Molecular characteristics and biochemical functions of VpPR10s from Vitis pseudoreticulata associated with biotic and abiotic stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:19162-82. [PMID: 25340981 PMCID: PMC4227267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151019162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapes are one of the world's oldest and most important fruit crops. They are of high economic value in many countries, but the susceptibility of the dominant winegrape species Vitis vinifera to fungal disease is a significant problem. The Chinese wild grape species are a rich source of disease-resistance genes and these can be used to discover how disease resistance in V. vinifera grapevines might be enhanced. Pathogenesis-related (PR) 10 proteins are involved in the disease-response. Here, we use the genomic DNA of the Chinese wild species Vitis pseudoreticulata accession "Baihe-35-1" as the template to design specific primers based on VvPR10s sequences. We used overlap extension PCR to obtain the sequences: VpPR10.4, VpPR10.6, VpPR10.7 and VpPR10.9. The coding sequences of the VpPR10s were then cloned into the pGEX-4T-1 vector. The purified proteins VpPR10.4, VpPR10.6, VpPR10.7 and VpPR10.9 were used to analyse nuclease activity. Meanwhile, functional analysis of VpPR10s under different biotic and abiotic stresses was carried out to further clarify the disease-resistance mechanisms of the Chinese wild grapevine VpPR10 genes. The analysis of protein structure indicates that VpPR10.4 and VpPR10.7 had the P-loop domain and the Bet v 1 motif, which are a consistent feature of plant PR10. However, there was no P-loop domain or Bet v 1 motif in VpPR10.9 and we could not find the Bet v 1 motif in VpPR10.6. The results of the nuclease activity assay and of the functional analyses of VpPR10s under different biotic and abiotic stresses also confirm that VpPR10.4 and VpPR10.7 proteins have marked RNase, DNase, anti-fungal activities and respond to abiotic stresses. The VpPR10.6 and VpPR10.9 proteins do not have these activities and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jinyu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ying Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Keyao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yuejin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lu Cui
- College of Food Science Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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14
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Bai X, Long J, He X, Li S, Xu H. Molecular cloning and characterization of pathogenesis-related protein family 10 gene from spinach (SoPR10). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:780-6. [PMID: 25035979 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.910094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PR10 genes encode small, intracellular proteins that respond to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, a cDNA clone (designated as SoPR10, GenBank Accession No. KC142174) encoding a PR10 protein from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) was isolated and characterized. SoPR10 encoded a 161-amino acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 19.76 kDa and a pI of 4.61. Real-time quantitative analysis indicated that SoPR10 was constitutively expressed in root and shoot. The abundance of SoPR10 in salt-resistant cultivar (Chaoji) was generally greater than in salt-sensitive cultivar (Daye) under 160 mM L(-1) NO3(-) treatment for 0.5, 3, and 6 h. The expression of SoPR10 was also induced by other abiotic stresses including polyethylene glycol, NaCl, salicylic acid, and H2O2. Our results indicated that SoPR10 might play important roles under nitrate stress and other abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuegui Bai
- a Faculty of Life Science and Technology , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , China
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15
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Xu TF, Zhao XC, Jiao YT, Wei JY, Wang L, Xu Y. A pathogenesis related protein, VpPR-10.1, from Vitis pseudoreticulata: an insight of its mode of antifungal activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95102. [PMID: 24759805 PMCID: PMC3997386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, VpPR-10.1 was isolated and characterized from a cDNA library of a fungus-resistant accession of Chinese wild grape (Vitis pseudoreticulata). We found that expression of VpPR-10.1 is affected by the fungal pathogen Erysiphe necator. To investigate the biochemical basis of the nuclease activity of VpPR-10.1 and its role in antifungal resistance, we generated recombinant VpPR-10.1 as well as site-directed mutations targeting three conserved amino acid residues among plant PR-10 s: Lys55, Glu149, and Tyr151. We showed that wild-type recombinant VpPR-10.1 exhibits both RNase and DNase activities. Mutant VpPR10.1-Y151H essentially retained all these activities. In contrast, VpPR10.1-K55N, where Lys55 in the P-loop region is mutated to Asn, and VpPR10.1-E149G, where Glu149 is mutated to Gly, lost their nuclease activity, indicating that both residues play a critical role in catalyzing RNA and DNA degradation. Furthermore, VpPR10.1 and VpPR10.1-Y151H inhibited the growth of the cultured fungal pathogen Alternaria alternate. Through transient expression in grapevine, we also demonstrated that VpPR10.1-K55N and VpPR10.1-E149G compromised resistance to E. necator. Finally, we further found that VpPR-10.1 can lead to programmed cell death and DNA degradation when incubated with tobacco BY-2 suspension cells. We show here that Lys55 and Glu149, but not Tyr151, are required for the RNase, DNase and antifungal activities of VpPR-10.1. The strong correlation between the level of VpPR-10.1 nuclease activity and its antifungal property indicates that the former is the biochemical basis for the latter. Taken together, our experiments revealed that VpPR-10.1 is critical in mediating fungal resistance in grape, potentially playing a dual role by degrading pathogen RNA and inducing programmed death of host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | | | - Yun-Tong Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin-Yu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas (Northwest A&F University), Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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16
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Secret of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1: identification of the physiological ligand. Biochem J 2014; 457:379-90. [PMID: 24171862 DOI: 10.1042/bj20130413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 is the main elicitor of airborne type I allergies and belongs to the PR-10 family (pathogenesis-related proteins 10). Bet v 1 is the most extensively studied allergen, and is well characterized at a biochemical and immunological level; however, its physiological function remains elusive. In the present study, we identify Q3OS (quercetin-3-O-sophoroside) as the natural ligand of Bet v 1. We isolated Q3OS bound to Bet v 1 from mature birch pollen and confirmed its binding by reconstitution of the Bet v 1-Q3OS complex. Fluorescence and UV-visible spectroscopy experiments, as well as HSQC (heteronuclear single-quantum coherence) titration, and the comparison with model compounds, such as quercetin, indicated the specificity of Q3OS binding. Elucidation of the binding site by NMR combined with a computational model resulted in a more detailed understanding and shed light on the physiological function of Bet v 1. We postulate that the binding of Q3OS to Bet v 1 plays an important, but as yet unclear, role during the inflammation response and Bet v 1 recognition by IgE.
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17
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Pan X, Zhu B, Zhu H, Chen Y, Tian H, Luo Y, Fu D. iTRAQ Protein Profile Analysis of Tomato Green-ripe Mutant Reveals New Aspects Critical for Fruit Ripening. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:1979-93. [DOI: 10.1021/pr401091n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Pan
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional
Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Benzhong Zhu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional
Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Hongliang Zhu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional
Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yuexi Chen
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional
Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Huiqin Tian
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional
Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yunbo Luo
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional
Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Daqi Fu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional
Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China
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18
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Current overview of allergens of plant pathogenesis related protein families. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:543195. [PMID: 24696647 PMCID: PMC3947804 DOI: 10.1155/2014/543195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis related (PR) proteins are one of the major sources of plant derived allergens. These proteins are induced by the plants as a defense response system in stress conditions like microbial and insect infections, wounding, exposure to harsh chemicals, and atmospheric conditions. However, some plant tissues that are more exposed to environmental conditions like UV irradiation and insect or fungal attacks express these proteins constitutively. These proteins are mostly resistant to proteases and most of them show considerable stability at low pH. Many of these plant pathogenesis related proteins are found to act as food allergens, latex allergens, and pollen allergens. Proteins having similar amino acid sequences among the members of PR proteins may be responsible for cross-reactivity among allergens from diverse plants. This review analyzes the different pathogenesis related protein families that have been reported as allergens. Proteins of these families have been characterized in regard to their biological functions, amino acid sequence, and cross-reactivity. The three-dimensional structures of some of these allergens have also been evaluated to elucidate the antigenic determinants of these molecules and to explain the cross-reactivity among the various allergens.
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19
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Abstract
The PR10 family protein Fra a 1E from strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) is down-regulated in white strawberry mutants, and transient RNAi (RNA interference)-mediated silencing experiments confirmed that Fra a 1 is involved in fruit pigment synthesis. In the present study, we determined the solution structure of Fra a 1E. The protein fold is identical with that of other members of the PR10 protein family and consists of a seven-stranded antiparallel β-sheet, two short V-shaped α-helices and a long C-terminal α-helix that encompass a hydrophobic pocket. Whereas Fra a 1E contains the glycine-rich loop that is highly conserved throughout the protein family, the volume of the hydrophobic pocket and the size of its entrance are much larger than expected. The three-dimensional structure may shed some light on its physiological function and may help to further understand the role of PR10 proteins in plants.
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20
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Fernandes H, Michalska K, Sikorski M, Jaskolski M. Structural and functional aspects of PR-10 proteins. FEBS J 2013; 280:1169-99. [PMID: 23289796 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Physical, chemical and biological stress factors, such as microbial infection, upregulate the transcription levels of a number of plant genes, coding for the so-called pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. For PR proteins of class-10 (PR-10), the biological function remains unclear, despite two decades of scientific research. PR-10 proteins have a wide distribution throughout the plant kingdom and the class members share size and secondary structure organization. Throughout the years, we and other groups have determined the structures of a number of PR-10 proteins, both in the crystalline state by X-ray diffraction and in solution by NMR spectroscopy. Despite the accumulating structural information, our understanding of PR-10 function is still limited. PR-10 proteins are rather small (~ 160 amino acids) with a fold consisting of three α helices and seven antiparallel β strands. These structural elements enclose a large hydrophobic cavity that is most probably the key to their functional relevance. Also, the outer surface of these proteins is of extreme interest, as epitopes from a PR-10 subclass cause allergic reactions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Fernandes
- Center for Biocrystallographic Research, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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21
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Kofler S, Asam C, Eckhard U, Wallner M, Ferreira F, Brandstetter H. Crystallographically mapped ligand binding differs in high and low IgE binding isoforms of birch pollen allergen bet v 1. J Mol Biol 2012; 422:109-23. [PMID: 22634284 PMCID: PMC3422537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability of pathogenesis-related proteins of family 10 to bind a broad spectrum of ligands is considered to play a key role for their physiological and pathological functions. In particular, Bet v 1, an archetypical allergen from birch pollen, is described as a highly promiscuous ligand acceptor. However, the detailed recognition mechanisms, including specificity factors discriminating binding properties of naturally occurring Bet v 1 variants, are poorly understood. Here, we report crystal structures of Bet v 1 variants in complex with an array of ligands at a resolution of up to 1.2 Å. Residue 30 within the hydrophobic pocket not only discriminates in high and low IgE binding Bet v 1 isoforms but also induces a drastic change in the binding mode of the model ligand deoxycholate. Ternary crystal structure complexes of Bet v 1 with several ligands together with the fluorogenic reporter 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate explain anomalous fluorescence binding curves obtained from 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate displacement assays. The structures reveal key interaction residues such as Tyr83 and rationalize both the binding specificity and promiscuity of the so-called hydrophobic pocket in Bet v 1. The intermolecular interactions of Bet v 1 reveal an unexpected complexity that will be indispensable to fully understand its roles within the physiological and allergenic context.
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Key Words
- ans, 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate
- bra, brassinolide
- dxc, deoxycholate
- idxc, inner deoxycholate
- odxc, outer deoxycholate
- lps, lipopolysaccharide
- mpd, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol
- ndsb-256, non-detergent sulfobetaine 256
- pr-10, pathogenesis-related protein 10
- pdb, protein data bank
- molecular allergenicity
- ans displacement assay
- structure–allergenicity relationship
- binding specificity and promiscuity
- dressed allergens
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kofler
- Structural Biology Group, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Claudia Asam
- CD Laboratory for Allergy Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ulrich Eckhard
- Structural Biology Group, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Wallner
- CD Laboratory for Allergy Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fátima Ferreira
- CD Laboratory for Allergy Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hans Brandstetter
- Structural Biology Group, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
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22
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Expression of the ginseng PgPR10-1 in Arabidopsis confers resistance against fungal and bacterial infection. Gene 2012; 506:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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Oblessuc PR, Borges A, Chowdhury B, Caldas DGG, Tsai SM, Camargo LEA, Melotto M. Dissecting Phaseolus vulgaris innate immune system against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43161. [PMID: 22912818 PMCID: PMC3422333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genus Colletotrichum is one of the most economically important plant pathogens, causing anthracnose on a wide range of crops including common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Crop yield can be dramatically decreased depending on the plant cultivar used and the environmental conditions. This study aimed to identify potential genetic components of the bean immune system to provide environmentally friendly control measures against this fungus. Methodology and Principal Findings As the common bean is not amenable to reverse genetics to explore functionality and its genome is not fully curated, we used putative Arabidopsis orthologs of bean expressed sequence tag (EST) to perform bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation of gene expression to identify common bean genes regulated during the incompatible interaction with C. lindemuthianum. Similar to model pathosystems, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that hormone biosynthesis and signaling in common beans seem to be modulated by fungus infection. For instance, cytokinin and ethylene responses were up-regulated and jasmonic acid, gibberellin, and abscisic acid responses were down-regulated, indicating that these hormones may play a central role in this pathosystem. Importantly, we have identified putative bean gene orthologs of Arabidopsis genes involved in the plant immune system. Based on experimental validation of gene expression, we propose that hypersensitive reaction as part of effector-triggered immunity may operate, at least in part, by down-regulating genes, such as FLS2-like and MKK5-like, putative orthologs of the Arabidopsis genes involved in pathogen perception and downstream signaling. Conclusions/Significance We have identified specific bean genes and uncovered metabolic processes and pathways that may be involved in the immune response against pathogens. Our transcriptome database is a rich resource for mining novel defense-related genes, which enabled us to develop a model of the molecular components of the bean innate immune system regulated upon pathogen attack.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Borges
- CENA, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Bablu Chowdhury
- Department of Biology, University of Texas, Arlington, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Siu Mui Tsai
- CENA, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Maeli Melotto
- Department of Biology, University of Texas, Arlington, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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Lee OR, Pulla RK, Kim YJ, Balusamy SRD, Yang DC. Expression and stress tolerance of PR10 genes from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:2365-74. [PMID: 21667108 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0987-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis-related 10 protein families (PgPR10 proteins) from ginseng are reported to have ribonuclease activity, conferring defense-related resistance against various stresses. Homology-based PCR using PgPR10-2 specific primers allowed for the isolation of two additional PgPR10 genes. PgPR10-1 is identical to the previously reported ribonuclease 1, while PgPR10-3 is a newly-discovered protein, suggesting that the PgPR10s are a multi-gene family. Differential organ-specific transcripts of PgPR10-1 and PgPR10-2 in the flower bud and root, respectively, indicate that there are tissue-specific functional roles for this gene family. Overexpression of PgPR10-2 in Arabidopsis conferred longer root length and a tolerant growth phenotype on NaCl-supplemented media. Further changes in transcriptional levels against sets of abiotic stressors suggest similar functional roles of PgPR10-1 in the root and predominantly in the flower organ based on its higher expression levels. Overall, this suggests that the manipulation of PgPR10 genes in plants can be used as valuable tool to enhance its physiological status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok Ran Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 449-701, Korea.
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Lee OR, Sathiyaraj G, Kim YJ, In JG, Kwon WS, Kim JH, Yang DC. Defense Genes Induced by Pathogens and Abiotic Stresses in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. J Ginseng Res 2011. [DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2011.35.1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Isolation and expression analysis of a novel pathogenesis-related protein 10 gene from Chinese wild Vitis pseudoreticulata induced by Uncinula necator. Biologia (Bratisl) 2010. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-010-0056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gómez A, López JA, Pintos B, Camafeita E, Bueno MÁ. Proteomic analysis from haploid and diploid embryos of Quercus suber
L. identifies qualitative and quantitative differential expression patterns. Proteomics 2009; 9:4355-67. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Gulbitti-Onarici S, Zaidi MA, Taga I, Ozcan S, Altosaar I. Expression of Cry1Ac in transgenic tobacco plants under the control of a wound-inducible promoter (AoPR1) isolated from Asparagus officinalis to control Heliothis virescens and Manduca sexta. Mol Biotechnol 2009; 42:341-9. [PMID: 19353306 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-009-9168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Expression of cry1Ac gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) was evaluated under the control of a wound-inducible AoPR1 promoter from Asparagus officinalis in transgenic tobacco plants. The leaves of transgenic plants were mechanically wounded to evaluate the activity of the AoPR1 promoter in driving the expression of Cry1Ac protein at the wound site. Our results indicate that mechanical wounding of transgenic plants was effective in inducing the expression of Cry1Ac protein. As a result of this induction, the accumulated levels of Cry1Ac protein increased during 6-72 h post-wounding period. The leaves of transgenic tobacco plants were evaluated for resistance against Heliothis virescens and Manduca sexta in insect bioassays in two different ways. The detached tobacco leaves were either fed directly to the insect larvae or they were first mechanically wounded followed by a 72 h post-wounding feeding period. Complete protection of mechanically wounded leaves of transgenic plants was observed within 24 h of the bioassay. The leaves of transgenic plants fed directly (without pre-wounding) to the larvae achieved the same level of protection between 24 and 72 h of the bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Gulbitti-Onarici
- Department of Biochemistry Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
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Zubini P, Zambelli B, Musiani F, Ciurli S, Bertolini P, Baraldi E. The RNA hydrolysis and the cytokinin binding activities of PR-10 proteins are differently performed by two isoforms of the Pru p 1 peach major allergen and are possibly functionally related. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 150:1235-47. [PMID: 19474212 PMCID: PMC2705045 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.139543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
PR-10 proteins are a family of pathogenesis-related (PR) allergenic proteins playing multifunctional roles. The peach (Prunus persica) major allergen, Pru p 1.01, and its isoform, Pru p 1.06D, were found highly expressed in the fruit skin at the pit hardening stage, when fruits transiently lose their susceptibility to the fungal pathogen Monilinia spp. To investigate the possible role of the two Pru p 1 isoforms in plant defense, the recombinant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Light scattering experiments and circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that both proteins are monomers in solution with secondary structures typical of PR-10 proteins. Even though the proteins do not display direct antimicrobial activity, they both act as RNases, a function possibly related to defense. The RNase activity is different for the two proteins, and only that of Pru p 1.01 is affected in the presence of the cytokinin zeatin, suggesting a physiological correlation between Pru p 1.01 ligand binding and enzymatic activity. The binding of zeatin to Pru p 1.01 was evaluated using isothermal titration calorimetry, which provided information on the stoichiometry and on the thermodynamic parameters of the interaction. The structural architecture of Pru p 1.01 and Pru p 1.06D was obtained by homology modeling, and the differences in the binding pockets, possibly accounting for the observed difference in binding activity, were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Zubini
- Department of Agri-Food Protection and Improvement, CRIOF , University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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30
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Pungartnik C, da Silva AC, de Melo SA, Gramacho KP, de Mattos Cascardo JC, Brendel M, Micheli F, da Silva Gesteira A. High-affinity copper transport and Snq2 export permease of saccharomyces cerevisiae modulate cytotoxicity of PR-10 from Theobroma cacao. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2009; 22:39-51. [PMID: 19061401 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-22-1-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A pathogenesis-related (PR) protein from Theobroma cacao (TcPR-10) was identified from a cacao-Moniliophthora perniciosa interaction cDNA library. Nucleotide and amino acid sequences showed homology with other PR-10 proteins having P loop motif and Betv1 domain. Recombinant TcPR-10 showed in vitro and in vivo ribonuclease activity, and antifungal activity against the basidiomycete cacao pathogen M. perniciosa and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled TcPR-10 was internalized by M. perniciosa hyphae and S. cerevisiae cells and inhibited growth of both fungi. Energy and temperature-dependent internalization of the TcPR-10 suggested an active importation into the fungal cells. Chronical exposure to TcPR-10 of 29 yeast mutants with single gene defects in DNA repair, general membrane transport, metal transport, and antioxidant defenses was tested. Two yeast mutants were hyperresistant compared with their respective isogenic wild type: ctr3Delta mutant, lacking the high-affinity plasma membrane copper transporter and mac1Delta, the copper-sensing transcription factor involved in regulation of high-affinity copper transport. Acute exposure of exponentially growing yeast cells revealed that TcPR-10 resistance is also enhanced in the Snq2 export permease-lacking mutant which has reduced intracellular presence of TcPR-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pungartnik
- UESC, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Laboratório de Biologia de Fungos, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Ilhéus-BA-Brasil
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Janarthanan S, Suresh P, Radke G, Morgan TD, Oppert B. Arcelins from an Indian wild pulse, Lablab purpureus, and insecticidal activity in storage pests. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:1676-1682. [PMID: 18260629 DOI: 10.1021/jf071591g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A partially purified protein fraction was isolated from seed flour of the Indian wild bean, Lablab purpureus, by ion exchange and size-exclusion chromatographies. Partially purified L. purpureus proteins had hemagglutination and glycoslyation properties similar to those of lectins or lectin-like proteins from other pulses. Data obtained from two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, MALDI-TOF, and MALDI-TOF/TOF and N-terminal protein sequencing of the isolated polypeptides from L. purpureus demonstrated that the extract contained proteins similar to isoforms of arcelins 3 and 4 and pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PvPR1) of Phaseolus vulgaris. L. purpureus proteins were resistant to degradation by the commercial enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin and were moderately resistant to pepsin, but were readily hydrolyzed to smaller peptides by papain. Insect feeding bioassays of the extract with the storage pests Rhyzopertha dominica and Oryzaephilus surinamensis, internal and external feeders of grain, respectively, demonstrated that L. purpureus proteins at 2% in the diet resulted in retarded development. However, a 5% dose of the L. purpureus fraction resulted in complete mortality of all larvae in both species. This study has demonstrated that proteins in the partially purified L. purpureus extract have the potential to control storage pests in cereals transformed with L. purpureus defense-related genes, but the need for more studies regarding efficacy and safety is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundaram Janarthanan
- Thiagarajar Center for Entomological Science, Department of Zoology, Thiagarajar College (Autonomous), Madurai 625009, India
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Torres NL, Cho K, Shibato J, Hirano M, Kubo A, Masuo Y, Iwahashi H, Jwa NS, Agrawal GK, Rakwal R. Gel-based proteomics reveals potential novel protein markers of ozone stress in leaves of cultivated bean and maize species of Panama. Electrophoresis 2008; 28:4369-81. [PMID: 17987633 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We examined responses of cultivated bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. IDIAP R-3) and maize (Zea mays L. cv. Guarare 8128) plants exposed to ozone (O(3)) using a leaf injury assessment and proteomics approach. Plants grown for 16 days in greenhouse were transferred to an O(3) chamber and exposed continuously to 0.2 ppm O(3) or filtered pollutant-free air for up to 72 h. CBB-stained gels revealed changes in ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) protein. By Western analysis changes in marker proteins for O(3) damage in leaves by 1-DE were checked. In bean leaves, two superoxide dismutase (SOD) protein (19 and 20 kDa) were dramatically decreased, while ascorbate peroxidase (APX, 25 kDa), small heat shock protein (HSP, 33 kDa), and a naringenin-7-O-methyltransferase (NOMT, 42 kDa) were increased by O(3). In maize leaves, expression levels of catalase (increased), SOD (decreased), and APX (increased) were drastically changed by O(3) depending on the leaf stage, whereas crossreacting HSPs (24 and 30 kDa) and NOMT (41 kDa) proteins were strongly increased in O(3)-stressed younger leaves. These results indicated a clear modulation of oxidative stress-, heat shock-, and secondary metabolism-related proteins by O(3). Finally, 2-DE at 72 h after O(3) exposure revealed changes (induction/suppression) in expression levels of 25 and 12 protein spots in bean and maize leaves, respectively. Out of these, ten and nine nonredundant proteins in bean and maize, respectively, were identified by MS. A novel pathogenesis-related protein 2 may serve as a potential marker for O(3) stress in bean.
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Jellouli N, Ben Jouira H, Skouri H, Ghorbel A, Gourgouri A, Mliki A. Proteomic analysis of Tunisian grapevine cultivar Razegui under salt stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 165:471-481. [PMID: 17942184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2007.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2006] [Revised: 02/22/2007] [Accepted: 02/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses in agriculture worldwide, especially in the Mediterranean area. We report here a proteomic approach to investigate the salt stress-responsive proteins in grapevine (Vitis vinifera). Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to analyze the proteome of the salt-tolerant Tunisian grapevine cultivar Razegui, subjected to a supply of 100mm NaCl over 15d. Analysis of 2-DE gels derived from stressed plants revealed more than 800 reproducibly detected protein spots, with 48 proteins displaying a differential expression pattern, including 32 up-regulated, 9 down-regulated and 7 new protein spots induced after salt treatment. The presence of stress-responsive proteins in the different plant organs suggests that salt spreads systemically. Edman degradation analysis and database searching aided us in identifying a major protein GP. Database analysis revealed that this peptide has a 98% sequence similarity with a pathogenesis-related (PR) protein 10 (V. vinifera). A full-length cDNA encoding the GP protein was isolated from grapevine salt-stressed leaves and sequenced. The predicted protein contained 158 amino acids and showed 98% identity with PR10 protein of of V. vinifera (accession no. Cac16165).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neila Jellouli
- CBBC, Laboratoire de physiologie Moléculaire de la Vigne, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cedria. PO Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia.
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Chadha P, Das RH. A pathogenesis related protein, AhPR10 from peanut: an insight of its mode of antifungal activity. PLANTA 2006; 225:213-22. [PMID: 16832688 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-006-0344-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2006] [Accepted: 06/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A pathogenesis related protein (AhPR10) is identified from a clone of 6-day old Arachis hypogaea L. (peanut) cDNA library. The clone expressed as a approximately 20 kDa protein in E. coli. Nucleotide sequence derived amino acid sequence of the coding region shows its homology with PR10 proteins having Betv1 domain and P loop motif. Recombinant AhPR10 has ribonuclease activity, and antifungal activity against the peanut pathogens Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. Mutant protein AhPR10-K54N where lys54 is mutated to asn54 loses its ribonuclease and antifungal activities. FITC labeled AhPR10 and AhPR10-K54N are internalized by hyphae of F. oxysporum and R. solani but the later protein does not inhibit the fungal growth. This suggests that the ribonuclease function of AhPR10 is essential for its antifungal activity. Energy and temperature dependent internalization of AhPR10 into sensitive fungal hyphae indicate that internalization of the protein occurs through active uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Chadha
- Comparative Genomics Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi 110 007, India
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Srivastava S, Rahman MH, Shah S, Kav NNV. Constitutive expression of the pea ABA-responsive 17 (ABR17) cDNA confers multiple stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2006; 4:529-49. [PMID: 17309728 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2006.00201.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The constitutive expression of the pea ABR17 (abscisic acid-responsive 17) cDNA, which is a member of the group 10 family of pathogenesis-related proteins (PR 10), in Arabidopsis thaliana is reported. The presence of ABR17 transcripts and the protein in the three transgenic lines is demonstrated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. Three independently derived transgenic lines containing ABR17 germinated better in the presence of salt, cold temperature or both. Furthermore, the transgenic plants also exhibited enhanced tolerance to freezing temperature, suggesting the potential utility of the ABR17 gene to engineer multiple stress tolerance. In order to obtain insights into the mechanism underlying ABR17-mediated stress tolerance, we have compared the proteome of a transgenic line with that of its wild-type counterpart. Several proteins were observed to be significantly altered in the transgenic line, including some with a role(s) in photosynthesis, stress tolerance and the regulation of gene expression. Our findings are discussed within the context of available genes to engineer multiple stress tolerance as well as the biological activities of the ABR17 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2P5
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36
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37
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38
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Mittag D, Vieths S, Vogel L, Wagner-Loew D, Starke A, Hunziker P, Becker WM, Ballmer-Weber BK. Birch pollen-related food allergy to legumes: identification and characterization of the Bet v 1 homologue in mungbean (Vigna radiata), Vig r 1. Clin Exp Allergy 2006; 35:1049-55. [PMID: 16120087 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02309.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently allergic reactions to legumes mediated by Bet v 1-homologous food allergens were described for soy and peanut. In this study we assessed allergic reactions to another legume, to mungbean seedlings, and identified its Bet v 1-homologous allergen Vig r 1. METHODS Ten patients were selected who had a history of allergic reactions to mungbean seedlings and a respiratory allergy to birch pollen. The Bet v 1 homologue in mungbean seedlings, Vig r 1, was cloned by a PCR strategy, expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified by preparative SDS-PAGE. In all sera, specific IgE against birch pollen, Bet v 1, Bet v 2, Vig r 1, and the Bet v 1 homologues in soy (Gly m 4) and cherry (Pru av 1) was determined by CAP-FEIA. Cross-reactivity of specific IgE with Vig r 1, Bet v 1, Gly m 4, and Pru av 1 was assessed by immunoblot inhibition. Expression of Vig r 1 during development of mungbean seedlings and under wounding stress was analysed by immunoblotting. The Vig r 1 double band was analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). RESULTS All patients were sensitized to birch pollen and Bet v 1, 20% to Bet v 2, and 90% to Gly m 4. Seventy percent of the patients showed IgE binding to a double band at 15 kDa in mungbean extract that was inhibited after pre-incubation of sera with rBet v 1. PCR cloning revealed that the mungbean homologue of Bet v 1 had a molecular weight of 16.2 kDa, a calculated pI of 4.6% and 42.8% amino acid sequence identity with Bet v 1. MS analysis confirmed similarity of the double band with the deduced Vig r 1 sequence, but also indicated the existence of other Vig r 1 isoforms. ImmunoCAP analysis detected IgE against Vig r 1 in 80% of the sera. IgE binding to Vig r 1 was inhibited with Gly m 4 in six of six and with rPru av 1 in four of six patients. Vig r 1 expression occurred during development of seedlings and was increased by wounding stress. CONCLUSIONS Food allergy to mungbean seedlings can be caused by primary sensitization to birch pollen and is mediated by Vig r 1 in the majority of the patients with birch pollen-related allergy to mungbean seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mittag
- Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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Finkler C, Giacomet C, Muschner VC, Salzano FM, Freitas LB. Molecular investigations of pathogenesis-related Bet v 1 homologues in Passiflora (Passifloraceae). Genetica 2005; 124:117-25. [PMID: 16134326 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-004-6369-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The major birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1, responsible for allergic reactions in many areas of the world, is homologous to a large number of pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs), identified as PR10. As part of a long-range investigation of these types of proteins and of evolution in Passiflora, DNA sequences from eight Bet v 1 homologue isoforms were obtained from five species of this genus in Brazil, and their sequences compared among themselves and with 30 others from 8 different species, classified in different taxonomic units. The objective was a first characterization of these PRs in wild passionflowers, and their use for evolutionary and applied investigations. High interspecific, but low intraspecific variability was observed, as expected from multigenic families subjected to concerted evolution. The relationships obtained both within Passiflora and between it and seven other genera probably best reflect functional similarities than evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Finkler
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 15053, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Morse AM, Nelson CD, Covert SF, Holliday AG, Smith KE, Davis JM. Pine genes regulated by the necrotrophic pathogen Fusarium circinatum. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2004; 109:922-32. [PMID: 15221139 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-004-1719-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A targeted genomics approach was used to construct a cDNA array of potential pathogen-regulated genes for investigating host-pathogen interactions in pine trees (Pinus species). This array, containing a nonredundant set of 311 cDNAs, was assembled by combining smaller sets of cDNAs generated by differential display or suppression subtraction hybridization using a variety of pathogen treatments and elicitors. The array was probed to identify host genes regulated by Fusarium circinatum, a necrotrophic fungus that incited pitch canker disease on pine stems. A set of 29 cDNAs were induced during the disease state. Notably, cDNAs on the array that were derived from experiments with fusiform rust, incited by Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme (a biotrophic fungus) were unregulated by Fusarium. the results imply distinct genetic responses in pine to diseases incited by necrotrophs and biotrophs. This cDNA collection expands the genomics toolkit for understanding interactions between conifers and their microbial associates in forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Morse
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA
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Hashimoto M, Kisseleva L, Sawa S, Furukawa T, Komatsu S, Koshiba T. A novel rice PR10 protein, RSOsPR10, specifically induced in roots by biotic and abiotic stresses, possibly via the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2004; 45:550-9. [PMID: 15169937 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pch063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots have important roles not only in absorption of water and nutrients, but also in stress tolerance such as desiccation, salt, and low temperature. We have investigated stress-response proteins from rice roots using 2-dimensional polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and found a rice protein, RO-292, which was induced specifically in roots when 2-week-old rice seedlings were subjected to salt and drought stress. The full-length RO-292 cDNA was cloned, and was determined to encode a protein of 160 amino acid residues (16.9 kDa, pI 4.74). The deduced amino acid sequence showed high similarity to known rice PR10 proteins, OsPR10a/PBZ1 and OsPR10b. RO-292 mRNA accumulated rapidly upon drought, NaCl, jasmonic acid and probenazole, but not by exposure to low temperature or by abscisic acid and salicylic acid. The RO-292 gene was also up-regulated by infection with rice blast fungus. Interestingly, induction was observed almost exclusively in roots, thus we named the gene RSOsPR10 (root specific rice PR10). The present results indicate that RSOsPR10 is a novel rice PR10 protein, which is rapidly induced in roots by salt, drought stresses and blast fungus infection possibly through activation of the jasmonic acid signaling pathway, but not the abscisic acid and salicylic acid signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hashimoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 192-0397 Japan
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42
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Pawlowski K, Swensen S, Guan C, Hadri AE, Berry AM, Bisseling T. Distinct patterns of symbiosis-related gene expression in actinorhizal nodules from different plant families. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2003; 16:796-807. [PMID: 12971603 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi.2003.16.9.796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Phylogenetic analyses suggest that, among the members of the Eurosid I clade, nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbioses developed multiple times independently, four times with rhizobia and four times with the genus Frankia. In order to understand the degree of similarity between symbiotic systems of different phylogenetic subgroups, gene expression patterns were analyzed in root nodules of Datisca glomerata and compared with those in nodules of another actinorhizal plant, Alnus glutinosa, and with the expression patterns of homologous genes in legumes. In parallel, the phylogeny of actinorhizal plants was examined more closely. The results suggest that, although relationships between major groups are difficult to resolve using molecular phylogenetic analysis, the comparison of gene expression patterns can be used to inform evolutionary relationships. In this case, stronger similarities were found between legumes and intracellularly infected actinorhizal plants (Alnus) than between actinorhizal plants of two different phylogenetic subgroups (Alnus/Datisca).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Pawlowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Agricultural University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Pfaff T, Kahl G. Mapping of gene-specific markers on the genetic map of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Mol Genet Genomics 2003; 269:243-51. [PMID: 12756536 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-003-0828-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2002] [Accepted: 01/06/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
With the exception of the fact that it is made up of eight different chromosomes, the physical organization of the 738-Mb genome of the important legume crop chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is unknown. In an attempt to increase our knowledge of the basic structure of this genome, we determined the map positions of a series of genes involved in plant defence responses (DR) by genetic linkage analysis. Exploiting the sequence data available in GenBank, we selected genes known to be induced in chickpea and other plants by pathogen attack. Gene-specific primers were designed based on conserved regions, and used to detect the corresponding gene sequences in a segregating population derived from an interspecific cross between Cicer arietinum and C. reticulatum. Forty-seven gene-specific markers were integrated into an existing map based on STMS, AFLP, DAF and other anonymous markers. The potential of this approach is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pfaff
- Plant Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Frankfurt, Marie-Curie-Str. 9, Germany
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Sánchez J, Fernández-Caldas E, Ibáñez M, Martínez M. Reactividad cruzada de las legumbres. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0546(03)79283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Geffroy V, Sévignac M, De Oliveira JC, Fouilloux G, Skroch P, Thoquet P, Gepts P, Langin T, Dron M. Inheritance of partial resistance against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in Phaseolus vulgaris and co-localization of quantitative trait loci with genes involved in specific resistance. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2000; 13:287-96. [PMID: 10707354 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi.2000.13.3.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Anthracnose, one of the most important diseases of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. A "candidate gene" approach was used to map anthracnose resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL). Candidate genes included genes for both pathogen recognition (resistance genes and resistance gene analogs [RGAs]) and general plant defense (defense response genes). Two strains of C. lindemuthianum, identified in a world collection of 177 strains, displayed a reproducible and differential aggressiveness toward BAT93 and JaloEEP558, two parental lines of P. vulgaris representing the two major gene pools of this crop. A reliable test was developed to score partial resistance in aerial organs of the plant (stem, leaf, petiole) under controlled growth chamber conditions. BAT93 was more resistant than JaloEEP558 regardless of the organ or strain tested. With a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between these two parental lines, 10 QTL were located on a genetic map harboring 143 markers, including known defense response genes, anthracnose-specific resistance genes, and RGAs. Eight of the QTL displayed isolate specificity. Two were co-localized with known defense genes (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein) and three with anthracnose-specific resistance genes and/or RGAs. Interestingly, two QTL, with different allelic contribution, mapped on linkage group B4 in a 5.0 cM interval containing Andean and Mesoamerican specific resistance genes against C. lindemuthianum and 11 polymorphic fragments revealed with a RGA probe. The possible relationship between genes underlying specific and partial resistance is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Geffroy
- LPPM, IBP, Université de Paris XI, Orsay, France.
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Two Subclasses of Yellow Lupin Pr10 Proteins and Their Possible Function During the Symbiosis Development. NITROGEN FIXATION: FROM MOLECULES TO CROP PRODUCTIVITY 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/0-306-47615-0_171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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47
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Cloning and characterization of salicylic acid-induced, intracellular pathogenesis-related gene from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). J Biosci 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02941242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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48
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Lo SC, Hipskind JD, Nicholson RL. cDNA cloning of a sorghum pathogenesis-related protein (PR-10) and differential expression of defense-related genes following inoculation with Cochliobolus heterostrophus or Colletotrichum sublineolum. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 1999; 12:479-489. [PMID: 10356799 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi.1999.12.6.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A sorghum cDNA clone was isolated by differential screening of a cDNA library prepared from mesocotyls (cultivar DK18) inoculated with fungal pathogenes. The deduced translation product shows sequence similarity to a family of intracellular pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-10) with a potential ribonuclease function. We studied the accumulation of PR-10 and chalcone synthase (CHS) transcripts in mesocotyls following inoculation with Cochliobolus heterostrophus or Colletotrichum sublineolum. CHS is involved in phytoalexin synthesis in sorghum. Coordinate expression of PR-10 and CHS genes was localized in the area of inoculation along with the accumulation of phytoalexins. C. heterostrophus is a nonpathogen of sorghum and cytological studies indicated that cultivar DK18 is resistant to C. sublineolum, a sorghum pathogen. We demonstrated that the two fungi triggered different time courses of plant defense reactions. Inoculation with C. heterostrophus resulted in rapid accumulation of PR-10 and CHS transcripts after appressoria had become mature. Accumulation of these transcripts was delayed in plants inoculated with C. sublineolum until penetration of host tissue had been completed and infection vesicles had formed. Results suggest that different recognition events are involved in the expression of resistance to the two fungi used or that C. sublineolum suppresses the nonspecific induction of defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Lo
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1155, USA
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Parsons MA, Hadwiger LA. Photoactivated Psoralens Elicit Defense Genes and Phytoalexin Production in the Pea Plant. Photochem Photobiol 1998. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1998.tb05224.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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