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Feleke M, Bennett S, Chen J, Chandler D, Hu X, Xu J. Biological insights into the rapid tissue regeneration of freshwater crayfish and crustaceans. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 39:740-753. [PMID: 34165197 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The freshwater crayfish is capable of regenerating limbs, following autotomy, injury and predation. In arthropod species, regeneration and moulting are two processes linked and strongly regulated by ecdysone. The regeneration of crayfish limbs is divided into wound healing, blastema formation, cellular reprogramming and tissue patterning. Limb blastema cells undergo proliferation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation. A limb bud, containing folded segments of the regenerating limb, is encased within a cuticular sheath. The functional limb regenerates, in proecdysis, in two to three consecutive moults. Rapid tissue growth is regulated by hormones, limb nerves and local cells. The TGF-β/activin signalling pathway has been determined in the crayfish, P. fallax f. virginalis, and is suggested as a potential regulator of tissue regeneration. In this review article, we discuss current understanding of tissue regeneration in the crayfish and various crustaceans. A thorough understanding of the cellular, genetic and molecular pathways of these biological processes is promising for the development of therapeutic applications for a wide array of diseases in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesalie Feleke
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samuel Bennett
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jiazhi Chen
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Guangdong Research Institute of Petrochemical and Fine Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - David Chandler
- Australian Genome Research Facility, Medical Research Foundation, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Xiaoyong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Guangdong Research Institute of Petrochemical and Fine Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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2
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Abidi S, Abbaci KT, Geffard O, Boumaiza M, Dumet A, Garric J, Mondy N. Impact of cadmium on the ecdysteroids production in Gammarus fossarum. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2016; 25:880-887. [PMID: 26980586 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1645-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gammarus fossarum is an important test organism which is currently used as a bio-indicator as well as in ecotoxicological tests. Nevertheless, data on ecdysteroids in endocrine toxicity test are not yet available for these species, despite its crucial role in molting and reproduction. In the present paper, ecdysteroids concentrations were studied during the molt cycle (in females) and embryonic development in G. fossarum (Crustacea, Amphipoda) in order to propose an ecdysteroids toxicity test. Ecdysteroids levels in G. fossarum showed a single peak during premolt at stage Dl-D2. In embryos, ecdysteroids levels progressively increased over stages 3 and 4, with peak levels at stage 4. A Cadmium toxicity test was proposed to examine if the molting and embryogenesis disturbances previously observed after cadmium exposure (Geffard et al. 2010) could be attributed to changes in ecdysteroids titers. Exposure to the different cadmium concentrations (3; 9; 300; 900 µg/l) increased ecdysteroids secretion by Y-organs in vitro, but it had no significant effect on exposed embryos (in vivo). Based on previous findings, we are led to conclude that the molting impairments in cadmium-exposed females of G. fossarum is connected to the changes in ecdysteroids concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondes Abidi
- Milieux aquatiques, Ecologie et pollutions. Equipe Ecotox, irstea, Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.
- Unité d'hydrobiologie Littorale et Limnique, Laboratoire de Bio-surveillance de l'environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021, Jarzouna, Tunisia.
| | - Khedidja Tair Abbaci
- Milieux aquatiques, Ecologie et pollutions. Equipe Ecotox, irstea, Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Geffard
- Milieux aquatiques, Ecologie et pollutions. Equipe Ecotox, irstea, Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Moncef Boumaiza
- Unité d'hydrobiologie Littorale et Limnique, Laboratoire de Bio-surveillance de l'environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Adeline Dumet
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Université Lyon 1 43, Bd du 11 novembre 1918, UMR 5023, Bât Darwin C étage 2, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Jeanne Garric
- Milieux aquatiques, Ecologie et pollutions. Equipe Ecotox, irstea, Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nathalie Mondy
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Université Lyon 1 43, Bd du 11 novembre 1918, UMR 5023, Bât Darwin C étage 2, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Shechter A, Berman A, Singer A, Freiman A, Grinstein M, Erez J, Aflalo ED, Sagi A. Reciprocal changes in calcification of the gastrolith and cuticle during the molt cycle of the red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2008; 214:122-134. [PMID: 18400994 DOI: 10.2307/25066669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mobilization of calcium during the molt cycle from the cuticle to transient calcium deposits is widely spread in crustaceans. The dynamics of calcium transport to transient calcium deposits called gastroliths and to the cuticle over the course of the molt cycle were studied in the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. In this species, calcium was deposited in the gastroliths during premolt and transported back to the cuticle during postmolt, shown by digital X-ray radiograph analysis. The predominant mineral in the crayfish is amorphous calcium carbonate embedded in an organic matrix composed mainly of chitin. Scanning electron micrographs of the cuticle during premolt showed that the endocuticle and parts of the exocuticle were the source of most of the labile calcium, while the epicuticle did not undergo degradation and remained mineralized throughout the molt cycle. The gastroliths are made of concentric layers of amorphous calcium carbonate intercalated between chitinous lamella. Measurements of pH and calcium levels during gastrolith deposition showed that calcium concentrations in the gastroliths, stomach, and muscle were about the same (10 to 11 mmol l(-1)). On the other hand, pH varied greatly, from 8.7+/-0.15 in the gastrolith cavity through 7.6+/-0.2 in muscle to 6.9+/-0.5 in the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Shechter
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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Aragon S, Claudinot S, Blais C, Maïbèche M, Dauphin-Villemant C. Molting cycle-dependent expression of CYP4C15, a cytochrome P450 enzyme putatively involved in ecdysteroidogenesis in the crayfish, Orconectes limosus. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2002; 32:153-159. [PMID: 11755057 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(01)00095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A cytochrome P450 enzyme cDNA (CYP4C15) has been previously cloned from a cDNA library of crayfish steroidogenic glands (Y-organs). The conceptual translation of the CYP4C15 cDNA sequence was analyzed for regions of putative high antigenicity and a mixture of two synthetic peptides was chosen for the production of a specific polyclonal antibody. Western blot analysis on Y-organ subcellular fractions indicated an endoplasmic reticulum location of CYP4C15, in agreement with the structural feature of the predicted protein, i.e. the presence of a hydrophobic N-terminal segment. The protein is only expressed in Y-organs, thus showing a similar distribution to the corresponding mRNA. From this tissue specific expression, it has been postulated that CYP4C15 would play a role in ecdysteroid biosynthesis rather than detoxification and the variations of its expression during a molt cycle were carefully examined. CYP4C15 is not detectable in intermolt animals, expression levels are maximal during early premolt and decrease during late premolt. The results are discussed in relation to the variations of hemolymphatic ecdysteroid titers and steroidogenic capacities of the Y-organs during the molt cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Aragon
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Laboratoire Endocrinologie Moleculaire et Evolution, Bât A, Seme etage, Case 29, 7 Quai Saint-Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France
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MARCO HEATHERG, BLAIS CATHERINE, SOYEZ DANIEL, GÄDE GERD. Characterisation of moult-inhibiting activities of sinus glands of the spiny lobster,Jasus lalandii. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2001.9652473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Maïbèche-Coisne M, Boscameric M, Aragon S, Lafont R, Dauphin-Villemant C. Molecular cloning of a novel crustacean member of the aldoketoreductase superfamily, differentially expressed in the antennal glands. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 282:314-20. [PMID: 11264009 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical studies on ecdysteroid metabolism in arthropods suggest that aldoketoreductase enzymes (AKRs) may be involved in this pathway, but very few molecular data are available on these oxidoreductases in invertebrates. Looking for such enzymes in the crayfish Orconectes limosus, we have used a PCR strategy with primers deduced from a recent insect 3beta-reductase sequence, and from mammalian 5beta-reductase sequences. A full-length cDNA, corresponding to a putative AKR, was isolated from crayfish antennal gland. This cDNA contains an open-reading frame of 1008 bp, encoding a predicted protein of 336 amino acids. Northern blots indicated a restricted expression of the transcript in the antennal glands, quite constant during the molting cycle, and in situ hybridization demonstrated a strong expression of the transcript in the labyrinth. This is to date the first member of the AKRs superfamily characterized in a crustacean species, and the putative function of the corresponding enzyme is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maïbèche-Coisne
- Laboratoire d'Endocrinologie Moléculaire Comparée, Bât. A 5(ème) étage, 7 Quai St. Bernard, Paris, F-75005, France
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7
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Dell S, Sedlmeier D, Bocking D, Dauphin-Villemant C. Ecdysteroid biosynthesis in crayfish Y-organs: feedback regulation by circulating ecdysteroids. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1999; 41:148-155. [PMID: 10398338 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6327(1999)41:3<148::aid-arch6>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In crustaceans, ecdysteroid synthesis in the Y-organs is negatively regulated by the molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH). Reduction or cessation of MIH release from the sinus gland in the eyestalk, probably due to environmental cues, is one of possibly several signals for an increase of edysteroid production and subsequently enhancement of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) levels in the hemolymph. The present study asks the question whether the 20E peak in premoult stages D2/D3 is explained solely bythe cessation of MIH release or whether positive feedback mechanisms are also involved. Ecdysteroid production by the Y-organ of the crayfish Orconectes limosus was found to be under negative feedback control by circulating ecdysteroids. Exogenous 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) as well as RH-5849, a non-steroidal ecdysteroid agonist, reduced ecdysteroid synthesis significantly when injected into intermoult animals. A direct, short loop inhibitory feedback effect was demonstrated by in vitro incubations of Y-organs with RH-5849. Thus, the results presented here do not point to a stimulatory effect of 20E on Y-organ activity but suggest that during intermolt a negative feedback by ecdysteroids plays a role in addition to MIH. Arch. Copyright 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dell
- Institut fur Zoophysiologie, Universitat Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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8
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Dauphin-Villemant C, Böcking D, Sedlmeier D. Regulation of steroidogenesis in crayfish molting glands: involvement of protein synthesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1995; 109:97-103. [PMID: 7789620 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(95)03489-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of continuous protein synthesis in the mechanisms of crustacean steroidogenesis was investigated using crayfish molting glands (Y-organs). During intermolt, Y-organ steroidogenic activity is low. Eyestalk ablation initiates premolt which is characterized by a rapid increase in the production of ecdysteroids. In vitro incorporation of [14C]leucine into TCA-precipitable proteins was measured in Y-organs. A significant increase of de novo protein synthesis within 2 h and simultaneously led to a strong inhibition of the ecdysteroid synthesis. Sinus gland extracts (containing molt inhibiting hormone) also induced both a limited but reproducible inhibition of Y-organ protein synthesis and a pronounced inhibition of ecdysteroid production within 2 h. The results suggest a functional link between protein synthesis in the Y-organ and sustained ecdysteroid production. The analysis of autoradiographs from one-dimensional gel electrophoreses revealed an overall increase in de novo synthesis of glandular proteins in early premolt but also a more specific effect on distinct proteins (increase of 150, 140, 50-60, 22 and 15-18 kDa proteins) which may be more directly involved in the regulation of ecdysteroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dauphin-Villemant
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Département de Biologie, CNRS URA686-IFREMER URM4, Paris, France
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9
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Lesicki A. Regulation of phosphofructokinase activity in the midgut gland of the crayfish Orconectes limosus Raf. (Crustacea: Decapoda) by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(94)00169-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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BÖCKING DETLEF, SEDLMEIER DIETRICH. Protein phosphorylation in the moulting gland of the crayfish,Orconectes limosus:Role of cyclic nucleotides, calcium, and moult inhibiting hormone (MIH). INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.1994.9672423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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12
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13
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Meyran JC, Chapuy MC, Arnaud S, Sellem E, Graf F. Variations of vitamin D-like reactivity in the crustacean Orchestia cavimana during the molt cycle. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1991; 84:115-20. [PMID: 1778400 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(91)90070-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An investigation into vitamin D-like molecules has been performed on whole extracts of the terrestrial amphipod Orchestia cavimana, using a sensitive nonequilibrium assay employing 1,25-(OH)2 D receptor from calf thymus. Relatively large amounts of these secosteroid-like molecules were observed and they varied in concentration according to the stages of the molt cycle. The amplitude of these variations reaches a ratio of about 40 from the minimum in premolt to the intermolt sharp peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Meyran
- UA CNRS 674, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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14
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Effect of temperature acclimation on thermal dependence and hysteresis of the resting membrane potential of the stretch receptor neurone in crayfish [Astacus astacus (L.)]. J Therm Biol 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0306-4565(90)90041-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Sellem E, Graf F, Meyran JC. Some effects of salmon calcitonin on calcium metabolism in the crustaceanOrchestia during the molt cycle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402490210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Durliat M, Moriniere M, Porcheron P. Changes in ecdysteroids in Astacus leptodactylus during the molting cycle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(88)91083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Ecdysteroids were analyzed during a molt cycle in adult males of the crustacean Orchestia cavimana; levels were determined in the hemolymph and in whole bodies, using radioimmunoassay. Results show a single and sharp peak at the end of D1 stage, reaching 810 pg eq/microliter in the hemolymph (a 230-fold increase compared to the middle of intermolt). From B stage to the beginning of D1, levels are very low but increase regularly and significantly. The amplitude and the temporal position of the peak are discussed in detail, in relation to the precision of the staging (17 different stages can be easily made in Orchestia) and to the cuticle cycle (the hormonal peak occurs ca. 10 hr before the beginning of cuticle synthesis at D2). Preliminary experiments, using monoclonal antibodies during the period of low ecdysteroid titers or high-performance liquid chromatography followed by polyclonal RIA during the peak period, suggest that the immunoreactive hormone in O. cavimana behaves like 20-hydroxyecdysone. However, other minor compounds have been detected (some unknown, others migrating like ecdysone and ponasterone A in HPLC).
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Suzuki S. Effect of Y-organ removal on limb regeneration and molting in the terrestrial crab, Sesarma haematocheir. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1985; 58:202-10. [PMID: 3996889 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(85)90336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Y-organ removal on limb regeneration and molting was investigated in the crab, Sesarma haematocheir. Basal growth of regenerating limb bud was achieved independently of the Y-organs. However, bilateral removal of the Y-organ inhibited premolt growth and molting. It was also found that removal of the Y-organs from crabs at stage D2 inhibited further premolt growth of regenerating limb bud and molting. Ecdysterone injections in Y-organless crabs induced premolt growth of regenerating limb bud and gastrolith formation, but were insufficient to induce molting.
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20
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Ikekawa N. Chapter 8 Structures, biosynthesis and function of sterols in invertebrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60684-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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Baldaia L, Porcheron P, Coimbra J, Cassier P. Ecdysteroids in the shrimp Palaemon serratus: relations with molt cycle. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1984; 55:437-43. [PMID: 6432626 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(84)90015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ecdysteroids were studied during the molt cycle of the shrimp Palaemon serratus using radioimmunoassay and HPLC. Continuous presence of ecdysteroids was observed in whole extracts, with two hormonal peaks: a minor peak during stage B and a major one during stage D2. The ecdysteroid titers were generally higher in females than in males. The ecdysteroid peak at stage B was more pronounced in the integument (cuticle and epidermis) than in other tissues and, at this time, 20-hydroxyecdysone was the predominant form. The observed 20-hydroxyecdysone peaks in stages B and D2 are correlatable to the previously reported rise in integumental carbonic anhydrase activity.
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Vensel WH, Spaziani E, Ostedgaard LS. Cholesterol turnover and ecdysone content in tissues of normal and de-eyestalked crabs (Cancer antennarius). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402290306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Durliat M. [Immunochemical study of the proteins of various tissues in Crustacea (Decapoda): nature, role, origin]. ARCHIVES INTERNATIONALES DE PHYSIOLOGIE ET DE BIOCHIMIE 1983; 91:297-332. [PMID: 6202261 DOI: 10.3109/13813458309067977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The main proteins of the haemolymph of Crustacea Decapoda have been identified and analysed: haemocyanin, plasma coagulogen, heteroagglutinins, vitellogenins, and molt-related proteins. All these complex components exhibit a high molecular weight and as oligomeric fractions are able to aggregate or dissociate in subunits according to the composition of medium and experimental procedures. Besides their important rôle in the defense mechanism, some proteins are involved in the edification of diverse tissues. They are detected within different compartments: soft integument, calcified carapace and hepatopancreas. They are either in transit or sequestered or synthetized within these tissues. In the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus, some components have been identified in different compartments: --in aqueous extracts from soft integument: the haemocyanin, coagulogen and both fraction F1 (lipoprotein with an approximate molecular weight of 45 kdal) and fraction F2 related to the molt. Both coagulogen and fraction F2 appear sometimes as melanized. These two latter fractions exhibit some glucose-mannose residues and they occur with a higher relative amount than in the blood. --in soluble extracts from calcified cuticle: among the numerous fractions showing a high molecular weight, the haemocyanin and coagulogen are detected. --in aqueous extracts from hepatopancreas: both haemocyanin and coagulogen appear with a little relative amount. Components termed as Fa and Fb are found with a high concentration. One minor fraction is also detected. --in aqueous extracts from eggs: the haemocyanin and fraction Fb are present. Other proteins showing only some antigenic identities with those of the haemolymph are also detected in all these tissues. The haemolymph proteins are not present within these compartments following a passive diffusion. Indeed, their relative amount varies according to the tissue investigated and is different from that found in the blood. Except the haemocyanin detected in all tissues with different aggregation states, the haemolymph proteins identified vary in the organs studied. A qualitative and quantitative selection occurs when the blood proteins enter the other compartments. Perhaps some other proteins are not detected following alterations underwent either in the epithelial barriers or during the tannage process or the chitino-proteic complex formation or due to experimental procedures. On the other hand, each tissue has its own proteins. The integument contains crustacyanins alpha, beta, gamma; the eggs are mainly constituted of lipovitellins and the hepatopancreas is rich in small molecular weight proteins and digestive enzymes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Daig K, Spindler KD. Uptake and retention of moulting hormones by the integument of crayfishes in vitro: I. Influence of temperature, hormone concentration and hormone structure. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1983; 31:93-104. [PMID: 6884576 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(83)90033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Uptake kinetics of [3H]ecdysone into crayfish hypodermis in vitro reveals three different components: a very rapid (within 1 min), highly temperature-dependent (Q10 = 3) and high uptake rate, a second much lower uptake which is only slightly temperature-dependent (Q10 = 1-1.3), and a plateau which is reached after about 20 min at 20 degrees C. Preincubation of tissue with unlabelled hormone reduces the initial uptake rate to a value characteristic for the second, less steep uptake phase. The activation energy for the initial uptake is 45 kJ/mole. At equilibrium the hormone is 4-fold enriched as compared to the medium, the delta G for this enrichment being 3 kJ/mole. The efflux is much lower than the influx and is linear. There is no linear relation between external hormone concentration and initial uptake rate. The initial uptake can be significantly reduced by an excess of diverse ecdysteroids with moulting hormone activity but not by hydrocortisone.
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Abstract
Two ecdysteroids were isolated from juveniles and adults as well as from eggs of the pycnogonid Pycnogonum litorale Ström and characterized by bioassay, thin layer chromatography, gas liquid chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography. One of the hormones could be identified as 20-hydroxyecdysone whereas the other behaves in HPLC in a way that is similar to but not identical with ecdysone. This unidentified ecdysone-like hormone exceeded 20-hydroxyecdysone in all developmental stages (1.67:1 to 3:1). Determination of moulting hormone titers by a radioimmunoassay showed highest amounts of hormones in juvenile females (150 ng/mg tissue dry wt). The results are compared with those obtained from other arthropods and are discussed in view of the evolution of hormonal systems.
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26
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Jegla TC, Ruland C, Kegel G, Keller R. The role of the Y-organ and cephalic gland in ecdysteroid production and the control of molting in the crayfish,Orconectes limosus. J Comp Physiol B 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00689732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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28
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Kivivuori L, Lagerspetz K. Temperature acclimation of axonal functions in the crayfish Astacus astacus L. J Therm Biol 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0306-4565(82)90028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Londershausen M, Spindler KD. Characterization of cytoplasmic ecdysteroid receptors in the hypodermis of the crayfish, Orconectes limosus. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1981; 24:253-65. [PMID: 6276248 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(81)90002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
[3H]Ecdysone, [3H]20-OH-ecdysone and [3H]ponasterone A were specifically bound by the 120 000 g supernatant of the homogenate from crayfish hypodermis. According to the HPLC test, the bound hormone was not metabolized. Analysis of the cytosol receptor by sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation, gel filtration and enzymatic degradation revealed the protein character of the receptor, a molecular weight of 70 000-80 000 D, and 5S. The binding capacity was rapidly lost after treatment with N-ethyl-maleimide or heating for 10 min at 60 degrees C. Optimal conditions for the demonstration of the receptor were incubation at 0-8 degrees C for 30 min and a salt concentration of 120 mM. A sequence of moulting hormones, and steroid hormones without moulting hormone activity were tested for ligand specificities. Estimation KD values yielded 3-6 x 10(-11) M for ponasterone A, 2-3 x 10(-9) M for 20-OH-ecdysone and 2 x 10(-8) M for ecdysone.
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Madhavan K. Induction of precocious molting in the male and ovigerous female Armadillidium vulgare by topical application of 20-hydroxyecdysone. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1981; 44:28-36. [PMID: 7239155 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(81)90352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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31
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De Leersnyder M, Dhainaut A, Porcheron P. [Effect of organ ablation on oogenesis in the crab Eriocheir sinensis in the natural state and after removal of Y organ]. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1981; 43:157-69. [PMID: 7227798 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(81)90308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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32
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33
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34
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Chang ES, Bruce MJ. Ecdysteroid titers of juvenile lobsters following molt induction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402140205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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35
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Charmantier G. [Endocrine and neuroendocrine control of the puberty molt in the males of Sphaeroma serratum (Fabricius, 1787) (Crustacea, Isopoda, Flabellifera)]. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1980; 41:349-64. [PMID: 7409443 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(80)90079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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36
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Gersch M, Eibisch H, Böhm GA, Koolman J. Ecdysteroid production by the cephalic gland of the crayfish Orconectes limosus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1979; 39:505-11. [PMID: 520813 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(79)90238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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37
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Freeman JA, Costlow JD. Hormonal control of apolysis in barnacle mantle tissue epidermis, in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402100217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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38
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Hopkins PM, Bliss DE, Sheehan SW, Boyer JR. Limb growth-controlling factors in the crab Gecarcinus lateralis, with special reference to the limb growth-inhibiting factor. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1979; 39:192-207. [PMID: 499747 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(79)90224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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39
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Stevenson JR, Amstrong PW, Chang ES, O'Connor JD. Ecdysone titers during the molt cycle of the crayfish Orconectes sanborni. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1979; 39:20-5. [PMID: 488691 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(79)90188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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40
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McConaugha JR. The effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone on survival and development of first and third stage Cancer anthonyi larvae. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1979; 37:421-7. [PMID: 456878 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(79)90021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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41
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42
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43
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Winget RR, Herman WS. Influence of molt cycle and beta-ecdysone on protein synthesis in the chelicerate arthropod, Limulus polyphemus. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1979; 62:119-22. [PMID: 95691 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(79)90294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
1. The effect of molt cycle stage and beta-ecdysone on protein synthesis in the horsehoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, was examined. 2. A pronounced decline in protein specific radioactivity after incubation with 14C-leucine was noted in muscle, midgut gland and operculum from postmolt to intermolt to premolt and in gut and gill tissue from intermolt to premolt. 3. beta-Ecdysone injections produced an early stimulation of protein synthesis in the midgut gland followed by strong inhibition within 48 hr. 4. Results are compared with those obtained in mandibulate arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Winget
- Small Tribes Organization of Western Washington, Sumner 98390
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44
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Keller R, Schmid E. In vitro secretion of ecdysteroids by Y-organs and lack of secretion by mandibular organs of the crayfish following molt induction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00689853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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Chang ES, O'Connor JD. In vitro secretion and hydroxylation of alpha-ecdysone as a function of the crustacean molt cycle. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1978; 36:151-10. [PMID: 569616 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(78)90060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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46
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Van Wormhoudt A, Bellon C, Le Roux A. [Effect of endocrine formations on the incorporation of tritiated leucine into proteins of the hepatopancreas of the shrimp Palaemon serratus Pennant]. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1978; 35:263-73. [PMID: 689360 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(78)90071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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47
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Tamm GR, Cobb JS. Behavior and the Crustacean Molt Cycle: Changes in Aggression of
Homarus americanus. Science 1978; 200:79-81. [PMID: 17847333 DOI: 10.1126/science.200.4337.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The phase of the molt cycle affects dominance status and the performance of agonistic acts in individual juvenile lobsters (Homarus americanus). Lobsters in the midphase of proecdysis are more aggressive than those in intermolt; the latter are more aggressive than lobsters in early or late proecdysis and those in postecdysis.
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48
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McCarthy JF, Skinner DM. Proecdysial changes in serum ecdysone titers, gastrolith formation, and limb regeneration following molt induction by limb autotomy and/or eyestalk removal in the land crab, Gecarcinus lateralis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1977; 33:278-92. [PMID: 924119 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(77)90252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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50
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