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Wang L, Liu R, Yan F, Chen W, Zhang M, Lu Q, Huang B, Liu R. A newly isolated intestinal bacterium involved in the C-ring cleavage of flavan-3-ol monomers and the antioxidant activity of the metabolites. Food Funct 2024; 15:580-590. [PMID: 37927225 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03601d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Flavan-3-ols are an important class of secondary metabolites in many plants. Their bioavailability and bioactivity are largely determined by the metabolism of intestinal microbiota. However, little is known about the intestinal bacteria involved in the metabolism of flavan-3-ols and the activities of the metabolites. C-ring cleavage is the initial and key step in the metabolism of flavan-3-ol monomers. Here, we isolated a strain from porcine cecum content, which is capable of cleaving the heterocyclic C-ring to form 1-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(2'',4'',6''-trihydroxyphenyl)propan-2-ol from (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, and 1-(3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenyl)-3-(2'',4'',6''-trihydroxyphenyl) propan-2-ol from (-)-epigallocatechin. The strain was identified as Streptococcus pasteurianus (Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. Pasteurianus, designated as F32-1) based on 16S rDNA similarity and MALDI-TOF-MS identification. The formation of the C-ring cleavage structural unit by the F32-1 strain enhanced the chemical antioxidant ability and altered the cellular antioxidant activity of (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin. Overall, in this study we isolated a new intestinal bacterium involved in the C-ring cleavage of flavan-3-ol monomers and elucidated the bioactivity of their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wu Han 430000, China.
- Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wu Han 430000, China
| | - Ruonan Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wu Han 430000, China.
- Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wu Han 430000, China
| | - Fangfang Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wu Han 430000, China.
- Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wu Han 430000, China
| | - Wanbing Chen
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guang Dong 430073, China
| | - Mo Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wu Han 430000, China.
- Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wu Han 430000, China
| | - Qun Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wu Han 430000, China.
- Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wu Han 430000, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Bijun Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wu Han 430000, China.
- Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wu Han 430000, China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wu Han 430000, China.
- Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wu Han 430000, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China
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Dearing MD, Weinstein SB. Metabolic Enabling and Detoxification by Mammalian Gut Microbes. Annu Rev Microbiol 2022; 76:579-596. [PMID: 35671535 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-111121-085333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The longstanding interactions between mammals and their symbionts enable thousands of mammal species to consume herbivorous diets. The microbial communities in mammals degrade both plant fiber and toxins. Microbial toxin degradation has been repeatedly documented in domestic ruminants, but similar work in wild mammals is more limited due to constraints on sampling and manipulating the microbial communities in these species. In this review, we briefly describe the toxins commonly encountered in mammalian diets, major classes of biotransformation enzymes in microbes and mammals, and the gut chambers that house symbiotic microbes. We next examine evidence for microbial detoxification in domestic ruminants before providing case studies on microbial toxin degradation in both foregut- and hindgut-fermenting wild mammals. We end by discussing species that may be promising for future investigations, and the advantages and limitations of approaches currently available for studying degradation of toxins by mammalian gut microbes. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 76 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Denise Dearing
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA;
| | - Sara B Weinstein
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA;
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Tsuchida S, Kakooza S, Mbehang Nguema PP, Wampande EM, Ushida K. Characteristics of Gorilla-Specific Lactobacillus Isolated from Captive and Wild Gorillas. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6030086. [PMID: 30110987 PMCID: PMC6165273 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6030086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) reside in a wide range of mammals, such as autochthonous intestinal bacteria. In this paper, we present the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics of gorilla-specific LAB. Lactobacillus gorillae—previously isolated from the wild and captive western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)—were successfully isolated from wild mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei) in addition to other captive and wild western lowland gorillas. The strains from wild gorillas could ferment D-xylose, arbutine, cellobiose, and trehalose better than those from captive gorillas. By contrast, tolerance to NaCl was higher in isolates from captive gorillas than in those from wild gorillas. This tendency may have been induced by regular foods in zoos, which contain sufficient amount of salts but less amount of indigestible fiber and plant secondary metabolites compared to foods in the wild. All strains of L. gorillae showed inhibitory activities to enteric pathogenic bacteria; however, the activity was significantly higher for strains from wild gorillas than for those from captive gorillas. This may have been induced by the captive condition with routine veterinary intervention. Since L. gorillae can grow in the gastrointestinal tract of gorillas in captivity, the strains from wild mountain gorillas are potential probiotics for gorillas under captive conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Tsuchida
- Academy of Emerging Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai-shi, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan.
| | - Steven Kakooza
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda.
- Novel Minds Science Plexus, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda.
| | | | - Eddie M Wampande
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Kazunari Ushida
- Academy of Emerging Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai-shi, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan.
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Tsuchida S, Murata K, Ohkuma M, Ushida K. Isolation of Streptococcus gallolyticus with very high degradability of condensed tannins from feces of the wild Japanese rock ptarmigans on Mt. Tateyama. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2017; 63:195-198. [DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Tsuchida
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University
| | | | - Moriya Ohkuma
- Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center
| | - Kazunari Ushida
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University
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Singh S, Thavamani P, Megharaj M, Naidu R. Multifarious activities of cellulose degrading bacteria from Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) faeces. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 57:23. [PMID: 26290743 PMCID: PMC4540270 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-015-0056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose degrading bacteria from koala faeces were isolated using caboxymethylcellulose-Congo red agar, screened in vitro for different hydrolytic enzyme activities and phylogenetically characterized using molecular tools. Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were the most prominent bacteria from koala faeces. The isolates demonstrated good xylanase, amylase, lipase, protease, tannase and lignin peroxidase activities apart from endoglucanase activity. Furthermore many isolates grew in the presence of phenanthrene, indicating their probable application for bioremediation. Potential isolates can be exploited further for industrial enzyme production or in bioremediation of contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surender Singh
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Palanisami Thavamani
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales Australia ; formerly, Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia Australia ; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Adelaide, 5095 South Australia Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales Australia ; formerly, Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia Australia ; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Adelaide, 5095 South Australia Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales Australia ; formerly, Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia Australia ; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Adelaide, 5095 South Australia Australia
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Gutierrez-Banuelos H, Pinchak WE, Min BR, Carstens GE, Anderson RC, Tedeschi LO, Krueger WK, Krueger NA, Lancaster PA, Gomez RR. Effects of feed-supplementation and hide-spray application of two sources of tannins on enteric and hide bacteria of feedlot cattle. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2011; 46:360-365. [PMID: 21547824 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2011.559419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria attached to the hide or shed in the feces of cattle at slaughter can contaminate carcasses intended to be processed for human consumption. Therefore, new pre-harvest interventions are needed to prevent the carriage and excretion of foodborne pathogens in cattle presented to the processing plant. The objectives of this study were to examine the antimicrobial effects of hydrolysable tannin-rich chestnut and condensed tannin-rich mimosa extracts on bacterial indicators of foodborne pathogens when applied as a hide-intervention and as a feed additive to feedlot cattle. Water (control) or solutions (3 % wt/vol) of chestnut- and mimosa-extract treatments were sprayed (25 mL) at the left costal side of each animal to a 1000 cm² area, divided in four equal quadrants. Hide-swabs samples obtained at pre-, 2-min, 8-h, and 24-h post-spray application were cultured to enumerate Escherichia coli/total coliforms and total aerobic plate counts. In a second experiment, diets supplemented without (controls) or with (1.5 % of diet dry matter) chestnut- or mimosa-extracts were fed during a 42-day experimental feeding period. Weekly fecal samples starting on day 0, and rumen fluid obtained on days 0, 7, 21 or 42 were cultured to enumerate E.coli/total coliforms and Campylobacter. Tannin spray application showed no effect of treatment or post-application-time (P > 0.05) on measured bacterial populations, averaging 1.7/1.8, 1.5/1.6 and 1.5/1.7 (log₁₀CFU/cm²) for E. coli/total coliforms, and 4.0, 3.4 and 4.2 (log₁₀CFU/cm²) in total aerobes for control, chestnut and mimosa treatments, respectively. Mean (± SEM) ruminal E. coli and total coliform concentrations (log(10) CFU/mL) were reduced (P < 0.01) in steers fed chestnut-tannins (3.6 and 3.8 ± 0.1) in comparison with the controls (4.1 and 4.2 ± 0.1). Fecal E. coli concentrations were affected by treatment (P< 0.01), showing the highest values (log₁₀ CFU/g) in fecal contents from mimosa-fed steers compared to controls (5.9 versus 5.6 ± 0.1 SEM, respectively). Total coliforms (log CFU/g) showed the highest values (P < 0.01) in feces from chestnut- and mimosa-fed steers (6.0 and 6.1 ± 0.1 respectively) in comparison with controls (5.7 ± 0.1). Fecal Campylobacter concentrations (log₁₀CFU/g) were affected by treatment (P < 0.05), day (P < 0.001) and their interaction (P < 0.01) with the controls having lower concentrations than chestnut- and mimosa-fed steers (0.4, 1.0, and 0.8 ± 0.3, respectively). It was concluded that under our research conditions, tannins were not effective in decreasing measured bacterial populations on beef cattle hides. Additionally, chestnut tannin reduced E. coli and total coliforms within the rumen but the antimicrobial effect was not maintained in the lower gastrointestinal tract. Further research is necessary to elucidate the possible antimicrobial effects of tannins at site-specific locations of the gastrointestinal tract in beef cattle fed high-grain and high-forage diets.
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Heider J, Fuchs G. Microbial anaerobic aromatic metabolism. Anaerobe 2007; 3:1-22. [PMID: 16887557 DOI: 10.1006/anae.1997.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/1997] [Accepted: 02/11/1997] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Heider
- Mikrobiologie, Institut für Biologie II, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Arunachalam M, Mohan N, Mahadevan A. Cloning of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus chromosomal region involved in catechin degradation. Microbiol Res 2003; 158:37-46. [PMID: 12608578 DOI: 10.1078/0944-5013-00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus utilizes catechin as sole carbon source. The chromosomal region involved in catechin catabolism was cloned in Escherichia coli DH5alpha from the genomic DNA of A. calcoaceticus. A recombinant E. coli containing 9.2 kb DNA fragment of A. calcoaceticus inserted in pUC19 showed a halo zone around the colony in plate assays, indicating the catechin utilizing ability of the clone. Enzyme assays revealed the expression of the cloned DNA fragment of A. calcoaceticus. High performance thin layer chromatography confirmed protocatechuic acid and phloroglucinol carboxylic acid as cleavage products of catechin in A. calcoaceticus and the catechin degrading ability of the clones. A. calcoaceticus followed the beta-ketoadipate pathway for catechin degradation. The sub-clone (pASCI) of this insert was sequenced and analyzed. The sequence showed three major ORFs but only ORF 2 showed similarities to other aromatic oxygenases and the sequence of ORF 2 was submitted to GenBank (AF369935).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arunachalam
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Chennai, 600025, India
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McSweeney CS, Palmer B, Bunch R, Krause DO. Isolation and characterization of proteolytic ruminal bacteria from sheep and goats fed the tannin-containing shrub legume Calliandra calothyrsus. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:3075-83. [PMID: 10388706 PMCID: PMC91459 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.7.3075-3083.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannins in forages complex with protein and reduce the availability of nitrogen to ruminants. Ruminal bacteria that ferment protein or peptides in the presence of tannins may benefit digestion of these diets. Bacteria from the rumina of sheep and goats fed Calliandra calothyrsus (3.6% N and 6% condensed tannin) were isolated on proteinaceous agar medium overlaid with either condensed (calliandra tannin) or hydrolyzable (tannic acid) tannin. Fifteen genotypes were identified, based on 16S ribosomal DNA-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, and all were proteolytic and fermented peptides to ammonia. Ten of the isolates grew to high optical density (OD) on carbohydrates (glucose, cellobiose, xylose, xylan, starch, and maltose), while the other isolates did not utilize or had low growth on these substrates. In pure culture, representative isolates were unable to ferment protein that was present in calliandra or had been complexed with tannin. One isolate, Lp1284, had high protease activity (80 U), a high specific growth rate (0.28), and a high rate of ammonia production (734 nmol/min/ml/OD unit) on Casamino Acids and Trypticase Peptone. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S ribosomal DNA sequence showed that Lp1284 was related (97. 6%) to Clostridium botulinum NCTC 7273. Purified plant protein and casein also supported growth of Lp1284 and were fermented to ammonia. This is the first report of a proteolytic, ammonia-hyperproducing bacterium from the rumen. In conclusion, a diverse group of proteolytic and peptidolytic bacteria were present in the rumen, but the isolates could not digest protein that was complexed with condensed tannin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S McSweeney
- CSIRO Tropical Agriculture, Long Pocket Laboratories, Indooroopilly, 4068 Queensland, Australia.
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Devriese LA, Vandamme P, Pot B, Vanrobaeys M, Kersters K, Haesebrouck F. Differentiation between Streptococcus gallolyticus strains of human clinical and veterinary origins and Streptococcus bovis strains from the intestinal tracts of ruminants. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36:3520-3. [PMID: 9817865 PMCID: PMC105232 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.36.12.3520-3523.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Strains formerly identified as Streptococcus bovis were allotted to two groups by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of whole-cell proteins. Strains from humans with infections, mostly patients with endocarditis, and strains from pigeons with septicemia clustered with the recently described species Streptococcus gallolyticus. The original S. bovis type strain and strains exclusively from ruminants formed the second cluster. The findings indicate that S. gallolyticus is more likely to be involved in human and animal infections than S. bovis. Growth characteristics and several biochemical reactions were found to be useful in the differentiation of S. gallolyticus from S. bovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Devriese
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ghent, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Nelson KE, Thonney ML, Woolston TK, Zinder SH, Pell AN. Phenotypic and phylogenetic characterization of ruminal tannin-tolerant bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 1998; 64:3824-30. [PMID: 9758806 PMCID: PMC106560 DOI: 10.1128/aem.64.10.3824-3830.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The 16S rRNA sequences and selected phenotypic characteristics were determined for six recently isolated bacteria that can tolerate high levels of hydrolyzable and condensed tannins. Bacteria were isolated from the ruminal contents of animals in different geographic locations, including Sardinian sheep (Ovis aries), Honduran and Colombian goats (Capra hircus), white-tail deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from upstate New York, and Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) from Oregon. Nearly complete sequences of the small-subunit rRNA genes, which were obtained by PCR amplification, cloning, and sequencing, were used for phylogenetic characterization. Comparisons of the 16S rRNA of the six isolates showed that four of the isolates were members of the genus Streptococcus and were most closely related to ruminal strains of Streptococcus bovis and the recently described organism Streptococcus gallolyticus. One of the other isolates, a gram-positive rod, clustered with the clostridia in the low-G+C-content group of gram-positive bacteria. The sixth isolate, a gram-negative rod, was a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae in the gamma subdivision of the class Proteobacteria. None of the 16S rRNA sequences of the tannin-tolerant bacteria examined was identical to the sequence of any previously described microorganism or to the sequence of any of the other organisms examined in this study. Three phylogenetically distinct groups of ruminal bacteria were isolated from four species of ruminants in Europe, North America, and South America. The presence of tannin-tolerant bacteria is not restricted by climate, geography, or host animal, although attempts to isolate tannin-tolerant bacteria from cows on low-tannin diets failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Nelson
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Osawa R, Fujisawa T, Sly LI. Streptococcus gallolyticus sp. nov.; Gallate Degrading Organisms Formerly Assigned to Streptococcus bovis. Syst Appl Microbiol 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(11)80451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Osawa R, Rainey F, Fujisawa T, Lang E, Busse H, Walsh T, Stackebrandt E. Lonepinella koalarum gen. nov., sp. nov., a New Tannin-Protein Complex Degrading Bacterium. Syst Appl Microbiol 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(11)80430-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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