1
|
Gokhman VE, Kuznetsova VG. Structure and Evolution of Ribosomal Genes of Insect Chromosomes. INSECTS 2024; 15:593. [PMID: 39194798 DOI: 10.3390/insects15080593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Currently, clusters of 45S and 5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) have been studied in about 1000 and 100 species of the class Insecta, respectively. Although the number of insect species with known 45S rDNA clusters (also referred to as nucleolus-organizing regions, or NORs) constitutes less than 0.1 percent of the described members of this enormous group, certain conclusions can already be drawn. Since haploid karyotypes with single 45S and 5S rDNA clusters predominate in both basal and derived insect groups, this character state is apparently ancestral for the class Insecta in general. Nevertheless, the number, chromosomal location, and other characteristics of both 45S and 5S rDNA sites substantially vary across different species, and sometimes even within the same species. There are several main factors and molecular mechanisms that either maintain these parameters or alter them on the short-term and/or long-term scale. Chromosome structure (i.e., monocentric vs. holokinetic chromosomes), excessive numbers of rRNA gene copies per cluster, interactions with transposable elements, pseudogenization, and meiotic recombination are perhaps the most important among them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina G Kuznetsova
- Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Angus RB. An updated Atlas of Helophorus chromosomes. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2023; 17:295-326. [PMID: 38284104 PMCID: PMC10812385 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.17.112831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
An account is given of my development of techniques to obtain well-spread Giemsa-stained banded chromosome preparations. Apparent G-banding could be obtained following very slight trypsin treatment of freshly prepared slides, but this banding was very fine (close-grained) and possibly not a reflection of chromosome structure. However, treatment of developing embryos in vitro with 5-fluorouridine produced a similar chromomere banding, which is therefore regarded as genuine. Steady accumulation of Helophorus Fabricius, 1775 karyotypes has resulted in the production of an Atlas covering 62 of the 170 species known to occur in the Palaearctic. Chromosome polymorphisms involving pericentric inversions and addition of extra C-banding regions have been found, as well as small B-chromosomes in a few species. In general, karyotypes have proved very useful in establishing the limits of individual species. Parthenogenesis involving triploidy has been found in two species. Karyotypes of experimentally produced hybrids have revealed irregularities in chromosome condensation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert B. Angus
- Department of Life Sciences (Insects), The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5 BD, UKThe Natural History MuseumLondonUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rosas-Ramos N, Mas-Peinado P, Gil-Tapetado D, Recuero E, Ruiz JL, García-París M. Catalogue, distribution, taxonomic notes, and conservation of the Western Palearctic endemic hunchback beetles (Tenebrionidae, Misolampus). Zookeys 2020; 963:81-129. [PMID: 32922132 PMCID: PMC7458947 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.963.53500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hunchback darkling beetles of the Ibero-Maghrebian genus Misolampus Latreille, 1807 (Tenebrionidae, Stenochiinae) encompass six species: M. gibbulus (Herbst, 1799), M. goudotii Guérin-Méneville, 1834, M. lusitanicus Brême, 1842, M. ramburii Brême, 1842, M. scabricollis Graells, 1849, and M. subglaber Rosenhauer, 1856. Previously known distribution ranges of the species were delineated using many old records, the persistence of such populations being questionable under the current situation of global biodiversity loss. Additionally, the status of geographically isolated populations of the genus have been the subject of taxonomic controversy. An exhaustive bibliographical revision and field search was undertaken, and the Misolampus collection of the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC) was revised. The aims are to (i) provide an updated geographic distribution range for the species of Misolampus; (ii) to determine the taxonomic status of controversial populations; (iii) to provide a catalogue for Misolampus; and (iv) to discuss the conservation status of these saproxylic beetles. As a result, a catalogue including synonymies and type localities, geographical records, diagnoses, and information on natural history for all species of Misolampus is presented. The results reveal that the distribution ranges of the species of Misolampus have not undergone a reduction in the last century, and indicate the presence of the genus in areas where it had never been recorded before. The morphological variability of M. goudotii drove the proposal of different taxa that are here formally synonymised as follows: M. goudotii Guérin-Méneville, 1834 = M. erichsoni Vauloger de Beaupré, 1900, syn. nov. = M. peyerimhoffi Antoine, 1926, syn. nov.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rosas-Ramos
- Departamento de Biología Animal (Área de Zoología), Facultad de Biología (Edificio de Farmacia, planta 5), Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, SpainMuseo Nacional de Ciencias NaturalesMadridSpain
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, MNCN-CSIC. c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2. 28006, Madrid, SpainUniversidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - Paloma Mas-Peinado
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, MNCN-CSIC. c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2. 28006, Madrid, SpainUniversidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global CIBC-UAM, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Darwin 2, 28049-Madrid, SpainUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Diego Gil-Tapetado
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, MNCN-CSIC. c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2. 28006, Madrid, SpainUniversidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain
- Departamento de Biología, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, c/ José Antonio Novais, 12, 28040-Madrid, SpainUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Ernesto Recuero
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, MNCN-CSIC. c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2. 28006, Madrid, SpainUniversidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | - José L. Ruiz
- Instituto de Estudios Ceutíes. Paseo del Revellín, 30. 51001 Ceuta, SpainInstituto de Estudios CeutíesCeutaSpain
| | - Mario García-París
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, MNCN-CSIC. c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2. 28006, Madrid, SpainUniversidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Şendoğan D, Alpagut-Keskin N. Karyotype and sex chromosome differentiation in two Nalassus species (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2016; 10:371-385. [PMID: 27830047 PMCID: PMC5088350 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v10i3.9504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytogenetic features of Nalassus bozdagus Nabozhenko & Keskin, 2010 and Nalassus plebejus Küster, 1850 were analysed using conventional and differential staining. Mitotic and meiotic chromosomal analysis revealed the diploid number as 2n = 20 (9+Xyp) in both species. Besides the general resemblance of two Nalassus Mulsant, 1854 karyotypes, important differences related to variations in the number of metacentric/submetacentric chromosomes, localization of highly impregnated regions which are considered as NOR and heterochromatin distribution are clearly observed. The most prominent difference between two species is found related to the X chromosome which is clearly larger in Nalassus bozdagus and has a conspicuous secondary constriction on the long arm. As a result of silver staining, the existence of highly impregnated areas associated with Xyp of Nalassus bozdagus in both prophase I and metaphase I, suggests that NORs are seemingly located on sex chromosomes. On the other hand, the potential NORs of Nalassus plebejus were observed only in prophase I nuclei. With the application of fluorescence dye DAPI, the AT rich chromosome regions and Xyp which forms the parachute configuration were shown in both species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirim Şendoğan
- Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Section of Biology, Bornova, Izmir 35100 TURKEY
| | - Nurşen Alpagut-Keskin
- Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Section of Biology, Bornova, Izmir 35100 TURKEY
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Manicardi GC, Mandrioli M, Blackman RL. The cytogenetic architecture of the aphid genome. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2014; 90:112-25. [PMID: 24593177 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years aphids, with their well-defined polyphenism, have become favoured as model organisms for the study of epigenetic processes. The availability of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) genome sequence has engendered much research aimed at elucidating the mechanisms by which the phenotypic plasticity of aphids is inherited and controlled. Yet so far this research effort has paid little attention to the cytogenetic processes that play a vital part in the organisation, expression and inheritance of the aphid genome. Aphids have holocentric chromosomes, which have very different properties from the chromosomes with localised centromeres that are found in most other organisms. Here we review the diverse forms of aphid chromosome behaviour that occur during sex determination and male and female meiosis, often in response to environmental changes and mediated by endocrine factors. Remarkable differences occur, even between related species, that could have significant effects on the inheritance of all or parts of the genome. In relation to this, we review the particular features of the distribution of heterochromatin, rDNA genes and other repetitive DNA in aphid chromosomes, and discuss the part that these may play in the epigenetic modification of chromatin structure and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gian Carlo Manicardi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Besta Building, via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mello LRA, Tasior D, Goll LG, Artoni RF, Vicari MR, Nogaroto V, Almeida MC. Physical map of repetitive DNA and karyotype evolution in three species of the genusOmophoita(Coleoptera: Alticinae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/11250003.2014.882995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
7
|
Goll LG, Artoni RF, Vicari MR, Nogaroto V, Petitpierre E, Almeida MC. Cytogenetic analysis of Lagria villosa (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae): emphasis on the mechanism of association of the Xy(p) sex chromosomes. Cytogenet Genome Res 2012; 139:29-35. [PMID: 22948411 DOI: 10.1159/000341674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Xy(p) sex determination mechanism is the system most frequent and ancestral to Coleoptera. Moreover, the presence of argyrophilous material associated with the sex bivalent is described as being responsible for the maintenance and association of these chromosomes. There are no karyotype data available regarding the genus Lagria and no consensus in the literature regarding the argyrophilous material present in the lumen of sex bivalent. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the mechanism of sex chromosome bivalent association in Lagria villosa by analyzing the argyrophilous nature of the material present in the Xy(p) lumen. It was also intended to characterize L. villosa cytogenetically. The analysis of meiotic cells showed 2n = 18 = 16+Xy(p) for males and 2n = 18 = 16+XX in females and the meiotic formula was 2n = 8(II)+Xy(p). The C-banding showed blocks of pericentromeric heterochromatin in all chromosomes except in the y(p) chromosome. In these regions, the use of fluorochromes revealed the presence of heterochromatin containing GC rich DNA sequences. The study of synaptonemal complex showed a gradual increase in the electron-density of the axial elements of the sex chromosomes and their association with strongly electron-dense material. The pepsin pretreatment revealed that the material impregnated by silver is protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L G Goll
- UEPG, Setor de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lira-Neto AC, Silva GM, Moura RC, Souza MJ. Cytogenetics of the darkling beetles Zophobas aff. confusus and Nyctobates gigas (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2012; 11:2432-40. [PMID: 22782627 DOI: 10.4238/2012.june.15.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Males of Zophobas aff. confusus and Nyctobates gigas (Tenebrionidae) collected in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, were studied through conventional staining, C-banding, silver nitrate impregnation (AgNO₃), and the base specific fluorochromes CMA₃ and DAPI. Z. aff. confusus was found to have 2n = 20 (9+Xyp) while N. gigas exhibited 2n = 18 (8+neoXY). Large pericentromeric blocks of constitutive heterochromatin (CH) were detected throughout the autosomal complement of the two species, except in one autosomal pair of N. gigas in which no heterochromatic block was observed. The sex chromosomes of both species were almost totally heterochromatic. Double staining with CMA₃/DA (distamycin) and DAPI/DA marked CH in Z. aff. confusus. However, DAPI staining was more intense. N. gigas was found to possess blocks of CH-positive CMA₃ and homogeneous DAPI. AgNO₃ staining also revealed differences between the two species. In Z. confusus an NOR was observed in the sexual bivalent Xyp and N. gigas was found to have an autosomal NOR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Lira-Neto
- Departamento de Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Karagyan G, Lachowska D, Kalashian M. Karyotype analysis of four jewel-beetle species (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) detected by standard staining, C-banding, AgNOR-banding and CMA3/DAPI staining. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2012; 6:183-97. [PMID: 24260661 PMCID: PMC3833796 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.2950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The male karyotypes of Acmaeodera pilosellae persica Mannerheim, 1837 with 2n=20 (18+neoXY), Sphenoptera scovitzii Faldermann, 1835 (2n=38-46), Dicerca aenea validiuscula Semenov, 1895 - 2n=20 (18+Xyp) and Sphaerobothris aghababiani Volkovitsh et Kalashian, 1998 - 2n=16 (14+Xyp) were studied using conventional staining and different chromosome banding techniques: C-banding, AgNOR-banding, as well as fluorochrome Chromomycin A3 (CMA3) and DAPI. It is shown that C-positive segments are weakly visible in all four species which indicates a small amount of constitutive heterochromatin (CH). There were no signals after DAPI staining and some positive signals were discovered using CMA3 staining demonstrating absence of AT-rich DNA and presence of GC-rich clusters of CH. Nucleolus organizing regions (NORs) were revealed using Ag-NOR technique; argentophilic material mostly coincides with positive signals obtained using CMA3 staining.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gayane Karagyan
- Institute of Zoology of Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, P. Sevak 7, Yerevan 0014, Armenia
| | - Dorota Lachowska
- Department of Entomology, Institute of Zoology Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mark Kalashian
- Institute of Zoology of Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, P. Sevak 7, Yerevan 0014, Armenia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Oliveira SG, Cabral-de-Mello DC, Arcanjo AP, Xavier C, Souza MJ, Martins C, Moura RC. Heterochromatin, Sex Chromosomes and rRNA Gene Clusters inCoprophanaeusBeetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Cytogenet Genome Res 2012; 138:46-55. [PMID: 22797215 DOI: 10.1159/000339648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S G Oliveira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cruz VPD, Shimabukuro-Dias CK, Oliveira C, Foresti F. Karyotype description and evidence of multiple sex chromosome system X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y in Potamotrygon aff. motoro and P. falkneri (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) in the upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1679-62252011000100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cytogenetic analysis of Potamotrygon aff. motoro and P. falkneri indicated the occurrence of an X1X1X2X2/X1X2 Y multiple sex chromosome system in both species, with 2n = 66 chromosomes for females and 2n = 65 chromosomes for males. The nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) identified using Ag-NOR technique showed that both species have multiple Ag-NORs (5 to 7 chromosomes stained). C-banding technique indicated the presence of heterochromatic blocks in the centromeric regions of almost all chromosomes in both species. Through this study there was evidence of heterogeneity in the karyotypes, which suggests that chromosomal rearrangements such as inversions and/or translocations occurred during the chromosomal evolution in two species of this genus.
Collapse
|
12
|
Monti V, Manicardi GC, Mandrioli M. Cytogenetic and molecular analysis of the holocentric chromosomes of the potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas, 1878). COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2011; 5:163-72. [PMID: 24260627 PMCID: PMC3833776 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v5i3.1724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytogenetic and molecular investigations on the holocentric chromosomes of the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas, 1878)have been carried out using silver staining and C-banding (followed by chromomycin A3 and DAPI staining) in order to improve our knowledge about the structure of aphid chromosomes. The C-banding pattern is peculiar since only the two X chromosomes and a single pair of autosomes presented heterochromatic bands. Silver staining and FISH with the 28S rDNA probe localized the rDNA genes on one telomere of each X chromosome that were also brightly fluorescent after chromomycin A3 staining of C-banded chromosomes, whereas all other heterochromatic bands were DAPI positive. Interestingly, a remarkable nucleolar organizing region (NOR) heteromorphism was present making the two X chromosomes easily distinguishable. Southern blotting and FISH assessed the presence of the (TTAGG)n repeat at the ends of all the Macrosiphum euphorbiae chromosomes. Karyotype analysis showed that all males possessed the X chromosome with the larger amount of rDNA suggesting a non-Mendelian inheritance of the two X chromosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Monti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e degli Alimenti, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Manicardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e degli Alimenti, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Mauro Mandrioli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
de Oliveira SG, de Moura RDC, Barros e Silva AE, de Souza MJ. Cytogenetic analysis of two Coprophanaeus species (Scarabaeidae) revealing wide constitutive heterochromatin variability and the largest number of 45S rDNA sites among Coleoptera. Micron 2010; 41:960-5. [PMID: 20675144 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2010.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Coleopterans of Scarabaeinae clade presents Coprophanaeus (Megaphanaeus) ensifer and C. (Coprophanaeus) cyanescens (Scarabaeidae) when they are studied cytogenetically by different techniques. The species present symmetric karyotypes, diploid number of 2n=20, and meta-submetacentric chromosomes. C. (M.) ensifer present an XY sex-determining mechanism and C. (C.) cyanescens an XY(p) parachute mechanism. Analysis of constitutive heterochromatin (CH) in the two species revealed the presence of diphasic autosomes, with log arm heterochromatics. Moreover, an additional heterochromatic block in four autosomal bivalents were observed in C. (M.) ensifer. CMA(3)/DA/DAPI fluorochrome staining detected CMA(3) positive heterochromatic blocks restricted to the sex chromosomes in C. (C.) cyanescens, whereas in C. (M.) ensifer CMA(3) positive pericentromeric blocks were present in all autosomes, in the Y chromosome and in the four additional heterochromatic blocks. DAPI staining was neutral in both species. Silver nitrate (AgNO(3)) staining was inefficient for the detection of the nucleolar organizer region (NORs), but showed affinity for the heterochromatic regions. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed the presence of 45S rDNA sites in the terminal region of the three autosomal bivalents of C. (C.) cyanescens and in seven bivalents and the Y chromosome of C. (M.) ensifer. These results contribute to a better understanding of chromosome evolution in the genus Coprophanaeus, and demonstrate a wide CH variability and the largest number of ribosomal sites among Coleoptera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sárah Gomes de Oliveira
- Departamento de Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Almeida MC, Goll LG, Artoni RF, Nogaroto V, Matiello RR, Vicari MR. Physical mapping of 18S rDNA cistron in species of the Omophoita genus (Coleoptera, Alticinae) using fluorescent in situ hybridization. Micron 2010; 41:729-34. [PMID: 20638293 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Alticinae has the greatest amount of biodiversity among the Chrysomelidae, with 40,000 described species, only 290 of which have been analyzed cytogenetically. The majority of studies refer to conventional staining and few species have been analyzed or have responded to differential staining methods. The aim of the present study was to describe an 18S rDNA probe for Alticinae and the location of this cluster in species of the Omophoita genus. The fragment of approximately 750bp obtained through a PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) amplification reaction with specific oligonucleotides to 18S rDNA was cloned and denominated pTZ_Ooct_18Sp and then submitted to automatic sequencing. The alignment of the sequences obtained through the sequencing of the clones generated a consensus sequence of 722bp for Omophoita octoguttata with 98% homology with other species of Alticinae. The analysis of mitotic cells of O. octoguttata and Omophoita magniguttis submitted to fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with the 18S rDNA probe revealed that the ribosomal genes are located in 6th pair. O. magniguttis also has a second labeled pair. Omophoita personata exhibited nucleolar organizer regions associated to one autosome pair. The analysis of meiotic cells submitted to FISH revealed one labeled bivalent in metaphase I in O. octoguttata and O. personata and in one chromosome in metaphase II in O. octoguttata. FISH data suggest a conserved pattern in the species analyzed and an apomorphy of O. magniguttis karyotype. The rDNA 18S probe could be considered an important marker to evidence the karyotypic differentiation, not observed with conventional methodologies, in species considered karyotypically conserved and uniform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mara Cristina Almeida
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, UEPG, Setor de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
de Oliveira Mendes-Neto E, Vicari MR, Campaner C, Nogaroto V, Artoni RF, Almeida MC. Cytogenetic analysis of Astylus antis (Perty, 1830) (Coleoptera, Melyridae): Karyotype, heterochromatin and location of ribosomal genes. Genet Mol Biol 2010; 33:237-43. [PMID: 21637476 PMCID: PMC3036849 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572010005000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetic analysis of Astylus antis using mitotic and meiotic cells was performed to characterize the haploid and diploid numbers, sex determination system, chromosome morphology, constitutive heterochromatin distribution pattern and chromosomes carrying nucleolus organizer regions (NORs). Analysis of spermatogonial metaphase cells revealed the diploid number 2n = 18, with mostly metacentric chromosomes. Metaphase I cells exhibited 2n = 8II+Xyp and a parachute configuration of the sex chromosomes. Spermatogonial metaphase cells submitted to C-banding showed the presence of small dots of constitutive heterochromatin in the centromeric regions of nearly all the autosomes and on the short arm of the X chromosome (Xp), as well as an additional band on one of the arms of pair 1. Mitotic cells submitted to double staining with base-specific fluorochromes (DAPI-CMA(3) ) revealed no regions rich in A+T or G+C sequences. Analysis of spermatogonial mitotic cells after sequential Giemsa/AgNO (3) staining did not reveal any specific mark on the chromosomes. Meiotic metaphase I cells stained with silver nitrate revealed a strong impregnation associated to the sex chromosomes, and in situ hybridization with an 18S rDNA probe showed ribosomal cistrons in an autosomal bivalent.
Collapse
|
16
|
Alves JCP, Paiva LRDS, Oliveira C, Foresti F. Interspecific chromosomal divergences in the genus Characidium (Teleostei: Characiformes: Crenuchidae). NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1679-62252010000100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Karyotypes of seven fish species of the genus Characidium, three of them studied for the first time, were characterized using conventional cytogenetic techniques (Giemsa staining, Ag-NOR, and C-banding). All species presented a diploid number of 2n=50, with only metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes, as observed in all Characidium species studied. In two species cells with one to three B chromosomes were observed. All species analyzed have a single NOR-bearing chromosome pair with morphological differences among them. Characidium cf. zebra shows heterochromatic blocks restricted to the pericentromeric regions of all chromosomes denoting the absence of a sex chromosome system. On the other hand, the species Characidium lanei, C. pterostictum, C. lauroi, C. oiticicai, C. schubarti, and Characidium sp., besides presenting pericentromeric heterochromatic blocks, exhibited large interstitial and/or terminal heterochromatic blocks, and a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system. The constitutive heterochromatin seems to play a relevant role in the chromosome differentiation process of the studied species, mainly in relation to the sex chromosomes. The geographical isolation of the rivers in which the species were sampled, associated with their way of life restricted to headwaters environments, may have favored the process of fixation of different karyotypes found in each of the analyzed species.
Collapse
|
17
|
Cytogenetics of four Omophoita species (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Alticinae): A comparative analysis using mitotic and meiotic cells submitted to the standard staining and C-banding technique. Micron 2009; 40:586-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2009.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
18
|
Rúa P, Serrano J, Hewitt GM, Galián J. Physical mapping of rDNA genes in the ground beetle Carabus and related genera (Carabidae: Coleoptera). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.1996.tb00814.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
19
|
Dias CM, Schneider MC, Rosa SP, Costa C, Cella DM. The first cytogenetic report of fireflies (Coleoptera, Lampyridae) from Brazilian fauna. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2007.00283.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
20
|
Dutrillaux AM, Xie H, Dutrillaux B. Nucleolus and chromosome relationships at pachynema in four Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) species with various combinations of NOR and sex chromosomes. Chromosome Res 2007; 15:417-27. [PMID: 17406990 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-007-1133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2006] [Revised: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) and nucleolus locations were studied after silver staining in spermatocytes at pachynema from four beetle species selected for their various combinations of sex chromosomes. Their karyotypic formulae were: 18,neoXY (Dorcus parallelipipedus); 25,X (Passalus unicornis) and 20,Xyp (Cetonia aurata and Protaecia (Potosia) opaca). NORs were located in the short arms of a unique acrocentric autosome pair in the first three and in intercalary position in a sub-metacentric autosome pair in the last species. Silver staining gave remarkably more consistent results in pachytene than in mitotic spreads, enabling the detection of both NORs and nucleoli, and also better results in embryo than in spermatogonial metaphases. At pachynema the NORs were elongated, roughly in proportion to the number of nucleoli, which always remained associated with NOR. Nucleoli were not recurrently associated with sex chromosomes, except in P. unicornis, at late pachynema. In C. aurata and P. opaca the sex body was recurrently associated with acrocentric short arms and metacentric telomeres, respectively. Even in these simple situations, with NORs located in a single autosome pair, the number of nucleoli and their relationships with sex chromosomes varied strongly from species to species. These variations appear to be largely determined by the chromosome rearrangements which have occurred during evolution, which makes extrapolations and generalizations quite hazardous. In D. parallelipipedus pachytene cells a quasi-systematic and transient fusion between the terminal heterochromatin of two sub-metacentrics was detected. Other chromosome bivalents could also be occasionally associated, but not the NOR carrier one. A strong enhancement of DAPI or quinacrine mustard staining was observed at the fusion point.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Dutrillaux
- UMR 5202, OSEB, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 16 rue Buffon, CP 32, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Schneider MC, Carraro BP, Cella DM, Matiello RR, Artoni RF, Almeida MC. Astylus variegatus (Coleoptera, Melyridae): Cytogenetic study of a population exposed to agrochemical products. Genet Mol Biol 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572007000400023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
22
|
Lan T, Zhang S, Liu B, Li X, Chen R, Song W. Differentiating sex chromosomes of the dioecious Spinacia oleracea L. (spinach) by FISH of 45S rDNA. Cytogenet Genome Res 2006; 114:175-7. [PMID: 16825771 DOI: 10.1159/000093335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2005] [Accepted: 11/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinacia oleracea L. (spinach) is a dioecious species with both male and female plants having 2n = 2x = 12 chromosomes, consisting of two large metacentrics, two long subtelocentrics, two short subtelocentrics, two acrocentrics, and four submetacentrics. The location of 45S rDNA was investigated on metaphase chromosomes using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The numbers of 45S rDNA foci in diploid sets of chromosomes from females was six and from males was five. All the fluorescent foci lay in secondary constrictions and the satellites. Our results indicate that an XY-type sex chromosome system could be present in spinach where the Y chromosome lacks a 45S RNA focus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Lan
- Laboratory of Chromosome Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mahendran B, Acharya C, Dash R, Ghosh SK, Kundu SC. Repetitive DNA in tropical tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta. Gene 2006; 370:51-7. [PMID: 16455212 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2005.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2005] [Revised: 10/06/2005] [Accepted: 11/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antheraea mylitta is an endemic insect species producing the world famous tasar silk. Its populations occupying different ecological and geographical regions show certain degree of phenotypic variability for which they are known as 'eco-races'. In order to understand the genetic variability and phylogenetic relationship among the different eco-races we characterized a repetitive TaqI genomic DNA fragment as a genetic marker. The sequence analysis and Southern hybridization show the repetitive nature of TaqI DNA fragment, designated as A. mylitta TaqI family repeat, AmTFR. The PCR amplification of AmTFR reveals its presence in all the tested eco-races of tasar silkworm and some other silk producing insects. The AmTFR is evenly distributed in all 31 meiotic metaphase I chromosomes as observed by fluorescent in situ hybridization. The AmTFR based phylogenetic analysis of the eco-races is not congruent with the morphological variations and their geographical distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Botlagunta Mahendran
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 7213 02, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Almeida MCD, Campaner C, Cella DM. Karyotype characterization, constitutive heterochromatin and nucleolus organizer regions of Paranaita opima (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Alticinae). Genet Mol Biol 2006. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572006000300013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
25
|
Palomeque T, Muñoz-López M, Carrillo JA, Lorite P. Characterization and evolutionary dynamics of a complex family of satellite DNA in the leaf beetle Chrysolina carnifex (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Chromosome Res 2005; 13:795-807. [PMID: 16331411 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-005-1013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2005] [Accepted: 10/24/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study characterizes the complex satellite DNA from the specialized phytophagous beetle species Chrysolina carnifex. The satellite DNA is formed by six monomer types, partially homologous but having diverged enough to be separate on the phylogenetic trees, since each monomer type is located on a different branch, having statistically significant bootstrap values. Its analysis suggests a common evolutionary origin of all monomers from the same 211-bp sequence mainly by means of base-substitution mutations evolutionarily fixed to each monomer type and duplications and/or deletions of pre-existing segments in the 211-bp sequence. The analysis of the sequences and Southern hybridizations suggest that the monomers are organized in three types of repeats: monomers (211-bp) and higher-order repeats in the form of dimers (477-bp) or even trimers (633-bp). These repetitive units are not isolated from others, and do not present the pattern characteristic for the regular tandem arrangement of satellite DNA. In-situ hybridization with biotinylated probes corresponding to the three types of repeats showed the pericentromeric location of these sequences in all meiotic bivalents, coinciding with the heterochromatic blocks revealed by C-banding, indicating in addition that each type of repeat is neither isolated from others nor located in specific chromosomes but rather that they are intermixed in the heterochromatic regions. The presence of this repetitive DNA in C. haemoptera, C. bankii and C. americana was also tested by Southern analysis. The results show that this satellite DNA sequence is specific to the C. carnifex genome but has not been found in three other species of Chrysolina occupying similar or different host plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Palomeque
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Area de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gomez-Zurita J, Pons J, Petitpierre E. The evolutionary origin of a novel karyotype in Timarcha (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) and general trends of chromosome evolution in the genus. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2004.00267.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
27
|
Pons J. Cloning and characterization of a transposable-like repeat in the heterochromatin of the darkling beetle Misolampus goudoti. Genome 2004; 47:769-74. [PMID: 15284883 DOI: 10.1139/g04-019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A long repeat unit of the PstI family in Misolampus goudoti (Coleoptera, Tenebrionodae) is characterized in this work. The 30 sequenced units have small differences in length (consensus 1169 bp), but very similar nucleotide composition (mean 61.1% A+T). PstI repeats contain a 36-bp-long inverted repeat at both the 5′ and 3′ ends, with a fully conserved 16-bp-long motif similar to those found in class II transposable elements. However, the transposable-like PstI repeats seems to be defective, since they do not encode for any protein related with transposition. Interestingly, energetically stable hairpins resembled the structure of a miniature interspersed transposable element, suggesting that the PstI satellite DNA family in M. goudoti may have originated from an ancestral active transposable element as also described in Drosophila guanche. The presence of transposable-like structure along with the non-detection of gene conversion or unequal crossing-over events suggest that transposition could be one of the putative molecular mechanisms involved in the strong amplification and (or) homogenization of these repeats. A putative transposition of PstI repeats allowing their genomic mobility also could explain why this satellite is widely distributed to all heterochromatic regions, telomeres, pericentromeric regions, and on the Y chromosome, whereas satellites of other tenebrionids lacking transposable-like structures are restricted only to pericentromeric regions.Key words: transposable elements, MITE, satellite DNA, heterochromatin, telomere, beetle, Tenebrionidae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Pons
- Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bruvo B, Plohl M, Ugarković D. Uniform distribution of satellite DNA variants on the chromosomes of tenebrionid species Alphitobius diaperinus and Tenebrio molitor. Hereditas 2004; 123:69-75. [PMID: 8598348 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1995.00069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The chromosomes of tenebrionid species Alphitobius diaperinus contain large blocks of pericentromerically located constitutive heterochromatin, as revealed by C-banding procedure. As previously reported, satellite DNA of this species is composed of two related monomeric units organized in three satellite subfamilies. In order to analyze the chromosomal location of the satellite DNA and the distribution of monomeric variants within it, and compare it with the distribution of monomer variants in Tenebrio molitor satellite DNA, the methods of in situ hybridization and restriction enzyme/nick translation were performed. Fluorescent in situ hybridization with the entire satellite DNA reveals the pericentromerically located signals on all chromosomes of the complement, coinciding with heterochromatic blocks. Results of fluorescent in situ hybridization with particular monomeric variants and of in situ restriction enzyme/nick translation show that monomeric variants are homogeneously dispersed within the entire satellite DNA. The spreading of satellite monomeric variants of the related species T. molitor within the pericentromeric heterochromatin of the entire complement, is demonstrated using the method of in situ restriction enzyme/nick translation. Although the complexity of organization of satellite DNAs is quite distinct in these two species, obtained results suggest similar efficiency of mechanisms of spreading and homogenization resulting in random chromosomal distribution of their satellite variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Bruvo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ruder Bosković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rozek M, Lachowska D, Petitpierre E, Holecova M. C-bands on chromosomes of 32 beetle species (Coleoptera: Elateridae, Cantharidae, Oedemeridae, Cerambycidae, Anthicidae, Chrysomelidae, Attelabidae and Curculionidae). Hereditas 2004; 140:161-70. [PMID: 15198705 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2004.01810.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
C-banding patterns of 32 beetle species from the families Elateridae, Cantharidae, Oedemeridae, Cerambycidae, Anthicidae, Chrysomelidae, Attelabidae and Curculionidae were studied using the C-banding technique. Mitotic and meiotic chromosomes were previously described for 14 species. From among 18 species that had never been cytogenetically studied, we determined the diploid and haploid chromosome numbers and the sex determination system for 12 beetles. The karyotype for 6 species is not described because of a lack of mitotic and meiotic metaphases. Results confirm that most of the beetle species possess a small amount of heterochromatin and C-positive segments are weakly visible in pachytene stages and weakly or imperceptible in mitotic and meiotic metaphases. In some species with a large amount of heterochromatin, C-bands were observed in the centromeric region in all autosomes and the X chromosome. The Y chromosome does not show C-bands with the exception of Oedemera viridis in which it possesses a small band of heterochromatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rozek
- Department of Experimental Zoology, Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Martinez-Navarro EM, Serrano J, Galian J. Chromosome evolution in ground beetles: localization of the rDNA loci in the tribe Harpalini (Coleoptera, Carabidae). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2004. [DOI: 10.1046/j.0947-5745.2003.00238.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
31
|
Pons J. Evolution of diploid chromosome number, sex-determining systems, and heterochromatin in Western Mediterranean and Canarian species of the genus Pimelia (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2004. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0469.2003.00247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
32
|
Maffei EMD, Pompolo SDG, Petitpierre E. C-banding and fluorescent in situ hybridization with rDNA sequences in chromosomes of Cycloneda sanguinea Linnaeus (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). Genet Mol Biol 2004. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572004000200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
33
|
Pon J, Juan C, Petitpierre E. Higher-order organization and compartmentalization of satellite DNA PIM357 in species of the coleopteran genus Pimelia. Chromosome Res 2003; 10:597-606. [PMID: 12498348 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020918803675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The PIM357 satellite DNA family is present in 26 Pimelia taxa (Tenebrionidae, Coleoptera) with endemic congeneric species from the Canary Islands showing higher interrepeat variability than continental ones. In this paper, we compare the repetitive DNA sequences of a Canarian species that has distinct subfamilies of repeat units, P. radula ascendens, with another without such subfamilies, P. sparsa sparsa. The chromosomal localization of the repeat units and the comparison of the variability of randomly cloned monomers to the one estimated by comparing repeat units from dimers and trimers suggest the absence of satellite subfamilies in P. sparsa sparsa. Hence, the repeat units of this species seem to be uniformly and randomly distributed throughout all chromosomes out of one chromosomal pair. On the contrary, P. radula ascendens shows four divergent subfamilies of repeat units supported by several diagnostic nucleotide substitutions. These subfamilies seem to form four distinct repeat units: monomer subfamily 1, monomer subfamily 4 and two higher-order units (dimer linking subfamily 1 and 4, and dimer linking subfamily 2 and 3). Moreover, monomers of subfamily 1 are present in three chromosomal pairs only. We discuss the effect of different potential factors acting in the concerted evolution and the genomic organization of stDNA sequences in these taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Pon
- Laboratori de Genètica, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07071 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Maffei EM, Pompolo SG, Campos LA, Petitpierre E. Sequential FISH analysis with rDNA genes and Ag-NOR banding in the lady beetle Olla v-nigrum (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Hereditas 2002; 135:13-8. [PMID: 12043703 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2001.00013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have characterized the meiosis of Olla v-nigrum by standard analysis, performed a NOR study using NOR banding, FISH of rDNA genes and sequential FISH/AgNOR analysis, and adapted the FISH methodology to Coccinellidae. The chromosome number determined at metaphase I was n = 9 + Xyp. At zygotene it was possible to identify the sex vesicle which presented a deeply stained heteropycnotic block. Chromosome X is much larger than the y and the two combine, forming a "parachute" in metaphase I. FISH analysis using a probe of rDNA genes 18S, 28S and 5.8S of D. melanogaster was used to map the genes in the sex vesicle. The NOR band showed high gene activity in this region. These results were confirmed using sequential FISH/Ag NOR analysis. The data obtained for Olla v-nigrum agree with the classical hypothesis raised to explain the type of sex chromosome association in a parachute format (Xyp) as being due to the presence of nucleolar material. The chromosome number and parachute configuration during metaphase I in this species agree with the basic karyotype of most Coleopterans. The major adaptation of the FISH method was the simultaneous denaturation and hybridization that permitted preservation of chromosome morphology, an essential factor when the chromosomes are small.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M Maffei
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nakayama S, Fujishita M, Sone T, Ohyama K. Additional locus of rDNA sequence specific to the X chromosome of the liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha. Chromosome Res 2002; 9:469-73. [PMID: 11592481 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011676328165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The molecular cytogenetic organization of 17S ribosomal RNA genes (17S rDNA), a part of the 45S rDNA repeat, was investigated on the chromosomes of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha using fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). The numbers of 17S rDNA loci visualized in female and male chromosomes were ten and nine. respectively. This heterogeneous localization was due to the presence of an additional 17S rDNA locus on the X chromosome and its absence on the Y chromosome. The signal on the X chromosome covered almost the entire region of its long arm. The other nine signals were observed on the same loci of respective autosomes in both sexes. Southern hybridization analysis revealed an additional band including 17S rDNA exclusively on EcoRI digested female genomic DNA supporting the existence of an additional 17S rDNA locus on the X chromosome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Nakayama
- National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Schneider MC, Artoni RF, de Almedia MC. Cytogenetic Analysis of 3 Populations of Diabrotica speciosa(Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae): Constitutive Heterochromatin and Nucleolus Organizer Regions. CYTOLOGIA 2002. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.67.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Cristina Schneider
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Setor de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, UEPG
| | - Roberto Ferreira Artoni
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Setor de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, UEPG
| | - Mara Cristina de Almedia
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Setor de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, UEPG
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
De Almeida MC, Zacaro AA, Cella DM. Cytogenetic analysis of Epicauta atomaria (Meloidae) and Palembus dermestoides (Tenebrionidae) with Xyp sex determination system using standard staining, C-bands, NOR and synaptonemal complex microspreading techniques. Hereditas 2001; 133:147-57. [PMID: 11338427 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2000.00147.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of the beetles Epicauta atomaria (Meloidae) and Palembus dermestoides (Tenebrionidae) were analysed using standard staining, C-banding and silver impregnation techniques. We determine the diploid and haploid chromosome numbers, the sex determination system and describe the chromosomal morphology, the C-banding pattern and the chromosome(s) bearing NORs (nucleolar organizer regions). Both species shown 2n = 20 chromosomes, the chromosomal meioformula 9 + Xyp, and regular chromosome segregation during anaphases I and II. The chromosomes of E. atomaria are basically metacentric or submetacentric and P. dermestoides chromosomes are submetacentric or subtelocentric. In both beetles the constitutive heterochromatin is located in the pericentromeric region in all autosomes and in the Xp chromosome; additional C-bands were observed in telomeric region of the short arm in some autosomes in P. dermestoides. The yp chromosome did not show typical C-bands in these species. As for the synaptonemal complex, the nucleolar material is associated to the 7th bivalent in E. atomaria and 3rd and 7th bivalents in P. dermestoides. Strong silver impregnated material was observed in association with Xyp in light and electron microscopy preparations in these species and this material was interpreted to be related to nucleolar material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C De Almeida
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, UEPG, Setor de Ciências Biológicas e da Saude Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, n. 4748, CEP: 84030000, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mandrioli M, Bizzaro D, Giusti M, Manicardi GC, Bianchi U. The role of rDNA genes in X chromosome association in the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Genome 1999; 42:381-6. [PMID: 10382287 DOI: 10.1139/g98-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Silver staining of mitotic metaphases of the aphid A. pisum reveals the presence of argentophilic bridges connecting the two X chromosomes. The presence of nucleolar material connecting sex chromosomes seems to be quite a common phenomenon in organisms belonging to very different phyla, and suggests a role of nucleolar proteins in chromosome association and disjunction. In somatic cells of A. pisum, bridges connecting X chromosomes are detectable not only after silver staining but also after CMA3 staining. This finding suggests that GC rich DNA is involved in this type of association. Molecular analysis of rDNA intergenic spacers shows several 247 bp repeats containing short sequences having a high level of homology with the chi sequence of Escherichia coli and with the consensus core region of human hypervariable minisatellites. Moreover, each 247 bp repeat presents a perfect copy of a promoter sequence for polymerase I. These aphid repeats show structural homologies with a 240 bp repeat, which is considered to be responsible for sex chromosome pairing in Drosophila, not only in view of their common presence within rDNA spacers but also for their length and structure. The presence of chi sequences in the IGS of A. pisum, by promoting unequal crossing-over between rDNA genes, could thus give rise to the nucleolar organizing region (NOR) heteromorphism described in different aphid species. Although X pairing at NORs is fundamental in aphid male determination, the presence of heteromorphism of rDNA genes does not inhibit male determination in the A. pisum clone utilized for our experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Mandrioli
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università di Modena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wolf KW. Fine structure of the kinetochores in six species of the Coleoptera. Genome 1997; 40:379-85. [PMID: 18464835 DOI: 10.1139/g97-051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Kinetochore structure was examined in a total of 6 species from 5 different families of the Coleoptera using transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin serial sections. Metaphase spermatogonia and primary and secondary spermatocytes were studied in Tenebrio molitor (Tenebrionidae) to determine whether kinetochore structure varies depending on the cell type. In all three cell types, the kinetochore microtubules (MTs) were in direct contact with the chromosomal surface, and kinetochore plates were not detectable. In the other species, only metaphase I spermatocytes were examined. As in T. molitor, distinct kinetochore plates were also absent in Adelocera murina (Elateridae), Agapanthia villosoviridescens (Cerambycidae), and Coccinella septempunctata (Coccinellidae). However, bivalents in male meiosis of two representatives of the Chrysomelidae, Agelastica alni and Chrysolina graminis, showed roughly spherical kinetochores at their poleward surfaces. Microtubules were in contact with this material. Thus, although the present survey covers only a small number of species, it is clear that at least two kinetochore types occur in the Coleoptera. The cytological findings are discussed in the context of chromosome number and genome size variability in the Coleopteran families studied. It is suggested that properties of the kinetochores could play a role in karyotype evolution in the Coleoptera.
Collapse
|
40
|
Petitpierre E. Molecular cytogenetics and taxonomy of insects, with particular reference to the coleoptera. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-7322(95)00024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
41
|
Galián J, Serrano J, de la Rúa P, Petitpierre E, Juan C. Localization and activity of rDNA genes in tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelinae). Heredity (Edinb) 1995. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1995.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|